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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Five-Year Plans of India) Jump to: navigation, search Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (January 2007) This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. The talk page may contain suggestions. (October 2007) The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. With the Prime Minister as the ex officio Chairman, the commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who has rank of a Cabinet minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is currently the Deputy Chairman of the Commission. The tenth plan completed its term in March 2007 and the eleventh plan is currently underway.[1] Prior to the Fourth plan, the allocation of state resources was based on schematic patterns rather than a transparent and objective mechanism, which lead to the adoption of the Gadgil formula in 1969. Revised versions of the formula have been used since then to determine the allocation of central assistance for state plans.[2]
Contents
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1 First plan (1951-1956) 2 Second plan (1956-1961) 3 Third plan (1961-1966) 4 Fourth plan (1969-1974) 5 Fifth plan (1974-1979) 6 Sixth plan (1980-1985) 7 Seventh plan (1985-1990) 8 Period between 1989-91 9 Eighth plan (1992-1997) 10 Ninth Plan (1997 - 2002) 11 Tenth plan (2002-2007) 12 Eleventh plan (2007-2012) 13 References 14 External links
The third plan stressed on agriculture and improving production of rice, but the brief Sino-Indian War of 1962 exposed weaknesses in the economy and shifted the focus towards the Defence industry. In 1965-1966, India fought a war with Pakistan. The war led to inflation and the priority was shifted to price stabilisation. The construction of dams continued. Many cement and fertilizer plants were also built. Punjab began producing an abundance of wheat. Many primary schools were started in rural areas. In an effort to bring democracy to the grassroot level, Panchayat elections were started and the states were given more development responsibilities. State electricity boards and state secondary education boards were formed. States were made responsible for secondary and higher education. State road transportation corporations were formed and local road building became a state responsibility. The target growth rate of GDP(gross domestic product)was 4.5 percent.The achieved growth rate was 4.3 percent.[citation
needed]
The main objectives of the 7th five year plans were to establish growth in the areas of increasing economic productivity, production of food grains, and generating employment opportunities. As an outcome of the sixth five year plan, there had been steady growth in agriculture, control on rate of Inflation, and favourable balance of payments which had provided a strong base for the seventh five Year plan to build on the need for further economic growth. The 7th Plan had strived towards socialism and energy production at large. The thrust areas of the 7th Five year plan have been enlisted below: Social Justice Removal of oppression of the weak Using modern technology Agricultural development Anti-poverty programs Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers Making India an Independent Economy
Based on a 15-year period of striving towards steady growth, the 7th Plan was focused on achieving the pre-requisites of self-sustaining growth by the year 2000. The Plan expected a growth in labour force of 39 million people and employment was expected to grow at the rate of 4 percent per year. Some of the expected outcomes of the Seventh Five Year Plan India are given below:
Balance of Payments (estimates): Export - 33,000 crore (US$7.4 billion), Imports - (-) 54,000 crore (US$12.2 billion), Trade Balance - (-) 21,000 crore (US$4.7 billion)
Merchandise exports (estimates): 60,653 crore (US$13.6 billion) Merchandise imports (estimates): 95,437 crore (US$21.5 billion) Projections for Balance of Payments: Export - 60,700 crore (US$13.7 billion), Imports (-) 95,400 crore (US$21.5 billion), Trade Balance- (-) 34,700 crore (US$7.8 billion)
Seventh Five Year Plan India strove to bring about a self-sustained economy in the country with valuable contributions from voluntary agencies and the general populace.
nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge. It was the beginning of privatisation and liberalisation in India.
During the Ninth Plan period, the growth rate was 5.35 per cent, a percentage point lower than the target GDP growth of 6.5 per cent. [8]
Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007; Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labour force;*All children in India in school by 2003; all children to complete 5 years of schooling by 2007; Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007;*Reduction in the decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16.2%;*Increase in Literacy Rates to 75 per cent within the Tenth Plan period (2002 to 2007);
Accelerate GDP growth from 8% to 10% and then maintain at 10% in the 12th Plan in order to double per capita income by 2016-17
Increase agricultural GDP growth rate to 4% per year to ensure a broader spread of benefits Create 70 million new work opportunities. Reduce educated unemployment to below 5%. Raise real wage rate of unskilled workers by 20 percent. Reduce the headcount ratio of consumption poverty by 10 percentage points. 2. Education Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52.2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12 Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality
Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage point Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end of the plan 3. Health
Reduce infant mortality rate to 28 and maternal mortality ratio to 1 per 1000 live births Reduce Total Fertility Rate to 2.1
Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009 and ensure that there are no slipbacks
Reduce malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to half its present level Reduce anaemia among women and girls by 50% by the end of the plan
4. Women and Children Raise the sex ratio for age group 0-6 to 935 by 2011-12 and to 950 by 2016-17 Ensure that at least 33 percent of the direct and indirect beneficiaries of all government schemes are women and girl children Ensure that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any compulsion to work 5. Infrastructure
Ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL households by 2009 and round-the-clock power.
Ensure all-weather road connection to all habitation with population 1000 and above (500 in hilly and tribal areas) by 2009, and ensure coverage of all significant habitation by 2015 Connect every village by telephone by November 2007 and provide broadband connectivity to all villages by 2012 Provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the pace of house construction for rural poor to cover all the poor by 2016-17 6. Environment Increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.
Treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river waters. Increase energy efficiency by 20 percentage points by 2016-17.
[edit] References
1. ^ http://www.planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/welcome.html 2. ^ Planning Commission (1997-02-24). "A Background Note on Gadgil Formula for
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