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PATHOLOGY OF DYING Orang tidak bergerak, tidak bernafas = belum tentu mati beri nafas buatan Raba nadi

carotis, jika tidak berdenyut = belum tentu mati pijat jantung rawat lama di ICU By understanding how people die We identify factors causing death We identify co-factors causing death

We then understand the mechanism of dying We understand how to stop the dying process We can reverse the dying procces = reanimation BASICS FOR LIFE SUPPORT Knapa perlu Life Support? Agar pasien tidak meninggal Apakah meninggal itu? WANITA USIA 20 TAHUN, HAMIL Dibw dr Madura krn kejang 3X, tiba di IRD tidak sadar, nafas tersengal, tensi 170, nadi cepat, GCS 1-1-1, pupil midriasis kiri kanan, reflex cahaya ?/?, janin mati dlm kand (?) Obsgin brain dead; Konsul Neuro brain dead; Konsul BS brain dead Ro thoraks: edema paru, pembesaran jantung, Anastesi intubasi, saran ct scan; Pendapat sejawat lain Buat apa CT Scan, GCS sudah 1-X-1, CT Scan: Brain edema; perdarahan intraventrikel otak Tidak mungkin hidup DNR; hentikan pengobatan Definisi mati batang otak Hilangnya funsi otak/ batang otak yang dibuktikan hilangnya reflex batang otak dgn tes klinis Tes dilakukan jika pasien tidak dibawah pengaruh obat Hasil test harus dinyatakan oleh 2 org dokter Tes diulang setelah 24 jam

Scan diulang H 10: Sub arachnoid Hemmorrage GCS 1-x-1 sudah 10 hr; Tidak mungkin hidup DNR H 14: lumpuh total Dx: tidak ada kemajuan Q: tidak ada kemajuan ataukah tidak Nampak ada kemajuan

Lewat hari ke 14 tangan bergerak spontan (bukan kejang) bbrp hr kemudian mulai ada kontak dengan dokter dan jari2 mulai menggengam wajah menunjukkan respon jika dipanggil dengan suara keras dan ditepuk bahunya Kebenaran dalam dunia medic tidak hanya 1. Mindset state of mind which affects the way people THINK FEEL ACT, dipengaruhi oleh: past experience, assumption, perception. Brain cell the viability of the brain defines human life Dysfunction after 10 30 seconds Start of irreversible damage in 5 20 minutes 5 minutes in the period during which brain glucose stores and ATP are used up

ANOXIC BRAIN INJURY No / with perfusion and no O2, heart stop, oksigenasi stop, flow stop. Retinal neurons can tolerate up to 20 minutes of complete ischemic anoxia, but not more DEPRIVATION OF SUBSTRATE PLUS DEPRIVATION OF O2 INJURED NEURONS MORE THAN EITHER ONE SEPARATLY CELL EDEMA IS THE RESULT, NOT THE CAUSE, OF CELL INJURY Injured neurons may release cytotoxic compounds into the extracellular fluid, which thereby, may propagate injury. Is there any exception??? Hypotermia mechanism seluruh mekanisme kerja tubuh lambat dan cepat ditolong dgn CPR

Cardiac arrest dlm waktu 3 menit bias diresusitasi prognosa baik, klo lebih 5 menit tidak bisa sembuh Alive (o: jalan; t: jalan) Clinical death (o: stop; t: jalan) cerebral death (o:rusak; t: jalan), vegetative state brain death (o:mati; t: jalan) biological death Clinical death Apnea plus cardiac arrest, with all cerebral activity suspended but not irreversibly so The early period of deathble

Cerebral death Coma but spontaneous breathing Associated with deep vegetatve state Cortical death, irreversible necrosis, particulary the neocortex

Biological death Pan organic death = real death

Persistent vegetative state Social death, apallic syndrome Irreversible brain damage, remain unconscious and unresponsive, but has an active EEG and some reflects

KONSEP Life Support 1. Apnea mati beri nafas buatan 2. Cardiac Arrest mati pijat jantung, dc shock, heart to good to die 3. Coma mati brain resuscitation, brain to good to die 1,2 CPR ; 1,2,3 CPCR (Cardiopulmonary and Cerebral Resucitation) CPR is to buy time membeli waktu agar pasien masih sempat hidup untuk diberi terapi definitive; CPR must be provided by ALL medical specialization Pada saat jantung terhenti, kadar ATP turun dibawh ambang nilai kritis, sehingga ada 2 cara yaitu menurunkan konsumsi atp (terapi hipotermia) atau meningkatkan jumlah atp diatas ambang nilai kritis (CPR/pijat jantung / DC shock). Pijat jtg yg baik, hanya mencapi 30% dari CO Normal. > 50% pasien Cardiac Arrest dpt ditlg dgn defibrillator jika defib dilakukan sebelum 5 menit. Laki2 70 thn, artheroscerosis, DM, post infark miokard, miokardiopati nefropati diabetic VF jam 2 dini hari, CPR o/ perawat ICU, dr dtg dlm 15 menit, DC Shock 200 j ROSC, 6 jam pasca resusitasi pasien telah mampu menulis. Understanding the patofisiologi dying and reanimasi mengajarkan knowledge and skill Primary Prevention Cegah jangan CA Peri arres management Sec prev Jika CA, maka cepat aktifasi,Early acsses, Early BLS ROSC dlm 5 menit

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