BLUE EYES

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CONTENTS
What is blue eyes? 2) Aims of blues eyes technology 3) Tracks used 4) Making computers see and feel 5) Affective computing 6) Blue eyes enabled devices 7) Software and hardware 8) Current scenario 9) Future 10) Conclusion 11) References
1)

What is Blue eyes?

The U.S. computer giant,IBM has been conducting research on the Blue Eyes technology at its Almaden Research Center (ARC) in San Jose, Calif., since 1997. The ARC is IBM's main laboratory for basic research. The primary objective of the research is to give a computer the ability of the human being to assess a situation by using the senses of sight, hearing and touch. Animal survival depends on highly developed sensory abilities. Likewise, human cognition depends on highly developed abilities to perceive, integrate, and interpret visual, auditory, and touch information. Without a doubt, computers would be much more powerful if they had even a small fraction of the perceptual ability of animals or humans. Adding such perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers and humans to work together more as partners. Toward this end, the Blue Eyes project aims at creating computational devices with the sort of perceptual abilities that people take for granted. Thus Blue eyes is the technology to make computers sense and understand human behavior and feelings and react in the proper ways.

Aims
1)To design smarter devices 2)To create devices with emotional intelligence 3)To create computational devices with perceptual abilities The idea of giving computers personality or, more accurately, emotional intelligence" may seem creepy, but technologists say such machines would offer important advantages. De-spite their lightning speed and awesome powers of computation, today's PCs are essentially deaf, dumb, and blind. They can't see you, they can't hear you, and they certainly don't care a whit how you feel. Every computer user knows the frustration of nonsensical error messages, buggy software, and abrupt system crashes. We might berate the computer as if it were an unruly child, but, of course, the machine can't respond. "It's ironic that people feel like dummies in front of their computers, when in fact the computer is the dummy," says Rosalind Picard, a computer science professor at the MIT Media Lab in Cambridge. A computer endowed with emotional intelligence, on the other hand, could recognize when its operator is feeling angry or frustrated and try to respond in an appropriate fashion. Such a computer might slow down or replay a tutorial program for a confused student, or recognize when a designer is burned out and suggest he take a break. It could even play a recording of Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" if it sensed anxiety or serve up a rousing Springsteen anthem if it detected lethargy. The possible applications of "emotion technology" extend far beyond the desktop. A car equipped with an affective computing system could recognize when a driver is feeling drowsy and ad-vise her to pull over, or it might sense when a stressed-out motorist is about to explode and warn him to slow down and cool off. These machines have got their own personality and this personality depends upon the moods of the user.

TRACKS USED
Our emotional changes are mostly reflected in our heart pulse rate,reathing rate ,facial expressions ,eye movements ,voice etc.Hence these are the parameters on which lue technology is being developed.

Making computers see and feel

Blue Eyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions and to extract key information. This information is then analyzed to determine the user's physical, emotional, or informational state, which in turn can be used to help make the user more productive by performing expected actions or by providing expected information. Beyond making computers more responsive to people's feelings, researchers say there is another compelling reason for giving machines emotional intelligence. Contrary to the common wisdom that emotions contribute to irrational behavior, studies have shown that feelings actually play a vital role in logical thought and decision-making. Emotionally impaired people often find it difficult to make decisions because they fail to recognize the subtle clues and signals--does this make me feel happy or sad, excited or bored?--that help direct healthy thought processes. It stands to reason, therefore, that computers that can emulate human emotions are more likely to behave rationally, in a manner we can understand. Emotions are like the weather.We only pay attention to them when there is a sudden outburst, like a tornado, but in fact they are constantly operating in the background, helping to monitor and guide our day-to-day activities. Picard, who is also the author of the groundbreaking book Affective Computing, argues that computers should operate under the same principle. "They have tremendous mathematical abilities, but when it comes to interacting with people, they are autistic," she says. "If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and interact naturally with us, we must give them the ability to recognize, understand, and even to behave' and express emotions." Imagine the benefit of a computer that could remember that a particular Internet search had resulted in a frustrating and futile exploration of cyberspace. Next time, it might modify its investigation to improve the chances of success when a similar request is made.

Affective Computing

The process of making emotional computers with sensing abilities is known as affective computing.The steps used in this are: 1)Giving sensing abilities 2)Detecting human emotions 3)Respond properly The first step, researchers say, is to give ma-chines the equivalent of the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs that humans use to recognize and express emotion. To that end, computer scientists are exploring a variety of mechanisms including voice-recognition software that can discern not only what is being said but the tone in which it is said; cameras that can track subtle facial expressions, eye movements, and hand gestures; and biometric sensors that can measure body temperature, blood pressure, muscle tension, and other physiological signals associated with emotion. In the second step, the computers have to detect even the minor variations of our moods.For eg,a person may hit the keyboard very fastly either in the happy mood or in the angry mood. In the third step the computers have to react in accordance with the emotional states. Various methods of accomplishing affective computing are : 1) Affect detection: This is the method of detecting our emotional states from the expressions on our face.Algorithms amenale to real time implementation that extract information from facial expressions and head gestures are being explored.Most of the information is extractewd from the position of the eye rows and the corners of the mouth. 2)MAGIC pointing: MAGIC stands for Manual Acquisition with Gaze Tracking Technology. a computer with this technology could move the cursor by following the direction of the user's eyes. This type of technology will enable the computer to automatically transmit information related to the screen

that the user is gazing at. Also, it will enable the computer to determine, from the user's expression, if he or she understood the information on the screen, before automatically deciding to proceed to the next program. The user pointing is still done by the hand,ut the cursor always appears at the right position as if by MAGIC.By marrying input technology and eye tracking ,we get MAGIC pointing. 3)SUITOR: SUITOR stands for Simple User Interface Tracker.It implements the method for putting computational devices in touch with their users changing moods.It is mostly used in we ased applications.By watching what we page the user is currently rowsing,the SUITOR can find additional information on that topic.The key is that the user simply interacts with the computer as usual and the computer infers user interest based on what it sees the user do. 4)EMOTION MOUSE: This is the mouse emedded with sensors that can sense the physiological attributes such as temperature,ody prewssure,pulse rate, and touching style, etc.The computer can determine the users emotional states by a single touch.IBM is still oerforming research on this mouse and will be availale in the market within the next two or three years.The expected accuracy is 75%.

Blue Eyes enaled devices

Some of the blue Eyes enabled devices are discussed below: 1)POD: The first blue Eye enabled mass production device was POD ,the car manufactured y TOYOTA.It could keep the driver alert and active.It could tell the driver to go slow if he is driving too fastly and it could pull over the driver when he feels drowsy.Also it could hear the driver some sort of interesting music when he is getting bored. 2)PONG: IBM released a robot designed for demonstrating the new technology.The Blue Eyes robot is equipped with a computer capable of analyzing a person's glances and other forms of expressions of feelings, before automatically determining the

next type of action. IBM has released a robot called PONG, which is equipped with the Blue Eyes technology. PONG is capable of perceiving the person standing in front of it, smiles when the person calls his name, and expresses loneliness when it loses sight of the person. IBM is showing this robot to the public at the company's exhibition called "IBM Fair 2000" at the Japan Convention Center (Makuhari Messe) in Chiba prefecture, March 1-3. 3)SECURE PAD: This is an electronic badge that can identify the wearer and track his movements and activities with an array of sensors. The device was designed for a major health-care provider to track the activities of doctors and other personnel at large medical facilities. It knows who you are and where you are, and it has a pretty good idea of what you are doing and when you are doing it. Although that may sound ominous, the device will ultimately benefit patients by enhancing the security and accountability of medical facilities. For example, the device will know who has accessed a drug locker and what drugs were removed. It will also allow doctors to access confidential medical information without carrying around paper charts, which can be misplaced or read by unauthorized personnel. When a doctor wearing the Secure Pad enters a patient's room, the patient's medical records will automatically appear on a wall monitor when the doctor looks at it. When he looks away, or another person enters the room, the records will disappear. Another advantage of Secure Pad is that it's interchangeable; when a wearer removes the badge from her body, the device automatically deactivates, its slate wiped clean until the next person puts it on.

SOFTWARE and HARDWARE

BLue Eyes software is called agent which analyzes and modifies the mother program, according to the users needs and moods.The user modifies the mother program whenever the user requests or hardware finds that the user is changing his moods. For eg, in a we browsing ,if a particular search is found to e failure ,the agent might improve the searching y changing the searching key words so as to get the desired results. Hardware used is dedicated hardware.Usually emedded devices are used.For eg, a pc camera may drain the processing ailities of the system and can not e used. The embedded devices have their own processing capabilities and can function on their own to achieve specific purposes.

CURRENT SCENARIO
Pioneers in this field are IBM,MIT(Massachussets Institute of Technology),Sony.Egs of the technologies now under study have already been discussed.Limited success is achieved in translating neurological activities into identifiable emotional states y implanting electrodes in the rain.Researches are still going on and commercial availability is supposed to happen within the next few years.

FUTURE
Future applications of this technology is limitless from designing cars and developing presentations to interactive entertainment and advertising.Also it may become very common in our household devices also . For eg: A blue eyes enabled TV set would become active when we look in its directions.Voice commands could then tune your favourite channel and adjust the volume.

CONCLUSION
The Blue eyes technology ensures a convenient way of simplifying the life by providing more delicate and user friendly facilities in computing devices. The gap between the electronic and physical world will be reduced.The computers can be run by using the implicit commands instead of the explicit commands.

REFERENCES
1> www.philologos.com 2> www.techreviwe.com 3> www.almaden.im.com 4> www.research.im.com 5> www.metropolismag.com 6> www.visuallee.com 7> www.howstuffworks.com 8> www.entecollege.com