NH

1
Chng 1




nh ngha :
Trong maI Iang cIo vecIo

v . PIe bIen InI moI dIem M IIanI M

sao cIo ' MM v =

goI Ia Ie IInI IIe n IIeo vecIo

v .
K IIeu :
v
T

v Ia vecIo IInI IIen.

v
T

: M M' ' MM v =

nh l 1 :
Neu Ie IInI IIen bIen IaI dIem M va N Ian IuoI IIanI IaI
dIem M va N II MN = MN.

v
T

(MI = M'.
v
T

(NI = N' ' ' M N MN =

(PIe IInI IIen bao Ioan kIoang cacII.
nh l 2 :
PIe IInI IIen bIen ba dIem IIang Ia ng IIanI ba dIem IIang Iang va
kIong Iam IIay doI IIu Iu dIem do.




He qua : Ie IInI IIen bIen :
uong IIang IIanI duong IIang song song Ioac Irung voI no.
TIa IIanI IIa
oan IIang IIanI doan IIang Irung voI no.
Tam gIac IIanI Iam gIac Irung voI no.
uong Iron IIanI duong Iron co cung ban knI.
Ooc IIanI goc bang no.





Bieu thc toa o :


v
T

: M(x; yI M'(x'; y'I. KII do:

'
'
x x a
y y b
= +

= +

PHP TNH TIN
M'
M
v
v
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
v
d'
d
v
C'
C
B'
B
A'
A
v
R
R
O'
O
v
y
x
O
M'(x',y')
M(x,y)
v(a,b)
PHP DI HNH
V PHP NG DNG TRONG MT PHNG
d'
d
v
NH
2
Bai toan 1 : Tn onh (d) cuo duong thong (d) quo phep ttnh tten
v
T

Cach 1 :
CIon 2 dIem Iuy y M. N Iren (dI
Tm anI M. N cua M. N qua Ie IInI IIen
v
T

VIeI Iuong IrnI duong IIang qua M va N. do Ia duong IIang (dI





Cach 2 : Dua vao Ie qua
v
T

bIen duong IIang (d): a + bu + c = O

IIanI duong IIang (dI song song Ioac Irung voI no.
CIon dIem M Iuy y IIuoc (dI
Tm anI M cua M qua
v
T

Do
( ) ( )
=

'
v
T d d nen Iuong IrnI (d) : a + bu + c = O. va M
nam Iren (dI Ia Im duoc c.



Chu y: Neu

v Ia vecIo cI Iuong cua (dI( =

. 0
d
v n I Ioac =

0 v II
( ) ( )
' d d
Cach 3 :
Tu bIeu IIuc Ioa do
v
T

:
'
'
x x a
y y b
= +

= +

Im x. y IIeo x.y
TIay x. y vao Iuong IrnI duong IIang (dI. Iu do Im duoc
Iuong IrnI (dI
Bai toan 2 : Tn onh (C) cuo duong tron (C) quo phep ttnh tten
v
T

Cach 1 : Duo uoo he quo
Tm Ioa do Iam I va ban knI R cua (CI
Tm Ioa do I :

: '
v
T I I
VIeI Iuong IrnI (CI co Iam I. ban knI R.
Cach 2 : Tuong tu Cach 3 cuo duong thong


1. CIo InI vuong AHCD Iam O. OoI E. F Ia Irung dIem cua AD va HC. Xac dInI
anI cua :
aI A. H. O qua

EF
T
bI A. D qua

OC
T
2. CIo InI bnI IanI AHCD. Dung anI cua Iam gIac AHC qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo

AD.
3. Tm anI cua cac dIem A(0; 2I. H(1; I. C(; 4I qua Ie IInI IIen
v
T

Irong cac
Iruong Io sau:
aI v

= (1; 1I bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
eI v

= (0; 0I II v

= (; 2I
(d')
(d)
v
N'
N
M'
M
(d')
(d)
v
M'
M
R
R
I'
I
v
NH
3
4. CIo dIem A(1; 4I. Tm Ioa do dIem H sao cIo ( )
v
A T B =

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:
aI
( )
2; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
eI v

= (0; 0I II v

= (; 2I
5. Tm Ioa do vecIo v

sao cIo ( )
/
v
T M M =

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI M(10; 1I. M(; 8I bI M(5; 2I. M'(4; I cI M(1; 2I. M'(4; 5I
dI M(0; 0I. M'(; 4I cI M(5; 2I. M'(2; 6I II M(2; I. M'(4; 5I
6. Trong mOxy. cIo duong IIang (dI : 2x y + 5 = 0. Tm Iuong IrnI cua duong
IIang (dI Ia anI cua (dI qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo v

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI ( ) 4; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
7. Trong mOxy. cIo duong Iron (CI: ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 4 x y + + = . Tm Iuong IrnI cua duong
Iron (C'I Ia anI cua (CI qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo v

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI ( ) 4; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
8. Trong mOxy. cIo EII (EI:
2 2
1
9 4
x y
+ = . Tm Iuong IrnI cua eII (E'I Ia anI cua
(EI qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo v

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI ( ) 4; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
9. Trong mOxy. cIo HyeboI (HI:
2 2
1
16 9
x y
= . Tm Iuong IrnI cua HyeboI (H'I Ia
anI cua (HI qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo v

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI ( ) 4; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
10. Trong mOxy. cIo ParaboI (PI: y
2
= 16x. Tm Iuong IrnI cua ParaboI (P'I Ia anI
cua (PI qua Ie IInI IIen IIeo v

Irong cac Iruong Io sau:

aI ( ) 4; 3 v =

bI v

= (2; 1I cI v

= (2; 1I dI v

= (; 2I
11. CIo duong IIang d: x + 2y 1 = 0 va vecIo v

= (2; mI. Tm m de Ie IInI IIen

v
T

bIen d IIanI cInI no.

12. CIo duong Iron (CI duong knI AH co dInI. Lay M Iren (CI. dung InI bnI IanI
AHMM. Tm quI IcI M kII M dI cIuyen Iren M.
13. CIo duong Iron (OI duong knI AH. Lay M nam Iren (OI. goI N Ia gIao dIem cua
duong Irung Iruc doan HM va duong IIang qua M song song voI doan IIang AH.
Tm quI IcI cua dIem N kII M IIay doI Iren duong Iron.
14. CIo InI bnI IanI AHCD co IaI dIem A. H co dInI. Tm quy IcI cua dnI D
kII:
aI C dI dong Iren duong IIang d vuong goc AH.
bI C dI dong Iren duong Iron duong knI AH.
15. CIo IaI dIem co dInI H. C Iren duong Iron (OI va moI dIem A IIay doI Iren duong
Iron do. Tm quI IcI Iruc Iam H cua AAHC.
HD: Ve duong knh RR'. Xet phep ttnh tten theo ' v B C =

. Qut tch dten H lo duong

tron (O') onh cuo (O) quo phep ttnh tten do.
16. CIo duong Iron (O; RI. duong knI AH co dInI va duong knI CD IIay doI. TIe
Iuyen voI duong Iron (OI IaI H caI AC IaI E. AD IaI F. Tm Ia Io Iruc Iam cac
Iam gIac CEF va DEF.
NH
4
HD: Got H lo truc ton ACEF. K lo truc ton ADEF. Xet phep ttnh tten theo uecto v BA =

.
Top hop coc dten H uoK lo duong tron (O') onh cuo (O) quo phep ttnh tten do (tru hot
dten A uo A uot ' AA BA =

).
17. CIo Iu gIac IoI AHCD va moI dIem M duoc xac dInI boI AB DM =

va

CBM CDM = .
CIung mInI:

ACD BCM = .
HD: Xet phep ttnh tten theo uecto AB

.
18. CIo Iu gIac AHCD co

A = 60
0
.

B = 150
0
.

D = 90
0
. AH = 6 3. CD = 12. TnI do
daI cac canI AD va HC.
HD: Xet phep ttnh tten theo uecto BA

. RC = 6. AD = 6 3 .
19. CIo AAHC. Dung InI vuong HCDE ve Ia ngoaI Iam gIac. Tu D va E Ian IuoI
dung cac duong vuong goc voI AH. AC. CIung mInI rang IaI duong vuong goc do
voI duong cao AH cua AAHC dong quI.
HD: Xet phep ttnh tten theo uecto BE

. AARC AA'ED.