Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Radko Kovar
Faculty of Textile Engineering, Department of Textile Technologies
Brief Content:
1. Preparation of material for knitting 2. Bases of knitting technology 3. Knitted structures 4. Working and controlling systems of knitting machines 5. Yarn supply 6. Fabric take-off 7. Checking equipment 8. Machine drives 9. Knitted technical textiles
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0. Introduction
Advantages of knitting:
High productivity Great variability (wide usage) Possibilities of shaping (ready-made clothes) Wasteless production
History:
Archaeology rests of knitted fabrics from 6-th century Mechanical knitting reverend William Lee 1589 invention of the first knitting machine No revolutionary inventions such as shuttleless weaving and open end spinning in knitting. Why? 1/3
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Speed vy corespons with speeds of l1, l2, l3 change, is variable. Tensile force F is increased by friction.
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Multifilament without twist problems when some filament is broken (creates bunches or neps, could be kept by neighboring yarns ): Impact of twist: migration of fibres occurs each filament is alternatively on the surface and inside the yarn.
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Winding machines:
Drive can be realized:
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From axis (tube) enables precise winding. Peripheral (bobbin rolls on driving drum) chaotic winding.
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D. Preparation of warps
Warp many yarns. Knitting from giant creel is not suitable, usual is to wind many yarns on one beam. Necessary condition similar length of all yarns in the fabric. If the yarn consumption is individual (patterned fabric) it is necessary to use creel.
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1. Section warping
Narrow warp beams are used, several of them form final warp. Advantage only one yarn rewinding.
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1. Section warping
Warping machine:
1 beam; 2 pressure drum; 3 reeds; 4 electrostatic charge eliminators; 5 working table; 6 warp magazine; 7 photoelectrical sensor; 8 creel
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2. Beam warping
For lower yarns number are used so called pattern beams a set of X-wound bobbins on 1 tube:
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Is it at all possible?
May fabric be formed from one system of yarns with fixed all ends?
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Advantage: easy fabric creation (short movements). Disadvantage: easy destruction (symmetrical structure).
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Basic elements:
Kink (loop) of yarn (open, closed). Knitted stitch or loop (F - face, R reverse side).
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Groups of elements:
Course Wales. a Weft, b warp knitted fabric.
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Knitted products:
Continuous fabric Yardage (metrage) flat a, tubular b.
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Pieces or panels:
Not shaped c In-plane shaped d, e, Spatial-shaped f (or 3-D shaped). 1 welt (fast starting c.) 2 separating course
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English system:
Not providing an easy survey of structures with many courses i repetition.
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Examples of needles:
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