Clough & Penzien - Dynamics of Structures

Sections

1-1 FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVE OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS ANALYSIS
1-2 TYPES OF PRESCRIBED LOADINGS
1-3 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A DYNAMIC PROBLEM
1-4 METHODS OF DISCRETIZATION
Lumped-Mass Procedure
Generalized Displacements
The Finite-Element Concept
1-5 FORMULATION OF THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION
Principle of Virtual Displacements
Variational Approach
1-6 ORGANIZATION OF THE TEXT
2-1 COMPONENTS OF THE BASIC DYNAMIC SYSTEM
2-2 EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE BASIC DYNAMIC SYSTEM
2-3 INFLUENCE OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCES
2-4 INFLUENCE OF SUPPORT EXCITATION
2-5 ANALYSIS OF UNDAMPED FREE VIBRATIONS
2-6 DAMPED FREE VIBRATIONS
Critically-Damped Systems
Undercritically-Damped Systems
Overcritically-Damped Systems
PROBLEMS
3-1 UNDAMPED SYSTEM
Complementary Solution
Particular Solution
General Solution
3-2 SYSTEM WITH VISCOUS DAMPING
3-3 RESONANT RESPONSE
3-4 ACCELEROMETERS AND DISPLACEMENT METERS
3-5 VIBRATION ISOLATION
3-6 EVALUATION OF VISCOUS-DAMPING RATIO
Free-Vibration Decay Method
Resonant Ampliﬁcation Method
Half-Power (Band-Width) Method
Resonance Energy Loss Per Cycle Method
3-7 COMPLEX-STIFFNESS DAMPING
4-1 FOURIER SERIES EXPRESSIONS OF PERIODIC LOADING
Trigonometric Form
Exponential Form
4-2 RESPONSE TO THE FOURIER SERIES LOADING
4-3 PREVIEW OF FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS
5-1 GENERAL NATURE OF IMPULSIVE LOADING
5-2 SINE-WAVE IMPULSE
5-3 RECTANGULAR IMPULSE
5-4 TRIANGULAR IMPULSE
5-5 SHOCK OR RESPONSE SPECTRA
5-6 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF IMPULSIVE-LOAD RESPONSE
6-1 ANALYSIS THROUGH THE TIME DOMAIN
Formulation of Response Integral
6-2 ANALYSIS THROUGH THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Fourier Response Integral
Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT)
Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs)
Evaluation of Dynamic Response
7-1 GENERAL CONCEPTS
7-2 PIECEWISE EXACT METHOD
7-3 NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION PROCEDURES — GENERAL COMMENTS
7-4 SECOND CENTRAL DIFFERENCE FORMULATION
7-5 INTEGRATION METHODS
Euler-Gauss Procedure
Newmark Beta Methods
Conversion to Explicit Formulation
7-6 INCREMENTAL FORMULATION FOR NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
7-7 SUMMARY OF THE LINEAR ACCELERATION PROCEDURE
8-1 GENERAL COMMENTS ON SDOF SYSTEMS
8-2 GENERALIZED PROPERTIES: ASSEMBLAGES OF RIGID BODIES
8-3 GENERALIZED PROPERTIES: DISTRIBUTED FLEXIBILITY
8-4 EXPRESSIONS FOR GENERALIZED SYSTEM PROPERTIES
8-5 VIBRATION ANALYSIS BY RAYLEIGH’S METHOD
8-6 SELECTION OF THE RAYLEIGH VIBRATION SHAPE
8-7 IMPROVED RAYLEIGH METHOD
9-1 SELECTION OF THE DEGREES OF FREEDOM
9-2 DYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION
9-3 AXIAL-FORCE EFFECTS
10-1 ELASTIC PROPERTIES
Flexibility
Stiffness
Basic Structural Concepts
Finite-Element Stiffness
10-2 MASS PROPERTIES
Lumped-Mass Matrix
Consistent-Mass Matrix
10-3 DAMPING PROPERTIES
10-4 EXTERNAL LOADING
Static Resultants
Consistent Nodal Loads
10-5 GEOMETRIC STIFFNESS
Linear Approximation
Consistent Geometric Stiffness
10-6 CHOICE OF PROPERTY FORMULATION
11-1 ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION FREQUENCIES
11-2 ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION MODE SHAPES
11-3 FLEXIBILITY FORMULATION OF VIBRATION ANALYSIS
11-4 INFLUENCE OF AXIAL FORCES
Free Vibrations
Buckling Load
Buckling with Harmonic Excitation
11-5 ORTHOGONALITY CONDITIONS
Basic Conditions
Additional Relationships
Normalizing
12-1 NORMAL COORDINATES
12-2 UNCOUPLED EQUATIONS OF MOTION: UNDAMPED
12-3 UNCOUPLED EQUATIONS OF MOTION: VISCOUS DAMPING
12-4 RESPONSE ANALYSIS BY MODE DISPLACEMENT SUPERPOSITION
Viscous Damping
Complex-Stiffness Damping
12-5 CONSTRUCTION OF PROPORTIONAL VISCOUS DAMPING MATRICES
Rayleigh Damping
Extended Rayleigh Damping
Alternative Formulation
Construction of Nonproportional Damping Matrices
12-6 RESPONSE ANALYSIS USING COUPLED EQUATIONS OF MOTION
Time Domain
Frequency Domain
12-8 PRACTICAL PROCEDURE FOR SOLVING COUPLED EQUATIONS OF MOTION
12-9 INTERPOLATION PROCEDURE FOR GENERATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
13-1 PRELIMINARY COMMENTS
13-2 FUNDAMENTAL MODE ANALYSIS
13-3 PROOF OF CONVERGENCE
13-4 ANALYSIS OF HIGHER MODES
Second-Mode Analysis
Analysis of Third and Higher Modes
Analysis of Highest Mode
13-5 BUCKLING ANALYSIS BY MATRIX ITERATION
13-6 INVERSE ITERATION — THE PREFERRED PROCEDURE
13-7 INVERSE ITERATION WITH SHIFTS
13-8 SPECIAL EIGENPROBLEM TOPICS
Eigenproperty Expansion
Symmetric Form of Dynamic Matrix
Analysis of Unconstrained Structures
14-1 FINITE-ELEMENT DEGREES OF FREEDOM
One-Dimensional Elements
Two- and Three-Dimensional Elements
14-2 KINEMATIC CONSTRAINTS
14-3 STATIC CONDENSATION
14-4 RAYLEIGH METHOD IN DISCRETE COORDINATES
14-5 RAYLEIGH-RITZ METHOD
14-6 SUBSPACE ITERATION
14-7 REDUCTION OF MODAL TRUNCATION ERRORS
General Comments on Coordinate Reduction
Modal Contributions
Static Correction Procedure 1
Mode Acceleration Method
14-8 DERIVED RITZ VECTORS
Preliminary Comments
Derivation Details
Tridiagonal Equations of Motion
Loss of Orthogonality
Required Number of Vectors
15-1 Preliminary Comments
15-2 Incremental Equations of Motion
15-3 Step-by-Step Integration: Constant Average Acceleration Method
15-4 Step-by-Step Integration: Linear Acceleration Method
15-5 Strategies for Analysis of Coupled MDOF Systems
Localized Nonlinearity2
Coupled Effects Treated as Pseudo-Forces
16-1 GENERALIZED COORDINATES
16-2 HAMILTON’S PRINCIPLE
16-3 LAGRANGE’S EQUATIONS OF MOTION
16-4 DERIVATION OF THE GENERAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS
16-5 CONSTRAINTS AND LAGRANGE MULTIPLIERS
17-1 INTRODUCTION
17-2 BEAM FLEXURE: ELEMENTARY CASE
17-3 BEAM FLEXURE: INCLUDING AXIAL-FORCE EFFECTS
17-4 BEAM FLEXURE: INCLUDING VISCOUS DAMPING
17-5 BEAM FLEXURE: GENERALIZED SUPPORT EXCITATIONS
17-6 AXIAL DEFORMATIONS: UNDAMPED
18-1 BEAM FLEXURE: ELEMENTARY CASE
18-2 BEAM FLEXURE: INCLUDING AXIAL-FORCE EFFECTS
18-3 BEAM FLEXURE: WITH DISTRIBUTED ELASTIC SUPPORT
18-4 BEAM FLEXURE: ORTHOGONALITY OF VIBRATION MODE SHAPES
18-5 FREE VIBRATIONS IN AXIAL DEFORMATION
19-1 NORMAL COORDINATES
19-2 UNCOUPLED FLEXURAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION: UNDAMPED CASE
19-3 UNCOUPLED FLEXURAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION: DAMPED CASE
19-4 UNCOUPLED AXIAL EQUATIONS OF MOTION: UNDAMPED CASE
19-5 WAVE-PROPAGATION ANALYSIS
Basic Axial-Wave-Propagation Equation
Consideration of Boundary Conditions
Discontinuity in Bar Properties
20-1 SINGLE RANDOM VARIABLE
20-2 IMPORTANT AVERAGES OF A SINGLE RANDOM VARIABLE
20-3 ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM WALK
20-4 TWO RANDOM VARIABLES
20-5 IMPORTANT AVERAGES OF TWO RANDOM VARIABLES
20-6 SCATTER DIAGRAM AND CORRELATION OF TWO RANDOM VARIABLES
20-7 PRINCIPAL AXES OF JOINT PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
20-8 RAYLEIGH PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
20-9 m RANDOM VARIABLES
20-10 LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS OF NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED RANDOM VARIABLES
21-2 STATIONARY AND ERGODIC PROCESSES
21-3 AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION FOR STATIONARY PROCESSES
21-4 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY FUNCTION FOR STATIONARY PROCESSES
21-7 SUPERPOSITION OF STATIONARY PROCESSES
21-8 STATIONARY GAUSSIAN PROCESSES: ONE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
21-9 STATIONARY WHITE NOISE
21-10 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR MAXIMA1
21-11 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR EXTREME VALUES2
21-12 NONSTATIONARY GAUSSIAN PROCESSES
21-13 STATIONARY GAUSSIAN PROCESS: TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
22-1 TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
22-2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INPUT AND OUTPUT AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTIONS
22-4 RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS FOR NARROWBAND SYSTEMS
22-6 FATIGUE PREDICTIONS FOR NARROWBAND SYSTEMS
23-1 TIME-DOMAIN RESPONSE FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS USING NORMAL MODES
23-2 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN RESPONSE FOR LINEAR SYSTEMS USING NORMAL MODES
23-3 NORMAL MODE FORCING FUNCTION DUE TO DISCRETE LOADINGS
23-4 NORMAL MODE FORCING FUNCTION DUE TO DISTRIBUTED LOADINGS
24-1 INTRODUCTORY NOTE
24-2 SEISMICITY
24-3 EARTHQUAKE FAULTS AND WAVES
24-4 STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
24-5 PLATE TECTONICS
24-6 ELASTIC-REBOUND THEORY OF EARTHQUAKES
24-7 MEASURES OF EARTHQUAKE SIZE
25-1 FOURIER AND RESPONSE SPECTRA
25-2 FACTORS INFLUENCING RESPONSE SPECTRA
25-3 DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRA
Dual Strategy of Seismic Design
Peak Ground Accelerations
Response Spectrum Shapes
Uniform-Hazard Site-Speciﬁc Response Spectra
Two Horizontal Components of Motion
25-4 DESIGN ACCELEROGRAMS
Response Spectrum Compatible Accelerograms
Principal Axes of Motion
Spatially Correlated Motions
26-1 TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION
26-2 RESPONSE TO RIGID-SOIL EXCITATIONS
Lumped SDOF Elastic Systems, Translational Excitation
Lumped MDOF Elastic Systems, Translational Excitation
Comparison with ATC-3 Recommended Code Provisions
Distributed-Parameter Elastic Systems, Translational Excitation
Lumped MDOF Elastic Systems, Rotational Excitation
Lumped MDOF Elastic Systems, Multiple Excitation
Lumped SDOF Elastic-Plastic Systems, Translational Excitation
26-3 COMBINING MAXIMUM MODAL RESPONSES
Mean Square Response of a Single Mode
Covariance of Response Produced by Two Modes
SRSS and CQC Combination of Modal Responses
Combining Two-Component-Excitation Responses
27-1 SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION BY DIRECT ANALYSIS
Kinematic Interaction for Translational Excitation; the Tau Effect
Direct Inclusion of a Bounded Soil Layer
27-2 SUBSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF SSI RESPONSE
Lumped SDOF System on Rigid Mat Foundation
General MDOF System with Multiple Support Excitation
Generation of Boundary Impedances
27-3 RESPONSE OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
Free-Field Ground Motions Due To Propagating Plane Waves
Racking Deformations of Cross Sections
Overall Axial and Flexural Deformations
Inﬂuence of Transverse Joints on Axial Deformations
28-1 MODELING OF STRONG GROUND MOTIONS

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