Internet the Complete Reference

Sections

What Is the Internet?
Computers on the Internet
Servers, Clients, and Ports
The Domain Name System and DNS Servers
Internet Services
Types of Accounts
Internet PPP and SLIP Accounts
Online Services
Telephone, Cable, and Satellite Connections
Dial-Up Internet Accounts
ISDN, ADSL, and Leased Line Connections
Cable and DSS Internet Accounts
WebTV
Intranets
Choosing an ISP
ISP Features
Finding ISPs
Choosing User Names and Passwords
Changing Your Password
TCP/IP and Connection Software
Elements of Windows 98 Dial-Up Networking
Dial-Up Networking
The Dial-Up Adapter
Internet and Modem Properties
Setting Up a Connection with Windows 98
Configuring Windows 98 to Use Your Modem
Signing Up with Microsoft’s Selected ISPs
Connecting to Your Internet Account
Creating Shortcuts to Your Connection
Disconnecting from Your Account
Dialing the Internet Automatically
Testing Connections with Windows 98
Pinging Another Computer
Tracing Packets over the Internet
Displaying Internet Connections Using Netstat
Connecting from Other Systems
Connecting from Windows NT
Connecting from Windows 95
Connecting from Windows 3.1
Connecting from Macintoshes
The Contenders
ISDN
ADSL
Cable Modem Service
Wireless Alternatives
Choosing a High-Speed Connection
Cost
Speed
Phone Line Issues
Remote Access
Choice of Provider
Summary of High-Speed Connection Choices
Connecting via ISDN
Choosing an ISDN “Modem”
Ordering an ISDN Line
Configuring Your Computer for ISDN
Using ISDN
Connecting via ADSL
Choosing an ADSL Modem
Ordering an ADSL Line
Configuring Your Computer for ADSL
Using ADSL
Connecting via Cable Modem
Ordering Cable Modem Service
Configuring Your Computer for Cable Modem Service
Using Cable Modem Service
Intranets: Connecting LANs to the Internet
What Is an Intranet?
Intranets vs. LANs
Advantages and Disadvantages of an Intranet
What Can You Do with an Intranet?
Components of an Intranet
Workstations and Client Software
Servers and Network Operating Systems
Network Cards, Cabling, and Hubs
The Internet Connection
Security Systems
Steps for Creating an Intranet
Ongoing Maintenance
Connecting a Small LAN to the Internet
Finding Out More
E-mail Concepts
How Do You Get Your E-mail?
Receiving Incoming Messages
Sending Outgoing Messages
Ways of Accessing E-mail
E-mail Addressing
More About Host Names
Special Addresses
AOL Addresses
Message Headers
Downloading E-mail
Working Offline
Deleting Messages from the Server
E-mail Netiquette
Using Smileys, Emoticons, and Abbreviations
Smileys and Emoticons
Abbreviations Used in E-mail
Formatted E-mail
Signatures and Stationery
Signatures
Stationery
E-mail Attachments
Web-Based E-mail
Mail Away from Home
Dialing In
Reading Your E-mail on the Web
Common E-mail Error Messages
Basic E-mail Commands
Common E-mail Tasks
Configuring an E-mail Application
Receiving and Sending E-mail
Reading E-mail
Creating Messages
Filing Messages
Addressing E-mail
Eudora Pro and Eudora Light
Configuring Eudora
Collecting and Reading Messages
Sending Messages
Turning On Automatic Spell Checking
Storing Addresses
Creating and Adding Signatures
Outlook 98 and Outlook Express
Configuring Outlook 98 and Outlook Express
Netscape Messenger
Configuring Netscape Messenger
Pegasus
Configuring Pegasus
America Online (AOL)
CompuServe
Pine
Sending and Receiving Files by E-mail
General Information About Attachments
Sending Attachments
Receiving Attachments
Eudora and Eudora Light 4
Sending an Attached File
Receiving an Attached File
Attachment Options
Linking a File (for LAN Users Only)
Controlling Your E-mail Volume
The Advantages of Filtering E-mail
How Filtering Works
Filtering Mailing List Messages
Controlling E-mail Volume and Reducing Spam
What Can You Do About Spam?
Stopping Spammers
Reporting Egregious Scams
Sending Spam
Replying to Messages Automatically
Filters and Autoreplies in Eudora
Filtering Messages
Sending Autoreplies
Filters and Autoreplies in Outlook 98
Deleting Junk E-mail
Filters in Outlook Express
Filters in Netscape Messenger
Filters and Autoreplies in Pegasus
Blocking Junk Mail in AOL
Filters and Autoreplies in Pine
Sending and Receiving Secure E-mail
What Is E-mail Security?
Reasons to Secure Your Messages
Public Key Cryptography
Using Cryptography with E-mail
Getting and Using Digital Certificates
Getting Your Own Digital Certificate
Backing Up Your Digital Certificate
Getting Other People’s Digital Certificates
Secure E-mail with Outlook 98 and Outlook Express
Secure E-mail with Netscape Messenger
Getting and Using PGP
Getting a PGP Program
Creating a Key Pair
Managing Your Key Ring
Distributing Your PGP Public Key
Establishing PGP Preferences
Secure E-mail with Eudora and Outlook 97
Secure E-mail with Other Programs
Other E-mail Topics
sHandling multiple e-mail accounts
Using Multiple E-mail Accounts
Eudora Pro
Outlook 98
Outlook Express
Sending Form Letters by Using E-mail Stationery
Formatting E-mail
Eudora
Online Chatting and Conferencing Concepts
Forms of Chat and Conferencing
Usenet Newsgroups
AOL Chat Rooms and Other Proprietary Services
Online Conferencing
MUDs and MOOs
How Does Chat Work?
Identifying Yourself
Topics, Newsgroups, Channels, and Rooms
Following the Discussion
Chat Etiquette
Safety While Chatting
Ways to Use Chat Effectively
E-mail Mailing Lists
How Do Mailing Lists Work?
Types of Mailing Lists
Mailing List Management Programs
How Mailing List Management Programs Work
Popular Mailing List Management Programs (MLMs)
List, Administrative, and Manager Addresses
Subscribing and Signing Off
Sending a Subscribe Command
Tips for Sending Commands
Confirming Your Subscription
Solving Subscription Problems
Signing Off Mailing Lists
Participating in Mailing Lists
Replying to List Messages
Posting a New Message
Do’s and Don’ts
Finding Out More About the Mailing List
Displaying the List Configuration and Subscribers
Presorting Your Mailing List Messages
Receiving Messages in Digests
Setting Your Mailing List Options
Displaying Your Current Settings
Concealing Your Address
Holding Your Mail
Getting Archived Messages
Changing Your Address
Receiving Copies of Your Own Postings
Choosing Which Topics to Receive
Summary of Commands
Finding Interesting Mailing Lists
Creating Your Own Mailing List
Running a Mailing List from Your E-mail Program
Free Web-Based Mailing Lists
Usenet Newsgroup Concepts
What Are Usenet Newsgroups?
How Do You Read Newsgroups?
Finding Interesting Newsgroups
Choosing What to Read
Choosing What to Post
Starting a New Thread
Replying by E-mail and Posting Follow-ups
Usenet Netiquette
Sending and Receiving Attachments
Offensive Postings
Avoiding Spam
How to Propose a New Newsgroup
Creating a Mainstream Newsgroup
Creating an Alt Newsgroup
Reading Usenet Newsgroups
Common Newsreading Tasks
Configuring Your Newsreader
Subscribing to Newsgroups
Selecting and Reading Articles
Newsreading in Outlook Express
Finding and Subscribing to Newsgroups
Selecting and Reading Messages
Threading Messages
Canceling Messages
Printing Messages
Saving Messages
Unsubscribing from Newsgroups
Newsreading in Netscape Newsgroup
Reading and Selecting Messages
Newsreading with Free Agent
Deleting Messages and Groups
Newsreading in Tin
Reading Messages
Deleting Newsgroups
Newsreading with NewsWatcher
Posting Messages
Newsreading in Deja News
What Is IRC?
IRC Networks
IRC Servers
Channels
IRC Programs and IRC Commands
Nicknames and Chanops
Netsplits and Lags
Chatting in mIRC
Getting mIRC
Connecting to an IRC Server
Listing Channels
Joining Channels
Starting to Chat
Whispering
Sending Files
Leaving Channels and Disconnecting from Servers
mIRC Tips
Chatting in Microsoft Chat and V-Chat
Getting Microsoft Chat and V-Chat
Connecting
Joining Channels and Chatting
Actions
Chatting in Ircle
Joining a Channel and Chatting
Leaving Channels
Chatting in Ircii
Starting Ircii
Connecting to a Server
Listing Channels in Ircii
Starting and Managing a Channel
Setting the Topic
Kicking and Banning Users
Designating Other Chanops
Other Chanop Commands
General IRC Tips
Learning More
Other Types of Chat
Web-Based Chat
Interactive Web Chat
Web Discussion Boards
Direct Chat Systems
AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)
Yahoo Pager
Ding!
MUDs, MOOs, and MUSHes
Connecting to a MUD by Telnet
Connecting to a MUD by Using a MUD Client
Voice and Videoconferencing
What Are Voice Conferencing and Videoconferencing?
How Does Conferencing Work?
What Is Conferencing Used For?
Gathering Your Equipment
Getting Conferencing Hardware
Getting Conferencing Software
Conferencing Is More Than Talking and Seeing
Conferencing Using NetMeeting
Starting and Configuring NetMeeting
Planning Your Call
Logging On to Directory Servers
Seeing Yourself As Others See You
Starting a Conference
Hearing Voices
Seeing Faces
Sharing a File from Your Computer
Sending a File from Your Computer
Drawing on the Whiteboard
Exiting NetMeeting Gracefully
Getting Together Using Conference
Configuring Conference
Placing a Call
Fine-Tuning Your Audio
Chatting with Text
Viewing and Creating Graphics
Sending and Receiving Files
Sharing Your Browser
Exiting Conference
Voice Conferencing and Videoconferencing with CU-SeeMe
Setting Up CU-SeeMe
Starting CU-SeeMe
Finding People to Call
Meeting with One Person
Meeting with Many People
Parental Control
Exiting CU-SeeMe
Summary of Conferencing Applications
What's Next in Voice Conferencing and Videoconferencing?
World Wide Web Concepts
Elements of the Web
Clients and Servers
The Web’s Languages and Protocols
Web Pages and Web Sites
Special Kinds of Web Sites and Pages
Web Browsers
Browser Concepts
Browser Home Pages and Start Pages
Plug-Ins
Elements of a Browser Window
Viewing Pages with a Browser
Using a Browser for Mail, News, or Chat
Keeping Track of Your Favorite Web Sites
Security and Privacy Issues
Cookies
Firewalls
Secure Communications and Transactions
Executable Applets and Scripts
Viruses
Privacy Implications of Browser Caches and History
Adjusting Your Security Settings
Anonymous Web Browsing Through Proxies
Blocking Offensive or Inappropriate Web Sites
How PICS Site-Blocking Systems Work
Recommendations for PICS Web Site Blocking
Non-PICS Web Site Blocking
Opposition to Rating and Blocking Systems
Security Issues
Microsoft Wallet
CyberCash Wallet
Paying with a Wallet Program
Netscape Navigator and Communicator
Getting Started with Navigator and Communicator
Requirements for Installing Navigator 4 and 4.5
What Else Does Communicator Contain?
Decisions to Make During Download and Installation
Starting Communicator
Does Navigator Work with AOL?
Using Navigator on an Intranet
Elements of the Navigator Window
Customizing the Toolbars
The Menu Bar
The Navigation Toolbar Buttons
The Location Toolbar
The Personal Toolbar
The Viewing Window
The Status Bar
The Floating Toolbar
Context Menus
Viewing Pages with Navigator
Opening a Page
Searching Within a Page
Editing a Page for Your Own Use
Viewing Information About a Page
Printing Pages
Saving Pages
Opening Multiple Windows
Choosing New Start and Home Pages
Using Bookmarks
Working with the Windows Favorites Menu
Using the History List
Creating Internet Shortcuts
Sharing Navigator with Other Users
Establishing or Changing User Profiles
Using Communicator with Multiple Profiles
Security in Navigator
Managing Cookies in Navigator
Managing Navigator’s Caches of Web Pages
Managing Java and JavaScript
Changing Navigator’s Security Warnings
Blocking Web Sites with NetWatch
Enabling NetWatch
Disabling NetWatch or Changing Its Settings
Browsing with NetWatch Enabled
Circumventing NetWatch
Getting Help
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Acquiring and Installing Internet Explorer
Requirements for Installing Internet Explorer 4
Requirements for Installing Internet Explorer 5
Using IE on an Intranet
Elements of the Internet Explorer Window
The Standard Buttons Toolbar
The Address Bar
The Links Bar
The Explorer Bar
Viewing Pages in Internet Explorer
Viewing HTML Source Code
Printing and Saving Pages
Managing the Favorites Menu
Using the History Folder
Customizing Internet Explorer
Sharing Internet Explorer with Other Users
Linking Internet Explorer to Other Programs
Choosing a New Start Page
Choosing Not to Download Multimedia Content
Setting Other Viewing Preferences
Security in Internet Explorer
Security Zones
Setting Other Security Policies
Blocking Web Sites with Content Advisor
Enabling and Disabling Content Advisor
Adding or Removing Ratings Systems
Changing Content Advisor Preferences
Changing Content Advisor Preferences in Windows
Browsing with Content Advisor Enabled
Lynx, Opera, and Other Browsers
Lynx, the Original UNIX Browser
Downloading and Installing Lynx for Windows
Running and Commanding Lynx
Browsing with Lynx
Setting and Using Lynx’s Bookmarks
Configuring Lynx
Other Lynx Features
Opera, the Small Browser
Getting Opera
Browsing with Opera
Setting and Using Opera’s Hot List
Configuring Opera
Sending E-mail with Opera
Reading Usenet Newsgroup Articles
Some Other Browsers
Viewing Advanced Web Pages
Finding and Installing Players
Finding and Installing Plug-Ins and ActiveX Controls
Netscape Navigator and Plug-ins
Recommended Plug-Ins and ActiveX Controls
Uninstalling Plug-Ins and ActiveX Controls
Watching and Listening to the Web
Playing Streaming Audio and Video
Playing MP3 Music
What Are Search Engines?
What Are Web Directories?
Searching for Information
Searching Using Search Engines and Directories
Searching the Search Engines
Letting Someone Else Conduct the Search
Finding People
Bigfoot
InfoSpace
WhoWhere
Yahoo! People Search
Finding Companies
Companies Online
Switchboard
Subscriptions and Channels
Pull vs. Push
Subscriptions
How to Get Information Delivered
Subscribing to a Broadcast Service
PointCast Network
Subscribing to a Web Site
Netscape Netcaster
Internet Explorer
Getting Access to Channels
Channel Finder in Netcaster
Channels in Windows 98 and Internet Explorer 4
Which Delivery Method Is Best for You?
Making Use of the Web’s Resources
What’s So Special About the Web?
Working with Web Sites
Portals to the Web
What Services Does a Portal Provide?
Message Boards
Online Clubs
Registering with a Portal
Creating a Customized Start Page
News and Weather
Headlines and Breaking News
Customized News
National Newspapers and Networks
News in Depth
Listening to the News Online
Watching the News Online
Weather Reports
Sports
Scores and Schedules
Standings, Statistics, and Records
Leagues, Teams, and Players
Live Game Coverage
Personal Finance and Investing
Keeping Up with the Market and the Economy
Online Brokers
Learning About Investing
Online Banking
Online Calculators for Personal Finance
Entertainment
Local TV and Movie Listings
Other Local Entertainment
Entertainment News
Erotica Online
Computer Games
Magazines Online
Shopping
How to Shop Online
What You Can Buy Online
Searching for Bargains Automatically
Online Auctions
Researching a Product or a Merchant
Online Coupons
Computers and Internet
Computer and Internet News
Downloading Shareware and Freeware
Online Hardware and Software Support
Looking for an Internet Service Provider
Travel
Travel by Car
Destinations
Reservations for Flights, Lodging, and Rental Cars
Kids, Teens, Parents, and Communities
Guides to the Best Web Sites For Kids
Education and Homework Help
Teen Web Sites
Parenting Support and Advice
Web Sites for Seniors
Online Communities and Home Pages
Health and Medicine
Religion and Spirituality
Learning About Religions
Finding a Nearby Church, Temple, or Synagogue
Online Spiritual Community
The Web as Library
Standard References
Complete Texts of Classic Books
Searching Library Collections
Information About the U.S. Government
Information from the U.S. Government
Too Cool to Miss
TerraServer
Hubble Fantasy Worlds
The Fractal Microscope
Mind-It
Web Cams
Web Site Creation Concepts
The Planning Process
Why Do You Want Your Own Site?
What Do You Need to Create a Site?
Who Is the Audience for the Site?
What Tools Do You Need to Develop the Site?
Navigation and Themes
Hunting for Ideas
Elements of a Web Page
Steps to Creating a Site
Publishing Your Site
Maintaining Your Own Server
Using Your ISP’s Server
Using a Web Hosting Service
Publicizing Your Site
Things You Might Not Have Thought Of
Creating Web Pages by Hand
Where Did HTML Come From?
Finding Your Purpose
Structuring Your Web Site
Tips for Making Your Site Easy to Read
Tips for Making Your Site Easy to Navigate
Starting a Web Page
Seeing How You Are Doing
HTML Tags
Standard Tags on a Web Page
Adding Hidden Comments
Controlling the Overall Appearance of the Page
Displaying Wallpaper in the Background
Choosing a Background Color
Choosing Colors for Text and Links
Formatting Text
Formatting Headings
Controlling Fonts
Adding Special Characters
Presenting Information in Lists
Presenting Information in Tables
Adding Horizontal Lines
Adding Pictures
Absolute vs. Relative Pathnames
Image Attributes
Adding Links
Adding a Link That Jumps Within the Page
Adding a Link to Your E-mail Address
Gathering Information in Forms
Creating a Form
Fill in the Blanks
Formatting Your Page in Frames
Setting Up Frames
Changing What Appears in a Frame
Formatting Web Pages by Using Styles
Defining the Style Sheet Type
Defining Styles
Style Sheet Rules
Storing Styles in a Separate File
Turning Your Web Page into a Channel
Summary of HTML Tags
Creating Web Pages by Using Web Page Editors
What Is a Web Page Editor?
Advantages of Web Page Editors
Web Page Editing Tasks
Where to Find Web Page Editors
Netscape Composer
Creating a New Page
Modifying Your Page
Saving and Publishing the Page
FrontPage and FrontPage Express
FrontPage Express
FrontPage
PageMill
HotDog Professional
Creating Web Graphics
Graphic File Formats for the Web
Using GIF
Using JPEG for Color Photographs
Other File Formats
Getting GIFs and JPEGs
Getting Web Clip Art from the Internet
Special Effects: Progressive Display and Transparency
What Is Progressive Display?
What Is Transparency?
Setting a GIF Color to Be Transparent
Avoiding or Fixing Transparency Problems
Optimizing Images for the Web
Optimizing for Speed
Optimizing for Quality
Animating GIF Graphics
Creating and Animating Image Sequences
Animating with JavaScript: Rollovers
Advanced Features of Graphics Programs
Anti-Aliasing
Image Slicing
Background (Seamless) Tiling
Advanced Compression and Optimization
Multimedia Graphics
Types of Web Audio Files
Static vs. Streaming Audio Files
Types of Audio Files
How to Create Audio Files for the Web
Step 1. Capturing the Audio
Step 2. Generating a Digital File
Uploading Web Pages
The Uploading Process
Administrative Preparation
File Preparation
Uploading Pages by Using FTP
Uploading Pages by Using NetLoad
Configuring NetLoad
Uploading Your Files
Uploading Pages by Using a Web Page Editor
Analyzing Web Traffic
Web Traffic Analysis Jargon
Log File Data
Data in the Access Log File
Data in Other Log Files
Analyzing Log Files
Tracking Interest in a Topic
Applications for Tracking
Test Marketing
Tracking Individuals
Products for Analyzing Web Traffic
Log Files vs. Log Database
Traffic Analysis Reports
Products to Consider
Building Traffic to Your Web Site
Search Engines
Writing for Search Engine Optimization
Adding <META> Tags
Submitting Your Site to Search Engines
Improving Your <TITLE> Tags
Links to Your Site
Requesting Links on Other Web Sites
Web Rings
Link Exchange Services
Banner Advertising
Creating Compelling Banner Ads
Banner Exchange Services
Media Buying Networks
Measuring Advertising Effectiveness
Traffic Retention
Compelling Content
E-mail Newsletters
Advanced Web Page Options
Adding Clickable Graphics by Using Image Maps
Overview of Image Maps
Client-Side Image Maps
Server-Side Image Maps
Creating Image Map Code
Using Cascading Style Sheets
Creating and Applying Text Styles
Positioning and Animating Objects
Adding Programming to Pages
What Is JavaScript?
Using JavaScript in Web Pages
Using Microsoft Languages and Technologies
Getting Pre-Designed Scripts
What Is Java?
Making Pages Interact with a Server Program
How Do You Make Web Pages Run Server Scripts?
How Do You Pass Data from Forms to Server Scripts?
Writing Scripts
Obtaining and Using Prewritten CGI Scripts
Installing Server Scripts
Using Microsoft’s Active Server Pages (ASPs)
Adding Multimedia
Object Embedding
Adding Audio to Web Pages
Linking and Embedding Audio
Adding Streaming Audio
Adding Video to Web Pages
Web Commerce
Types of Commercial Web Sites
PR Sites
Marketing Sites
Sales Sites
Selling via Secure Servers
Server-Side Security
Digital Certificates
Selecting a Secure Hosting Service
Finding a Secure Hosting Service
Questions to Ask Potential Secure Host Providers
Shopping Cart Software
Interacting with Your Customers
Setting Up a Guestbook
Setting Up Discussion Groups
E-mail
File Transfer Concepts
Using File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP Clients
FTP Servers
Transferring Files by E-mail
Downloading Files from the Web
Quality, Security, and Ownership Issues
Ensuring File Quality and Integrity
Ensuring Security
Observing Property Rights
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Programs
What Kind of FTP Software You Need
Basic Procedure for Using Any FTP Client
Connecting to the FTP Server
Transferring Files
Disconnecting from the Server
Using Command-Driven Clients (UNIX and Windows 98/95)
An Overview of the Session
Changing Directories on the FTP Server
Selecting the Current Folder on Your Computer
Uploading Files
Downloading Files
Using Common FTP Commands
Using GUI-Driven Clients
WS_FTP
Fetch
Using Web Browsers to Transfer Files
Connecting to FTP Servers
Finding Files by Using Archie
Downloading and Installing Software and Other Files
Finding Files on Your Computer After Downloading
Determining What to Do with Downloaded Files
Dealing with Compressed and Archive Files
Compressed Files for Different Computers
Using Self-Extracting Files
Unzipping ZIP Files
Decoding UUE Files
Upacking TAR Archive Files
Decoding and Decompressing Macintosh Files
Installing Programs
Scanning for Viruses
Internet Telephony
Background: The Integrated Digital Telephone Network
Digital Telephony
ISDN Applications
ISDN Protocols and Standards
IP Telephony Software
H.323 Is IP Telephony
H.323 Client Software
Telephony Server Software
Multipoint Conferencing
IP Telephony Hardware and Systems
Voice Processing Cards in IP Telephony
Other IP Telephony Gateway Hardware
IP Telephony un-PBXs
IP Phones
Unified Messaging and IP Telephony
Legal and Tariff Issues
Incumbents vs. IP Telephony
Gateway Providers and Billing
Security, Privacy, and IP Telephony
The Future of Internet Telephony
Should You Be Paying Attention?
Classic Applications
UNIX Shell Accounts
Running a Terminal Emulator
Logging In, Typing Commands, and Logging Out
Telnetting from UNIX
What Finger Reports
Fingering from UNIX
The Web’s Predecessor: Gopher
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