TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] CC THIT B C BN Cc thit b c bn ca nh my in v trm in 1. My pht in ng b. (k hiu trong bn v) 2.

Thanh dn 3. My bin p lc v MBA t ngu 4. My ct cao p 5. Dao cch ly, dao tip a. 6. My ct di ti, cu ch, chng st van, khng in, 7. My bin dng 8. My bin in p 9. ng dy trn khng 10. Cp v dy dn.

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] I. 1. MY PHT IN NG B

Chc nng: Sn xut ra in nng v l thit b c bn ca nh my in. Dng ca my in quyt nh cu trc v c im vn hnh ca ton nh my. 2. Phn loi: - My pht tc nhanh 1000-1500- 3000vng/pht: ng dng trong cc nh my nhit in v nh my in nguyn t. - My pht tc thp hn 1000 vng/pht thng ng dng cho nh my thy in. - Cng sut my pht thng nh hn 800MW. Tuy nhin hin nay ang thit k my pht c cng sut ln hn. 3. c im vn hnh: - in p nh mc ca my pht thng cao hn 5% so vi in p li, b cho phn tn hao in p. - H s cng sut my pht ph thuc vo c tnh ca ti. Khi h s cng sut tng vi dng in khng i th cng sut tc dng tng c th lm qu ti my pht. Khi gim h s cng sut s khng s dng ht cng sut ca tuabin. V vy phi lun gi cho in p my pht gi tr nh mc v khng i. - H thng kch t ca my pht ng b cp ngun DC cho cun kch t. Trong thc t rt hay s dng my pht mt chiu, hoc b bin i cng sut AC-DC. - H thng lm mt my pht thng s dng khng kh, ngoi ra c th s dng nc, du. - Trong trng hp s c cho php khong thi gian qu ti ng vi dng qu ti: Iqt/Im 1,1 1,15 1,2 1,25 1,3 1,4 1,5 2,0 T(pht) 60 15 6 5 4 3 2 1

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] II. S CCH IN

1. Chc nng: c nhim v dy dn v cch in cho ng dy trn khng cho cc thit b phn phi ca nh my in v trm bin p. 2. Phn loi: theo kt cu ta chia s cao p ra lm hai loi: s ng v s treo - S ng c dng cho cc ng dy trn khng h p v cao p nh hn 35 kV. S ng c c nh trn ct in hay trn x ca ct in bng cc tr x bng kim loi

S kiu thanh

S kiu thanh

S kiu ng ngoi tri

- S treo c dng ph bin cho ng dy trn khng in p t 35 kV tr ln. S treo c ni li vi nhau thnh tng chui. S lng a s trong mt chui s ph thuc vo cp in p ca ng dy.

S treo 3. 4.

S treo

Cu to: Nguyn liu ch to s cch in l cao lanh (t st trng), thy tinh hoc vt liu composit. Thng s S S treo K hiu Dng in nh mc Idm Dng in bn nhit Inh in p nh mc in p nh mc Um in p phng in t in p phng in t Updu in p phng in kh in p phng in kh Updk Lc ph hy nh nht Lc ph hy nh nht Fmin (N) Khi lng Khi lng m Page3

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

5. Chn v kim tra cch in: - S c chn v kim tra theo tc dng ph hy ca dng in ngn mch xung kch ixk (kA). Ti trng xu nht i vi s l ti trng gy nn m men un ln nht, v s chu un km hn chu lc ko v v nn. U m U luoi 1 h' 2 Ftt = 1.76.10 7 i xk v k = ak h

Ftt Fcp = 0.6 Fmin

Trong : Fcp- lc cho php tc dng ln u s (N) Ftt- lc tnh ton tc ng ln u s. k- h s hiu chnh, h s ny c th tnh trc tip hoc s dng bng sau. a -Khong cch gia cc pha (m) i xk - (A) dng in ngn mch xung kch.

- S treo c chn v kim tra theo tc dng lc ng in v tc dng nhit ca dng in ngn mch I m I lv, max

I nh I
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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

I lv,max - dng lm vic ln nht

I - dng ngn mch duy tr

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] III. THANH DN

1. Chc nng: c nhim v chuyn dng in t ngun n thit b phn phi. Qua dng c chuyn qua h thng thanh ci v chuyn vo li in. 2. Phn loi: Trong mng in phn phi in p ln hn 1000V thng s dng thanh gp lm bng ng, nhm, thp dng trn hay hnh ch nht. 3. Thng s c bn - Kch thc thanh dn ( mm mm ) - Dng in cho php ca thanh dn I cptd (A).

4. La chn: a. La chn thanh dn theo dng in lu di cho php: I I cptd lv, max k1k 2 k3 Trong : k1 - h s hiu chnh khi thanh dn t nm ngang: k1 = 0.95 k2 h s hiu chnh xt ti trng hp nhiu thanh ghp k3 h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng BIGING MN CUNG CP IN Page6

TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

b. Kim tra thanh dn theo iu kin tc dng ca dng in ngn mch: m bo bn c kh c dng in ngn mch i qua, ng sut tnh ton ca thanh dn khng c ln hn ng sut cho php ca n: cp tt Lc cho php un cong thanh dn:

l Lc tnh ton do tc ng hc ca dng in ngn mch: l 2 Ftt = 1.76i xk .10 2 a

Fcp =

10 cpW

Trong : W - m men cn, cm3 l - chiu di khong cch gia hai s, cm a- Khong cch gia cc pha, cm Fcp Ftt

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i vi thanh dn n:

tt =
-

Ftt l 10W

i vi thanh dn ghp

tt =

Ftt l f l2 + R2 10W 2.b .h

Ftt l - l thnh phn tng h gia cc pha 10W 2 f R l - l thnh phn tng h gia cc thanh trong mt pha 2.b 2 .h 2 i xk fR = .10 2 - lc tc dng ring gia cc thanh trong mt pha kg/cm b l - khong cch gia cc ming m - h s c xc nh t ng cong

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] c. Kim tra bn nhit ca thanh dn: m bo bn nhit ca thanh dn cn sao cho dng in ngn mch qua chng khng lm tng nhit vt qu gii hn cho php.

snh = .I t nmqd
l .b.4 h fR

Trong : snh - tit din bn nhit, (mm2) - h s nhit. t nmqd - thi gian ngn mch quy i (s)
I - dng in ngn mch duy tr (kA)

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] IV. MY BIN P LC

1. Chc nng: l thit b in chnh ca trm bin p, c nhim v chuyn i in p t cp in p t 6,3-10,5 kV ln 110-750 kV cho chuyn ti, hay chuyn t cp in p cao xung cp in p 6-10kV v 0,4 kV cho cc h tiu th. 2. Phn loi a. Theo iu kin lm vic: MBA thng thng v MBA c bit b. Theo dng lm mt: MBA du (M), MBA kh (C), MBA cht liu cc in khng chy (). MBA du dng cho ni c kh nng chy n thp. Ni c kh nng chy n cao s dng hai loi cui c. Theo s pha: MBA 1 pha, 3 pha d. Theo kh nng iu khin in p: MBA c v khng c kh nng iu khin in p di ti. e. Theo s cun dy: hai cun dy, ba cun dy. f. Theo chc nng: MBA tng, h in p. 3. Cu to v thng s k thut - Thng s c bn ca MBA: Cng sut nh mc Sm (kVA) in p nh mc ca cc cun dy chnh Umcao, Um_ha (kV) S kt ni ca cc cun dy (Y, ), Dng in nh mc cun cao p Im(A) Dng in ngn khng ti Io (A) hoc %Im in p ngn mch Unm (%). Tn hao cng sut khng ti Po(kW) Tn hao cng sut ngn mch Pnm (kW). cos2 h s cng sut mch th cp H s mang ti =S/Sm. - Thang cng sut nh mc chun ca MBA v my bin p t ngu.

Cu to

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

My bin p du
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4. Mt s c im khi vn hnh MBA - b tn hao in p i vi MBA tng p pha cao p thng c in p cao hn in p li 10%, i vi MBA h p pha h p c in p cao hn 5-10% in p nh mc li. - Ti cc trm bin in p thng s dng MBA 3 pha hoc nhm cc my bin p mt pha. - Trong h thng in v trong nh my ngi ta thng s dng MBA ba pha, v MBA mt pha mc tin hn nhiu v cn nhiu kim loi mu hn (c th l Cu 20%) vi cng mt cng sut, V th MBA mt pha ch s dng trong nhng trng hp khng th lp t MBA ba pha - Thi gian lm vic chun ca MBA l 25 nm c cho php qu ti. C 3% non ti cho php 1% qu ti trn cng n v thi gian. 1% non ti ma h cho php 1% qu ti ma ng. y l qu ti bnh thng (qu ti thng xuyn), tuy nhin qu ti thng xuyn cho php ca MBA du l 30%, MBA kh l 20%. - Trong trng hp s c, khi ngt mt trong hai MBA, MBA th hai cho php qu ti 40% khng qu 6 gi trong vng 5 ngy m. BIGING MN CUNG CP IN Page12

TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

- My bin p t ngu c 2 cun dy ni t chung Yo v cun th ba u tam gic, cun ny li c hai cun dy c tnh in t. Do c cun ni tam gic m sc in ng ca hi bc 3 b trit tiu v gim in tr th t khng mng trung tnh ni t. iu ny rt quan trng trong vic nng cao nhy ca r le bo v cu ch trong li in. - ng dng MBA t ngu trong h thng cung cp in: lin lc gia li in cao p. Khi ta s dng hai cun dy u Yo u vi nhau. Cn cun th 3 c ni vi my pht, MBA t dng v my b ng b, trm b tnh hoc h. 5. La chn MBA: a. Dng MBA: vic la chn dng MBA da trn iu kin lp t, lm mt, mi trng. MBA 35kV tr ln thng lm mt bng du v c lp t ngoi tri. MBA in p 6,3-22kV thng l dng kh v c th lp t trong nh v cung cp in cho nh hnh chnh. b. La chn s lng MBA: - i vi h tiu th loi 1 v mt phn loi 2, s lng MBA cn c la chn t nht 2, m bo tin cy cung cp in. Tuy nhin v mt kinh t trm hai MBA hp l hn mt my v nhiu hn hai my. - i vi h tiu th loi 3 v mt phn loi 2 c th dng phng n mt MBA v ngun d tr t trm bin p bn cnh.

c. La chn cng sut MBA: - Theo iu kin qu ti thng xuyn: MBA c nhng lc vn hnh non ti, th cng c th vn hnh qu ti trong mt khong thi gian no m khng b h hng. T c im ca th ph ti, c c trng bi h s in kn ta c th xc nh c kh nng qu ti ca MBA. Trnh t tnh ton: 1. Theo th ph ti ta chn cng sut MBA sao cho S min S m _ MBA S max

2. ng tr th ph ti thnh th hai bc bng cch xc nh h s vn hnh qu ti K2 v h s vn hnh non ti K1. a. Xc nh h s ti tng gi v h s ph ti cc i Si S max Ki = ; K max = S m _ MBA S m _ MBA Trong Si - cng sut ti ca MBA. b. Xc nh h s vn hnh qu ti K2 v thi gian qu ti T2 bng cch ng tr vng c cng sut ti ln hn cng sut nh mc ca MBA (h s Ki>1) Nu th ph ti ch c mt vng qu ti lin tc v c hai hay nhiu bc nh hnh 1

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

Ti Nu th ph ti c nhiu vng qu ti khng lin tc nh hnh 2 th ch ly vng no c tng K i2Ti ln nht tnh nh trn, cc vng cn li s xt khi xc nh K1

K t 2 =

K i2Ti

Nu K t 2 0.9 K max th K 2 = K t 2 v T2 = Ti
(0.9 K max ) 2 Nu th ph ti ch c mt vng qu ti lin tc v ch c mt bc th K 2 = K max v

K i2Ti Nu K t 2 < 0.9 K max th K 2 = 0.9 K max v T2 =

T2 = Ti
S(kVA) Smax Sm_MBA Smin 6

24

c. Xc nh K1: ch cn ng tr th ph ti trong khong thi gian 10 gi trc vng tnh K2 (k c phn qu ti khng c xt khi tn K2).
K1 = K t1 =

K 2T j j

10 Nu vng trc K2 khng th ly 10 gi sau K2. Nu tng vng u nh hn 10 gi th gp phn sau ra phn trc K2.
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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

Nu tng c hai vng trc v sau nh hn 10, c ngha l thi gian qu ti T2 14 gi th phi nng cng sut MBA. 3. T ng cong kh nng mang ti ca MBA ta xc nh h s qu ti cho php ca MBA K qtcp = f ( K1 , T2 )

Nu K qtcp K 2 : MBA c chn ph hp vi th cho Nu K qtcp < K 2 : MBA c chn khng ph hp vi th cho, phi chn MBA ln hn. V d: Cho cc MBA sau y 40MVA, 63MVA, 80MVA

Theo iu kin qu ti s c: khi hai MBA vn hnh song song m mt trong hai b s c phi ngh, MBA cn li c th vn hnh vi ph ti ln hn nh mc khng ph thuc vo nhit mi trng trong thi gian 6 gi mi ngy trong 5 ngy m. Trnh t tnh ton: 1. ng tr th ph ti v hai bc (nh trn) 2. Nu K1 0.93 ; K 2 1.4 v T2 6 : MBA c la chn ph hp vi th ph ti. 3. Nu khng tha mn 1 trong 3 iu kin trn th phi chn MBA ln hn. V d: Cho cc MBA sau y: 25MVA,40MVA, 60MVA -

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] V. MY CT

1. Chc nng: Dng ng ngt li in trn 1000V khi c ti v dng in ngn mch. My ct cao th c th ng ngt ch bnh thng v ch s c khi dng in tng ln. My ct cao p l thit b ng ngt tin cy nhng gi thnh cao, nn ch s dng nhng ni quan trng. 2. Cu to v vn hnh: - Khi ngt mch in c dng gia hai tip im s xut hin h quang. ngt mch in khi c dng ln phi c b phn dp h quang: thng s dng kh tr nn SF6, khng kh nn, du hay chn khng. - iu khin ng ngt my ct c th bng tay, t xa hoc t ng. Thit b ng ngt my ct c gi l b truyn ng, thit b ny c gn lin vi cc tip im. - Phn loi b truyn ng: b truyn ng l xo, b truyn ng kh nn, b truyn ng thy kh 3. Phn loi my ct: My ct trong nh My ct ngoi tri My ct t ng My ct vn hnh bng tay. My ct kh SF6 dng nhiu cho in p 6-22 kV My ct du dng nhiu cho in p 35 kV v cao hn My ct chn khng dng nhiu cho in p 6-22 kV My ct in t dng nhiu cho in p 6-22 kV My ct khng kh: cho in p 35 kV c kh nn dng cho110-500kV 4. Thng s nh mc ca my ct:

Thng s in p nh mc (kV) Dng in nh mc (A) Dng in gii hn Tr hiu dng (kA) Bin (kA) Dng in n nh nhit 1s 2s 3s Cng sut ct nh mc (MVA) Dng in ct nh mc (kA) Thi gian ng (s) Thi gian ct hon ton (s) Lng tiu hao khng kh (m ) Khi lng (kg)
3

K hiu U m
I m

V d 110 2000 31.5 80 --31.5 --6000 31.5 0.25 0.08 11 7500

i xk, cp I nh

S cat _ m I cat _ m t dong tcat

5. La chon may cat cao ap. Chon may cat theo dang at thiet b: trong nha hay ngoai tri La chon may cat theo loai: - MC dau : t dau , nhieu dau. - MC khong kh - MC chan khong - MC kh SF6 hoac cac loai may cat ien khac phu hp vi ieu kien cho phep BIGING MN CUNG CP IN Page17

TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] La chon may cat co c cau t ong lai hay khong t ong lai: neu may cat co at them c cau t ong ong lai th kha nang cat cua no giam xuong bang cach them he so k TDL < 1 . Gia tr cua he so k TDL cho trong (6-2). iu kin la chn 1. U dm U HT 2. I m I lv _ max 3. I cat _ m I Neu la may cat t ong lai
I cat _ m
( I N3) KTDL

4. S cat , dm S NM Neu la may cat t ong lai Trong :

U HT - ien ap li (kV)
S NM = 3U m I - Cng sut ct tnh ton (MVA)

S cat _ dm

S NM K TDL

ixk,tt - dng in ngn mch xung kch (kA) ttt - thi gian duy tr dng ngn mch (s) ttt = t cat _ MC + t role tcat _ MC = 0.1s nu l tc ng nhanh tcat _ MC = 0.15s 0.2s nu l tc ng chm t role = 0.02 s 0.05s I - dng in ngn mch duy tr (kA)

iu kin kim tra - Kiem tra theo o ben ong

1. i xk , cp i xk , tt Kiem tra theo o ben nhiet 2 2 2. I nh tcat I ttt Ky hieu Cong thc U dm, MC U luoi

ai lng chon va kiem tra - ien ap nh mc - Dong ien lau dai nh mc A Dong ien cat nh mc kA Cong suat cat nh mc , MVA Dong ien ngan mach xung kch cho phep kA Dong ien o ben nhiet sau thi gian Theo o ben nhiet

I m I lv _ max
( I cat _ m I N3)

S cat _ m S K i xk , cp i xk , tt
2 2 I nhtcat I ttt

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] VI. DAO CCH LY

1. Chc nng: l thit b in dng to ra khong h cch in t nhn thy trong mch in gia b phn mang dng in v b phn ct in vi mc ch m bo an ton cho nhn vin sa cha trong thi gian sa cha hay thay i s . 2. Vn hnh: Theo quy trnh vn hnh an ton trong thi gian sa cha, my ct phi c tip t c hai pha v dao cch ly c nhim v ny. - Dao cch ly khng c thit b dp h quang v th n ch c th ng vi dng rt nh: dng khng ti MBA (10kV n 750kVA; 20KV n 6300kVA; 35kV n 20000kVA v 110kV40000kVA), dng trung tnh ni t MBA v cun dp h quang, dng c bng (khi in p lch nhau khng qu 2%), dng ngn mch vi t (khng qu 5A in p 35kV v 10A in p 10kV) hay dng khng ln tch t trong cp hay dy trn khng. - Khi ngt dng ti c th xy ra ngn mch cc pha ca dao cch ly v vy trnh ngt in khi c ti nhm bng dao cch ly phi c thit b chn. 3. Phn loi dao cch ly: Dao cch ly trong nh Dao cch ly ngoi tri Dao cch ly mt cc Dao cch ly ba cc 4. Thng s dao cch ly iu kin la chon va kiem tra dao cach ly ai lng chon va kiem tra Cong thc I dm,CC I cb Dong ien nh mc ien ap nh mc U dm,CC U HT Dong ien cat nh mc I I
cat , dm cb ,tt

Kiem tra dao cach ly theo on nh lc ong ien Kiem tra dao cach ly theo on nh nhiet

I xk ,cp I xk ,tt
2 2 I Ncp t Ncp I t N

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] VII. DAO TIP A

1. Chc nng: l thit b dng to ngn mch nhn to trong trng hp khi c h hng trong MBA m dng khng rle bo v tc ng. - Dao tip a s dng s khng c my ct pha cao p. - Dao tip a c lp t ngoi tri - iu khin dao tip t bng b truyn ng nh cc r le dng cc i v cun ngt. Dao tip a ng t ng nh l so khi truyn ng tc ng t r le. Dao tip a ngt bng tay. Khi s dng ng thi c dao cch ly t ng v dao tip t trm bin p 35-220 kV cho php tit kim my ct cao p m khng lm gim tin cy.

- Gii thch s : bo v MBA tc ng do MBA b h, tc ng n r le dao tip a lm dao tip a ng li, to dng ngn mch v thit b bo v ng dy tc ng. ng dy b ngt khi ngun bng my ct pha trn. Trong thi gian khng c dng chy trong dy dao cch ly t dng ngt mch. - Tip a - Thit b mt cc ni vo trung tnh MBA (c th ni t hoc khng). Nguyn tc lm vic tng t nh dao ni t, nhng ch khc l n c ng ngt bng tay.

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

VIII. MY CT PH TI 1. Chc nng : - L thit b ng ct n gin v r tin hn my ct in thng c s dng cho li 6-22kV v thng ni tip vi cu ch cao p. - C cu to gn ging nh dao cch ly nhng c bung dp h quang n gin nn n ch c th ct dng in ti, ch khng ct c dng in ngn mch. ct dng in ngn mch ta s dng thm cu ch. - ng ngt li vi dng lm vic bng my ct ti. Khi c s c ngn mch th cu ch tc ng v tch phn t s c ra khi li.

ai lng chon va kiem tra ien ap nh mc may cat phu tai Dong ien nh mc may cat phu tai khong t ong Dong ien ngan mach xung kch cho phep cua may cat phu tai Dong ien o ben nhiet sau thi gian neu may cat phu tai ch cat dong ien lam viec , khong co cau ch Kiem tra theo on nh nhiet Cong suat cat nh mc cua cau ch

Cong thc U dm, MC U HT

I dm, MC I cb i xk ,cp i xk ,tt I Ncp I tN t cat , MC

2 2 I Ncp t Ncp I t N

S dm _ Cat _ CC S NM
S NM = 3U HT I

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] IX. CU CH 1. Cu ch: - L thit b bo v t ng ngt mch khi c s c qu ti v ngn mch. Mch b ngt khi ch b chy ra, v th tt c cc thit b c bo v. - Dy chy cu ch lm bng ch, hp kim ch vi thic, km, nhm, ng, bc: Hp kim ch thic c nhit nng chy thp, in tr sut kh ln, nn n thng c ch to vi tit din ln v thch hp vi in p di 500V. i vi in p cao (hn 1000V), dy chy thng lm bng ng, bc c in tr sut nh v nhit nng chy cao, v nu dng ch lng hi kim loi ta ra ln. - u im: Cu to n gin. Tc ng nhanh (Nh hn mt chu k) Gi thnh thp. - Nhc im: Ch ngt khi dng kh ln so vi dng nh mc ca dy ch. Khi cu ch ngt c th gy qu p. C th b ngt 1 pha (khi pha khng u)

2. La chn v kim tra cu ch: ai lng chon va kiem tra Dong ien nh mc ien ap nh mc Dong ien cat nh mc Cong suat cat nh mc cua cau ch Cong thc I dm ,CC I cb

U dm,CC U HT
( I cat ,dm I N3)

S dm _ Cat _ CC S NM
S NM = 3U HT I

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] X. CHNG ST VAN 1. Chng st van: c nhim v bo v sng in t qu in p chy t ng dy truyn ti n Cu trc c bn bao gm 2 cc lm vic trn nguyn l t u nhau. Mt cc ni vo thit b cn cc th 2 ni t. Bnh thng hai cc trng thi cch ly vi nhau. Khi sng in t qu in p t gi tr Unhthng lm cho hai cc dn in qua nhau, mt phn sng qua thit b c bo v, phn cn li c chuyn xung t.

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] XI. KHNG IN

1. Khng in: l thit b dng gim dng ngn mch v dng khi ng ng c. Khng in c cu trc l cun cm c li thp, c cun bi cc dy cun cch in v c gn vo tm b tng hoc vt cch in.

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] XII. MY BIN DNG IN 1. My bin dng in (BI): - BI trong li di 1000V gim dng in n gi tr ph hp vi cun dy ca cc thit b o v thit b bo v. - BI trong li trn 1000V ngoi nhim v gim dng in cn phi cch ly mch cao p vi mch iu khin m bo an ton cho thit b di 1000V. - Dng in th cp ca my bin dng thng l 5A 2. La chon BI theo cac tieu chuan sau: a. Theo dong th cap : 1,5,10 A b. Theo cap chnh xac: 0,2 % dung cho PTN 0,5 % dung cho cong t ien 1% dung cho ong ho ien 5-10% - dung cho c cau truyen ong may cat c. Theo ien ap nh mc. U dm, BI U HT d. Theo dong ien s cap nh mc I 1dm, BI I cb e. Theo phu tai mach th cap

S 2 dm S 2tt
Trong :

S 2 dm - Phu tai nh mc cua mach th cap BI ( W ) S 2tt - Phu tai tnh toan mach th cap BI ( W )

Phu tai nh mc cua mach th cap c tnh nh sau 2 S 2 dm = I 2 dm Z 2 dm Z 2 dm = r tb + rcp ,dd + rtx Trong o

Z 2 dm - tong tr cho phep toan phan cua mach th cap r tb - tong tr cac thiet b noi vao mach th cap rcp,dd - ien tr cho phep cua day noi rtx - ien tr tiep xuc rtx = 0,1

Vay tiet dien nho nhat cua day dan c tnh theo cong thc ltt ,dd Fdd = rcp,dd

ltt ,dd - chieu dai tnh toan cua day dan phu thuoc vao s o ket noi

- ien tr xuat cua day dan.

Khi s o noi hnh sao hoan toan : ltt = l ;khi s o hnh sao khong hoan toan : ltt = 1,5l ;khi s o dung mot may bien dong : ltt = 2l ; trong o l- chieu dai day dan t may bien dong en cac dung cu o , tiet dien tieu chuan cua day dan khong c be hn tiet dien tnh toan . Tiet dien nho nhat cua day dan mach th cap may bien dong bang 2,5mm 2 oi vi day nhom ,bang 1,5mm2 oi vi day ong

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] 3. Kiem tra may bien dong: a. Theo o ben ien ong cua may bien dong: o ben ien ong cua BI c ac trng bang ty so gia tr hieu dung dong ien xung kch nh mc I xk ,dm va dong ien s cap goi la he so o ben k d

kd =

I xk ,dm I 1dm, BI

He so k d do nha che tao quy nh . V vay ieu kien kiem tra o ben ien ong cua may bien dong nh sau :
(3 2k d I dm , BI i xk ),tt

(6-48)
2 ( K nh I dm , BI ) 2 t nh B N = I t N

b. Theo on nh nhiet Trong o K nh - he so o ben nhiet

K nh = t nh - thi gian
ai lng kiem tra Dong ien s cap nh mc I dd , BI , A ien ap nh mc U dd , BI , kV Phu tai cuon th cap S 2 dd VA He so o ben ien ong trong cua may bien dong , k d

I I dm, BI
Cong thc I dd , BI I dd ,thb

U dd , BI U dd ,thb
2 S 2 dd S 2tt = S thietbi + I 2 (rthietbi + rcongtac )

rcongtac = 0,1
kd i xk ,tt 2 I dm , BI
2 2 i xk ,tt l

Lc cho phep tren au s may bien dong t pha cuoi L2 (o ben ien ong ngoai ),kG He so o ben mot giay

Fd 0,88.10
k nh

I tN I dd , BI t dd ,nh

Ky hieu : i xk ,tt -Dong ien ngan mach xung kch ,kA ; I - Dong ien ngan mach duy tr ; ,kA;

t qd - thi gian ngan mach quy oi ;s; I dd , BI - Dong ien nh mc s cap cua may bien dong
,kA; a- khoang cach gia cac truc pha ,cm; l- khoang cach t may bien dong en s gan nhat t pha cuoi L2 , cm

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] XIII. MY BIN IN P 1. My bin in p (BU) c gn trn thanh ci hay ng dy c nhim v o lng v tc dng trong iu khin bng cch a thng tin v dng v in p n cc thit b iu khin, bo v. - BU c kt ni vi cun dy in p thit b o lng, bo v v theo di. BU trong li trn 1000V cch ly mch cao p vi mch iu khin m bo an ton cho thit b di 1000V - in p th cp ca my bin in p l 100V hay 100 3 - Cp chnh xc ca BI v BU l 0,5;1;3 . - Cun th cp ca BI v BU c tip t trnh qu in p trn thit b o lng bo v v iu khin. 2. La chon BU : a. Theo cap ien ap nh mc s cap, cap chnh xac va to au day. b. Theo ien ap th cap nh mc c. Theo s o to au day d. Theo cap chnh xac : dung cu co yeu cau cao nhat. e. Theo phu tai; tong phu tai thiet b noi vao BU nho hn cong suat inh mc cua BU
S2 =

( P ) + ( Q )
2 dc dc

- Chon day dan t BU en cac thit b sao cho ton that ien ap khong ln hn 0,5% ien ap nh mc th cap. ai lng chon va kiem tra Cong thc U dm, BU U HT ien ap s cap nh mc U dd , BU , kV
Loai va s o to noi day Phu tai pha S 2 dd ,VA Sai so U ,% Ten dung cu Phu thuoc vao chc nang cua may bien ap S 2,tt S 2dm, BU

U U cp
Cong suat yeu cau toan phan cua dung cu o ,VA 2,6 5 0,5 1,5 2 12 3 3 5 15 1,5 1,5 1,2 0,15 15 33 30 Page40

Vonmet ien t Ampemet ien t Oat met sat ien ong Oat met va Varmets sat ien ong Tan so ke kieu rung Tan so ke sat ien ong Tan so ke ien t Tan so ke ien t Pha ke ien ong Pha ke van nang Cong t ba pha loai bien ap Cong t ba pha Cong t mot pha R le ien ap R le ien ap R le cong suat Cuon cat ien ap cc tieu BIGING MN CUNG CP IN

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN] XIV. DY DN V CP

- ac iem cua cap la cach ien tot. Cap c at di at va trong ham rieng nen tranh c va ap c kh va anh hng trc tiep cua kh hau nh nang ma, gio. Cap c at di at nen khong anh hng en my quan, ng giao thong.

- Nhc iem chnh la gia thanh at va thi cong phc tap, khi co s co kho tm ra v tr s co, gay ton kem trong sa cha va mat thi gian. - Cap ngam co mot hay nhieu loi co vo boc bao ve (thng la vo ch hay vo nhom). Cac day dan c cach ien vi nhau va cach ien vi vo. - Loi cap c lam bang day ong hay nhom nhieu si van xoan. Cap mot loi day dan co tiet dien tron, trong cap nhieu loi day dan co tiet dien hnh quat (hay bau duc) e tan dung khoang khong gian ben trong vo cap

Mot vai kieu tiet dien dung trong cap ngam - Day dan rong gia c dung cho loai cap ay dau. Cach ien c dung la giay tam dau, cao su, vai tam verni, oi vi cap ngam cao ap cach ien chu yeu la giay tam dau. - ien ap cao va phai (en 30KV) cach ien c dung co ket cau ran chac (H.2.6), cach ien nay la mot bang giay quan that chat quanh loi. Sau khi quan giay, cap c tam chan khong bang dau cach ien co o nht cao. V cach ien ran co khuynh hng ton tai (vang quang) nen cach ien loai nay khong dung cho ien ap cao.

Cap mot loi, cach ien bang giay, vo ch

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

- cap cao ap, hp chat tam co o nht cao c thay bang chat co o nht thap (cap ay dau) hoac thay bang kh tr thng la kh nit (cap au kh) c duy tr ap suat cao e lap kn cac khe h nham tang cng o cach ien. - Cap mot loi co day dan at ong truc ben trong vo ch, vo chi bao boc ben ngoai lp cach ien. Neu cap mot loi thuoc loai ay dau hay ay kh (loai co ap suat thap) th dau hay kh c dan vao t bnh cha xuyen qua phan ruot rong cua day dan hay qua cac ng ong at gia lp vo ch va giay cach ien. Cac loai cach ien dung trong che tao cap ien: Cach ien bang giay tam dau Cach ien polyetylene (PE) Cach ien polyvynilclorit (PVC) Cach ien cao su Cach ien polyetylen khau mach (XLPE) a) Cap co ai cach ien:

b) Cap co ai kim loai

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

XV.

NG DY TRN KHNG

- ng day tren khong c dung rong rai hn nhieu so vi ng day cap do von au t t, de thi cong va de phat hien s co, sa cha bao hanh. Tuy theo ien ap nh mc phan loai lam 3 cap: Cap 1: ng day co ien ap ln hn 35kV Cap 2: ng day co ien ap nho hn 35kV Cap 3: ng day co ien ap nho hn 1kV - e xay dng cac ng day cao ap, hau nh dung u tien day dan bang nhom v ly do kinh te va de thc hien. Phan ln cac day dan lam bang nhom loi thep, almelec (hp kim cua nhom) va bang almelec loi thep, t khi dung cap bang nhom tinh chat. - Day chong set hoac bang thep ma kem hoac la bang almelec loi thep. Cap gom nhieu si day thep co boc nhom ben ngoai (nhom keo tren thep) s dung tot cho day noi at, day nay cung thay cho loi thep ma cua day nhom loi thep, tuy nhien gia thanh con at. - Tat ca day nhom c dung di dang cap nhieu si va xoan. Cap ong nhat c che tao bang nhieu si co cung ng knh. Chung gom mot si day trung tam gia bao boc ben ngoai bang nhieu lp day quan van xoan. H2.1 trnh bay cap nhom 7 si. Ngoai ra co mot so cax loai cap nh sau: Cap 1+6 si = 7 si ng knh ngoai 3d Cap 7+12 si = 19 si ng knh ngoai 5d Cap 19+18 si = 37 si ng knh ngoai 7d Cap 37+24 si = 61 si ng knh ngoai 9d Cap 61+30 si = 91 si ng knh ngoai 11d

Mot so cap van xoan - Cac day cap phc hp nh cap nhom loi thep (AC, ACSR) hay almelec thep gom cac si co ng knh bang nhau, tiet dien co the en 250 mm2 (H.2.3). Tiet dien ln hn thng dung cap co si nhom va si thep khong cung ng knh, cho phep thay oi ty

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

so gia tiet dien phan nhom va si thep e am bao va sc ben c va tnh dan ien cua day dan. Phan thep dung tang cng sc ben c kh, phan nhom dung e dan ien.

Mot so day nhom loi thep ACSR

Day cap rong - Mot so ng day tai ien sieu cao ap co yeu cau phai tang ng knh day dan e giam ton thng vang quang va cam khang cua ng day nen co the dung day rong,
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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

loai day nay t c s dung v lap at kho va sc ben c cung kem. Mot dang khac cua day dan ng day sieu cao ap la moi pha cua day dan c phan lam nhieu day at cac nh cua mot a giac eu (tam giac, hnh vuong, luc giac) goi la day phan pha. - Day dan bang ong t thay dung ng day cao ap do ong la kim loai mau qu hiem at tien ch dung ng day ha ap va trung ap nhng dan dan cung co khuynh hng thay bang day nhom.

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TS. L MINH PHNG [CHNG II: CC PHN T C BN CA H THNG IN]

XVI. CT IN. 1.

Phn loi ct in: a. Theo mc ch s dng: Ct trung gian: dng gi dy dn cao cho trc v khng chu lc ko ca dy dn v v dy chng st Ct no dng kp dy dn mt s im trn ng di ca ng dy trn khng v phi chu ton b lc ko ca dy dn v dy chng st gia cc ct no. Ct ny phi cng v bn. Ct gc. Ct cui. Ct chuyn. Ct chuyn dng: cho nhng ng dng c bit b. Theo vt liu: Ct g, ct tre: thng s dng cho nng thn v cp in p di 10kV. Loi ny c u im r tin nhng c nhc im l khng bn v d mc. Ct b tng ct st: thng s dng mng in trung p, c kh nng chu lc tt r tin tui th cao nhng c nhc im l nng v kh vn chuyn. C st: Thng dng lm ct vt sng, vt cu, vt ng st, lm ct gc, v c th s dng cho cp in p cao: 110kV-750kV. Loi ny c chiu cao kh ln, chu lc tt nhng gi thnh cao.

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