THUYT MINH V CY BT

T thu xa xa, Khi sng to ra c nhng k t, con ngi lun khao kht lu li bng vn bn nhng cuc phiu lu nh l mt bng chng th hin kh nng chinh phc thin nhin, cuc sng li cho th h sau. lm c iu , ngi ta cn hai th : dng c vit v vt lu nhng k t . Ngi Xume l nhng ngi u tin ghi li lch s trn nhng phin t st. Cch thc ny c gi l ch hnh nm (tc ch Ba T c), c t khang 3.000 nm trc. Bt v giy u tin c ra i trong nn vn minh Ai Cp c. Nhng ngi chp s s dng cy sy vi ui c nhai nt chm ln cht mu. Sau , h v nhng ch tng hnh ln tng hoc giy ci. Dn dn, cng vi s pht trin ca cht mu, nhng cy sy c ln i thnh dng c sc nhn vi ng rnh cui, dn ng cho vic ra i bt lng chim. Trong th k 16, bt lm bng lng cnh chim thin nga tr thnh dng c vit s mt vi nhng u im l u d vt nhn, d un hn v t gy hn di lc p t bn tay nhm to ra nhng nt thanh, nt m. ng lng c th lu tr mc vit nhiu dng. n gia th k 19, kim loi c s dng ch to u bt v d lm c chun xc m li bn. Th nhng, ngi vit vn phi chm bt vo l mc nn mi khi di chuyn th rt phin phc. Nm 1884, anh nhn vin mi gii bo him Lewis Waterman pht chn vi nhng bt tin trn tin hnh mt cuc cch mng trong th gii bt. Waterman pht hin ra rng lc ht mao dn c mi lin h ng lc vi p sut kh quyn. Waterman to ra hai hoc ba rnh khng kh v mc ng thi vn ng. Khng kh s th ch ca phn mc s dng. V cuc cch mng bt u. Bt my gm c ba phn np bt c lm bng nhm, c khi c m ng. Thn bt c th chia thnh ba phn : bnh mc d tr, ng dn v ngi bt. Trong a s bt my hin i, phn ny d tr mc theo hai cch. Mt cch n gin l mc vo bnh. Cch th hai s dng h thng pistol. ng dn a mc xung ngi bt bng mt lot cc rnh.

Bt my to nn nhng nt m nht khc nhau ty thuc vo lc tay ngi vit, gc ca bt vi mt giy v quay ca u ngi bt. Hiu qu l nhng nt tao nh c to nn v hnh thnh c ngh thut vit ch p. Nhng kim loi qu ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ch to ngi bt, gip ngi bt c bn v vit p hn. Thng th ngi ta dng ngi bt bng thp khng r hoc m vng. dng nguyn cht, vng khng p ng c nhng tiu chun n hi nn dng vng pha l tt nht. Loi vng hay c s dng ch to ngi bt l vng mi bn nghn v vng mi tm. u ngi bt khng th lm bng vng v s nhanh mn trong thi gian ngn. ngi ta chn mt cht liu rn, thng l Iridium hoc Rhodium. Nh , ngi dng c th vit c i m u bt vn nguyn vn. Thn bt thng lm bng nhng cht liu bn nng tui th cho cy bt. Nhng cy bt my i u c v bng cao su qua x l lu hunh rt chc chn. Ngy nay, cc nh sn xut s dng nhng cht liu hin i hn. Italia, ngi ta dng Celluloid cho nhng cy bt t tin. Loi cht liu ny c kh nng chng va p rt tt v c th to nn v tao nh, lch lm. Nhng cy bt lm bng celluloid lc mi dng c mi long no do c cht ny trong qu trnh nit ha celluloid. Axetat hay nha tng hp cng l cc cht liu quen thuc p ng c yu cu v bn. Loi bt va ti tin thng c thn c lm bng ng thau ph sn, gip cy bt c thng bng tt v c dng v bt mt. Nhng cht liu hin i gip to nn nhiu mu sc cho cy bt hn. Cn vi nhng cy bt cao cp, thn bt thng c lm bng bc, bc m vng, vng hoc thm ch c bch kim. Ngy nay xut hin nhiu loi bt my ca cc hng ni ting. Nhng cy bt p ca hng Paker. Nhng nt bt lt nh nhng trn giy tp ca hng Pilot v nhiu hng khc. Gi thnh nhng cy bt cao cp ny khng di 100$ mt cy. Nhng cy bt lm bng vng hoc m vng, gi thnh khng di 1000$. Bt khng c thuc tnh chn ch nh nhng cy a php trong truyn Hary Potter. Con ngi chn n ty vo ti tin, c tnh ca h. C cy gi bnh dn 15.000 n 20.000... loi c a chung nht trn th trng, cng c cy ln c bc triu. Nhn bt, con ngi bit c "ng cp" ca nhau, nhn vo nt ch h on tnh cch, nh gi nhng g thnh ch h r trnh ca nhau. Mt ci o c sa khng lm nn ng thy tu, mt cy bt tt, t n c no cng ch l vt trang tr nu vo tay k u rng. Ngy nay, nhiu loi bt bi a dng nhiu kiu dng v gi thnh r ra i v chim lng th trng vn phng phm; xut hin nhhng cy bt in t thng minh. Liu cy bt my cn tn ti c bao nhiu lu na? Nhng, d bt hin i c a dng c no cng khng th thay th c bt my bi nhng nt ch thanh m sng ng, c hn i hi con ngi phi gai cng rn luyn.

Cy bt my d b thu hp th trng nhng gi tr ca n vn khng th no thay i vi thi gian. "D cho sng thc ai i Bt ta vn sng trn i ti vui"

(Bi vit ca bn Anh V - Lp 8VC1)