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, 1997
;Sixdegrees.com .2000 , 2003
Margaret Brennan, Understanding Online Social Network Services and Risks to Youth, Child Exploitation
and Online Protection Centre, November 2006.

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Danah M. Boyd and Nicole B. Ellison, "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship",
Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 13, 2008, p. 211.
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3 ,socialbakers 2 .2011
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6 , ,facebook.

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Royal Pingdom, "Study: Ages of Social Networks Users", February 16th, 2010.
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9
Sonia Livingstone et al., Risks and Safety on the Internet: The Perspective of European Children Full
Findings and Policy Implications from the EU Kids Online Survey of 9-16 Year Olds and Their Parents in
: (( 25 Countries, London School of Economics, EU Kids Online Network, 2011
.
10
Amanda Lenhart, Social Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults, Pew Internet and
American Life Project, February 3rd, 2010.

5 24


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Unicef Innocenti Research Center, "Protection of Children from Sexual Abuse and Exploitation in the
Online/Offline Merged Environment", February 2011,
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Margaret Brennan, Understanding Online Social Network Services and Risks to Youth, Child Exploitation
and Online Protection Centre, November 2006.
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Gustavo S. Mesch and Guy Beker, "Are Norms of Disclosure of Online and Offline Personal Information
Associated with the Disclosure of Personal Information Online", Human Communication Research 36,
2010.
Justin W. Patchin and Sameer Hinduja, "Trends in Online Social Networking: Adolescent Use of MySpace
Over Time", New Media Society 12, 2010, p. 197

20

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100-
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2006
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24

12%
16-11-
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6% , 14% -
22 .
Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden, Teens, Privacy & Online Social Networks, "How Teens Manage
Their Online Identities and Personal Information in the Age of MySpace", Pew Internet and American Life
Project, April 18th, 2007.
Justin W. Patchin and Sameer Hinduja, "Trends in Online Social Networking: Adolescent Use of MySpace
Over Time", New Media Society 12, 2010, p. 197

23

24

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2006 ,
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25 .
Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden, Teens, Privacy & Online Social Networks, "How Teens Manage
Their Online Identities and Personal Information in the Age of MySpace", Pew Internet and American Life
Project, April 18th, 2007.
27 .

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28

Michele L. Ybarra and Kimberly J. Mitchell, "How Risky Are Social Networking Sites? A Comparison of
Places Online Where Youth Sexual Solicitation and Harassment Occurs", Pediatrics 121(2), 2008, e350e357.
29
Margaret Brennan, Understanding Online Social Network Services and Risks to Youth, Child Exploitation
and Online Protection Centre, November 2006.
30
Kimberly J. Mitchell et al., "Use of Social Networking Sites in Online Sex Crimes Against Minors: An
Examination of National Incidence and Means of Utilization", Journal of Adolescent Health 47(2), August
2010.
31 , ,
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6.9%
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3%- 10-9- 8%
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35

36

.4
:
, ;
Amanda Lenhart, "Cyberbullying and Online Teens", Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2007.
Michele L. Ybarra and Kimberly J. Mitchell, "How Risky Are Social Networking Sites? A Comparison of
Places Online Where Youth Sexual Solicitation and Harassment Occurs", Pediatrics 121(2), 2008, e350e357.
& Gustavo S. Mesch, "Parental Mediation, Online Activities and Cyberbullying", CyberPsychology
Behavior 12(4), 2009.

34
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Implementation of the Safer Social Networking Principles for the EU, February 2010.
." , " ," , 19 , 2011
Google, EU SNS Safer Social Networking Principles Self-declaration Form, November 10th, 2010.
Facebook, EU SNS Safer Social Networking Principles Self-declaration Form, December 16th, 2010
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
13
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Commonwealth of Australia ,Joint Select Committee on Cyber-Safety, Cybersafety Issues Affecting


Children and Young People, March 21st, 2011
46
Sonia Livingstone and Kjartan lafsson, Risky Communication Online, EU Kids Online; Amanda Lenhart
et al., Social Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults, Pew Internet and American
Life Project, February 3rd, 2010.
47" , " ,
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