Phn mm m ngun m v Linux

Phn mm m ngun m v Linux

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B mn Truyn Thng v Mng

Ngy 13 thng 2 nm 2011

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Ni dung

Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m Quan h phn mm t do m ngun m v phn mm s hu Lch s pht trin ca PMMNM Cc loi giy php PMMNM
Giy php Apache Giy php BSD Giy php GNU Giy php phn mm

M hnh pht trin phn mm MNM

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Gii thiu Linux Cc phn mm m ngun m khc Cch thc trao i PMMNM
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

nh ngha phn mm t do-m ngun m

Phn mm m m ngun c cung cp cng khai v mt s quyn thng thng ch thuc v ngi nm gi bn quyn (copyright) cng c cung cp theo giy php phn mm (software license):
nghin cu, thay i, ci tin phn phi...

V d PMMNM: Apache, Asterisk, Linux, Open Office, Firefox ... PMMNM thng min ph. S dng PMMNM tit kim 60 t USD/nm.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Mt s phn mm m ngun m

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Cc thao tc trn phn mm my tnh

Sn xut phn mm S dng phn mm Thay i, nng cp, ci tin phn mm Phn tch ngc: Reverse enginering Phn phi phn mm: Phn phi bn thc hin, m ngun, nguyn bn, bn nng cp, thay i ... Qun l phn mm: Cho php/khng cho php thc hin cc thao tc trn phn mm

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Ni chung cc PMMNM cho php thc hin cc thao tc 1-5.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Phn bit PMMNM vi mt s loi phn mm khc

Phn mm s hu (proprietary software) Ch cho php ngi dng c s dng phn mm vi mt s iu kin Khng cho php sa i, phn phi hay phn tch m ngc phn mm. VD: MS Office, Windows, MS Studio, Photoshop... Phn mm min ph (freeware) Khng mt ph s dng nhng khng nht thit l m ngun m. VD: Yahoo Messinger, Skype, IE, BKAV Home... Phn mm chia s (shareware) Phn mm cung cp min ph vi mt s hn ch chc nng hoc mc thun tin. Ngi dng ch c c y chc nng khi tr tin mua giy php. Trng th Diu Linh

Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

nh ngha PMMNM ca Open Source Initiative

Open Source Initiative (OSI) l t chc thc y s pht trin ca Phn mm m ngun Open Source Definition Introduction Open source doesnt just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Open Source Definition 2. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. 3. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Open Source Definition 4. Integrity of The Authors Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. Trng th Diu Linh

Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Open Source Definition 7. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the programs being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the programs license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Open Source Definition 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface. Open Source Initiative, http://opensource.org/docs/osd

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Bn quyn phn mm-Copyright

Bn quyn qui nh quyn ca TC GI, ngi to ra phn mm bao gm

quyn sao chp (copy), quyn phn phi (distribute) quyn thay i

Phn mm MNM c bn quyn, th hin ng gp ca tc gi.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Giy php phn mm-Software License

Giy php phn mm quy nh v vic S DNG v PHN PHI phn mm. Thng thng quy nh cch ngi dng cui (end-user) s dng mt/mt vi bn sao phn mm m khng phng hi n bn quyn phn mm. c trng quan trng ca PMMNM l n khng hn ch quyn s dng v phn phi phn mm.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Giy php phn mm s hu

Rng buc cht ch m bo quyn li ca ngi lm ra phn mm: COPY RIGHT Thng ch cung cp 1 phn quyn s dng Quyn s dng b sung cn tr tin b sung Hn ch vic phn tch ngc m Cc quyn phn phi thng b hn ch Quyn thay i phn mm khng bao gi cung cp Quyn qun l phn mm c gi rt cao V d: MS Excel End User License Aggrement

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

MS Excel End User License Aggrement

Ch cho s dng trn mt my tnh Khng cho php chia s thng qua kt ni Fair/Unfair? Ngi s dng c 2 my tnh ci MS Excel 2 Ngi s dng c 2 my tnh ci MS Excel

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Giy php phn mm m ngun m

Cung cp ti a cc quyn trn phn mm cho s ng NSDT DO thc hin vic thay i, nng cp v phn phi li, cung cp m ngun cho NSD: M NGUN M a s giy php cho php c quyn s dng phn mm cho mc ch thng mi m khng cn tr ph cho tc gi Mt s giy php ch cho php phn phi phn mm vi mc ch phi thng mi. Hn ch quyn qun l m bo cung cp cc quyn khc cho NSD (COPY LEFT)

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

Copyleft
V sao cn copyleft? Cch n gin nht cung cp phn mm t do l khng bn quyn Phn mm khng bn quyn c th b li dung chuyn thnh phn mm s hu n khng cn t do na Copyleft l g? L mt loi giy php Yu cu khi phn phi li phn mm (c sa hoc khng) phi gi nguyn cc iu khon ca giy php nguyn bn m bo ngi nhn phn mm th cp cng c quyn nh nhng ngi phn phi. Thng c s dng m bo mt phn mm v bn sa i ca n l t do. Li dng lut bn quyn cung cp quyn t do cho NSD.
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Khi nim phn mm t do-m ngun m

c im ca phn mm m ngun m
T do phn phi Lun km m ngun Cho php thay i phn mm Khng cho php thay i cc rng buc bn quyn C th c rng buc v vic tch hp m ngun, t tn phin bn Khng phn bit c nhn/nhm khc nhau Khng phn bit mc ch s dng Khng hn ch cc phn mm khc Trung lp v cng ngh
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m

S dng phn mm m ngun m trong doanh nghip

Kh khn khi s dng PMMNM trong doanh nghip

Thiu cc h tr k thut chnh thc cho phn mm Thiu dch v o to s dng phn mm Phn mm c pht trin nhanh nhng khng cung cp nh hng lu di r rng Nhiu d n PMMNM nghim tc thc cht li kim tin t dch v h tr hoc ti liu.

Khng th thu li trc tip t PMMNM theo cch truyn thng nh cc phn mm thng mi

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m

M hnh dual-license vi PMMNM trong mi trng thng mi

Cc doanh nghip PMMNM thng s dng m hnh dual-license vi 2 giy php: Mt giy php s hu (propriety license) dnh cho cc bn mun tch phn mm vo h thng ca h Mt giy php PMMNM cung cp phn mm min ph. VD: MySQL c 2 bn vi License GPL (open source) v bn thng mi (phi mua)

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m

Cung cp cc dch v tr ph i km PMMNM

o to s dng PMMNM thu ph H tr k thut cho PMMNM thu ph Ti tr/qung co Thng mi ha mt phn (2 phin bn song song)
Bn MNM qung co cho bn s hu. Thu li t bn s hu cung cp ti chnh pht trin MNM.

Thng mi ha ton phn: To cc phin bn thng mi m ngun ng t cc bn MNM.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m

Dch v do cng ty Redhat cung cp

T vn o to v cp chng ch H tr k thut cho cc sn phm Qun l k thut cho cc sn phm Cung cp cc gii php m ngun m Cung cp cc gii php cho t chc (m ngun m?) Cung cp cc sn phm thng mi

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh kinh doanh vi phn mm m ngun m

Dch v do cng ty canonical cung cp

o to Cp chng ch Pht trin sn phm H tr k thut ...

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Quan h phn mm t do m ngun m v phn mm s hu

So snh phn mm m v khng m

C th c thu nhp t cc d n PM MNM PMMNM l bc trung gian cho PM TM Chia s chi ph pht trin Khng b cn tr bi ng lc kinh t (vd v li) Khng s dng c ch n Vn tin cy, bo mt: tranh ci gia cng ng MNM v m ngun ng. Thc t cc PMMNM c it li hn. ... PM MNM c th pht trin: Theo nhu cu NSD Khng b gii hn s sng to Cn s h tr php l
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Quan h phn mm t do m ngun m v phn mm s hu

u im ca PMMNM
Min ph Ngi dng c th sa i m ngun c sn phm ring theo mnh C cng ng chia s h tr sa li cng nh cc vn gp phi. Thit lp cc chun cng nghip Li ko c cc nh pht trin Cp nht s pht trin v cng ngh Cung cp cc phn mm tin cy, n nh, gi thnh h Mm do, i mi, sng to Khng b sc p thng mi
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Quan h phn mm t do m ngun m v phn mm s hu

Nhc im ca PMMNM

Kh thuyt phc NSD khng l nh pht trin Khng c cc d liu v tnh nng ca phn mm Sn phm kh thng mi ha

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Lch s pht trin ca PMMNM

Lch s pht trin ca PMMNM

1950-1960: Phn mm c phn phi t do ch s dng phn cng Cui nhng nm196x: gi tr phn mm tng gi phn mm bt u c tnh trong phn cng ci t n. 198x: Cng nghip phn mm bt u ch cung cp m thc thi ca chng trnh, chng ngi dng sa i phn mm. 1980: Lut bn quyn c m rng cho c chng trnh my tnh 1983: Richard Stallman, mt hacker cho ra i GNU Project 1984: Cc phn mm bt u c pht trin cho h iu hnh GNU.
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Lch s pht trin ca PMMNM

Lch s pht trin ca PMMNM (tip)

1985: Thnh lp Free Software Foundation (FSF), a ra nh ngha Free Software Definition v Copyleft nhm cung cp t do cho ngi dng phn mm. 1991: Linus Torvalds cho ra i ht nhn Linux ha ton min ph v c th sa m ngun. 1992: Ht nhn Linux s dng giy php GNU GPL 1998: Open Source Initiative (OSI) ra i FSF, OSI cng nhn mt s loi giy php PMMNM khc nhau.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

Cc loi giy php PMMNM

Khi tc gi cng hin m ngun cho mt d n MNM, h cung cp km theo giy php. C hn 1400 giy php PMMNM. T nm 2008, lut php M quy nh PMMNM cng phi tun theo lut bn quyn ngi dng cui phi tun theo quy nh trong giy php. C cc giy php c to ring cho mt phn mm, c loi giy php p dng chung cho cc phn mm khc nhau. VD mt s loi giy php PMMNM:

Apache License, GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License - Copyleft, BSD license - Cc phin bn sa i c th c phn phi vi rng buc cht ch hn bn gc - "d di".
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

Apache License

The Apache License is a free software license authored by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Cho php s dng m ngun pht trin cc phn mm s hu cng nh min ph, m ngun m Cho php phn phi cc bn sa i phn mm m khng cn phi s dng giy php gc khng phi l copyleft.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

BSD License bn gc - Giy php 4 iu khon

BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution - UC Berkeley BSD- Giy php 4 iu khon Copyright (c) <year>, <copyright holder> All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

BSD License bn gc - Giy php 4 iu khon (tip)

BSD- Giy php 4 iu khon (tip)

3

All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the following acknowledgement: This product includes software developed by the <organization>. Neither the name of the <organization> nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

BSD License bn gc - Giy php 4 iu khon (tip)

BSD- Giy php 4 iu khon (tip) THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

BSD License bn mi/sa i - Giy php 3 iu khon

Cho php phn phi khng hn ch v bt k mc ch g Vi iu kin l dng cnh bo bn quyn v phn t chi trch nhim (in hoa) c gi nguyn Ging giy php 4 iu khon tr iu khon s 3 v qung co c lc b OSI cng nhn giy php ny vi tn The BSD license FSF cng nhn giy php ny tng thch vi GNU GPL di tn Modified BSD license.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

FreeBSD License - Giy php 2 iu khon

Lc b iu khon s 3,4 so vi giy php gc Tng thch vi GNU GPL Nh vy cc giy php BSD ch ch trng vic bo v bn quyn trn cc bn phn phi m khng bt buc bn phn phi phi l min ph hay khng.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

GNU - General Public License

L loi giy php phn mm min ph ph bin nht cho PMMNM: Linux, GCC, MySQL ... L giy php ca FSF L copyleft cng hin ca cc lp trnh vin trong phn mm s c cung cp t do. L giy php c dng p dng chung cho cc phn mm khc nhau. Tri qua 3 phin bn

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

Giy php GNU-GPL phin bn 1

Cng b nm 1989 Mc tiu ngn chn vic nh phn phi phn mm m gii hn t do ca ngi dng Yu cu phn phi bn thc thi ca phn mm phi km theo m ngun di cng iu khon. Nu phn mm c sa i c tch hp bn trong phn mm khc th n cng phi c phn phi vi cng iu khon trong giy php GNU-GPL, khng c cht ch hn Khng cp n gi ca phn mm.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

Giy php GNU-GPL phin bn 2

Cng b nm 1990 iu khon: T do hay l Cht (Liberty or Death)

Nu ngi nhn c phn mm vi giy php GPL m v mt l do no khng th phn phi li phn mm m vn m bo quyn t do th ngi khng c php phn phi phn mm.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

GNU - Lesser General Public License

GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) phc v cho vic cung cp giy php cho cc th vin (VD: th vin C) Trung gian gia giy php copyleft nh GNU GPL v loi "d di" nh BSD. Chng trnh "bt ngun" t mt chng trnh (L)GPL phi cho php sa i m ngun, phn tch m ngc, debug cc sa i . Chng trnh chy c lp c s dng th vin (ng hoc tnh) khng c coi l "bt ngun" t th vin . Copyleft i vi cc chng trnh, KHNG i vi phn mm lin kt n cc chng trnh . C th s dng th vin di giy php LGPL vit phn mm s hu. GNU Library GPL = GNU Lesser General Public License
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m Cc loi giy php PMMNM

GNU GPL phin bn 3

Cng b chnh thc nm 2007 Pht biu tng minh rng phn mm GPL c th c bn vi bt k gi no khng hn ch vic s dng cho mc ch thng mi. Ngi phn phi khng c hn ch thm cc quyn c GPL cung cp ngn chn vic phn phi phn mm vi iu kin bo mt ni dung.

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh pht trin phn mm MNM

M hnh pht trin Nh th

Phng php pht trin phn mm truyn thng Cc vai phn tch, thit k, lp trnh c nh ngha r rng v c qun l gim st cht ch h thng c tch hp tt, cn t ngi tham gia thit k t do ca cc thnh vin tham gia pht trin thp

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Phn mm m ngun m M hnh pht trin phn mm MNM

M hnh pht trin Bazar

Cc vai (phn tch, thit k ...) khng c nh ngha r t do ln NSD ng vai tr l ngi cng pht trin phn mm phn mm tin ha, c pht hin li, sa li nhanh. Phin bn u tin xut hin sm sm tm ta ngi ng pht trin. Tch hp cc m un thng xuyn khi c bug c fix, c ban m. Thng c 3 phin bn: Bn vng, beta, night version Tnh m un ha cao: Cu trc phn mm c modul ha c th pht trin song song cc thnh phn. M hnh ra quyt nh ng
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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Khi nim, Lch s

H iu hnh m ngun m Xut pht t UNIX l h iu hnh s hu, thng mi

a nhim, a NSD Tin cy, sn sng Mm do S dng rng ri nhng nm 1960-1970

GNU project ra i, mong mun to ra h iu hnh MNM Linus Torval vit Ht nhn Linux v ku gi cng ng mng cng pht trin

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Ht nhn Linux- Linux Kernel

Cc thnh phn c bn c th khai thc ti nguyn phn cng ca my tnh 1994: 1.0 1999: 2.2.0 2001: 2.4 2003: 2.6.0 2009: 2.6.3 S u: phin bn chnh

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Cc thnh phn ca Linux

Nhn h iu hnh Cc drivers Cc phn mm h thng Cc phn mm ng dng X Windows Cc phn mm ng dng vi giao din ha

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Tnh nng ca Linux

M ngun m Ngun sng to v hn? H tr nhiu phn cng C cc phn phi khc nhau Tha k cc tnh nng Unix

Kh chuyn a NSD, a nhim Mt h thng file duy nht Shell c tnh nng mng

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Cc bn phn phi ca Linux

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Gii thiu Linux

Mt s bn phn phi ph bin ca Linux

Dng Debian: Knoppix: Bn LiveCD ch chy t CDROM khng cn ci t. Ubuntu Dng Fedora (ti tr bi Red Hat) Fedora CentOS Red Hat Enterprise Linux

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Cc phn mm m ngun m khc

Cc phn mm m ngun m khc

Trn Linux

Trn cc h iu hnh khc

Open Office Gimp FireFox LaTeX

Webserver: Apache Mail server: Postfix Giao din: KDE, GNOME, . . . ..

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Cch thc trao i PMMNM

Cch thc trao i PMMNM

S dng h thng CVS (Concurrent Versions System) qun l cc phin bn

Qun l tt c cc thay i ca mt tp cc file cho php nhiu ngi cng hp tc pht trin.

S dng h thng SVN (Apache Subversion) qun l cc phin bn

SVN c pht trin theo m hnh CVS c dng rt ph bin trong cc h thng PMMNM

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Phn mm m ngun m v Linux Cch thc trao i PMMNM

Cch thc trao i PMMNM

S dng kho (repository) cha m ngun trn web: Sourceforge.net

cho php cc d n PMMNM hosting v qun l qu trnh pht trin m ngun H tr CVS, SVN

Cc repositories khc: Debian Repository, Canonical repository, Google repository, CTAN ... S dng cc ng dng ci t phn mm t cc repository: yum, apt, rpm ...

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