Ad Designing.

Mukesh Yadav

Roll No:-23 TYBMM

Types of Broadcasting Media

Television Companies involved in TV programmers can be split roughly into two kinds The broadcasters or networks who transmit programmer via one or more TV channels. The program makers or producers who actually create and film the program and who then supply finished content to a broadcaster. Radio Radio companies can also be split into broadcasters and program makers, though in radio it is much more common for broadcasters to make most of their own programs. Commercial v Non-commercial Another big distinction to be made of both TV and radio companies is whether they are commercial broadcasters or non-commercial broadcasters. Traditionally, by non-commercial broadcaster people meant the BBC, which is, of course, paid for by the license fee. All other broadcasters, who make money by selling advertising and sponsorship, are commercial broadcasters. That said, there are an increasing number of community broadcasters, especially in the radio world. These are local radio stations which are set up with community rather than commercial objectives. Although they may be funded by advertising sales, they are arguably quite different to traditional commercial broadcasters like Capital Radio or LBC.

Types of Transit Advertising:Not to mention that how important the advertising campaign stands for a business but it important to know that which advertising resource would be truly beneficial for your precious business. Usually TV Ads, Billboards and Paper Ads come to the mind and these are effective receptively but there are so many other resources being used by business entities. Transit advertising is also one of the most effective way of business advertising after digital media I.e, TV, Radio etc. Transit Advertising is Further Classified into three main categories: 1.Taxi Advertising 2.Bus Advertising 3.Train Advertising

Taxi Advertising:
Taxi advertising is one of the most effective way of business advertising if used sensibly and also its quite much effective as TV ads with much less cost. Most of the local business prefer taxi advertising because of its low cost and effective results. Its better than other two types of advertising as its free to move in any street of the city.

Bus Advertising:
Bus advertising is also effective but not as much as Taxi Advertising is and the reason is, buses usually follow a specific route and almost carries same peoples daily. Though the ads on the buses are quite attractive but the number of audience entertained by these ads is quite less.

Train Advertising:
Train advertising is almost similar to the bus advertising and ads on it are only seen by those peoples who are waiting for it at the station. The only difference between train and bus advertising is, buses can move freely on the roads of the city but trains have to follow the same route until and unless it gets a new route.

Types Of Internet Advertising:Banner Ads Banner advertising was the first kind of advertising ever done on the net. A banner can highlight your product/service/offer and by clicking on it the user will be taken to your website, where you can create a suitable landing page to provide his further information. Banner spaces are usually sold by impressions, or banner views, but it is sometimes sold by click-thru, when you pay only when the user clicks on the banner. To post a banner ad, you can do either or all of the following:
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Banner exchange where another website displays your ad in exchange of you displaying for them Pay publisher sites to post your banner Pay a banner network to post the banner ad on a number of publisher sites

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Pop-up Ads It's the thing of the past now. With a variety of pop-up blockers available freely, it makes no sense in investing in this form of advertising as it irritates the viewer. Floating Ads These ads appear when you first go to a webpage, and they "float" over the page for five to 30 seconds. While they are on the screen, they obscure your view of the page

you are trying to read, and they often block mouse input as well. These ads appear each time that page is refreshed. Floating ads are popular for several reasons:
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They grab the viewer's attention and cannot be ignored They are animated They have audio/video content like TV ads They can take up the entire screen, therefore from a branding standpoint, they are much more powerful than a banner ad or a sidebar ad They have a high click-through rate of about 3 percent

However, many users get highly irritated because of these ads. Interstitial Ads Interstitial pages are a form of advertisement on the web that appears between web pages that the user requests. Because interstitials load in the background, they are a preferred way of delivering ads that contain large graphics, streaming media, or applets. Unicast Ads A unicast ad is basically a TV commercial that runs in the browser window. It has enriched audio/video content. The ads can last anywhere from 10 to 30 seconds. These ads have similar branding power as a TV commercial. However, a unicast ad offers something that TV ads cannot -- the ability to click on the ad for more information. These ads are getting very effective, as the average click-through rate is 5%. Takeover Ads Viewers visiting the website will see a large ad when they first come, and then the continuity is maintained by reiterating the same message throughout the site in the form of banners, side bars or buttons. The approach works very well for branding because the brand is visible to viewers throughout the visit to the site. Click-through rates are also high.

Contextual Ads Contextual advertising is a type of online advertising commonly used for content-based websites. With contextual advertising, targeted ads appear based on the page's actual content. First, a contextual advertising system scans the text of a webpage for keyword phrases. Then, the system returns specific, targeted ads based on the content people are viewing. This is becoming very popular as the ads can be targeted based on the users' interests.

Types of Direct Marketing:Three main types of direct marketing include: Telemarketing: Direct marketing that involves calling people at home or work to ask for donations, an opinion, or for sales purposes. y Email Direct Marketing: This form of direct marketing targets consumers through their Email accounts. Email addresses can be harvested from websites, forums, or purchased. Some companies require you to receive announcements to use their websites. y Direct Mail Marketing: Advertising material sent directly to home and business addresses. Other types of direct marketing include: distributing flyers; door-to-door solicitations; curbside stands; FAX broadcasting; television marketing (i.e., infomercials); coupon ads in print media; and voice mail marketing.
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Tools for Sales Promotion:Sales promotion is one component of advertising or marketing campaign. Companies use different marketing tools such as reduction in prices, product giveaways, special trial periods, offer sale, coupons, money back offers, point of purchase displays etc. Here is information about most commonly used sales promotion tools: Reduced Costs Offer special discounts to your regular customers. You can offer discount with different conditions like buy more than $ 200 and get 12% discount on total bill etc.

Sale Sale You can offer reduction in prices for all customers for a specified period of time without imposing any condition like 75% off, 50% off etc. This sales promotion tool is usually used by manufacturers to attract new customers. This tool can be used to increase sale in off-seasons that normally doesnt occur. Promotional Periods This tool is also known as special trial periods. You can offer your customers to use a product free for a defined period of time. If a customer doesnt try to return the product or cancel the purchase then you will bill that customer automatically for the product. Point of Purchase Displays This sales promotion tool is used in retail stores to catch attention of a shopper. Offered items may be sale items or seasonal products. These displays are built in a prominent location in the shop. Coupons and Rebates Coupons offer reduction in price of a product during sales transaction. You can give coupons in newspapers or on product packages. Rebates provide customers with a return of their purchase price. Free Samples Using this tool manufacturers invite customers for getting free samples before making buying decisions. Usually manufacturers send small packages to target customers or general public. They can also offer coupons with these samples to increase sale in future. Money Back Offers This tool is best to overcome customers doubts when they are suspicious for quality and reliability of product or service by offering money back guarantee.

Pricing Method:Premium Pricing. Use a high price where there is a uniqueness about the product or service. This approach is used where a a substantial competitive advantage exists. Such high prices are charge for luxuries such as Cunard Cruises, Savoy Hotel rooms, and Concorde flights.

Penetration Pricing. The price charged for products and services is set artificially low in order to gain market share. Once this is achieved, the price is increased. This approach was used by France Telecom and Sky TV. Economy Pricing. This is a no frills low price. The cost of marketing and manufacture are kept at a minimum. Supermarkets often have economy brands for soups, spaghetti, etc. Price Skimming. Charge a high price because you have a substantial competitive advantage. However, the advantage is not sustainable. The high price tends to attract new competitors into the market, and the price inevitably falls due to increased supply. Manufacturers of digital watches used a skimming approach in the 1970s. Once other manufacturers were tempted into the market and the watches were produced at a lower unit cost, other marketing strategies and pricing approaches are implemented. Psychological Pricing. This approach is used when the marketer wants the consumer to respond on an emotional, rather than rational basis. For example 'price point perspective' 99 cents not one dollar. Product Line Pricing. Where there is a range of product or services the pricing reflect the benefits of parts of the range. For example car washes. Basic wash could be $2, wash and wax $4, and the whole package $6. Product Bundle Pricing. Here sellers combine several products in the same package. This also serves to move old stock. Videos and CDs are often sold using the bundle approach. Promotional Pricing. Pricing to promote a product is a very common application. There are many examples of promotional pricing including approaches such as BOGOF (Buy One Get One Free). Geographical Pricing. Geographical pricing is evident where there are variations in price in different parts of the world. For example rarity value, or where shipping costs increase price. Value Pricing. This approach is used where external factors such as recession or increased competition force companies to provide 'value' products and services to retain sales e.g. value meals at McDonalds

Types of Public Relations Activities:

a. Media Relations i. Audio and Video news Releases ii. Website Press Room b. Newsletters (contact info for the client) i. Updates ii. Promotions c. Special Events (Target Audience) i. Audience in the area ii. Tourists iii. Mass media d. Sponsorships (collaboration)

Types Of brands:There are three types: Product Brands, Service Brands, Retail Brands.

Examples of Product Brands: Coca-Cola, Nike, Sony, BMW Examples of Service Brands: Molly Maid, Geek Squad, a CPA, even maybe a Brand Identity house Examples of Retail Brands: Kroger, the Gap, Chick-fil-a It's important to know which of these you are and know how it affects how you build a brand. Here are a few things to keep in mind with each of the three different types of brands. y Product Brands are built based on the experience one has with the product itself. y Service Brands are built on culture, knowledge and an experience one has with the
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people delivering the service. Retail Brands are built on a mixture of both service and products, built on both products and experiences.

Types of Distribution Channels:A distribution channel is the method a company uses to get its products into the marketplace for consumer use. The traditional channel goes from supplier, manufacturer, distributor, wholesaler and retailer. Two types of distribution channels exist: indirect and direct.

Indirect Channel
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The indirect channel is used by companies who do not sell their goods directly to consumers. Suppliers and manufacturers typically use indirect channels because they exist early in the supply chain. Depending on the industry and product, direct distribution channels have become more prevalent because of the Internet.

Direct Channel
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A direct distribution channel is where a company sells its products direct to consumers. While direct channels were not popular many years ago, the Internet has greatly increased the use of direct channels. Additionally, companies needing to cut costs may use direct channels to avoid middlemen markups on their products.

Indirect Channel Methods

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Distributors, wholesalers and retailers are the primary indirect channels a company may use when selling its products in the marketplace. Companies choose the indirect channel best suited for their product to obtain the best market share; it also allows them to focus on producing their goods.

Direct Channel Methods

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Selling agents and Internet sales are two types of direct distribution channels. Selling agents work for the company and market their products directly to consumers through mail order, storefronts or other means. The Internet is an easy distribution channel because of the global availability to consumers.

Types of Promotional Strategies:There are many different types of promotional strategies a company can implement, and promotional products are just one of them. You need to have complete campaign and strategy in place. Here are a few strategies that can be employed.

1. Media releases Media releases are a great way to get information about your product, service or company out to a large amount of potential customers. If you can put information about your product into an interesting story then there is a chance your story will be picked up. Remember it must be interesting for people or it will not be grabbed. 2. Events Is your event going to be memorable? Are people going to feel like friends visiting or like walking wallets? Spend a little extra, make them feel welcome and get to know people. Yes, you are there for a purpose, however people expect a good time at events and you want to make sure they leave with a favorable impression. 3. Networking Networking within your industry and clients is a great way to get yourself and you product noticed. Attend networking functions, have a good story or joke ready, and they will be sure to remember you for the right reasons. 4. Sales Pitches A great sales pitch consists of not only showing the prospect your product. You are also selling yourself. Be likeable, bring along morning or afternoon tea, and be memorable. 5. Follow-up with clients Once you have spoken with a client it is important to follow up my mail or email, if only to confirm with them the items you discussed. This also sets the tone for further talks and reminds them that they are important to you. 6. Promotional products Promotional products can be used to accomplish several things. They can motivate customers to use your product or service, increase attendance at conferences or trade booths, thank loyal customers, for attracting staff, and for rewarding staff. When choosing a promotional product think of the goal you are trying to achieve. 7. Talk to us!! PromoSales consultants are happy to have a chat about what you need from you promotion. We are always interested in hearing from you and want to see your promotion succeed.

Types Of Positioning:y

Positioning on specific product features - A very common approach, especially for industrial products. If your product or service has some unique features that have obvious value this may be the way to go.

Positioning on benefits - Strongly related to positioning on product features. Generally, this is more effective because you can communicate to your customers about what your product or service can do for them. The features may be nice, but unless customers can be made to understand why the product will benefit them, you may not get the sale.

Positioning for a specific use - Related to benefit positioning. Consider Campbell's positioning of soups for cooking. An interesting extension is mood positioning: "Have a Coke and a smile." This works best when you can teach your customers how to use your product or when you use a promotional medium that allows a demonstration.

Positioning for user category - A few examples: "You've Come a Long Way Baby," "The Pepsi Generation" and "Breakfast of Champions." Be sure you show your product being used by models with whom your customers can identify.

Hybrid bases - Incorporates elements from several types of positioning. Given the variety of possible bases for positioning, small business owners should consider the possibility of a hybrid approach. This is particularly true in smaller towns where there aren't enough customers in any segment to justify the expense of separate marketing approaches.

Types Of Pricing strategies:y y y y y y y y y y Penetration pricing: Skimming pricing: Competition pricing Product Line Pricing: Bundle Pricing: Psychological pricing: Premium pricing Optional pricing: Cost Based Pricing: Cost Plus Pricing:

Types of Outdoor advertising:The outdoor media types that exist in the outdoor advertising market at the moment.
                  

Billboard (traditional billboards that you see on buildings and along side the road) Shopping Cart (advertising on shopping carts that are pushed around the stores) Display window (those windows with lights on them advertising movies, new perfumes etc.) Digital Boards (Usually LED boards that have movies, market reports and trailers) Taxi Shelters (Static print advertising often found with new movie releases) Cinema Ads (You know the ads that come before you see the feature movie) Private Vehicles (like taxi adverts just on private vehicles) Lamp Poster (Boards found stuck on lamp posts) Bin Adverts (Advertising found on public bins) Shopping Centre Ads (Adverts on pillons, floors and elevators etc.) School Sponsorships (Having a pageant or sports team that you would like to sponsor) Team Sponsorships (Social Club teams all the way up to professional sports teams) Charity Sponsorship (Local charities always need the help and the advertising makes you look socially responsible) Event Advertising (Flags, banners and etc. can all have your advertising on it) Taxis Advertising (A firm favorite in many big metropolises) Phone Booth (Put your adverts on the side of phone booths) Street Furniture (Advertising on public furniture) Transit Advertising (Trains, buses and planes can all have your logo) Walls cape Adverts (Painting a building can be very eye catching)