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YS%

,xldf mj;sk O lDIs foaY.=l


l,dmj, m,;=re jr. 55 la muK
idr:lj j.d lrkq ,ef' flfi,a" wU" wkakdis"
rUqgka hkdh Yd, f,i j.d flfrk w;r"
;j;a iuyr m,;=re iq m%udKfhka f.j;=
j.djla f,i olakg ,ef' wm rfgys jefjk
fndfyduhla m,;=re j,g wdfksl Wiia rihla"
iqj|la iy jrKhla mj;S' kuq;a wjdikdjlg
fuka fuu m,;=re j,g wdfksl jrKh" iqj|
iy rih wmf.a mdfNda.slhkayg fndfyda
wjia:dj, k.ekSug wjia:djla fkd,ef'
j.=j - 01


tu fjkial w;=rska m%dfhda.sl jYfhka
jvd;au jeo.;a jkafka wiajekak fk miq
bf$fkdbf yelshdjhs' tneka
la,hsuelafgla fkdjk ldKavfha m,;=re
wiajekak fk,Su l< hq;af;a .fiau Wmu
;;a;ajhg frE miqj muKls'

la,hsuelagla jr.fha m,;=re wiajekak
fk miq bfok neka Wmu ff wjia:dj"
wksla ldKavfha m,;=re j, ;r jeo.;a fkdf'
kuq;a iEu m,;=rlau W; wjia:djg frE miq
wiajkq fk,Su b;d jeo.;ah'

m%Odk m,;=re ldKav fol w;r we;s fjkial

la,hsuelafgla ldKavh

la,hsuelafgla fkdjk ldKavh

l
levQ m,;=re j, Yajik f.h by< hhs

l Yajik f.h .gu wvqf

l t;s,ska jdhqj je jYfhka ksmojhs

l t;s,ska jdhqj w,am f,i ksmof

l t;s,ska jdhqj lD;Su f,i iemhSfuka

l t;s,ska iemhSfuka m,;=frys t;s,ska

m,;=frys t;s,ska ksIamdokh Yd, f,i

ksIamdokh je l< fkdyel

je" bu W;af;ackh f
l levq miq bu isf


fuhg n,mdk m%Odku fya;=j jkafka
fuu m,;=re ksis wjia:df wiajkq fk<d
fkd.ekSu;a" wiajkq fk<Sfuka miqj olajk
fkdie,ls,a,;a ksidh'

wm rfgys ;sfnk ishu m,;=re jr.
m%Odk fldgia 2 lg fn fjka l< yelsh' tajd
k la,hsuelafgla jr.h iy la,hsuelafgla
fkdjk jr.hhs' fuu jr. fol w;r mj;sk
m%Odk fjkial lSmhla j.= wxl 01 ys laf'

l levQ miq bu is fkdf


wm rf mj;sk m%Odk m,;=re lSmhla tajd
wh;ajk ldKavh wkqj j.= wxl 2 ys i|yka lr
we;' fuu ldKav ms<sn| kqula ,nd .ekSfuka
tajd wiajekak fk,Sf lah hq;= ie,ls,a,
ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yelsh'

j.=j - 02

m,;=re ldKav j,g fjka lsu

ldnka vhfhdalaihs jdhqj by, hEug fkd


bj;a lsu;a is h hq;=h' tu jdhq ksis f,i
md,kh fkdjqkfyd;a ksrjdhq Yajikh isfuka
m,;=frys rihg Yd, f,i wys;lr n,mEula
ish yelsh' tfiau Yajik f.h by, hEfuka
m,;=frys .nvd lr ;snQ wdydr m%udKh CIh
ulao is f'

la,hsuelafgrsla
ldKavh

la,hsuelafgrsla fkdjk
ldKavh

flfi,a

wkakdis

wU

rUqgka

w,sfmar

uex.=iaka

hka

fv" kdrx"

c,h bj;a u

wfkdaod

foys" f,uka

fldia

ldurx.d

meIka mDD

mefmd,a

fmar" .vq.=vd" W.=/iai


m,;=re fk miq c,h bj;a u is
f' fuh W;aiafokh f,i isjkjd fukau
fl,skau c,h bj;a uo isf' c,h wl f,i
m,;=frka bj;a jqjfyd;a m,;=frys u;=msg
mDIaGfhys /<s jeula is mdfNda.sl
rel;ajh wvqug mqjk' tfiau fuh bfok
m,;=rej, rih flfryso wys;lr n,mEula
we;slsug bv ;sf'


by; j.=j wkqj la,hsuelafgla fkdjk
jr.fha m,;=re fndfyduhla fj<|fmdf,ys
mj;sk ;;a;ajh b;d rj, nj fmfka'

fYaIfhkau wkakdis" fv" uex.=iaka
fkdfrE wjia:df wiajkq fk,Su ksid tajdfha
.=Kd;auh b;du;a rj, ugul mj;S'

flfia fj;;a la,hsuelafgla jr.fha
m,;=re fkdfrE wjia:df fk,Su l< yels nj
jrojd f;are fkd.; hq;=h' tu m,;=reo iqiq
;;a;ajhg .fiau fu ish hq;=h'

m,;=re j, isjk
ls%hdj,Ska
Yajikh lsu

m,;=re wiajkq fk miq o ;;a;ajfha
mj;S' ls%hdj,sfha w;HjYH ls%hdjla jk
Yajikh m,;=re wiajekak fk miq o isf'
tneka Yajikh i|yd wjYH Tlaiscka jdhqj
fkdwvqj iemhSu;a" Yajikfha w;=re M,hla jk

fkdlvjd we;sjk fjkial



la,hsuelafgla ldKavhg wh;a m,;=re
fk miq bu is miqj mydksh lrd m;af'
la,hsuelafgla fkdjk ldKavfha m,;=re levQ
wjia:df isg mydkshg m;au isf' fufia
isjk bu yd mydksh kj;d,sh fkdyel'
flfia fj;;a mydksh fyda bu isjk f.h
;rula rg mud l< yelsh'

lDs ydks iy frda. j,g


md;S%Ndjh

m,;=re" wmg fukau lDka iy ,Sr j,go
re wdydrhla f' tneka bKq m,;=re j,g
lD iy ,Sr j,ska jk ydksh b;du;a by<h'
m,;=re j,g ,Sr frda. nyq,j je,fok w;r"
t<j j,g nelahd frda. nyq,j je,f|a'

wU

tljr fk,k neka fkdfrE f. o ta w;r


nyq, jYfhka ;sug fndfyda bvlv ;sf'
fkdfrE f. bk;a kshudldrfhka rih
jrOkh fkdjk ksid tajdg we;s b,au wvqh'
fufia is jk mYapd;a wiajkq ydks wvq lr,Su
i|yd .; yels ls%hdudr. my; oelaf'

wiajkq fk,k wjh

wiajkq fk<Su yd
mYapd;a wiajkq md,kh

wU" fmdaIh .=Kfhka hq;a je b,aula
we;s m,;=rls' wm rfgys wU m%fNao Yd,
ixLHdjla we;;a" msg fmd;af;a jrKh we;s
jkafka bka iuyrla m%fNaoj, mu' ksjer
ff wjia:dj wkqj wiajkq fk,Su fkdlrk
neka fyd| ;;a;ajfha wU fj<|fmdf<ka ,nd
.ekSu wmyiqh'

mYapd;a wiajkq f,v frda.j,g
^weka;%elafkdaia iy kgq w. l=Kqug& wl f,i
md;%jk neka bKq wU Yd, jYfhka wmf;a
hhs' kshudldrj wiajkq fk,Su yd myrKh
fkdlrk neka wl f,i mYapd;a wiajkq ydks
isf' msg fmd;af;a jrKh ksis whqka
jrOkh fkdjk ksid;a" flj,ska .yk ksid;a"
grmkaghska rifhka hqla; ksid;a" wmf.a wU j,g
;sfnk foaYSh b,au wvqh' ls j,ska is jk
ydksh ksid" f. bf fndfyda g l=Kq ug
Ndckh f' kg mj;sk fj<| rgdj wkqj
fndfyda wjia:d j, .fia ;sfnk f. ish,a,u



fk,Sug iqiq ff wjia:dj f;dard .ekSu
b;d jeo.;a lreKls' ,d jr.fha wUj, we;s
jk r;= meyehg yqre frdai meyeh uska ff
wjia:dj ;SrKh l< yelsh' wfkl=;a jr.j,
ff wjia:dj ;SrKh lsug my; i|yka
lreKq tlla fyda lSmhla Wmfhda.S lr .; yel'
l

Wr ysia ^kgqj jf we;s m%foaYh& biaiqkq


iajNdjh'

fmd;af;a ,sfik iajNdjh ke;sj hdu'

kgqfjka fjka l< g ^iajNdlj b yef,k


ia:dkfhka& jEiafik ls m%udKh wvqu'

frE f. c,fha .sf,a" ke;fyd;a .s,S mdf'

udxi,h ly fyda ;e,s meyehg yeu'

udxi,fha fl ukdj jrOkh ;su'

wiajkq fk,Su

lsj,ska we;s jk ydks wju lr .ekSug
k ls wvqfjka jEiafik ld,h jk fmrjre
10'00 isg miajre 3'00 olajd wiajkq fk,Su
l< hq;=h' wiajkq fk,Su i|yd my; rEmfha
lafjk wdldrfha jehqKq lrk ,o fllalla
Nd; l< hq;=h' kgqfjys by< m%foaYfhka lmd
fjkalr .ekSfuka" jEiafik ls m%udKh wvqlr
.; yelsh' fk,k ,o f.h kgqj my<g isk
fia yrjd kgqj bj;a lsfuka ls ;eju ksid
f.hg jk ydksh wvq l< yelsh'

weisu

,E,sj,ska ;kk ,o tl u; tl megh
yels ,S fm weiqre jYfhka Nd;d lsu
iqiqh' fmfha m;=,g yd me;sj,g w;=rKqjla
oud f. me;,s w;g weisu jvd;a iqiq f'
flfia fj;;a wmkhkfha ;ks ;gqjlg
ldfnda weiqrej, wU weisu l< hq;=h'

f;au yd jr. lsu



lD yd hdka;s%l ydks ksid le,e,a we;s"
rjrK" widudkH yevfhka hq;a" m%udKhg jvd
l=vd f." f;dard bj;a l< hq;=h' lsk wU
m%fNaohl jqjo" O m%udKfha f. yg .kS'
ta ksid f. j, m%udKh wkqj l=vd" uOHu yd
Yd, hkqfjka fj<|m, i|yd fYa%.; lsfuka
by< ,la ,nd .; yelsjdla fukau m%jdykfha
we;sjk ydks o wju lr .; yelsh'

WKq c, m%;sldrh

nyq,j je,f|k weka;%elafkdaia frda.h
iy kgq w. l=Kqu je<elau i|yd wU levQ
.iu WKq c, m%;sldrh l< yelsh' fi'f.%a'
wxYl 52 olajd r;alrk ,o c,fha kd
03 - 05 la olajd ld,hla wU .s,ajd ;efuka
by; i|yka frda. ;;a;ajhka fndfyda rg
wvqlr .; yelsh' ;jo WKq j;=r ,Sgrhlg
t;%,a ',s' 01 ne.ska jk fia oud WKq j;=r
m%;sldrh lsfuka f.j,g frda. yg.ekSug
l,ska jrKj;a f,i bojd .; yelsh'

m%jdykh

wiqrk ,o fm fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk
f,dj, m%fYfuka m%jdykh l< hq;=h' fl,skau
jefgk ysre t<sfhka yd jeiafikao
wdrCId lr.; hq;=h'

ksh; wjia:djg fudard we;s wU" wm rf
foaY.=l ;;a;ajhka hgf;a k 04-06 olajd
ld,hl bu isf' wjYH;djh wkqj t;%,a
fhd lD;Su bou l< yelsh'

fj,|fmd<ys wf,h i|yd bm;a lrk
g" bKq f. ;ks ia:rhla f,i m%orYkh lr
;eu jvd;a W; f'



.nvd lr ;nd.ekSug wjYH k wiajkq
fk,d msis lr.;a wU fi'f.a%' wxYl 10
WIaK;ajhl i;s 2-3 ld,hla .nvd lr .;
yelsh'

fia ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla fhdokak' f i|yd


my; i|yka ,Sr kdYl Nd;d l< yelsh'

mYapd;a wiajkq frda.


uekafldafi 80] WP
uefk 80] WP

;fhda*fka ;hs,a 70] WP
ldfnkavis 50] WP/Wb
ldfnkavis 500 g $l SC
laf,dafrd;ef,dks,a 500 g $l SC
fm%dmsfldkfida,a 250 g $l EC
*ais,fida,a 400 g $l SC

l weka;%elafkdaia frda.h


fuh wUj,g nyq,j je<fok ,Sr
frda.hls' Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
k ,Srh ksid fuu frda.h je,foa' fndfyda wU
f.j,g ,m ld,fhau fuu os,Srh wdidokh
;sh yelsh' kuq;a f. bfok wjia:df
,Srh jrOkh l$Uqre meye;s ,m we;s f'
fuu ,m wdYS%;j ,Srfha ls%hdld;ajh fndfyda
g fmd;a;g muKla iSud jk w;r" iuyr
wjia:dj, udxi,hg o ysh yelsh' ,d yd
fn wUj,g fuu frda.h nyq,j je,foa'
md,kh

.i ;=,g fydka ysre t<sh m;s;jk m
wkjYH w;= lmd bj;a lrkak' fk,d.;a wU
f. fi'f.%a' wxYl 52 olajd r;a lr .;a c,fha
kd 03-05 w;r ld,hla .s,ajd ;nkak' ^fuu
WIaK;ajh w; h yels ;rf WIaK;ajhls'
kuq;a ;;amr 10 lg jvd w; .s,ajd ;eh
fkdyelsh& u,a yg .ekSug fmr yd f. l=vd
ld,fha .fiys l|g yd w;=m;rg fydka jk


,Sr kdYlh

c,h ,Sgr 10 l
Y% l< hq;=
m%udKh

.%E' 20
.%E' 20
.%E' 6
.%E' 7
',S' 7
',S' 15
',S' 10
',S' 8

l kgq w. l=Kqu


fuu frda.h lre;fldf,dnka wUj,g
nyq,j je,f|a' frda. ldrlhd jkafka
Botryodiplodia theobromae k ,Srhs'
fuu ,Srho fndfyda wjia:dj, wU .fiysu
;sfnk neka f. l=vd ld,fha u th
wdidokh h yelsh' fuu wjia:df ,Srh
wlS%hj ;s" f. bfok g ls%hdld ;;a;ajhg
m;af' fuh b;d blaukska udxi,hg me;sfrk
neka wdidokh jQ f. wdydrhg .ekSug
fkdyels ;Fjhg blaukau m;af'

md,kh

flfi,a


wU .ia lmamd lsu uska .ia ;=<g
ysret<sh jefuka ,Srh .fia me;su wvq
lsfukao fCIa;%fha isjk wdidokh wvq l<
yelsh' tfiau ,Sr kdYlhla ^uekafldfi& u,a
mSkq miqj;a f. fug fmr;a biSfuka o
fCIa;%fha isjk wdidokh wvq l< yelsh'


;jo f. fydka frE miq lefuka"
lsj,ska ms,siaiSu j,ld,Sfuka iy hdka;%sl ydks
isu wju lr .ekSu ;=,ska fndafydarg frda.
h md,kh lr .; yelsh' tfiau weka;%elafkdaia
frda.h md,kh lsug ksrfoaY lrkq ,nk
wkjYH w;= lmamd lsu iy ,Sr kdYl fhu
uska fuu frda.ho md,kh l< yelsh'

wiajkq fk,Su yd
mYapd;a wiajkq md,kh

flfi,a wjqreoao uq,af,au ,nd.; yels
rifhka yd fmdaIh ;;a;ajfhka Wiia m,;=rls'
f;;a l,dmfha fukau h<s l,dmfhao flfi,a
nyq,j j.d flfr' ksh; wjia:djg jvd fudard
we;s leka lemSu idudkH is;hs' f ksid f.
me,Su ksid is jk ydks je jkjd fukau
m%jdykh lrk ld,h ;=, f. bu ksid tu
f. ydks ug we;s yelshdj o jef' flfi,a
f,,a,g we;s jk hdka;s%l ydks ksid we;s jk
l meye;s iS yd me,a, ksid" bKq f.j,
u;=msg wdlrIh Ndjh wvq lrhs' tfiau flfi,a
leka f,dj,ska m%jdykfha iy b|f wl
is yd ;e,sj,g Ndckh jk neka Yd, miq
wiajkq ydkshla o is f' fufia m%jdykh lr
bojk ,o f.j, rih fukau .=Kd;auh fndfyda

rg wvqf' tneka bKq flfi,a meyem;a iy


wdlrIh fmkqulska ,nd .ekSug .; hq;=
ls%hdudr. ms<sn|j je wjOdkhla fhduq lsu
jeo.;ah'

wiajkq fk,k wjh



flfi,a lek yg .;a kfha isg wiajkq
fk,Sug iqiq wjia:djg m;a ug .; jk ld,h
.Kkh lr wiajkq fk,Su jvd;au iqiq l%uhhs'
O flfi,a m%fNao j, wiajkq fk<Sug iqiqu
wjia:djg flfi,a lek m;aug .; jk ld,h
fjkia f'

wiajkq fk,Su


mqoa.,hka fofofkl= tla leka lemSu l<
hq;=h' tla mqoa.,fhla lf|ys lemqula ouk g
wksla ;eke;a;d iska Tyqf.a lrg flfi,a lek
.; hq;=h'

fuuska lek lemSf lek u jeu
je,elaf' lmd.;a leka w;=reKqjla fyda mr~e,a
u; isria w;g ;efuka isj,ska jk ydksh
fndfyda rg wvq lr .; yelsh'

weisu yd m%jdykh

leka jYfhka f,dj, ;sria w;g megu
idudkHfhka islrk l%uhhs' foaYSh fj<|fmd<g
hef we;sjk iS yd wfkl=;a hdka;s%l ydks
wvqlr,Su i|yd f,dfhys m;=<g yd me;sj,g
l=Ika tlla u l< yelsh' tfiau iEu ia:
rhla w;rgu fmd,s;Ska ia:rhla fhfuka fyda
iaghsfrdaf*da ia:rhla fhfuka leka
tlsfklg we;s,a,Sfuka jk ydksh wvqlr .;
yelsh' flfia fj;;a lekaj, ke fl jk fia
lemSfuka yd m%fYfuka weisfuka jvd;a idr:l
m%;sM, ,nd .; yelsh'

m%jdykh i|yd fhd .; hq;af;a
uekka jd;dY%h mj;sk f,dhls' flfi,a leka
mgjd we;s f,d wl f.fhka Odjk fkdl<
hq;=jdla fukau" tlajru ;sx. fhfuka fyda
f.h ,nd .ekSfuka je<lsh hq;=h' ;jo Wfoa
ld,fha fyda rd;S% ld,fha m%jdykh lsfuka
f,dfha we;=,; we;sjk WIaKFjh wvqlr .;
yelsh' flfi,a leka f,dj,ska msg;g .ekSf
m%fY h hq;= w;r" leka u fkd;eh hq;=h'
yels blaukska boug Ndckh lsfuka f.j,
ndysr fmkqu wdrCId lr.; yelsh'

mYapd;a wiajkq frda.

l l%jqka frd frda.h

l weka;%elafkdaia frda.h


Colletotrichum musae hk ,Srh ksid
fuu frda.h je<foa' fuu ,Srh fCIa;%fha iq,Nj
mj;sk neka wiajkq fk,Sug fmr f. j,g
wdidokh wls%hj mj;S' iajNdlj f. bKq
g fuu ,Srh jrOkh ug mgka .kS' hdka;s%l
ydks ksid f. bug fmr jqjo" fuu frda.h
we;s ug bv ;sf'

md,kh

j.df flfi,a mr~e,a lmd bj;a lr
j.dj msisj mj;ajd .ekSfuka o flfi,a
f.j,g isjk ;=jd, wju lr .ekSfuka o
frda.h md,kh lr .; yelsh' fuu frda.h
nyq,j we;sjkafka flfi,a mrjk f;la bKq
g neka bKq flfi,a blaukska mfNdackh
lsfuka o frda.h je<elah yelsh' ;jo
fCIa;%fha msisNdjh mj;ajd .ekSfuka o
^mr~e,a iy wksl=;a rd hk fldgia bj;a
lsfuka& fuu frda.h md,kh l< yelsh'


flfi,a lemQ wej j, uqkf;ys yg.kakd
,Sr lSmhla ksid fuu frda.h yg.kS'
Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium spp iy
Botryodiplodia theobromae hk ,Sr
lSysmhu fuu frda.h we;s lsug bjy,a f'
wej lemSf;a" fiaf;a" lemQ uQk; u; ,Sr
wdidokh h yelshs'

md,kh

wej fidaok c,h ks;r udre lsfuka
wdidokh jk m%udKh wvq lr .; yelsh'
neiaka ,Sr kdYlfhka .%E tlla j;=r
,Sgrhl hlr lemQ uQk; u; nqreiqjlska
wdf,am lsfuka fuu frda.h md,kh l< yelsh'

mefmd,a

w;r" rifhka o wvqh' ;jo msg fmd;af;ys


jrKh meyem;a fkdjk neka wdlrYh
Ndjfhkao wvqh' fkdfrE mefmd,aj, ls jykh
u je ksid lsj,ska we;s jk me,a,j,ska
u;=msg fmkqf wdlrYh iajNdjh wvqh
yelsh'

fuu ishu lreKq fya;=fldg f.k
mefmd,aj, mYapd;a wiajkq ydksh 40] - 60] l
ugula olajd h yelsh' fuu Yd, kdia;sh
ksid j.dlrejkag ,efnk whu wvq jk w;r"
mdfNda.slhdg je ,la f.ug isf' tksid
ms%hukdm ndysr fmkqulska iy Wiia .=Kd;aufhka
hq;a mefmd,a fj<|fmd,g bm;a lsug .; hq;=
ls%hd udr.hka ms<sn|j fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq
l< hq;=h'

wiajkq fk,Su yd
mYapd;a wiajkq md,kh

mefmd,a" wjqreoao uq,af,au wiajkq ,nd.;
yels .=Kd;aufhka yd fmdaIh .=Kfhka Wiia
Yd, b,aula we;s m,;=rls' f;;a l,dmfha
j.djka ffjria frda.hg md;%f wjku je
neka" nyq, f,i j.d lsu" h<s l,dmhg yd
wka;r udOH l,dmhg iSud we;' wiajkq
fk,Sf yd myrKfha we;s h yels hdka;%sl
ydks uska isjk iS" lemSj,g mefmd,aj,
;sfnk ishque,s mDIaaGh myiqfjkau md;%f'
m%jdyKfha we;sjk ;e,S ksid b we;s
mefmd,aj,g Yd, f,i ydks ish yelsh'

fuu ydks wju lr .ekSu i|yd ksh;
ugug fudard ke;s mefmd,a fk,Su fndfyda g
isf' fujeks mefmd,a ksishdldrj fkdbfok
10

wiajkq fk,k wjh



r neyer fj<|fmd<j,a fj; m%jdykh
i|yd 10] ly meye uo" j.djg wdikakj msys
fj<|fmd<j,a lrd m%jdykh i|yd 20] - 25]
jrKh we;s jQ g o f. fk,sh hq;=h'

w;ska leu l< fkdyels wjia:dj, je
hqKq lrk ,o fllalla Nd;d lsfuka hdka;%sl
ydks wju jkfia f. fk,d .; yelsh'

fr f,a iy r;ak m%fNao i|yd k
wju jYfhka f.fha msg fmd;a; 30] ly
meyehla we;s jQ g muKla wiajekak fk,Su l<
hq;=h'

f;au$fYa% lsu

lD yd hdka;%sl ydks ksid le<e,a we;s jQ"
rjrK" widudkH yevfhka hq;a yd m%udKhg
jvd l=vd fyda Yd, f. f;dard bj;a l< hq;=h'
kg ,xldf f;dard .;a m%fNao Yd, f,i j.d
flfrk neka O m%udKfha f." l=vd" uOHu
iy Yd, f,i fj<|fmd< i|yd fY%a.;
lsfuka by< ,la ,nd.; yelsjdla fukau
m%jdykfha we;sjk ydks o wju lr .; yelsh'

weisu


lvd .kakd ,o mefmd,a f.j, kgqj
my;g isk fia ;efuka ls ;ej msg fmd;a;
rjrK u u yrjd .; yelsh' flfia fj;;a
f. fiafuka ls me,a, fukau l=Kq me,a, o
bj;a l< yelsh'


,E,sj,ska ;kk ,o" tl msg tl megh
yels ,S fm iy ma,diala l+vd wdh weiqre
jYfhka Nd;d lsu iqiqh' iEu f.hlau
weisug m%:u m;a;r lvishlska t;Sfuka f.
tlsfkl u; we;s,a,Su ksid jk ydksh fndfyda
rg wvq lr .; yelsh'

11


T;k ,o f. kgqj my<g isk fia ;ks
ia:rhlg weisu l< hq;=h' wmkhkh i|yd
weisf ;ks ;gqjlg muKla fYaIs;
ldfnda weiqrej, weisu l< hq;=h'

mYapd;a wiajkq frda.


l wka;%elafkdaia frda.h

m%jdykh

wiqrk ,o fm fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk
f,dj,ska m%jdykh l< hq;=h' fuu weiqre"
jrIdfjka fukau ysre t<sfhka o
wdrCId lr.; hq;=h' rd;S% ld,fha fyda Wfoa
mdkaor m%jdykh lsfuka" mefmd,a" wvq
WIaK;ajhla hgf;a m%jdykh l< yelsh'

fj<|fmd<ys wf,h i|yd ;nd ;sfnk
g bKq mefmd,a ;ks ia:rhla f,i m%orYkh
l< hq;=h' kgq w. my;g isk fia ;efuka
;e,Sj,ska jk ydks wvq lr .; yelsh'

jr;udkfha fj<|fmdf<ys fydka b
;sfnk mefmd,aj, fld< meye;s m;a yeve;s
me,a, lsh yelsh' fuh "green islands" f,i
yekaf' fuu ;;a;ajh uyrjd .ekSfuka bKq
f.fhys ndysr fmkqu by< kexh yelshs' f
i|yd foaYSh jr. j, msg fmd;af;a 20] la ly
meyeh jrOkh jQ g;a r;ak iy fr f,a
hk jr. 40] la ly meyeh jrOkh jq g;a"
wiajkq fk,Su l< hq;=h'

fuu ;;a;ajh we;sug n,mdk wksl=;a
idOlh k m%jdyKfha we;sjk hdka;s%l ydkshhs'
fk,d.;a mefmd,a fCIa;%fhau m;a;rj,ska
wdjrKh lr Yla;su;a nkaj, oud ;ks
;gqjlg isk fia weisfuka m%jdykfha isjk
hdka;s%l ydks wvqu ksid fld< meye;s ,m
we;su imQrKfhkau uyrjd .; yelsh'
12


Colletotrichum gloeosporioides k
os,Srh ksid bKq f.j, w meyehg yqre l
mq,a,s we;sjk frda.hls' fuh udxi,hgo me;s
hhs' fuu frda.h fCIa;%fha wdidokh jk neka
j.dj msisj ;nd .ekSfuka frda.h
wvq lr .; yelsh' frda.h nyq,j me;sfrkafka
k fCIa;%fha fuu frda.h md,kh lr .ekSu
i|yd ksrfoaYs; ,Sr kdYlhla biSu l< hq;=h'
^w, ,Sr kdYl i|yd msgq wxl 5 n,kak&'

w,sfmar

wiajkq fk,Su yd
mYapd;a wiajkq md,kh

w,sfmar fmdaIh .=Kfhka Wiia" je
b,aula we;s m,;=rls' ksh; wjia:djg fudard
we;s f. ykd .ekSug we;s wmyiq;djh ksid
fndfyda wjia:dj, fkdfrE f. fk,Su isf'
rj, fk,sf l%u yd r myrKh ksid
fndfyda wjia:dj, f. j,g hdka;%sl ydks
isf' weisu i|yd nka fhd fkd.ekSu;a"
rj, ;Fjhka hgf;a m%jdykh lsu;a ksid
we;sjk ydks ksid w,sfmar f. Yd,
jYfhka wmf;a hhs' tu ld,h ;=," f. frda.
j,g md;%f yelshdj o jeh' tfiau
fkdfrE f. j,ska wl f,i c,h bj;au
ksid msg fmd;a; /,s jefuka wdr:sl jkdlu
wvqf' fufia Yd, f,i isjk wiajkq ydksh
ksid ksIamdolhd fukau mdfNda.slhd o Yd,
wmyiq;djhlg m;af'

ff wjia:dj ksrKh lsu



kg mj;sk fj<| rgdj wkqj f.
tlajru fk,Sfuka fkdfrE f. Yd, m%udKhla
tl;=f' fkdfrE f. fydka fkdbfok ksid;a
/,s jefgk ksid;a" wl f,i kgq w. l=Kqf
frda.hg md;%jk ksid;a Yd, ydkshla isf'
tfiau tajdfha .=Kd;auh fndfyda wvqh'


ff wjia:dj ksrKh lsu i|yd my;
i|yka lreKq tlla fyda je .Kkla Wmfhda.S
lr.; yelsh'
l f.j, m%udKh Yd,f'
l frE f. j, ,sfik iajNdjh wvqh'
l msg fmd;af;a jd isre biau;= fmfka'
l iuyr m%fNaoj, muKla cfha fi,jk y~
weish yelsh'
l cfha fmd;a; ;o Uqre meyef'
l udxi,fhys lS% meye;s jrKhla we;sf'

wiajkq fk,Su

Wofha ms yskq miq f. fk,Su iqiqh'
fk,Sf l;=rla fyda msyshla Nd;d lsfuka
f.h kgqj iu fk,d .; yelsh' je hqKq
lrk ,o fllalla Nd;d lsfuka kgq iu
f. fk,d .ekSug yelsjdla fukau fk,Sf
we;sjk hdka;%sl ydks o j,lajd .; yelsh'

Wi .iaj, we;s f. l+vhlg tl;= lrf.
k m%fYfuka my<g tfuka hdka;s%l ydks j,ska
f;drjq f. ,nd.; yelsh' fk,d .;a f. j,
kgqf w. fldgi f.hg ijk whqka b;s
fldg" kgqf b;s fldgi fjka l< hq;=h'

kg fj<|fmdf,a wkq.ukh lrk l%uh
jkafka kgqj imQrKfhkau f.fhka fjka
lsuhs' tfia lsf f.fha kgqj i jQ
ia:dkhg we;sjk hdka;%sl ydksh ksid CIq
kaf.a wdidokh myiq lrhs' tneka kgqfjys
w. fldgi f.hg i ;su b;du;au
jeo.;a f'

13

f;au yd jr. lsu



lD yd hdka;s%l ydks ksid le,e,a we;s
jq" frda. wdidokh jQ" rjrK jQ yd widudkH
yevfhka hq;a f. bj;a l< hq;=h' tlu jr.hl
w,sfmar m%fNaohla fkdue;s k" f. j, m%udKh
wkqj l=vd" uOHu yd Yd, f,i f;au l<
yelsh' fufia fYa%.; lsfuka weisu myiq f'
tfiau by< <la ,nd .ekSug o yelsf'

mYapd;a wiajkq frda.


l kgq w. l=Kqu

weisu

fk,d.;a w,sfmar f. fmd,s;Ska u" f.daks
wdfha nyd fukau weiqre j,ska f;drj f,dj,
mgjd m%jdykh lsu o idudkHfhka
isf' f wkaoug m%jdykfha Yd, f,i
f.j,g ydks isjk neka we;sjk kdia;sh
jeh'

fuu kdia;sh wvqlr .ekSug k ,E,sj,ska
;kk ,o fm fyda ma,diala fm Nd;d
l< hq;=h' fuu fm j, ia:r 03 g jvd f.
weisu iqiq ke;' weiqre j, m;=,g yd me;s
j,g m;a;r jeks w;=reKqjla fhfuka f.
j,g ish yels iq iS yd ;=jd, wdh
j,lajd .; yelsh'

m%jdykh

wiqrk ,o fm fydka jd;dY%h ,efnk
m f,dj, weish hq;=h' fl,skau jefgk ysre
t<sfhka yd jeiafikao wdrCId jk m m%jdykh
l< hq;=h' wmkhkh i|yd uOHu m%udKfhka hq;a
f. fYaIfhka ;kk ,o ldfnda fmj,
;ks ia:rhla f,i weiSu l< hq;=h' .nvd
lsug iqiq WIaKFjh fi'f.%a' 100 f' fuu
WIaKFjfha w,sfmar i;s 2-3 l ld,hla .nvd
lr.; yelsh'
14


fydka frE w,sfmar k 4-7 la w;r
ld,hl bu isf' lD;Suj bou idudkHfhka
lrkq fkd,ef' bu m%udo jk wjia:dj, iy
kgqj bj;a lsf isjk ;=jd, ksid fuu
frda.h myiqfjka we;sf'


Laseodiplodia theobromae keue;s
os,Srh fuu frda. ldrlhhs' ,m f.j,g fuu
frda.h jemqr je,f|a' wiajkq fk,Sf kgqfjys
uq,a fldgi fkd.,jd f. bug bv yefuka
fuu frda.h we;su j,lajd .; yelsh'

frda.h md,kh lsu i|yd ,Sr kdYl
fhula wjYH fkdf'

l weka;%elafkdaia frda.h


fuh nyq, jYfhka olakg ,efnk frda.hls'
frda. ldrl ,srh Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides k f' fmd;af;ys .sKq l
meye;s ,m we;s u weka;%elafkdaia frda.fha m%Odk
,CIKhhs' fuh udxi,h olajd ys hhs' fuu
frda. ldrl ,Srh fkdfrE f. j,g wdidokh
jQ g wls%hj ;s" bfok g ls%hdld f' fuh
wdidokh jkafka uereKq mgl j,ska" msmsj,ska
iy ;=jd,j,sks'

.i ;=<g ysre t<sh ,efnk m wkjYH
w;= bj;a lsfuka iy u,a yg .ekSug fmr iy
f. yg.;a miq ksrfoaYS; ,Sr kdYlhla
biSfuka fuu frda.h md,kh l< yelsh'
^lreKdlr msgq wxl 5 n,kak&'

isg%ia m,;=re


fv" kdrx" cfnda," f.%amamDD fuu
ldKavfha m,;=re j,g wh;a f' fuu m,;=re
ish,a,u Wiia fmdaIh jkdlulska hqla;h'
ksishdldrj fkdfrE f. leu fuu fNda. j,
mj;sk nrm;,u m%YaKhls' fkdfrE f. hqI
m%udKfhka fukau rifhkao wvqh' tfiau rj,
myrKh ksid iS" ;e,S j,ska jk ydksh
b;du;au jeh' ;jo mes .%ka:s j,g isjk
ydks fya;=fjka f,,af,ys Uqre meye;s ,m we;su
ksid u;=msg fmkqfuys we;s wdlrYhNdjh
wvqf' ,Sr ksid we;sjk l=Kq fya;=fldg
f.ko f. j,g ydks isf'

wiajkq fk,k wjh



isg%ia jr.fha m,;=re" wiajkq fk,Sfuka miq
;jrg;a bula is fkdf' tneka tajd fk,sh
hq;af;a iqiq wjia:djg ffuka miqjh' fkdfrE
f. fk,d .ekSfuka" rifhka wvq m,;=re ,efnk
w;r" tajdfha l,a ;nd .ekSf yelshdjo wvqh'

15

fk,Sug iqiq wjia:dj ksrKh lsug my;


i|yka lreKq tlla fyda lsysmhla Wmfhda.S lr
.; yelsh'
l

f.fhys Yd,Fjh je u

;o fld< meyefhka ,d fld< meyehg yeu

f.fhys we;s uD nj

f,,a, ;=kS u

hqI m%udKh je u yd meyem;a jrKhla


we;s u


lD yd hdka;%sl ydks ksid le,e,a we;s jQ"
rjrK" f,v frda. we;s f. f;dard bj;a l<
hq;=h' Yd," uOHu yd l=vd f,i f. fY%a.;
lr .ekSfuka by< <la ,nd .ekSug yelsjdla
fukau m%jdykfha we;sjk ydks o wju lr .;
yelsh' ,E,sj,ska ;kk ,o tl u; tl megh
yels ,S fm fyda ma,diala fm Nd;d lsu
iqiqh' fmfha m;=,g yd me;sj,g w;=reKqjla
fuka ish yels iq iS ;=jd, mjd j,lajd
.; yelsh'

wiajkq fk,Su

m%jdykh


f,,af,ys u;=msg we;sjk Uqre meye;s ,m
^T,sfhda fif,daisia k ;Fjh& wvq lr .ekSu
i|yd isg%ia wiajkq fk,Su l< hq;af;a
fm'j' 10'00 - m'j' 3'00 olajd ld,h ;=,h'
fuu ld,h ;=, mess .%ka:sj,ska mes msgug
we;s yelshdj wvq ksid tu ;Fjh we;s u wvq
f'


f. wiqrk ,o fm fydka jd;dY%h
,efnk m f,dj, m%fYfuka weish hq;=h'
fl,skau jefgk ysre t<sfhka yd jeiafika o
wdrCId lr .; hq;=h'


tfiau wiajkq fk,Su i|yd wU j,g fhd
.;a fllal Nd;d lsfuka kgqjg by<ska f.
fjka lr .; yelsh' f.fhka weo lef kgqj
i we;s ia:dkfhys f,,af,ys we;s jk ;=jd,h
ksid f,v frda. iEoSug we;s yelshdj jeh'
fk,d .;a f. j, kgqj b;du;a fldgg isk
m msyshlska fjka l< hq;=h' tfiau fld<
lsysmhla kgqjg ijk whqka ;eu fkdl<
hq;=h'

16

f;au yd jr. lsu


wdkhkh lrk ,o fvj, fuka" foaYSh
fvj, f,,af,ys meyem;a ly jrKhla
we;sula is fkdf' flfia fj;;a fydka meiqKq
foaYSh fvj, Wiia .=Kd;aufhka hq;a hqI
je m%udKhla we;' hqKq rgj, fld< meyeh
bj;a lsu fndfyda g is l<;a" foaYSh fv
tfia l<g meyeh ksishdldrj jrOkh fkdjk
ksid;a" wl f,i frda.j,g Ndckh jk ksid;a
tu ls%hdj,sh wjdis iy.;h'

is,a,r fj<|fmdf<ys fv m%orYKh lr
;ef fl,skau jefgk ysre rYafhka
wdrCId lr .; hq;=h' fv .nvd lr ;nkafka
k fi'f.%a' 80 - 100 ;a w;r .nvd l< yelsh'

miq wiajkq frda.


l kgq w. l=Kqu

,Sr kdYl

fuu m%ldYKfhys i|yka ,SrkdYl olajd
we;af;a tajdfha fmd k j,sks' tlS fmd kj,g
wekql+,j fj<|fmdf<ys wf, lrkq ,nk
m<sfndaOkdYl friagdrjrhd iska ,shdmx
lr we;s fj<| k my; olajd ;sf'
,Sr kdYlfha fmd ku
laf,dfrd;ef,dks,a 500 g/l SC

uekafldfi 80] WP

- uekafldfi 80% WP,


uekaflda,a" fmd,sfia"
,sfgdlaia" vhskla 80"
Wksf;aka" iauEIa"
fy,Sia wef.%dfldhdr
uekafldfi" vhsf;aka
M 45, fjdkafvdfi"
IS,a" ukaiq" we.s%f;aka"
we.iagdr uekafldfi"
M 45, uelafi" rhs"
Wf;aka" udrflda"
bkafvd*s, M 45,
fmd,sfia" uekafia


kgqj fl,jrg fuu frda.h je,f|a'
l=Kqjk m%foaYh Uqreuh o meyehla .kS'
l=Kqu l%ufhka my<g ys we;=,; mgl
j,g o ydksf' kgq w. m%foaYfha f,,a,g ;=jd,
fkdjqjfyd;a fuu frda.fhka jk ydksh fndfyda
rg wvq lr .; yelsh' Penicillin ^fmksis,ska&
keu;s ,Srh ksid fuu frda.h iEfoa' wdid;
m%foaYfha mgl uD jk w;r" miqj iq meye;s
,Sr cd,hla we;s fld< meyehg yefr'


fuu ,Srh we;=,a jkafka ;=jd,hlska
ksid hdka;s%l ydks is fkdug j. n,d
.ekSfuka fuu frda.h fndfyda rg md,kh lr
.; yel' f i|yd ,Sr kdYl Nd;d lsu
wjYH fkdf'


;fhda*fka ;hs,a 70] WP

ldfnkavis 50] WP/Wb






ldfnkavis 500

vefldks,a

SC,

frdks,a

- uefk 80, uefkrd"


fmd,srd M,
ifk WP 80%

uefk 80] WP

md,kh

fj<| k

g/l SC

fm%dmsfldkfida,a 250

g/l EL

- ;fhdaf*ka M-70,
fgdmaiska M-70
- ldrka" lekka"
fyda .dr *Q"
fnkair" fpl=vis
50% WP, vjqks"
nq, 50, uelavis"
," ,dia" neiaka
neiaka FL
- ,a" nmr

17

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