EnerNex - Features and Benefits of IEC 61850

FeaturesandBenefitsofIEC61850 Features and Benefits of IEC 61850
ErichGunther ChairmanandCTO,EnerNex
GrantGilchrist PrincipalConsultant,EnerNex
2011EnerNex.AllRightsReserved.www.enernex.com
BrianSmith PrincipalConsultant,EnerNex
Agenda g
Whatisitandhowdidwegethere? What is it and how did we get here? TheroleofIEC61850intheUtilityBigPicture TherelationshipbetweenIEC61850andDNP3 The relationship between IEC 61850 and DNP3 Whatssogreataboutit? OverviewofthevariousIEC61850features Overview of the various IEC 61850 features Thingstoconsidermovingforward WhatIEC61850meanstostakeholders What IEC 61850 means to stakeholders
IEC61850
Whatisit?
Notjustacommunicationsprotocol A Acomprehensivestandardforthedesignof h i d df h d i f substationautomationsystemsandapplications Acollectionofmultipleprotocols,concepts A collection of multiple protocols, concepts andcomponentstandards Aplatformfordesigning,implementing, andoperatingutilityautomationsystems d l Amethodforaddingneededcontextandstructure aroundwhathistoricallywassimple,unformatteddata around what historically was simple, unformatted data Awayoflifeforutilityautomation
SCOPEANDHISTORY
History y
SponsoredbyElectricalPowerResearchInstitute(EPRI) UCA1.0in1992 toovague,noTCP/IP Manypilotprojects,noconsensus A AmericanElectricPowerinitiativebroughtfocus i El t i P i iti ti b ht f BecameanInternationalStandardin2004/2005viaIEEETR1550 EPRIconsideredthatUCAincludedpopularInterControlCenter p p Protocol(ICCP) ICCPisaseparatestandard:Telecontrol ApplicationService Element(TASE.2),IEC608706 Element (TASE 2) IEC 608706
SCOPEANDHISTORY
UtilityFieldProtocolEvolution y
100s of Proprietary Protocols MMS ISO9506 1988 Mfg. Auto. Protocol-MAP Protocol MAP 1984 EPRI UCA Architecture 1991 UCA2.0 IEEE TR1550 1999
ICCP IEC60870-6 1996
IEC61850 2003
100s of Proprietary Protocols
IEC60870-5 IEC TC57 1994
Common Object Models and Security ( (Future) )
DNP3 Serial Links 1993
DNP3 Ethernet ~2000
IEC61850
IEC61850sroleintheBigPicture g
Identified in the first batch of interoperability Identifiedinthefirstbatchofinteroperability standardskeytoSmartGriddeploymentbyNIST Focusedonautomationsystemsutilizedinthe y electricutilitytransmissionanddistributiondomains p pp Providesnetworkoptionsforapplicationssuchas:
TraditionalSCADAapplications Highspeedprotection Analogwaveformdata DigitalPTsandCTs Ph Phasor M Measurement
IEC61850: Substations andmore
IEC61850andDNP3
Issue RecognizedinNIST InteroperabilityFramework Distribution Feeder Automation SubstationAutomation SubstationtoControlCenter High SpeedPeertopeer Structured Data and Naming DataandNaming SelfDescription XML ConfigurationFile IEC 61850 Yes Noprofilecurrently existsforlow bandwidthnetworks Yes Underdevelopment Yes Yes Yes Yes DNP3(IEEE1815) Yes Designedforit
Yes Yes No Limited. Numbered Points. NumberedPoints. Limited Yes
IEC61850andDNP3Evolution
IEC61850hasmoreadvancedfeatures DNP3isinuseinover75%ofNorthAmericanutilities Canusegatewaysasanupgradepath Canuse6185074namingtodocumentDNP3pointslists IEEE1815.1gatewaystandardunderdevelopment Howtomapdata Howtomapservices Use case descriptions Usecasedescriptions
SCOPEANDHISTORY
IECViewofaSubstation
DiagramfromIEC61850Part1
Three levels Threelevels Numberedinterfaces
Europeanconcepts,butadaptable toNorthAmerica IEC61850isintendedtoaddress ALL of these interfaces except: oftheseinterfacesexcept:

Controlcenter Remoteprotection
Somemovementrecentlytohave italsoincludethesetwo
SCOPEANDHISTORY
Purpose:toVisualizeaSubstation p
10
IEC61850
SoWhatsSoGreatAboutIt?
FeaturesnootherSCADAprotocolhashadbefore... SelfDescriptionandBrowsers StructuredData DeviceModels,notDataPoints CapabilityforAccessSecurity FastPeertoPeerCommunications PowerfulReportingFeatures AWideChoiceofLowerLayers Basedonmoderninformationtechnologyconcepts
11
APPLICATIONLAYER APPLICATIONLAYER
Services: WhatcanyoudowithIEC61850? N i Naming Read/Write SelfDescription Reporting Controls Logging Files ObjectModel: Whatdatacanyouoperateon? LogicalNodes CommonDataClasses
12
APPLICATIONLAYER
AbstractCommunicationServiceInterface
Whydefineabstractservices? Isolates the data from the specifics of communications Isolatesthedatafromthespecificsofcommunications Canbemappedtomanyprotocols Future proofing allows adoption of future technologies Futureproofing allowsadoptionoffuturetechnologies AllofthesearefundamentalqualitiesdefinedintheNIST RoadmapArchitecturechapter
Server (physical device) Logical Device Logical Node Control Substitution Settings Data Object Data Set Reporting & Logging GOOSE Sampled Values File Transfer
Wh t d WhatdoestheACSIdefine? th ACSI d fi ? Functionsandparametersforeachservice How to build logical devices out of logical nodes Howtobuildlogicaldevicesoutoflogicalnodes Howtoorganizedataobjectsderivedfromlogicalnodes
Association Time Synchronization
13
APPLICATIONLAYER SERVICES APPLICATIONLAYER
Self SelfDescription p
Adevicecantell itsmasterwhatdataitwillreport Mastercouldautomatically configure itselfforthedevice! Attheveryleast,provideachooserofwhatdatatomap. Includesforeachpoint: I l d f h i
Datatype Datastructure Humanreadablename
14
WhatSelfDescriptionCouldMean... WhatSelf p
Asavingsof75% ormoreinconfigurationtime Majorreductionsinconfigurationerrors Itnowtakesthreeweeks toconfigureasubstation,beforefinalacceptancetesting! PlugandPlaydevices SCADAbrowsersthatdontneedaconfig!
Hours Power-Assisted IEC 61850-6 Traditional Protocol - Typical Traditional Protocol -M Max Manual ObjectOriented 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
ThiscouldcauseaRevolution! Thi ld R l i !
15
APPLICATIONLAYER OBJECTMODELS APPLICATIONLAYER
StructuredData WhyWeNeedIt StructuredData y

Concentratorscurrently loseinformation:
Thenameofthesource d i Th f h device Thephysicalandelectricallocation Thepath takentoacquirethedata Relationships betweenpoints(e.g.phases) Units ofmeasurement
Onlythetype ofdataisretained(e.g.analog) Mustbeaddedbackinlater asdescription Forces system engineer to keep it all in mind Forcessystemengineertokeepitallinmind
16
StructuredDatainIEC61850
Informationisnotlost! Embedded aspartofthename Forwarded upthechainbyselfdescription Visible without configuration via browsers withoutconfigurationviabrowsers Reduces current dependence on: Reducescurrentdependenceon: spreadsheets tables wiringdiagrams systemdocumentation
17
Device DeviceBasedObjectModels j
V, PhsPhsV, A
Nowwecanstandardizedata names forcommondevice functions,e.g.:

kWhr kVAr
Rs
Polyphase Electric Meter (MMTR)
EnergyMeter DistanceRelay CapacitorBankController TransformerTapChanger
Vendorsarepermittedto
Useonlyasubset Add superset valueadded features Addsuperset value addedfeatures Mixandmatch functionsinadevice
Called Logical Nodes Called Logical Nodes

18
LogicalNodes g
Arelayusedtoperformonlyoneprotectionfunction N it Nowitmayperformseveralprotectionfunctions,e.g. f l t ti f ti
PTOC:TimeOvercurrent PDIS:DistanceProtection
Mayalsoprovidenonprotectionfunctionse.g.
MMXU:MeasurementUnit MMTR:EnergyMeter GGIO:GenericInput/Output
Thefunctionsofthisrealdevicearebuiltfromthoseofidealizedimaginary devices PDIS PTOC

MMTR MMXU GGIO

19
APPLICATIONLAYER
Self SelfDescriptionandStructuredData
Onlyaddresswas configured y Layersofstructure:
Device Domain NamedVariables Measurements MeterCircuit1 M Ci i 1 Voltage PhaseA IntegerValue
TextNamesforData DataGrouped:
Timestamp Quality ScalingParameters
DeviceModels
RTU Metering
20
AnatomyofanObjectName y j
V
MX
A
MX
Functional Constraint
Logical Nodes
MMXU1 MMXU2
Logical Device g (e.g. Relay1)
Physical Device
(network address)
MMXU2$MX$A = $ $
Feeder #2 Current Measurements
21
IEC61850Security IEC61850Security y
BasedonIEC62351technicalspecifications Based on IEC 62351 technical specifications DigitalSignaturesattheapplication(MMS)layer Encryptionatthetransport(TLS/TCP)layer Encryption at the transport (TLS/TCP) layer SpecializedauthenticationforGOOSEmessages Softwareavailableandinusetoday Software available and in use today Newworkunderwayforsynchrophasors
22
FastPeerto FastPeertoPeerCommunication
GenericObjectOrientedSubstationEvent(GOOSE) Intendedtoreplacerelaytorelaywiring d d l l l ii Eachdevicemulticastsaselectedsetofdata Assumesthemessagewillnotgetthrough Retransmitsimmediately,exponentialbackoff Periodicretransmission
23
PEERTO PEERTOPEERCOMMUNICATIONS
HighSpeedorReliable? High p g
GOOSEisintendedtoreplacedirectrelay torelaywiring to relay wiring Needboth:
Veryhighspeed(<4msintransit) Veryhighreliability
Timer Data Ack
Traditionalprotocolsuse acknowledgements
Senderstartstimer Waitsforresponse Retransmitsiftimeoutoccurs
Timer
Data D
Inprotectionapplications,thisisTOO LATE!
Retry Data
24
HighSpeedANDReliable! High p g
GOOSEusesadifferentapproach:
A Assume th t th fi t thatthefirstmessagewillnotgetthrough! ill t t th h! Always retransmitthemessage Dependonthereceivertodetectduplicates
Data
Onlyonewaytrafficneeded
Exponentialbackoff Eventually transmits about once every 2 minutes Eventuallytransmitsaboutonceevery2minutes
BasedonIEEE802multicastaddressing Hardwarefiltersoutwhatsnotneeded
25
LANInterlockingandTripping g pp g
GOOSEisidealforinterlocking
M lti ti Multicastingeliminatesmultiple li i t lti l connectionsbetweendevices Solvesthenx(n1) problem Several simple logic programs replaces Severalsimplelogicprogramsreplaces onecomplexone
LANtrippingismorecontroversial
Hasbeenimplementedsucessfully H b i l t d f ll Performanceisakeyissue Nothoroughstudiesdoneyet Someproblemsnotyetsolved,e.g. S bl l d breakerfailuremustdetectabsence ofa signalintime. Devicesmayhavetobecertified Devices may have to be certified
26
SampledValuesontheLAN p
Takesdecentralizationonestepfurther S Separatessamplingphysicallyfrom li h i ll f
Measurement Metering Calculation
SynchronizingbreakerclosureoverLAN More flexibility in measurement Moreflexibilityinmeasurement

Anydevicemaymeasureanycircuit SmartCTsandPTs
Some performance measurements done Someperformancemeasurementsdone Estimatesindicateitwillrequireatleast GigabitEthernetinthenetwork backboneforlargescaledeployment

27
CONFIGURATION
WhatisSubstationConfigurationLanguage?
Standardizedfileformatforsubstationconfiguration BasedonExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML) Exchangesfilesbetweenproprietaryengineeringtools FilemaydescribeoneIED,orwholesubstation E EveryIEC61850vendormustsupplyanSCLfile IEC 61850 d t l SCL fil Format,orschemadefinedinIEC61850Part6
28
CONFIGURATION
DifferentLevelsofConfiguration g
Substation Configuration Language
System Configuration Tool
`
Substation GUI
Data Concentrator ` IED Config Tool Vendor A ` IED Config Tool Vendor B Proprietary Configuration Files
IED Vendor A
IED Vendor B
29
CONFIGURATION
UsingSCLAlone g
1. Vendor 1 V d supplies li SCL File for IED
2. Tool downloads configuration to Client
3. Client can talk to IED
30
CONFIGURATION
Power PowerAssistedConfiguration g
3. User edits configuration 2. Tool produces SCL file
4. Downloads configuration to Client
1. 1 IED self describes self-describes to engineering tool
5. Client can now talk to several of the same IED
31
CONFIGURATION
RemotePowerAssistedConfig RemotePowerAssistedConfig g
2. Vendor sends SCL file to integrator g 3. Integrator edits and g 4. downloads configuration
1. Vendor gets selfdescription from IED
5. Client talks to Servers
32
PowerfulReportingFeatures PowerfulReportingFeatures p g
Notbasedonpolling Remote device does the work Remotedevicedoesthework GroupdataintoDataSets configured clientdefined Spontaneousreporton: datachange periodicreportbyexception i t it integrityreport t freezing Journals for longterm storage Journalsforlong termstorage Filesforbulkdata
33
STRUCTURE
ASuiteofProtocols,NotJustOne
34
STRUCTURE
IEC61850ReferenceModel
Application Process Abstract Communication Service Interface (ACSI) SCSM 1 SCSM 1 Stack 1 Stack 1 SCSM 1 Stack 1
Common Applications Specific Communication Stacks
35
STRUCTURE
IEC61850Architecture
SCADA Substation Host Station Bus IED1 IED2 Process Bus IED3
CT
VT
36
STRUCTURE
StationBusProtocols
SCADA Substation Host Station Mappings (8-1) Client/Server (TCP/IP) GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync (SNTP) Time Station Bus IED1 IED2 Process Bus IED3
CT
VT
37
STRUCTURE
ProcessBusProtocols
SCADA Substation Host Process Bus Mappings (9-2) Sampled Values Protocol (Link) Sampled GOOSE/GSSE (Link) Time Sync ( y (SNTP) ) Station Bus IED1 IED2 Process Bus IED3
CT
VT
38
STRUCTURE
DocumentSet
Basic principles Glossary Gl General Requirements System and project management Communication requirements Substation Automation System Configuration C fi ti Basic Communication Structure Part 8 Mapping to MMS and Ethernet Sampled Measured Values
Mapping to Ethernet
Part 1 Part P t2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 9
Conformance testing
Part 10
39
STRUCTURE
MostCommonlyUsedProfiles y
Object Models IEC 61850-7-3, 7-4 Abstract Services GOOSE IEC 61850-7-2 8-1 IEC 61850-8-1 MMS/ACSE ISO Pres./ ASN.1 ISO Session
RFC 1006
SMV
9-1 9-2 Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
TCP
Ethertype
IP Ethernet Physical
40
SubstationAutomationafterIEC61850 SubstationAutomationafterIEC61850
To Legacy Masters HMI with Power-Assisted Configuration Self-Configuring Web Server To WAN
Browser p p Laptop HMI
Gateway/ Coordinator
Firewall/ Router
Client/ Server S Interlocking/ Tripping pp g Sampled Values
Bay Controller
CTs
PTs
CTs
PTs
Primary Equipment E i t Monitors
Bay y Controller CTs PTs

41
IEC61850
ThingstoConsiderMovingForward g g
SupportingTechnologies Supporting Technologies
Ethernet,TCP/IP,TimeSynchronization
OrganizationalandProcess g
Employeeskillsets Networkingandcybersecurityfundamentals Organizationalinterfacesandresponsibilities Documentation EngineeringandMaintenanceTools
42
IEC61850
WhatItMeanstoStakeholders
UtilityDecisionMaker
Improved engineering efficiency Improvedengineeringefficiency Benefitsofdatamodelingextendintotheutility enterprise
UtilityEngineer
Newtoolsandoptionsfordesigningsystemstomeetthe evolvingrequirementsofasmartgridworld
Regulator
Highbenefitcostratio(BCR)
Vendor
Narrowerfocusonproductcommunicationfeatures f d f morefocusoninnovation,features,benefits,cost
43
Summary WhatsNew? Summary y

Newhardware: independentVTsandPTs,integratedprimaryeqpt. Newinstallation: automaticandpower assistedconfiguration New installation: automatic and powerassisted configuration Newapplications: LANbasedbreakersynchronization,interlocking Newinterfaces: casualbrowserHMIs Newflexibility: thedevicenearesttheproblemdoesthejob New flexibility: the device nearest the problem does the job Newphilosophy: integratedprotection,telecontrol,assetmgmt.
44
ForMoreInformation ForMoreInformation
ErichGunther erich@enernex.com BrianSmith b ith@ bsmith@enernex.com GrantGilchrist grant@enernex.com g @ http://www.enernex.com/ ComingSoon morewebinarsandmultidaytraining seminarsatourconferencefacilityandlabsinKnoxville i t f f ilit dl b i K ill Tennessee StayTuned!
45

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FeaturesandBenefitsofIEC61850 Features and Benefits of IEC 61850

ICCP IEC60870-6 1996

100s of Proprietary Protocols

IEC60870-5 IEC TC57 1994

Common Object Models and Security ( (Future) )

DNP3 Serial Links 1993

DNP3 Ethernet ~2000

IEC61850: Substations andmore

Yes Yes No Limited. Numbered Points. NumberedPoints. Limited Yes

Europeanconcepts,butadaptable toNorthAmerica IEC61850isintendedtoaddress ALL of these interfaces except: oftheseinterfacesexcept:

APPLICATIONLAYER SERVICES APPLICATIONLAYER

APPLICATIONLAYER SERVICES APPLICATIONLAYER

APPLICATIONLAYER OBJECTMODELS APPLICATIONLAYER

StructuredData WhyWeNeedIt StructuredData y

APPLICATIONLAYER OBJECTMODELS APPLICATIONLAYER

APPLICATIONLAYER OBJECTMODELS APPLICATIONLAYER

Nowwecanstandardizedata names forcommondevice functions,e.g.:

Polyphase Electric Meter (MMTR)

EnergyMeter DistanceRelay CapacitorBankController TransformerTapChanger

Called Logical Nodes Called Logical Nodes

APPLICATIONLAYER OBJECTMODELS APPLICATIONLAYER

Thefunctionsofthisrealdevicearebuiltfromthoseofidealizedimaginary devices PDIS PTOC

MMTR MMXU GGIO

APPLICATIONLAYER SERVICES APPLICATIONLAYER

Logical Device g (e.g. Relay1)

SynchronizingbreakerclosureoverLAN More flexibility in measurement Moreflexibilityinmeasurement

Some performance measurements done Someperformancemeasurementsdone Estimatesindicateitwillrequireatleast GigabitEthernetinthenetwork backboneforlargescaledeployment

2. Tool downloads configuration to Client

3. Client can talk to IED

4. Downloads configuration to Client

1. 1 IED self describes self-describes to engineering tool

5. Client can now talk to several of the same IED

1. Vendor gets selfdescription from IED

5. Client talks to Servers

Common Applications Specific Communication Stacks

Part 1 Part P t2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7 Part 9

Browser p p Laptop HMI

Client/ Server S Interlocking/ Tripping pp g Sampled Values

Primary Equipment E i t Monitors

Bay y Controller CTs PTs

Summary WhatsNew? Summary y

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