CHUYN I: CU TO NGUYN T- BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HO HC- LIN KT HO HC Cu 1: Nguyn t c cu to bi bao nhiu loi ht c bn ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.

Gm c : electron ( v ) ; proton v notron ( ht nhn ) Cu 2: Trong nguyn t, ht mang in l A. electron B. electron v ntron C. proton v ntron D. proton v electron proton mang in tch dng, electron mang in tch m, notron khng mang in, = > lm cho nguyn t trung ha v in Cu 3: Ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t l: A. electron B. proton C. ntron D. proton v ntron nhn nguyn t gm 2 ht, nhng ch c ht proton mang in +
=> B Cu 4: Trong nguyn t, loi ht no c khi lng khng ng k so vi cc ht cn li ? A. proton B. ntron C. electron D. ntron v electron Mi ht e c khi lng rt nh ( v rt nh => nh nn n mi chuyn ng d dng quanh ht nhn ) S liu sgk th c khong 9.1. 10^-31 kg => C Cu 5: Nguyn t flo c 9 proton, 9 electron v 10 ntron. S khi ca nguyn t flo l A. 9 B. 10 C. 19 D. 28 S khi ca nguyn t : A ( dvC ) = s p + s n ( do khi lng e qu nh => cho qua i ) p dng c 9+10 = 19 => chn C Cu 6: S ntron trong nguyn t 39 K l 19 A. 19 B. 20 C. 39 D. 58 Da vo CT cu 5 c : s n = 39-19 =20 => chn B Cu 7: Nguyn t photpho c 16n, 15p v 15e. S hiu nguyn t ca photpho l A. 15 B. 16 C. 30 D. 31 S hiu nguyn t = s in tch ht nhn = s e = s p = 15 => chn A Cu 8: Cp nguyn t no c cng s ntron ? 1 4 3 3 1 3 2 3 A. 1H va2He B. 1H va2He C. 1H va2He D. 1H va2He cch tnh s n nh CT cu 5. => chn D v u c s n = 1 Cu 9: Mt ion c 3p, 4n v 2e. Ion ny c in tch l A. 3+ B. 2C. 1+ D. 1=> in tch ca 1 ion tnh bng tng in tch m ( ca e ngoi lp v ) v in tch dng ( ca p trong ht nhn ) . (*)

3 + ( -2) = +1
Chn C Cu 10: Mt ion c 13p, 14n v 10e. Ion ny c in tch l A. 3B. 3+ C. 1D. 1+ Theo hng dn * ca cu 9 c : 13 + ( -10 ) = +3 Chn B Cu 11: Mt ion (hoc nguyn t) c 8p, 8n v 10e. Ion (hoc nguyn t) ny c in tch l A. 2B. 2+ C. 0 D. 8+ Theo hng dn * ca cu 9 c :8 + ( -10 ) = -2 Chn A Cu 12: ng v l nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t, c s p bng nhau nhng khc nhau s A. electron B. ntron C. proton D. Obitan SGK Ha NC trang 12 bn nh . Cu 13: S khi ca nguyn t bng tng A. s p v n. B. s p v e C. s n, e v p D. s in tch ht nhn. Xem CT cu 5 hoc trong SGK trang 13 bn nh Cu 14: Tng s obitan trong nguyn t c s n v in tch ht nhn Z = 17 l A. 4 B. 6 C. 5 D. 9 => Z = 17 tc l c 17 e lp v. M 2 e nm trong 1 AO . Ta cn ti thiu 9 AO cha chng -1-

Cu 15: Nguyn t ha hc l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng A. s khi B. in tch ht nhn C. s electron D. tng s proton v ntron => nh ngha xem SGK trang 10 bn nh Cu 16: Cu hnh e no sau y ca nguyn t kim loi ? A. 1s22s22p63s23p6 B. 1s2s2s2p63s23p5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p3 D. 1s22s22p63s23p1 . Thy s e lp ngoi cng l 3 < 4 => kim loi Cu 17: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Y trng thi c bn l 1s22s22p5. Vy Y thuc nhm nguyn t A. kim loi kim. B. halogen. C. kim loi kim th. D. kh him. 1s2/ 2s22p5. Thy s e lp ngoi cng l 7 => c trng ca halogen => B Cu 18: trng thi c bn, s obitan s c cha e ca nguyn t c s hiu 20 l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 => vit CHE ra: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 => m thy c 4 Aos => D Cu 19: trng thi c bn, tng s e trong cc obitan s ca mt nguyn t c s hiu 13 l A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 7 CHE: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 => c 6 e trong AO s => chn C Cu 20: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t c s hiu Z = 17 l A. 1s22s22p63s23p44s1 B. 1s22s22p63s23d5 C. 1s22s22p63s23p5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2 S hiu Z = 17 => s e = 17 => da vo vit ChE. Nu cha r bn xem hng dn SGK Ha 11 NC bi 7 nh . Cu 21: Chn cu hnh e khng ng. A. 1s22s22p5 B. 1s22s22p63s2 C. 1s22s22p63s23p5 D. 1s22s22p63s23p34s2

1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s2 3p1

CHE p D sai do phn lp 3p cha in ht ( 3p3 ) in sang phn lp 4s ( 4s2 ) . ng ra phi l

1s22s22p63s23p5 Cu 22: Cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t 26 l A. [Ar]3d54s2 B. [Ar]4s23d6 C. [Ar]3d64s2 D. [Ar]3d8 S hiu Z = 26 => s e = 26 => da vo vit ChE. Nu cha r bn xem hng dn SGK Ha 11 NC bi 7 nh . [Ar] l nguyn t kh him , s hiu 18 . [Ar]3d64s2 : l cch vit rt gn CHE ca nguyn t. Cu 23: Phn lp d y in t (bo ha) khi c s electron l A. 5 B. 10 C. 6 D. 14

phn lp d c 5 AO, trong mi AO cha ti a 2 e=> in s cha c 2.5 = 10 e chn B Cu 24: C bao nhiu e trong cc obitan s ca nguyn t Cl (Z = 17) ? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 => CHE : 1s22s22p63s23p5 => m thy c 6 AOs Cu 25: Cc ion 8O2-, 12Mg2+, 13Al3+ bng nhau v A. s khi B. s electron C. s proton + O + 2 e O2....8...............10 (e) + Mg Mg2+ + 2e 12.............10 (e) + Al Al+3 +3e 13.........10 (e) => S e ca cc ion trn bng nhau v = 10 e => B -2D. s ntron D. 8

Cu 26: Cation M2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, cu hnh e ca nguyn t M l A. 1s22s22p6 B. 1s22s22p63s1 C. 1s22s22p63s2 M M2+ + 2e 2p6 3s2 ......2p6 chn C Cu 27: Anion Y2- c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6, s hiu nguyn t Y l A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D.7

D. 1s22s22p4

B1 : Xd CHE phn lp ngoi cng ca Y : Vit qu trnh nhn e ca Y : Y + 2e Y22p4..........2p6 B2: Vit CHE y ca Y , tnh tng e v = 8 => chn A 40 40 Cu 28: K hiu 18X va20Y dng ch 2 nguyn t: A. ng v. B. ng khi. C. cng s ntron. D. cng in tch ht nhn. ch s trn ch s khi ( hay nguyn t khi ); ch s di ch s hiu ( hay s e, s p, s th t nguyn t trong BTH ) Quan st thy s khi ca X, Y bng nhau = 40 => chn B Cu 29: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 56e v 81n. K hiu nguyn t no sau y l ca nguyn t R ? 81 A. 137 R B. 137 R C. 56 R D. 56 R 56 81 81

s e = 56 --- quan st ch s di thy ch c th l A hoc C. Nguyn t khi ca R = s p + s n = 137 chn A C. 6 D. 3

Cu 30: S e ha tr ca nguyn t c s hiu Z=7 l A. 4 B. 5

Vit CHE ra: ( Z =7 ) : 1s2 / 2s2 2p3 m thy c 5 e lp ngoi cng, gi l e ha tr => chn B Cu 31: Nguyn t c s hiu 24, s ntron 28, c A. s khi 52 C. in tch ht nhn 24 s khi A = s n + s p =52 => chn A Cu 32: Lp e th 3 c bao nhiu phn lp ? A. 1 B. 2 => 3 phn lp : 3s, 3p, 3d Cu 33: S e ti a trong lp th n l A. 2n B. n + 1 C. n2 D. 2n2 C. 3 D. 4 B. s e l 28 D. s p 28

Lp n c n^2 AO, m mi AO cha ti a 2e => Lp n cha ti a 2. n^2 (e) Cu 34: Nguyn t c s hiu 13, c khuynh hng mt bao nhiu e ? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Cch: Vit CHE xc nh s e ha tr , t suy ra khuynh hng nhng, nhn e. cu ny: Z = 13 => 1s2 /2s2 2p6 / 3s2 3p1 => s e ha tr l 3 < 4 => c xu hng nhng i 3e to v bo ha. -3-

Cu 35: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh kim loi mnh nht ? A. Na B. Mg C. Al

D. K

Hiu rng : tnh kim loi l tnh tnh nhng e. Cc kim loi kim d nhng e nht, vy y c th l Na hoc K. Trong cng nhm IA, i t trn xung di, kh nng nhng e tng, do m in gim ( ht e km dn ) . K di Na nn n d nhng e hn Na Chn D Cu 36: trng thi c bn cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s23p4. V tr ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon l A. s 16, chu k 3 nhm IVA. B. s 16 chu k 3, nhm VIA. C. s 16, chu k 3, nhm IVB. D. s 16, chu k 3, nhm VIB. Phn chia tng lp e da vo CHE: 1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s23p4 => Lp ngoi cng c 6e ( gi l e ha tr ) Xc inh v tr ca nguyn t da vo c im: + s: s hiu : cng l tng s e . + chu k : s lp e + nhm : s e ha tr => p dng => chn B Cu 37: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 10p, 10n v 10e. Trong bng HTTH, X A. chu k 2 v nhm VA. B. chu k 2 v nhm VIIIA. C. chu k 3 v nhm VIIA. D. chu k 3 v nhm VA. Xc inh v tr ca nguyn t da vo c im: + chu k : s lp e + nhm : s e ha tr Cu 38:Tng s p, e, n trong nguyn t ca nguyn t A l 28 , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 8. Nguyn t A l A. O (Z=8) B. F (Z=9) C. Ar (Z=18) D. K (Z=19) Dng bi kiu ny c rt nhiu, bn da vo cc tnh cht sau gii: + s p = s e + ht mang in trong nguyn t gm c ht p v ht e. Ht khng mang in l ht n. + s p s n 1.33 s p ( tr nguyn t H) t PT 2 n: s p ( cng l s e ) ; s n . p dng cho bi ton trn , ta t s p = s e = x; s n= y. Ta s c h pt: 2x + y = 28 v 2x y = 8 x = 9 ; y = 10 => chn B. Cu 39: Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34. S ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t B l A. Na (Z=11) B. Mg (Z=12) C. Al (Z=13) D. Cl (Z=17) Da vo hng dn tng qut bi 38 bn s lp c h : 2x +y = 34 v 2x = 1.8333 y Cu 40: Tng s ht p, e, n trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 10. Nguyn t X l A. Li (Z=3) B. Be (Z=4) C. N (Z=7) Ta c: 2 p + n = 10 P N 1.33 P => Chn P = 3, N = 4 ( tha mn ) => A Cu 41: Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht mang in l 128. Trong hp cht, s p ca nguyn t X nhiu hn s p ca nguyn t M l 38. Cng thc ca hp cht trn l -4D. Ne (Z=10)

A. FeCl3

B. AlCl3

C. FeF3

D. AlBr3

t s p ca M v X ln lt l a, b 2a + 2b.3 = 128 v 3b a = 38

a = 13 ( Al)

; b=17 ( Cl)

chn B 2Cu 42:Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB3 bng 82. S ht mang in trong nhn nguyn t A nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nhn ca nguyn t B l 8. S hiu nguyn t A v B (theo th t) l A. 6 v 8 B. 13 v 9 C. 16 v 8 D. 14 v 8 Bi ny c mt ch khc bit c bn so vi nhng bi trn. Nu nh cc bi trn ta xt cc nguyn t, phn t th 2y AB3 l ion. Do ta phi vit qu trnh nhng ( hoc nhn e ) : AB3 + 2e AB32= s e trong AB3 +2 t s e ca A v B ln lt l x, y . Lp PT : 2x + 2y.3 + 2 = 82 x- y = 8 => x = 16 v y =8 Cu 43: Tng s p, e, n trong hai nguyn t A v B l 142, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca B nhiu hn ca A l 12. S hiu nguyn t ca A v B l A. 17 v 29 B. 20 v 26 C. 43 v 49 D. 40 v 52 Hng lm kh quen thuc vi cc bi trn.. t s p ca A, B ln lt l x, y . S n ca A, B ln lt l z, t.
2 s e trong AB3

2x + 2y + z + t = 142
V 2x + 2y z- t = 42 2y 2x = 12 Li c: x z 1.33 x v y t 1.33 y => x = 20 , y =26 => chn B Cu 44: ng c hai ng v 63Cu (chim 73%) v 65Cu (chin 27%). Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l A. 63,45 B. 63,54 C. 64, 46 D. 64, 64 CT tnh Mtb : Mtb= ( M1 . % M1 + M2. % M2 + ... + Mn. % Mn )/ 100 Trong : M1 v % M1 ln lt l khi lng ng v 1 v % tng ng ca n. M2 v % M2 ln lt l khi lng ng v 2 v % tng ng ca n ... Mn v % Mn ln lt l khi lng ng v n v % tng ng ca n. p dng cho bi trn c : Mtb Cu = ( 63 .73 + 65.27 )/100 = 63.54 => B Cu 45: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l A. 34X B. 37X C. 36X D.38X

p dng cng thc cu 44 bn nh.

Cu 46: Mg c 3 ng v 24Mg, 25Mg v 26Mg. Clo c 2 ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. C bao nhiu loi phn t MgCl2 khc nhau to nn t cc ng v ca 2 nguyn t ? A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D.10 Ci ny bn c th p dng ton t hp. Phn t Mg Cl2 to ra t 3 nguyn t : 1 nguyn t Mg v 2 nguyn t Cl . -5-

 S loi phn t MgCl2 = 3 . 2 .2 = 12 => chn C Cu 47: Ion M2+ c s e l 18, in tch ht nhn l A. 18 B. 20 M M2+ + 2e S p = s e = 18 +2 = 20 => chn D. Cu 48: Ion Mx+ c tng s ht l 57. Hiu s ht mang in v khng in l 17. Nguyn t M l A. Na B. K C. Ca D. Ni M Mx+ + xe s e = s p - x s p + s e + s n = 2 s e + s n - x = 57 v 2 s e - x s n = 17 2 . s e - x =37 Chn s e = 19, x = 1 Cu 49: Tng s e trong ion AB- l 34. Chn cng thc ng 2 A. AlO2 B. NO2 C. ClO2 D. CrO2 C. 18+ D. 20+

AB2 + 1e AB2a + 2b ......... a + 2b + 1 => a + 2b = 33 ( nhn qua cc p n u thy n c chung nguyn t O , nhanh nhy cht chn lun ) th hoc a = 8 , hoc b = 8 . => chn b = 8 th a = 17 ( Cl ) chn C Cu 50: Hp cht AB2 c %A = 50% (v khi lng) v tng s proton l 32. Nguyn t A v B u c s p bng s n. AB2 l A. NO2 B. SO2 C. CO2 D. SiO2 M A = s p + s n = 2. s p = 2a M B = s p + s n = 2. s p = 2b => a + 2b = 32 V 2a / ( 2a + 2b.2 ) = 50/100 Gii ra c a =16 ( S ) ; b =8 ( O) chn B Cu 51: Ion X2- c A. s p s e = 2

B. s e s p = 2

C. s e s n = 2

D. s e (s p + s n)= 2

X + 2e X2=> s e trong X2- = s e trong X + 2 = s p +2 => s e s p = 2 Cu 52: Ion X- c 10e, ht nhn c 10n. S khi ca X l A. 19 B. 20 C. 18 S p = s e -1 = 10-1 =9 A = p + n = 19 Cu 53: Ion A2+ c cu hnh e vi phn lp cui cng l 3d9. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t A l A. [Ar]3d94s2 B. [Ar]3d104s1 C. [Ar]3d94p2 D. [Ar]4s23d9 A, C, D khng ng v trong nguyn t, khi phn lp d, f ( nu c ) t gn trng thi bo ha th e phn lp s c xu hng nhy vo phn lp d, f . t bn bo ha or bo ha. VD nh phng n A : . [Ar]3d94s2 [Ar] 3d 10 4s1 ( 1 e t phn lp 4s nhy sang phn lp 3d9 3d10 bo ha ) -6D. 21

Cu 54: Chn pht biu sai: A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8p. C. Nguyn t oxi c s e bng s p.

B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8n. D. Lp e ngoi cng nguyn t oxi c 6e.

Nguyn t c trng bi s p ( hay cn l: s e , s in tch ht nhn, s hiu ) ch khng c trng v s n trong ht nhn. B sai Cu 55: Chn pht biu sai: Trong nguyn t (Tr nguyn t hiro) A. s e = s p. B. s n < s p. C. s khi = s p + s n. D. s p = s in tch ht nhn. CT c cp nhiu bi TN trn: s p s n 1.33 s p ( tr nguyn t H) B sai Cu 56: Lp e ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 4e, nguyn t tng ng l A. kim loi. B. phi kim. C. kim loi chuyn tip. D. kim loi hoc phi kim. 4 e lp ngoi cng cn ty vo tng nguyn t c m in khc nhau m quyt nh ti tnh nhng e ( tnh kim loi ) hay nhn e ( tnh phi kim ) chn D Cu 57: Nguyn t c cu hnh e vi phn ln p c cha e c thn l nguyn t no sau y ? A. N (Z=7) B. Ne (Z=10) C. Na (Z=11) D. Mg (Z=12) Phn lp p c 3 AO li ch cha 3 c thn s e phn lp p ny l 3. Xt th mt s t/h ( nhn p n trc la chn xt phn lp p trong lp no - v s e lp v, trong cc p n cho u tng i nh, c th nhm ming c ). Hoc 2p3 hoc 3p3 Tnh tng s e ca lp v , tng kh nng.. chn 2p3 tng ng vi phng n A .--> chn A Cu 58: Cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon do Mendeleev cng b c sp xp theo chiu tng dn A. khi lng nguyn t. B. bn knh nguyn t. C. s hiu nguyn t. D. m in ca nguyn t. S hiu nguyn t, hay l s th t nguyn t, hay l s in tch ht nhn. Xem c th hn SGK bi 9 Ha NC 10 bn nh.! Cu 59: Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn s ht pronton l 1. Cho bit nguyn t trn thuc loi nguyn t no? A. nguyn t s B. nguyn t p C. nguyn t d D. nguyn t f 2p + n = 40 np=1 p = 13 Vit CHE thy xc nh phn lp ngoi cng ca n : [Ne]3s23p1 nguyn t p Cu 60: Chu k l dy nguyn t c cng A. s lp e. B. s e ha tr. C. s p. D. s in tch ht nhn

L thuyt SGK bi 9, SGK Ha NC 10 trang 37 bn nh. Cu 61: Chn pht biu khng ng. A. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng chu k u c s lp e bng nhau. B. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong chu k khng hon ton ging nhau. C. Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong cng phn nhm c s e lp ngoi cng bng nhau. D. Tnh cht ha hc ca cc nguyn t trong cng nhm bao gi cng ging nhau. Cc nguyn t cng mt nhm th c tnh cht ha hc tng t nhau, do c cng s e lp ngoi cng, nhng khng hon ton ging nhau, do m in ca chng khc nhau kh nng ht ( y ) e khc nhau. -7-

Cu 62: C 3 nguyn t s p u l 12, s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Chn cu sai. A. Cc nguyn t trn l nhng ng v. B. Cc nguyn t trn u cng 1 nguyn t. C. Chng c s ntron ln lt: 12, 13, 14. D. S th t l 24, 25, 26 trong bng HTTH. S th t l xp xp theo s in tch ht nhn ch khng theo trnh t s khi. Cu 63: Trong bng HTTH hin nay, s chu k nh (ngn) v chu k ln (di) l A. 3 v 3 B. 3 v 4 C. 4 v 3 D. 3 v 6 Xem BTH ^^.! Cu 64: Chu k cha nhiu nguyn t nht trong bng HTTH hin nay vi s lng nguyn t l A. 18 B. 28 C. 32 D. 24 Chu k 6 c 32 nguyn t l chu k di nht , chu k 7 cha hon chnh nn khng xt Cu 65: Nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA) cn gi l A. kim loi kim B. kim loi kim th C. halogen D. kh him

Nhm VII A c tn gi l nhm halogen, c trng bi tnh phi kim in hnh. Cu 66: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t X: 1s22s22p63s23p5. Hp cht vi hiro v oxit cao nht ca X c dng l A. HX, X2O7 B. H2X, XO3 C. XH4, XO2 D. H3X, X2O5 Trc ht t CHE xc nh c X c 3 lp e, lp ngoi cng c 7 e X : Cl Hc: HCl ; Cl2O7 chn A Cu 67: Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t X c cng thc XH3. Bit % v khi lng ca oxi trong oxit cao nht ca X l 56,34%. Nguyn t khi ca X l A. 14 B. 31 C. 32 D. 52 Mt cch tng tn, th bi ny ta cn t CT oxit ca X l X2On 16n / ( 2X + 16n) = 56.34/100 TL X , n Xt ln lt vi n = 2,3,... Kt hp vi gt: Hp cht vi hiro ca nguyn t X c cng thc XH3 => chn X: 31 ( P ) => B Nhanh hn, ta nhn qua p n, thy p n C tng ng vi lu hunh , ko c hc no l SH3 loi Tip ci D tng ng vi crom, cng ko c CrH3 loi Ch c th l A( N NH3) , hoc B ( P- PH3 ) n y ta bm my th vi gt th 2 xem ci no tha mn. ( c th m kiu n nu bn bm my nhanh cht ^^ ) Cu 68: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t Y l YO3. Trong hp cht vi hiro ca Y, hiro chim 5,88% v khi lng. Y l nguyn t A. O B. P C. S D. Se Tng t cch lm ca bi 67. t hc : YHn n/ ( Y + n ) = 5.88/100 Cu 69: Tnh cht hoc i lng vt l no sau y, bin thin tun hon theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t ? (1) bn knh nguyn t; (2) tng s e; (3) tnh kim loi; (4) tnh ph kim; (5) m in; (6) nguyn t khi A. (1), (2), (5) B. (3), (4), (6) C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (3), (4), (5) Xem bi 11 SGK Ha NC 10 hiu r hn bn nha. p n D Cu 70: Trong chu k, nguyn t thuc nhm no c nng lng ion ha nh nht ? -8-

A. Phn nhm chnh nhm I (IA). C. Phn nhm chnh nhm III (IIIA).

B. Phn nhm chnh nhm II (IIA). D. Phn nhm chnh nhm VII (VIIA).

Nng lng ion ha l nng lng cn tch e ra khi nguyn t . Cc nguyn t thuc nhm kim loi kim IA c m in tng i nh d dng tch e nng lng ion ha nh nht. Cu 71: Trong cng mt phn nhm chnh, khi s hiu nguyn t tng dn th A. nng lng ion ha gim dn. B. nguyn t khi gim dn. C. tnh kim loi gim dn. D. bn knh nguyn t gim dn. Trong cng mt phn nhm chnh, i t trn xung di, s hiu tng dn, m in gim dn kh nng tch e gim dn nng lng ion ha gim dn. Cu 72: m in l i lng c trng cho kh nng ca nguyn t A. ht e khi to lin kt ha hc. B. y e khi to thnh lin kt ha hc. C. tham gia cc phn ng ha hc. D. nhng hoc nhn e khi to lin kt. Ci ny thuc v l thuyt tha nhn. Bn c th c thm SGK Ha NC 10 bi 11 trang 47 Cu 73: Halogen c m in ln nht l A. flo B. clo C. brom D. Iot

XF ~4 ( max ) ( tn ny ht e th khng ai bng ^^) Cu 74: Dy nguyn t no sau y c xp ng theo th t gim dn m in ? A. F, O, P, N. B. O, F, N, P. C. F, O, N, P. D. F, N, O, P. Xt 3 nguyn t N, O, F cng chu k 2 c m in tng dn t N F Xt trong cng nhm VA c m in gim dn t N P

kt hp c chiu m in gim dn t F P
Cu 75: Chn oxit c tnh baz mnh nht A. BeO B. CO2 C. BaO D. Al2O3

Tnh bazo ca oxit nh gi qua mnh ca bazo tng ng ca n . Ba(Oh)2 c tnh bazo mnh hn cc bazo Be(OH)2; Al(OH)3 , cn CO2 l oxit axit ko c tnh bazo Cu 76: Cho oxit cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7. Theo trt t trn, cc oxit c A. tnh axit tng dn. B. tnh baz tng dn. C. % khi lng oxi gim dn. D. tnh cng ha tr gim dn. Tnh axit nh gia qua mnh yu ca axit tng ng vi oxit . Ch : Ch oxit axit mi c th to axit ( khi td vi H2O ) , cn oxit bazo ko c kh nng ny. C th thy ngay t Na2O MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 l cc oxit bazo n oxit axit tnh axit tng dn Cu 77: Cc ion A2- v B2- u c cu hnh bn ca kh him. S hiu nguyn t hn km nhau 8 n v, thuc 2 chu k lin tip. A v B l A. C v Si B. N v P C. S v Se D. O v S V A2- v B2- c Che ca kh him, s hiu hn km nhau 8 n v A, B cng thuc nhm VI A . Vy ch c th l p n C hoc D. Nhng S v Se li hn km nhau 18 n v s hiu loi Vy ch c th l O v S => D Cu 78: Chn th t tng dn bn knh nguyn t ca cc kim loi kim A. Li< Na< K< Rb< Cs B. Cs< Rb< K< Na< Li -9-

C. Li< K< Na< Rb< Cs

D. Li< Na< K< Cs< Rb

y u l cc nguyn t thuc nhm kim loi kim IA i t trn xung di, bn kinh nguyn t tng dn Li< Na< K< Rb< Cs Cu 79: Xp Al, Si, Na, K, Mg theo chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn. A. K, Na, Mg, Al, Si B. Si, Al, Mg, Na, K C. Na, K, Mg, Si, Al D. Si, Al, Na, Mg, K Xt trong chu k 3, i t tri sang phi, bn kinh nguyn t gim dn chiu bn knh nguyn t tng dn l t phi sang, tc l: Si, Al, Mg, Na, K Cu 80: Cc ion hoc cc nguyn t sau Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ u c 18e. Xp chng theo chiu bn knh gim dn. A. Ar, Ca2+, ClB. Cl-, Ca2+, Ar C. Cl-, Ar, Ca2+ D. Ca2+, Ar, ClCht cho e => bn knh gim Cht nhn e => bn knh tng

Trong mt chu k: Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn => R phi kim tng Cl + e => Cl- ; Ca 2e => Ca2+ => Cl- > Ar > Ca2+ => C
Cu 81: Nguyn t no sau y c tnh phi kim mnh nht ? A. I B. Cl C. F D. Br

Tnh phi kim l tnh ht e F c m in ln nht nn ht e tn nht tnh phi kim in hnh nht Cu 82: Tnh cht no sau y ca cc nguyn t gim dn t tri sang phi trong 1 chu k A. m in B. tnh kim loi C. tnh phi kim D. s oxi ha trong oxit i t tri qua phi l cc kim loi, kim, phi kim v cui cng l kh tr. Cu 83: Trong bng HTTH, cc nguyn t c tnh phi kim in hnh v tr A. pha di bn tri B. pha trn bn tri C. pha trn bn phi D. pha di bn phi

Tnh phi kim in hnh nhm halogen , tiu biu nht l nguyn t flo. Bn bit v tr ca n ch ? ^^ s 9, pha trn bn phi. Cu 84: Cc nguyn t h d v f (phn nhm B) u l A. kim loi in hnh B. kim loi C. phi kim Theo BTH nh ngha SGK => Nhm B l nhm kim loi Cu 85: Tnh axit ca cc oxit axit thuc phn nhm chnh V (VA) theo trt t gim dn l A. H3SbO4, H3AsO4, H3PO4, HNO3 B. HNO3, H3PO4, H3SbO4, H3AsO4 C. HNO3, H3PO4, H3AsO4, H3SbO4 D. H3AsO4, H3PO4, H3SbO4, HNO3 HNO3 l axit rt mnh, ch sau anh HclO4 thi. H3PO4 ui hn nhiu. Ch td vi cc KL mnh, bazo mnh. H3AsO4, H3SbO4 th cng yu, gn nh chng bao gi ngi ta dng axit ny. Cu 86: Trong cc hidroxit sau, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ? A. Be(OH)2 B. Ba(OH)2 C. Mg(OH)2 D. Ca(OH)2 Trong mt nhm : Theo chiu t trn xung => Tnh bazo tng dn => Be(OH)2 < Mg(OH)2 < Ca(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2 => B Cu 87: Dy cht no sau y c sp xp ng theo th t tnh axit gim dn ? A. H2SiO3, HAlO2, H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4 B. HClO4, H3PO4, H2SO4, HAlO2, H2SiO3 C. HClO4, H2SO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 D. H2SO4, HClO4, H3PO4, H2SiO3, HAlO2 HClO4 l axit v c mnh nht ( tnh ti hin ti l vy ) H2SO4 tng i mnh - 10 D. phi kim in hnh

H3PO4 yu hn nhiu H2SiO3 kt ta, ko to d d axit HAlO2 yu qu khng tn ti trong d d . Cu 88: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l 1s22s22p63s1. Bit rng X c s khi l 24 th trong ht nhn ca X c: A. 24 proton B. 11 proton, 13 ntron C. 11 proton, 11 s ntron D. 13 proton, 11 ntron S p = s e = 11e ( m theo CHE ) s n = s khi s p = 24 -11 = 13 chn B Cu 89: Mt nguyn t (X) c 13 proton trong ht nhn. Khi lng ca proton trong ht nhn nguyn t X l: A. 78,26.1023 g B. 21,71.10-24 g C. 27 vC D. 27 g 1 p nng 1,67 . 10 -27 kg 13 p nng : 13 . 1,67 . 10 -27 = 21,71.10 -27 kg = . 21,71.10-24 g Cu 90: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t X l: A. nguyn t s B. nguyn t p C. nguyn t d D. nguyn t f Mi phn lp p cha ti a 6e ( c 3 AO m ) s phn lp p trong X = [ 11/6] + 1 = 2 X : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 X : nguyn t p Cu 91:Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt km cht ch vi ht nhn nht? A. lp K B. lp L C. lp M D. lp N Lp e ngoi cng lin kt vi ht nhn km nht ( th nn mi d tch e lp ngoi trong cc p ) . Trong 4 p/a thy N l lp ngoi nht chn N Cu 92:Nguyn t lu hunh S nm th 16 trong bng h thng tun hon. Bit rng cc electron ca nguyn t S c phn b trn 3 lp electron (K, L, M). S electron lp L trong nguyn t lu hunh l: A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 2 th 16 c 16 e lp v 1s2/ 2s2 2p6/ 3s2 3p4 L tng ng vi lp th 2 c 8 e Cu 93: Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng cng l 6, cho bit X l nguyn t ha hc no sau y? A. oxi(Z = 8) B. lu hunh (z = 16) C. Fe (z = 26) D. Cr (z = 24) Mi phn lp s cha ti a 2e ( 1 AO ) s phn lp s trong nguyn t X = 6/2 = 3 CHE: 1s2/ 2s2 2p6 / 3s2 3p4 Z = 16 ( S ) Cu 94: Mt anion Rn- c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B c th l A. 3p2 B. 3p3 C. 3p4 hoc 3p5 D. A, B, C u ng nR + ne R s e lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R = 6 n Ty vo GT ca n m A, B, C u c th tha mn. Cu 95: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht bng 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22 ht. in tch ht nhn ca R l: A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26 Xem li cu 38 c hng dn chi tit cch gii dng ny ri. p dng th n: 2p + n = 82 2p n = 22 - 11 -

Cu 96: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht bng 115. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l: 80 90 45 1 15 A. 35 X B. 35 X C. 35 X D. 35 X Xem li cu 38 c hng dn chi tit cch gii dng ny ri. p dng th n: 2p + n = 115 2p n = 25 Cu 97: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 180. Trong cc ht mang in chim 58,89% tng s ht. Nguyn t X l nguyn t no? A. flo B. clo C. brom D. iot Xem li cu 38 c hng dn chi tit cch gii dng ny ri. p dng th n: 2p +n = 180 2p / ( 2 p + n ) = 58.89/100
2 Cu 98:Trong anion XY 3 c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s ntron. X v Y l nguyn t no sau y? A. C v O B. S v O C. Si v O D. C v S

Y 2 s p = s n ( gt) x + 3y = 30 ( s p trong anion X 3 = s p trong XY3) chn X, Y

Cu 99: Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong X- nhiu hn trong M+ l 16. Cng thc ca MX3 l : A. CrCl3 B. FeCl3 C. AlCl3 D. SnCl3 2 Xm + Zm + ( 2 Xx + Zx ) .3 = 196 2Xm + 2Xx.3 ( Zm + Zx.3 ) = 60 Xx + Zx (Xm + Zm )= 8 (2Xx + Zx + 1 ) ( 2Xm + Zm 1 ) = 16 Cng v cc pt ph hp gii ra. ^__^ Cu 100: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l: A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10

Vit Che da theo s e lp v . Ci ny nu cha r bn c th xem li bi 7 SGK Ha NC 10 . Cu 101: Cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t: 9X: 1s22s22p5 ; 11Y: 1s22s22p63s1 ; 13Z: 1s22s22p63s23p1 ; 8T: 1s22s22p4. Ion ca 4 nguyn t trn l: A. X+, Y+, Z+, T2+ B. X-, Y+, Z3+, T2C. X-, Y2-, Z3+, T+ D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T-

Xc nh s e ha tr xu hng to ion ca nguyn t .( s e ha tr <4 xu hng nhng e to ion dng; s e ha tr > 4 xu hng nhn e to ion m ) - Xt CHE nguyn t X, Y, Z, T: 9X: 1s2/ 2s22p5 ; s e ha tr : 7 >4 xu hng nhn thm : 8 -7 = 1 e X11Y: 1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s1 ; s e ha tr : 1 <4 xu hng nhng 1 e Y+ 13Z: 1s2/ 2s22p6/ 3s23p1 ; s e ha tr : 3 <4 xu hng nhng 3e Z3+ 8T: 1s2/ 2s22p4. s e ha tr : 6 xu hng nhn thm : 8 -6= 2 e T2 chn B - 12 -

2 2 Cu 102: Tng s electron trong anion AB 3 l 40. Anion AB 3 l: 2 A. SiO 3

O 2 B. C 3

2 C. SO 3

2 D. ZnO2

eA + 3. eB +2 = 40 c th lun ra eA, eB . Nhng lt qua cc p n thy chng u c O trong ion. chn lun B l Oxi , eB =8 2 2 eA = 14 A : Si => Anion AB 3 l: SiO 3 Cu 103: Mt cation Rn+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t B c th l A. 3s2 B. 3p1 C. 3s1 D. A, B, C u ng R Rn+ + ne s e phn lp ngoi ca R = 0 + n = ne Vi cc gi tr n = 1,2,3 ( < 4 ) ta c phn lp ngoi tng ng l 3s1 , 3s2. 3p1 => chn D
16 11 18 Cu 104: Oxi c 3 ng v 18 O, 18 O, 18 O . Cacbon c hai ng v l: t kh cacbonic c to thnh gia cacbon v oxi? A. 11 B. 12 C. 13

12 6

C , 13C . Hi c th c bao nhiu loi phn 6

D. 14

Phn t CO2 c to ra t 1 nguyn t C v 2 nguyn t O. Dng php t hp c s loi phn t CO2 to ra l : 2. ( 3.3 3 ) = 12 => B Cch khc T hp xc xut => Chn 1 trong 2 C nhn vi 2 Oxi trong 3 oxi => C1(2) . C2(3) = 2.6 = 12 16 17 18 1 2 3 Cu 105: Hiro c 3 ng v 1 H , 1 H , 1 H v oxi c ng v 18 O, 18 O, 18 O . C th c bao nhiu phn t H2O c to thnh t hiro v oxi? A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 20 Phn t H2O c to ra t 2 nguyn t H v 1 nguyn t O s loi phn t H2O to ra l: ( 3.3 -3 ).3 = 18 => C Cch khc: Chn 1 Oxi trong 3 oxit v 2 H trong 3 H => C1(3) . C2(3) = 3 . 6 = 18 => C 3 5 3 7 l l Cu 106: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5. Clo trong t nhin c 2 ng v l C v C . Phn trm v
37 1 6 1 khi lng ca 17 Cl cha trong HClO4 (vi hiro l ng v 1 H , oxi l ng v 8 O ) l gi tr no sau y? A. 9,40% B. 8,95% C. 9,67% D. 9,20%

Gi % ng v %m
37 17

37 17

Cl l x % % ng v

3 5

C l (100 x ) % l
37 17

Dng cng thc nguyn t khi TB ( c th xem SGK Ha 10 NC trang 13) => %

Cl = 25%

Cl trong HclO4 = ( 25/100 .37 ) / ( 25/100. 37 + 75/100 . 35 + 1 + 16 .4 ) . 100% = 9.204 % => D

Cu 107: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y2-. Mi ion u c 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn. Tng s proton trong X+ bng 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2- l 50.Bit rng hai nguyn t trong Y2- cng phn nhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon. Cng thc phn t ca M l: A. (NH4)2SO4 B. NH4HCO3 C. (NH4)3PO4 D. (NH4)2SO3 X+ c 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn => s Z trung bnh = 11/5 = 2.2 => phi c 1 tn l H ( Z =1 ) n y c th lp bng xt s nguyn t H tng ng vi Z ca nguyn t nguyn t cn li . Hoc nhm ming chn Z ph hp : Nu s nguyn t H l 1,2,3 th khng c nguyn t no c gi tr Z ph hp. Nu s H l 4 th nguyn t cn li c Z =7 ( N ) => X+ : NH4+ tng s electron trong Y2- l 50 Y = 50 -2 = 48 Do hai nguyn t trong Y2- cng phn nhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon nn nguyn t 2 nguyn t c s in tch ht nhn ( Z ) cch nhau 8 v . Mo c nh : Lt qua cc p n no : thy cc ui anion u cha nguyn t O => nhm VI ri ^^ => nguyn t cn li l S lun. Th li gt tng s electron trong Y2- l 50 thy ng l okie ri . ! => A Cu 108: Trong nhng hp cht sau y, cp cht no l ng v ca nhau: 16 17 40 40 r A. 19 K v 18 A B. 8 O v 8 O C. O2 v O3 - 13 -

D. kim cng v than ch

Nh li khi nim ng v mt cht nh: Cc nguyn t cng s p nhng khc nahu v s N ( hay s khi A ) chn B
A Cu 109: K hiu nguyn t Z X cho bit nhng iu g v nguyn t X? A. S hiu nguyn t. B. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t. C. S khi ca nguyn t. D. S hiu nguyn t v s khi. A Z

X : s hiu ( =s p = s e = s Z ) l Z . S khi l A

2 34 2 35 Cu 110: Ta c 2 k hiu 92 U v 92 U , nhn xt no sau y l ng? A. C hai cng thuc v nguyn t urani. B. Mi nhn nguyn t u c 92 proton. C. Hai nguyn t khc nhau v s electron. D. A, B u ng.

D thy

23 4 92

U v

23 5 9 2

U l 2 ng v ca nguyn t Urani ( U ) nn c s p = s e = s Z = 92 => D

A Cu 111: Trong k hiu Z X th: A. A l s khi xem nh gn bng khi lng nguyn t X. C. Z l s electron lp v. A Z

B. Z l s proton trong nguyn t X. D. C A, B, C u ng.

X : s hiu ( =s p = s e = s Z ) l Z . S khi l A
C. 3 electron D. 4 electron

Cu 112: Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a A. 1 electron B. 2 electron

ci ny ch cng nhn thi. Bn c th xem thm v AO ti bi 4 SGK Ha 10 NC Cu 113: Pht biu no sau y l sai: A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t. B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron. C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t. D. S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v s ht ntron. S p = s e nhng cha chc s p = s n ( Chnh v l do ny nn mi c s phn bit ng v ca nguyn t ) Cu 114: Mnh no sau y khng ng? A. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l 1 : 1. B. Ch c trong nguyn t magi mi c 12 electron. C. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c 12 proton. D. Nguyn t magi c 3 lp electron. A sai . Mnh c th v d mt ng v ca nguyn t Oxi cng c TL p: n = 1: 1 trong nguyn t Cu 115: Obitan nguyn t l A. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh v tr electron ti tng thi im. B. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh c v tr ca 2 electron cng mt lc. C. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn trong kh nng c mt electron l ln nht. D. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s tm ni Ci ny theo khi nim trong SGK bn c th chn c ngay. Nhng nu khng nh, bn c th suy lun loi tr : A. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh v tr electron ti tng thi im. B. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh c v tr ca 2 electron cng mt lc. e chuyn ng hn on quanh ht nhn. V th khng th xc nh c v tr chnh xc ca n ti 1 thi im . D. Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s tm ni AO dng hnh cu , s 8 ni ch l mt loi , cn rt nhiu hnh dng Ao khc nh: hnh phao bi, hnh cnh hoa u - 14 -

Cu 116: Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l cc khe rng gia cc qu cu, cho KLNT ca Fe l 55,85 200C khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,78 g/cm3. Cho Vh/c = r3. Bn knh nguyn t gnngca Fe l: A. 1,44.10-8 cm C. 1,97.10-8 cm B. 1,29.10-8 cm D. Kt qu khc. Cu 117: Trong cc cu hnh electron sau, cu hnh no vit sai? 2 2 1 2 1 A. 1s2 2s2 2 p x 2 p y 2 p z B. 1s2 2s2 2 p x 2 p y 2 1 1 1 1 C. 1s2 2s2 2 p x 2 p y 2 p 1 D. 1s2 2s2 2 p x 2 p y 2 p z z Cu 118: Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v c t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca R c 35 ht proton. ng v th nht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi nhiu hn ng v th nht l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l bao nhiu? A. 79,2 B. 79,8 C. 79,92 D. 80,5 Cu 119: Cu hnh no sau y vi phm nguyn l pauli: A. 1s2 B. 1s22s2 2p3 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 D. 1s2 2s2 2p4 Cu 120: Bit rng khi lng ca 1 nguyn t oxi nng gp 15,842 ln v khi lng ca nguyn t cacbon nng gp 11,9059 ln khi lng ca nguyn t hiro. Nu chn khi lng ca mt nguyn t ng v cacbon 12 lm n v th O, H c nguyn t khi l: A. 15,9672 v 1,01 C. 15,9672 v 1,0079 B. 16,01 v 1,0079 D. 16 v 1,0081 Cu 121: N.t M c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p4. Phn b electron trn cc obitan l: A. C.

B. D.

Cu 122: Trong cc nguyn t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 1 eletron c thn A. 6. B. 8. C. 5. D. 7. Cu 123: Ht nhn ca ion X+ c in tch l 30,4.10-19 culng. Vy nguyn t l: A. Ar B. K C. Ca D. Cl Cu 124: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t: A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br. Cu 125: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon c tng s n v in tch ht nhn l 25. A, B l A. Li, Be B. Mg, Al C. K, Ca D. Na, K Cu 126: Nguyen t X, ion Y2+ va ion Z- eu co cau hnh e la 1s22s22p6. X, Y, Z la kim loai, phi kim hay kh hiem? A. X: Phi kim; Y: Kh hiem; Z: Kim loai. B. X: Kh hiem; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loai . C. X: Kh hiem; Y: Kim loai; Z: Phi kim. D. X: Kh hiem; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loai . Cu 127: So electron trong cac ion sau: NO3- , NH4+ , HCO3- , H+ , SO42- theo th t la: A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50 B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48 C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46 D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50. Cu 128: Nguyen to Cu co nguyen t khoi trung bnh la 63,54 co 2 ong v X va Y, biet tong so khoi la 128. So nguyen t ong v X = 0,37 so nguyen t ong v Y. Vay so ntron cua ong v Y t hn so ntron cua ong v X la: A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1 Cu 129: Trong phan t MX2. Trong o M chiem 46,67% ve khoi lng. Hat nhan M co so ntron nhieu hn so proton la 4 hat. Trong nhan X so ntron bang so proton. Tong so proton trong phan t MX2 la 58. CTPT cua MX2 la A. FeS2 B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2 - 15 -

Cu 130: Nguyen t cua nguyen to R co tong so hat p,n,e bang 18 va so hat khong mang ien bang trung bnh cong cua tong so hat mang ien.Vay so electron oc than cua nguyen t R la A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 131: Day nao sau ay c sap xep theo th t giam dan cua ban knh nguyen t va ion? Chon ap an ung: A . K+ > Ca2+ > Ar B. Ar > Ca2+ > K+ C. Ar> K+> Ca2+ D. Ca2+> K+> Ar. Cu 132: Hp chat co cong thc phan t la M2X vi :Tong so hat c ban trong mot phan t la 116, trong o so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 36. Khoi lng nguyen t cua X ln hn M la 9. Tong so hat trong X2nhieu hn trong M+ la 17. So khoi cua M, X lan lt la : A. 23, 32 B. 22, 30 C. 23, 34 D. 39, 16 Cu 133: a. Cho nguyn t R, Ion X2+, va ion Y2- co so electron lp vo bang nhau. S sap xep ban knh nguyn t nao sau ay la ung. A. R < X2+ < Y2-. B. X2+ < R < Y2- C. X2+ < Y2-< R. D. Y2- < R < X2+. b. Cho cc ht vi m: O2-, Al3+, Al, Na, Mg2+, Mg. Dy no sau y c xp ng th t bn knh ht ? A. Al3+< Mg2+ < O2- < Al < Mg < Na. B. Al3+< Mg2+< Al < Mg < Na < O2-. C. Na < Mg < Al < Al3+<Mg2+ < O2-. D. Na < Mg < Mg2+< Al3+< Al < O2-. Cu 134: Trong cc nguyn t t Z =22 n Z = 30. Nguyn t no c nhiu electron c thn nht: A. Z =22 B. Z =24 C. Z =25 D. Z =26. Cu 135: Nguyen to X thuoc loi nguyen to d, nguyen t X co 5 electron hoa tr va lp electron ngoai cung thuoc lp N. Cau hnh electron cua X la: A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3. Cu 136: Mot nguyen t X cua mot nguyen to co ien tch cua hat nhan la 27,2.10-19 Culong. Hat nhan cua nguyen t co khoi lng la 58,45.10-27 kg. Cho cac nhan nh sau ve X: (1). Ion tng ng cua X se co cau truc la: 1s22s22p63s23p6. (3). X co 1 electron oc than. (2). X co tong so obitan cha e la: 10. (4). X la mot kim loi. Co bao nhieu nhan nh khong ung trong cac nhan nh cho tren: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 137: Hai nguyn t X, Y hai nhm A lin tip trong bng tun hon. X thuc nhm V. trng thi n cht X v Y khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca X v Y bng 23. Hai nguyn t X, Y l A. N, O B. N, S C. P, O D. P, S S p trung bnh = 23/2=11.5 , trong c nguyn t X thuc nhm V=> X c th l O ( Z = 8) hoc S ( Z = 16 ) tng ng vi c Y l P ( Z = 15 ) hoc N ( Z =7 ) M X ko p vi Y cp X; Y = ( O; P ) b loi (X;Y) = ( S ; N ) B Cu 138: A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn ca A v B l 32. Hai nguyn t l A. Mg v Ca B. O v S C. N v Si D. C v Si A v B l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. => s p chnh lch nhau 8 n v . GS ZA < ZB => ZA + ( ZA + 8 ) = 32 => ZA = 12 ( Mg ) => chn A Cu 139: Trong c c nguy n t c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 2 eletron c thn A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6. CHE : ( Z=1 )1s1 ( Z =20 ) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 - 16 -

Cc nguyn t t Z = 1 Z = 20 c CHE nguyn t chi gm cc phn lp s, p. Phn lp s ch to ti a 1 e c thn. ( do c 1 AO nn cha ti a 2 e hoc 1 e c thn ) Phn lp p c 2 kh nng to 2 e c thn, l np2 v np4

1s1

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 c phn lp p l : 2p v 3p S trng hp ( s nguyn t ) to 2 e c thn = 2 .2 = 4 Cu 140: Trong nguyn t, electron ha tr l cc electron A. c thn. B. phn lp ngoi cng. C. obitan ngoi cng. D. tham gia to lin kt ha hc. Electron ha tr : electron linh ng d dng nhy t nguyn t ny sang nguyn t khc, l c s hnh thnh llieen kt ha hc . S e ha tr = s e lp ngoi . Cu 141: S e ha tr trong nguyn t clo (Z = 17) l A. 5 B. 7 C. 3 D. 1

1s2 /2s2 2p6 / 3s2 3p5 => lp 3 c 7 e => 7e ha tr Cu 142: S e ha tr trong nguyn t crom (Z = 24) l A. 1 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4

PMNL: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4 CHE: 1s2 / 2s2 2p6 / 3s2 3p6 / 3d5 4s1 => s e ha tr = 6 Cu 143: Bn cht ca lin kt ion l lc ht tnh in gia A. 2 ion. B. 2 ion dng v m. C. cc ht mang in tri du. D. nhn v cc e ha tr. S hnh thnh lin kt ion bn tham kho SGK Ha 10 nC bi 16 trang 68 nha.! Cu 144: Lin kt ion to thnh gia hai nguyn t A. kim loi in hnh. C. kim loi v phi kim. B. phi kim in hnh. D. kim loi in hnh v phi kim in hnh.

Do kim loi v phi kim in hnh d dng nhng, nhn e to ion + v ion - => hnh thnh LK ion Cu 145: Nhm hp cht no sau y u l hp cht ion ? A. H2S, Na2O. B. CH4, CO2. C. CaO, NaCl. D. SO2, KCl.

Cc Hc trn u to bi 2 nguyn t . Xem iu kin cu 144 => chn C : Do: Ca v Na l KL in hnh . O v Cl l PK in hnh. Cu 146: in ha tr ca Mg v Cl trong MgCl2 theo th t l A. 2 v 1. B. 2+ v 1-. C. +2 v -1. D. 2+ v 2-

Cch ghi in ha tr: in ha tr = [ ha tr ] + [ du ca in tch ] Ch : Phn bit cch vit s oxi ha v in ha tr bn nh.! Tham kho thm bi 22 SGK Ha 10 NC Cu 147: Hu ht cc hp cht ion A. c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. C. trng thi nng chy khng dn in. B. d ha tan trong cc dung mi hu c. D. tan trong nc thnh dung dch khng in li.

A ng: Hu ht hp cht ion c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao do lin kt ion phn cc mnh => thng hnh thnh mng tinh th bn vng. B sai: do phn t LK ion phn cc mnh tan tt trong cc dung mi phn cc ( nh H2O ^^ ) v t tan trong dung mi khng phn cc , m a s cc dung mi hu c u khng phn cc. C sai do: Khi nng chy cc e dch chuyn hn n dn in tt D sai do tnh phn cc ca cc hp cht LK ion nn khi ha tan vo H2O chng d dng phn li thnh ion + v ion - 17 -

Cu 148: Cho m in: Be (1,5), Al (1,5), Mg (1,2), Cl (3,0), N (3,0), H (2,1), S (2,5), O (3,5). Cht no sau y c lin kt ion ? A. H2S, NH3. B. BeCl2, BeS. C. MgO, Al2O3. D. MgCl2, AlCl3. Nhng bi cho s liu v m in ta cn so snh hiu m in xc nh kiu lin kt. Gi hiu m in ca 2 ( nhiu ) nguyn t cu to nn phn t l H: H 1.7 LK ion 0.4 H< 1.7 LK CHT c cc H < 0.4 LK CHT khng cc => p dng tnh hiu m in Cu 149: Nguyn t c s hiu 20, khi to thnh lin kt ha hc s A. mt 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2+. B. nhn 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2-. C. gp chung 2e to thnh 2 cp e chung. D. gp chung 1e to thnh 1 cp e chung. Z= 20 Ca: [Ar] 4s2 xu hng nhng 2 e Ca2+ Cu 150: Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt gia 2 nguyn t A. phi kim, c to thnh do s gp chung e. C. c to thnh do s gp chung 1 hay nhiu e. c thm bi 17 SGK Ha 10 NC bn nha.! Cu 151: Chn hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr. A. NaCl, CaO. B. HCl, CO2. C. KCl, Al2O3. D. MgCl2, Na2O. B. khc nhau, c to thnh do s gp chung e. D. c to thnh t s cho nhn e gia chng.

Vic xc nh hp cht LK ion d dng hn hp cht LK CHT, do y ta dng pp loi tr cho nhanh ^^: Thy A , C, D u c hp cht LK ion ln lt l NaCl , KCl, Na2O chn B Cu 152: Lin kt cng ha tr c cc to thnh gia hai nguyn t A. phi kim khc nhau. B. cng mt phi kim in hnh. C. phi kim mnh v kim loi mnh. D. kim loi v kim loi. c thm bi 17 SGK Ha 10 NC bn nh.! Cu 153: Loi lin kt trong phn t kh hiroclorua l lin kt A. cho nhn. B. cng ha tr c cc. C. cng ha tr khng cc. S hnh thnh LK phn t H2, xem SGK Ha 10 NC bi 17, phn I, 1a bn nha.! Cu 154: Cng ha tr ca Cl v O trong Cl2O7, theo th t l A. 7 v 2. B. 2 v 7. C. 4 v 1. D. 1 v 2. D. Ion

Xc nh cng ha tr chnh l xc nh s e m nguyn t gp chung hay l tr s ca s oxh nguyn t trong phn t. C th thy trong hc Cl2O7 : Cl c s oxh +7, O c s oxh -2 => tr s tng ng l 7,2 Cu 155: Cng ha tr ca N trong phn t HNO3 v NH4+ (theo th t) l A. 5 v 4. B. 4 v 4. C. 3 v 4. Cch X nh cu 154 bn nh => A Cu 156: Cho cc phn t sau: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl lin kt trong phn t mang nhiu tnh Ion nht l: A. CsCl B. LiCl v NaCl C. KCl D. RbCl cc phn t LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl u cu to t cc KL mnh IA v Cl. Do m in t Li Cs gim dn nn phn cc ca phn t t LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl tng dn CsCl phn cc nht tnh ion cao nht. - 18 D. 4 v 3

Cu 157: a s cc hp cht cng ha tr c c im l A. c th ha tan trong dung mi hu c. B. nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. C. c kh nng dn in khi th lng hoc nng chy. D. khi ha tan trong nc thnh dd in li. a s cc hp cht cng ha tr phn cc km d dng ha tan trong dung mi hu c ( khng phn cc ) Cu 158: Chn cu sai: A. in ha tr c trong hp cht ion. B. in ha tr bng s cp e dng chung. C. Cng ha tr c trong hp cht cng ha tr. D. Cng ha tr bng s cp e dng chung. in ha tr c trong hp cht ion . , m hc ion th ko c s gp chung e B sai Cu 159: Nhm hp cht no sau y c lin kt cho nhn ? A. NaCl, CO2. B. HCl, MgCl2. HNO3. Gc NO3- c lin kt cho nhn gia N v 1 nguyn t O C. H2S, HCl. D. NH4NO3,

( hnh v bng paint - mang tnh cht minh ha ^^ ) Cu 160: Chn cu sai: Lin kt cho nhn A. l trng hp c bit ca lin kt cng ha tr. B. vi cp e chung ch do 1 nguyn t ng gp. C. biu din bng mi tn t nguyn t cho n nguyn t nhn. D. to thnh gia nguyn t kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh. Thy D sai ngay. Do phan t to bi nguyn t kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh. thng l hc LK ion Cu 161: Phn t no c lin kt cng ha tr khng cc ? A. HCl B. Cl2 C. NH3 D. H2O

Mi phn t cu to t 2 nguyn t ging nhau ( thng l cc kh : H2 , Cl2 ...) khng phn cc . Cu 162: Lin kt no phn cc nht ? A. H2O B. NH3 C. NCl3 D. CO2

Phn t NH3 v NCl3 c phn cc nhng tng i yu ( do m in gia 2 tn n chnh lch t hiu m in nh ) Phn t CO2 c cu to ng thng O=C=O phn cc b trit tiu phn t khng phn cc H2O phn cc nht ( phn t c hnh dng ch V hp momen lng cc ln ) Cu 163: Cho cc oxit: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7. Dy cc hp cht trong phn t ch gm lin kt cng ho tr l: A. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 B. SiO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, Al2O3 C. Na2O, SiO2, MgO, SO3 D. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Al2O3 Dng ny dng pp loi tr cho nhanh . : + B, D sai do c Al2O3 : LK ion + C sai do c Na2O : LK ion => chn A Cu 164: Xt oxit cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3, oxit c lin kt ion l A. Na2O, MgO, Al2O3. B. SiO2, P2O5, SO3. C. SO3, Cl2O7, Cl2O D. Al2O3, SiO2, SO2. Na, Mg, Al u l cc Kim loi mnh in hnh - 19 -

O l PK in hnh => Hp cht Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 u c LK ion Cu 165: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t l ns2np5. Lin kt ca cc nguyn t ny vi nguyn t hiro thuc loi lin kt no sau y? A. Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc. B. Lin kt cng ho tr c cc. C. Lin kt ion. D. Lin kt tinh th. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np5 nhm VII ( halogen ) . LK ca hidro vi halogen l LK CHT . Li c hiu m in >0,4 CHT c cc. B Cu 166: Chn cu sai? A. Kim cng thuc loi tinh th nguyn t. B. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr. C. Lin kt trong tinh th nguyn t rt bn. D. Tinh th nguyn t c nhit nng chy v si thp. Tnh th nguyn t c nhit nc, to si ln nht trong 4 loi mng tinh th. Do tinh th nguyn t cu to t cc nguyn t, sp xp trt t to thnh mng bn vng , rt kh ph v ( VD in hnh l mng TT nguyn t cacbonn Kim cng bn v i ^^ ) Cu 167: Chn cht c tinh th phn t. A. iot, nc , kali clorua. C. nc , naphtalen, iot. B. iot, naphtalen, kim cng. D. than ch, kim cng, silic.

TT phn t hnh thnh do tng tc yu gia cc phn t . Dng pp loi tr .: + A sai do KCl l Lk ion mng TT ion + B , D sai do kim cng l TT nguyn t Cu 168: Chn cht c dng tinh th ion. A. mui n. B. than ch. C. nc . D. iot.

Mui n hay NaCl c LK ion trong phn t TT ion Cu 169: S lng cc kiu tinh th in hnh l A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Gm c: LK nguyn t, LK ion, LK kim loi , LK phn t Cu 170: Chn cu sai: Trong tinh th phn t A. lc lin kt gia cc phn t yu. C. v tr nt mng l cc phn t. B. Lin kt gia cc phn t l lin kt cng ha tr. D. cc phn t sp xp theo mt trt t xc nh.

LK cng ha tr ch hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t cu thnh nn phn t trong TT ch khng hnh thnh gia cc phn t trong TT =.> B sai Cu 171: Cht no sau y c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t ? A. H2O, HF B. H2S , HCl C. SiH4, CH4 LK hidro hnh thnh nu 2 K chnh: + phn t cha H + phn t phn cc mnh p dng cho bi trn + A ng do c 2 phn t H2O, HF u cha H v phn cc mnh + B c H2S phn cc yu + C c SiH4 phn cc yu + D gm 2 phn t u phn cc yu ( hiu m in nh ) - 20 D. PH3, NH3

 chn A Cu 172: Nhit si ca H2O cao hn so vi H2S l do A. phn t khi ca H2O nh hn. B. di lin kt trong H2O ngn hn trong H2S. C. gia cc phn t nc c lin kt hidro. D. s phn cc lin kt trong H2O ln hn. Ch : Vi cc hp cht v c , nh gi nhit si ngi ta da vo 3 tiu ch chnh: phn t khi, lin kt hidro, lin kt vandervan. p dng: H2O phn cc mnh hn H2S hnh thnh lin kt Hidro to si cao Cu 173: So vi N2, kh NH3 tan c nhiu trong nc hn v A. NH3 c lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. NH3 to c lin kt hiro vi nc. C. NH3 c phn ng mt phn vi nc. D. trong phn t NH3 ch c lin kt n.

S phn cc ca phn t NH3 ( hp momen lng cc ) So vi N2, NH3 phn cc mnh hn LK H vi H2O tan tt hn Cu 174: Ging nhau gia lin kt ion v lin kt kim loi l A. u c to thnh do sc ht tnh in. B. u c s cho v nhn cc e ha tr. C. u c s gp chung cc e ha tr. D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy cao. Cu 175: Ging nhau gia lin kt cng ha tr v lin kt kim loi l A. u c nhng cp e dng chung. B. u to thnh t nhng e chung gia cc nguyn t. C. u l nhng lin kt tng i km bn. D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy thp. => L thuyt bn c th xem bi LT 19 , SGK NC 10 . Cu 176: Nu lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh do 2 electron ca mt nguyn t v 1 obitan trng ca nguyn t khc th lin kt c gi l: A. lin kt cng ha tr c cc B. lin kt cho nhn C. lin kt t do - ph thuc D. lin kt pi 1 nguyn t cho c 2 e tham gia lin kt. 1 nguyn t ch nhn e ca tn khc vo ( khng chu chi ra 1e no ^^ ) => LK cho nhn Cu 177: Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c lin kt cng ho tr? 1. H2S 2. SO2 3. NaCl 4. CaO 5. NH3 6. HBr 7. H2SO4 A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 B. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 C. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 D. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Dng pp loi tr : 3, 4 , 9 u l hc to bi KL mnh v PK in hnh => LK ion . Ko c LK cho nhn. vy cn li 1,2,5,6,,7,8 l LK CHT - 21 8. CO2 9. K2S

Cu 178: Cc cht trong dy no sau y ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc? A. HCl, KCl, HNO3, NO. B. NH3, KHSO4, SO2, SO3. C. N2, H2S, H2SO4, CO2. D.CH4, C2H2, H3PO4, NO2 Tng t loi tr: + A sai do KCl l hc LK ion + B sai do SO2 l hc LK cho nhn

+ C sai do N2 l LK CHT ko phn cc. => chn D Cu 179: Dy phn t no cho di y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc? A. N2, CO2, Cl2, H2. B. N2, Cl2, H2, HCl. C. N2, HI, Cl2, CH4. D. Cl2, O2. N2, F2 Lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t cng nguyn t. chn D Cu 180: a. C 2 nguyn t X (Z = 19); Y (X = 17) hp cht to bi X v Y c cng thc v kiu lin kt l A. XY, lin kt ion B. X2Y , lin kt ion C. XY, lin kt cng ha tr c cc D. XY2, lin kt cng ha tr c cc

C th vit CHE on tnh cht ca X, Y , t xxd kiu LK. Hoc nhn ra lun X l K, Y l Cl hc to bi X, Y l KCl LK ion b. Trong cc nhm A (tr nhm VIIIA) theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th A. tnh phi kim tng , m in gim B. tnh kim loi tng , m in gim C. tnh kim loi tng ; I1 tng D. tnh phi kim tng , bn knh nguyn t tng Xem li s bin i tnh cht trong bi Bng tun hon nguyn t bn nh Cu 181:a. Ion X2- c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Nguyn t X c v tr A. th 10 chu k 2 nhm VIIIA B. th 8 , chu k 2 nhm VIA C. th 12 chu k 3 nhm IIA D. th 9 chu k 2 nhm VIIA b. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ba nguyn t X, Y, Z ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s23p64s1; 1s22s1. Nu xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kim loi th cch sp xp no sau y ng A. Z < X < Y. B. Y < Z < X. C. Z < Y < X. D. X=Y=Z. + C th xc nh v tr ca X, Y, Z trong BTH v da vo s bin i tnh cht cc nguyn t trong BTH so snh. Cng c th nhn ra ngay X l Na, Y l K, Z l Li + Na, K, Li u thuc nhm IA , i t trn xung duwos, tnh KL tng Li < Na < K A Cu 182: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron:1s22s22p63s23p4. Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hp cht vi hidro ca X l: A. XO2 v XH4 B. XO3 v XH2 C. X2O5 v XH3 D. X2O7 v XH + X l Lu hunh ( S ) SO2; H2S ( quen thuc ri ^^ ) Cu 183: Nguyn t C trong hp cht CH4 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp - 22 D. khng lai ha.

Theo quy tc: Lai ha spn n = 3 s AO trng s LK pi p dng c: n = 3-0-0=3 => sp3

Phn t CH4 c dng t din nguyn t trung tm lai ha sp3 - hnh thnh 4 AO, xen ph vi 4 AO ca 4 nguyn t H Cu 184: Dy cc nguyn t no sau y c xp theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn: A. Al, Mg, Na, K . B. Mg, Al, Na, K. C. K, Na, Mg, Al. D. Na, K, Mg,Al. y xt tnh kim loi nhm v chu k: + K v Na cng nhm IA tnh KL : Na< K + Na, Al, Mg cng chu k 3 tnh KL : Na > Mg > Al Al < Mg < Na < K Cu 185: Nguyn t O trong hp cht H2O c kiu lai ha: A. sp2 B. sp3 Cng p dng CT nh cu 183 N = 3- 0 0 = 3 => sp3 Cc cu ti y cc bn p dng CT nha: Cu 186: Cc nguyn t P, N trong hp cht PH3, NH3 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp N =3 0 0 = 3 sp3 Cu 187: Nguyn t C trong hp cht C2H2 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp Phn t C2H2 c 2 LK pi D. khng lai ha. D. khng lai ha. C. sp D. khng lai ha.

n = 3 -0 2 = 1 sp
Cu 188: Nguyn t C trong hp cht C2H4 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp C2H4 c 1 lk pi D. khng lai ha.

n = 3 0 1 =2 sp2
Cu 189: Nguyn t B trong hp cht BF3 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D. khng lai ha.

n = 3 -1 -0 = 2 sp2
Cu 190: Nguyn t Be trong hp cht BeH2 c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp - 23 D. khng lai ha.

 n = 3 -2 0 = 1 sp
Cu 191: Nguyn t C trong tinh th kim cng c kiu lai ha: A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp n = 3-0-0 = sp3 Cu 192: Hnh dng ca cc phn t metan, boflorua, nc, berihirua, amoniac tng ng l A. t din, tam gic,thng, gp khc, chp. B. t din, gp khc, tam gic, thng, chp. C. tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp t din. D. t din, tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp. Do phn t CH4, BF3, H2O , BeH2 , NH3 c kiu lai ha ln lt l sp3, sp2, sp3 , sp, sp2 hnh dng tng ng ln lt l t din, tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp Cu 193: Cho cc cht NaCl, CH4, Al2O3, K2S, MgCl2. S cht c lin kt ion l ( m in ca K: 0,82; Al: 1,61; S: 2,58; Cl: 3,16 v O: 3,44; Mg:1,31; H:2,20; C: 2,55) A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4. Lin kt ion => Lin kt gia cation KL v anionPK => NaCl ; Al2O3 ; K2S ; MgCL2 => D Cu 194: Tnh cht chung ca tinh th phn t l A. Bn vng, kh bay hi, kh nng chy. B. Rt cng, nhit nng chy, nhit si kh cao C. Mm, d nng chy, d bay hi. D. Do, dn in, dn nhit, c nh kim. Bn xem t l thuyt => Tinh th phn t c nhit nng chy thp , nhit si thp => C Cu 195: Tng s ht proton, electron, ntron ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc nhm IIIA l 40..S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t l A. 12. B. 13. C. 11. D. 14. Cu 196: Nguyn tc no sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon sau y l sai ? A. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t. B. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. C. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng. D. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct. Sp xp theo khi lng nguyn t l khng hp l. Mendeleef tng sp xp theo cch ny, v ng nhn ra l sp xp theo khi lng s c nhiu ch khng bin i theo quy lut , v sp xp theo s p th quy lut th hin r rng cch sp xp theo p dng n hin nay. A sai Cu 197: Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht cc n cht trong bng tun hon th A. Phi kim mnh nht l iot. B. Kim loi mnh nht l Li. C. Phi kim mnh nht l oxi. D. Phi kim mnh nht l flo. Nhm halogen l nhm PK mnh in hnh, i t trn xung di, tnh PK gim => F c tnh PK tiu biu nht Cu 198: Tnh kh ca cc hirohalogenua HX (X: F, Cl, Br, I) tng dn theo dy no sau y? A. HF < HCl < HBr < HI. B. HCl < HF < HBr < HI. C. HF < HI < HBr < HF. D. HI < HBr < HCl < HF. + Tnh kh l tnh nhng e. Cng l tnh axit T HF HI phn cc gim nhng di lin kt tng d tch H tnh axit tng tnh kh tng t HF HI Cu 199: Tnh cht baz ca dy cc hiroxit : NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 bin i theo chiu no sau y ? A. Tng. B. Gim. C. Khng thay i. D. Va gim va tng. Do tnh kim loi gim t Na Al nn tnh bazo tng ng cng gim Cu 200: Nguyn t v tr no trong bng tun hon c cu hnh electron ha tr l 3d104s1 ? A. Chu k 4, nhm IB. B. Chu k 4, nhm IA. C.Chu k 4, nhm VIA. D. Chu k 4, nhm VIB. - 24 D. khng lai ha.

+ s chu k = s lp e = 4 + nhm = s e lp ngoi cng =1

- 25 -