(IJCSIS)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
V
ol.
9
, No.
7,
Ju
ly
2011
r y x
ds
r y x I r r G
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00
2),(*)(
Human Iris Recognition In UnconstrainedEnvironments
Mohammad Ali Azimi Kashani
Department of Computer Science & Research Branch
Islamic Azad University
Branch Shoushtar
Shoushtar
,
Iran
M.Azimi@iau
-
shoushtar.ac.ir
Mohammad Reza Ramezanpoor Fini
Department of Computer Science & Research Branch
Islamic Azad University
Branch Shoushtar
Shoushtar
,
Iran
MR.ramezanpor@gmail.com
Mahdi Mollaei Arani
Department of Computer Science & Research Branch
Payame Noor UniversityArdestan, Iran
Dr.m.mollaei@gmail.com
Abstract
—Designation of iris is one of biometric recognitionmethods .That use modal recognition technique and is base onpictures whit high equality of eye iris .Iris modals in comparisonwhit other properties in biometrics system are more resistanceand credit .In this paper we use from fractals technique for irisrecognition. Fractals are important in these aspects that canexpress complicated pictures with applying several simple codes.Until, That cause to iris tissue change from depart coordinationto polar coordination and adjust for light rates. Whileperforming other pre-process, fault rates will be less than EER,and lead to decreasing recognition time, account table cost and
grouping precise improvement.
Keywords-
Biometrics;
Identitydistinction
;Identity erification;
Iris modals.
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
Biometric use for identity distinction of input samplecompare to one modal and in some case use for recognitionspecial people by determined properties .
Us
ing password oridentity card. Can create some problems like losing forgetting
thief.
So using from biometric property for reason of specialproperty will be effective. Biometric parameters dived to groupbase on figure one
[1]: Physiologic:
this parameter is related to
fig.1
of body human.
Behavioral:
this parameter is related to
behavior of one person.
Figure
1
.
grouping some biometrics property
II
.
A
VAILABLE IRIS RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Daugman technique [3, 9] is one of oldest iris recognitionsystem. These systems include all of iris recognition process:
Taking picture, assembling, coding tissue and adaption
.
A.
Daugman techniques
Daug
man algorithm [3,9] is the famous iris algorithm. Inthis algorithm, iris medaling by two circles than aren’t
necess
ary certifi
ed.
every circle defined whit there parameters
( xo , y o , r ) that ( x o , y o ) are center of circle with r radios .Use
- a di
fferential
– integral performer for estimating
3
parameter in every circle bound. All pictures search rather to
increasing r
radius to maximize following
E
quation (1)
:In this formulate ( x , y ) is picture light intensify , ds iscurve circle , 2r use for normalization in tetras G( r ) is Gusfilter as used for flotation , and * is convolution performed
(agent).
III
.
S
UGGESTIVE ALGORITHM
In this algorithm, we use from new method for identitydistinction base on fractal techniques, specially used fractalcodes as coding iris tissue modal. For testing suggestive
method, we used from available pictures in picture base of bath
university. General steps of iris distinction would be as follow.Clearly indicate advantages, limitations and possible
applications.
Figure
2
.
Sample of available pictures in iris database of Bath University
11http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
V
ol.
9
, No.
7,
Ju
ly
2011
o f e z y xsd cba z y xW
0000
A.
Iris assembling
The main goal of this part is recognition of iris area in eyepictures. For this reason, we should recognize internal andexternal bound in iris by two circles. One method for
assembling is using from fractal dimension. In
F
ig.3 we present
dimension of Hough circle and in F
ig
. 4 show the
Irisnormalization
, is more than 1 threshold. For accounting of fractal diminution, the picture dived to Blocks with 40 pixelwidth. As showed in picture, pupil and eye- lid areas
recognized very good.
Figure
3
.
output hough circle
Figure
4
.
Iris normalization
B.
Iris normalization
In this step, should decant coordination change to polarcoordination. For this reason , 128 perfect circle next to pupilcenter and with starting from pupil radius toward out , separatefrom iris , pour pixels on these circles in one rectangle , in thisway iris that was the form of circle trope , change to rectangle,it means iris from Decoct coordination change to polarcoordination. In fig.5 you can watch iris polar coordination.Since changing in light level, pupil environment of iris
change
d. We should control input light. However, it mayperson interval different from camera, but size of iris doesn’tsame in different pictures. So with choosing this 128 prefect
circles iris normalization done in respect to size.
Figure
5
.
Diagram of polar coordination of iris tissue
Then
separated iris tissue control for light intensifies.Means picture contrast increased to iris tissue recognize very
good. In Fig.6 you can see sample of norm led iris tissue.
Figure
6
.
Diagram of normal iris picture.
C.
Iris tissue coding
In this step, we should coding
iris
tissue pixels set, and use
it for comparing between 2 iris pictures. In suggestive methods.
We use from fractal code. So fractal code of normal iris
account.And
this code as one modal saves in data
base.
Toused for recognition and comparing iris pictures. In next step,we should encoding input picture with this fractal codes. So Ineed to change all pictures to standard size. For accountingfractal code first normal iris picture change to one rectangle
64*180
pixels. So fractal codes for different iris have same
length.fig.7.
Figure
7
.
Normal iris picture in diminution 64*180 pixels
D.
Change range to wide blocks
Main step in accounting fractal picture coding is changingrange to wide blocks. For every wide block copy of range
blo
ck compare to that block. W changing is combination of geometrics and light changing. In case of I grey picture, if zexpress pixel light intensify in (x, y), we can show w as matrix
as follow
:f, a, b, c, d, e coefficient, control main aspect of changinggeometrical. While s, o recognized contrast and both of themrecognize light parameters (fig.8). Changing geometrics
parameters limit to hardness adaption. [11]
Figure
8
.
Picture of rang and wide blocks
12http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
V
ol.
9
, No.
7,
Ju
ly
2011
niniiininiiinininiiiii
d sr nod d nr d r d n
s
11122111
1)(.
Comparing range
wide in a 3 steps process. One of baseeight directions applied on selected range block. Then, orientedrange block, become minimum till be equal to wide block Rk
.
If we want general changed be contradictor, wide should berange block [11]. However, present ting picture as set of changed blocks, don't present precise copy, but it´s goodapproximate. Minimizing fault between Rk and w (Dj) can
minimize fault between estimated and main picture.
I
f ri and d
and I=1‚…‚n be pixel amounts relate to blocks having same
size Rk and shrink , fault and ERR is as following[11] :
niiiiiii
r r or d sod sd son
Err
12222
)..2...2...2.(.
niniiiiiniii
r d sonon
Err
r d od d s
s
err
111.2
0).2..2(..2(..2
0)..2..2..2(
It happens when [10]:
One of advantage of suggestive method for iris recognitionis that when registering person, we save input fractal code of person iris picture as modal in data base, and so with regard to
compressing property of fractal codes, we have less weight database.
E.
Grouping and adapting
In this respect we should compare input picture withavailable modals in data base system, and achieve similaritybetween them. For this reason, iris norm led picture encodingwith available fractal codes in data base. For recognitionsimilarity between input and encoding picture, used forminterval between them. Nominal similarity size is 0 and 1 [10].
Interval form mincosci defined base on soft LP
:
)(
‚y)
(
p10
N i pii p
y x xd
When
p
, achieved
L
:
‚y)
(
max
0
ii N i
y x x D
F.
Suggestive method simulation
Suggestive method for identity recognition performed onsubset iris picture data base in Bath University. Availablesubset include 1000 picture from 25 different persons. 20pictures from left eye and 20 picture form right eye wereshowed. Since iris left and right eye is different in everyperson. Among every 50 eyes, from 20 pictures, 6 pictures are
considered for teaching and testing (fig
.
9.10.11).
Figure
9
.
curve ROC relate to suggestive identity verification system.
Figure 10
.
curve ROC RELATES to suggestive identity verification systemwith regard to adoptions numbers. (n= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
niii
r od s
Err
12
).(
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Human Iris Recognition in Unconstrained Environments
Designation of iris is one of biometric recognition methods .That use modal recognition technique and is base on pictures whit high equality of eye iris .Iris modals in comparison whit other properties in biometrics system are…
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