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Rhodes

by Carol Miller

³The beginning of all things was a dark and condensed windy air,and a chaos, turbid and black, and these were unbounded,and for a long series of ages destitute of form. And then the Sun appeared.´

Phoenician (Canaanite) Creation MythChapter 1: The Seventh Olympic Winner

the vi

itor fir

t arrive

in Rhode

he look

of cour

for the Colo

one of the

even wonder

of the ancient world. The great bronze figure

eventy cubit

(thirty-twometer

high

tood on thick leg

planted firmly apart; it once

panned the harbor of thi

large

t of the Dodecane

e I

land

t off the

outhwe

tern tip of

ia Minor

now

natolia

in the ea

tern

egean.Thi

archipelago

ometime

called the Southern Sporade

actually con

ome twenty i

land

. The term Dodecane

³The Twelve I

land

s´,

(Patmo

Lero

Calymno

yro

typalaea

Symi

Tilo

Chalki

Rhode

Carpatho

erved for the group that oppo

ed the Ottoman Turk

in 1908

when many of the ancient privilege

-- dating from the time of Suleiman the Magnificent (Suleiman the Law-Giver

that greate

t of Ottoman

ultan

who reigned in the

ixteenth century -- were arbitrarilynullified.

for the Colo

he i

long gone.

n earthquake tumbled the gigantic figureinto the

and after it had been recovered it wa

melted down to make Cru

ader cannon.On the

pot where it

tood are two figure

of the

tag

that later became

acred to thei

land

when

thena

godde

of wi

dom and ju

tice

pre

cribed their import a

olutionfor a population overrun with

erpent

.Fifth century Greek lyric poet Pindaru

in hi

eulogy of the i

land

which he called³The Seventh Olympic Winner

--while he e

pecially noted the mild winter

and a

ummer refre

hed by the

meltemi

the north wind that blow

down the length of the

egean-- relate

the legend of Helio

the Sun

who won the heart of the nymph Rhode or Rhodo

daughter of Po

eidon and

mphitrite. Their marriage wa

ble

ed by Zeu

and

thena

wholavi

hed gift

on the

even de

cendant

of the mythical couple

and the de

cendant

of the

among them three heroe

who

e name

were immortalized in the three Rhodiancitie

of Cameiru

where wandering admiral Cadmu

and the immigrant Phoenician

ettled; and Ialy

and Lindo

The mythical population ultimately mixed with the hi

torical Cretan

andPhoenician

who came to the i

land

and the grand

on of Mino

who wa

credited withhaving introduced the cult of the Cretan Zeu

. The blend of legend and reality i

confirmed by archaeological exploration. In actual fact the i

land had been inhabited

incethe Neolithic with a population that per

ted into the early and middle Bronze

c.3000-

300 B.C.

but an organized

tratified and well-

tructured community only developedafter the beginning of the Mycenaean period. Mycenaean influence

can al

o be

een in thetomb

dating from the fifteenth and beginning of the fourteenth centurie

B.C. and in va

decorated

for example

with de

ign

of octopu

and the Cretan emblem of the double axe.

fter thi

early

chaean period

contemporary with the fall of Minoan Crete and thezenith of Mycenaean power

Rhode

engulfed by the Dorian inva

ion

and ma

ivemigration

originating in the Peloponne

e. It wa

in fact the Dorian

who founded the threecitie

each built on the

ite of a natural acropoli

to which the name

of the legendaryheroe

were given.Judging from ceramic unearthed in the burial ground

at both Cameiru

(or Kameiro

and Ialy

it can be a

umed that a

eafaring people

t likely themy

teriou

³Sea People

s´,

who were later infiltrated by the Phoenician

cro

ed theMediterranean and in the fifteenth century B.C. touched the

hore

ia Minor

thenafter conquering Crete

ettled in Rhode

t eighteen kilometer

from the mainland.(See: Shelley Wach

mann

Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant

London

Chatham Publi

hing

1998.

)

Thi

route of the migration

and the developing of new trade-lane

between

iaMinor and the Greek mainland lent it

elf to the alliance

in fact a fraternity

amongRhodian

Cretan

and Greek

that

oon evolved to the extent of a

hared citizen

hip

between Rhode

and the Dorian citie

of the

iatic coa

pecially Cnido

andHalicarna

and with the Greek

of Co

with whom they founded a confederacy knowna

the Dorian Hexapoli

the

ix-city alliance.°°°The fir

t inhabitant

of the i

land

according to mythology

were the tribe of theTelchine

noted for their dexterou

metalwork. They were followed by the Eliade

cendant

of Helio

and Rhode. Some

however

that it wa

Heracle

s¶

onTelepolemu

who founded the three citie

on the i

land

and who ruled them with an ironhand.

lthaemene

on of the Cretan king Catreu

came to

ettle on Rhode

ccordingto a Rhodian tradition

Helen of Sparta al

o lived on the i

land

and wa

murdered there byTelepolemu

s¶

widow

in order to avenge the death of her hu

band

who fell on the plain of Troy. There are

o many ver

ion

of the end of Helen

however

that one more or le

doe

little to di

entangle her

tory.The following centurie

were a che

board of inva

ion and conque

t until theformation of the Doric Hexapoli

a political recour

e made both nece

ary and urgent bythe in

tent aggre

ion

of the ³Sea People

s´

. Thi

term wa

employed

and ultimately

3coined

by the Egyptian

in order to de

cribe a large group of predatory

ea-going Indo-European migrant clan

(including the Ekwe

Shekele

Tjeker

Tere

Sherden

Pele

et Lukka and Denyen

)

all of uncertain origin (though po

ibly from the Indu

valley

expelled and

ent we

t by the incoming Central

ian migration

s),

but of whom theBiblical Phili

tine

a clearly identified culture and ance

tor

of the pre

ent-dayPale

tinian

were al

o one group.

relief on the wall of a Karnak temple record

anun

ucce

ful inva

ion of Egypt by an alliance of Libyan

and ³Sea People

s´,

c. 1

07 B.C.Raid

of the ³Sea People

s´

appear to have played a part in the general panorama of bothinva

ion

and population movement

in the Ea

tern Mediterranean

and con

tituted by thi

time a

eriou

threat to the

tability of the Syro-Canaanite and

egean world

. (See: Piotr Bienkow

ky and

lan Millard

ictionary of the Ancient Near East

Philadelphia

Univer

ity of Penn

ylvania Pre

ss,

000.

)

Thank

to it

trategic po

ition on major trade route

Rhode

by the eighth and

eventh centurie

B.C.

well after the departure or a

imilation of the di

ruptive ³SeaPeople

s´,

able to maintain clo

e tie

with the king

of Egypt

and to found colonie

along the

outhern coa

t of

ia Minor

at Ghela (or Gela

)

in Sicily

at Cyrenaica in Libya

and along the coa

of French Provence and

outhern Spain.Beautiful ceramic work wa

exported during thi

time

pecially from Cameiru

throughout the Mediterranean world

and coin

of the period regi

ter the great wealth of Rhode

. They indicate

well

the

hift of power from Cameiru

that by the

ixth centurywa

newly concentrated in Lindo

halfway down the i

land toward the

outh

under Kleovoulo

or Cleobulu

one of the Seven Sage

of Greece

famou

for hi

eafaring

kill

. Two of the earlie

t immigrant

to Greek land

Cadmu

and Danaü

long beforehim

had al

o made port at Lindo

. Danaü

credited with having dedicated the famou

hrine there

originally con

ecrated to an ancient local godde

who in time came to beidentified with Homer

¶s

³Bright-Eyed

thena.During the fifth century B.C. the loyaltie

of Rhode

hifted according toconvenience

fir

t again

t the Per

ian

then along

ide the Per

ian

and finally

pite prote

t from the i

land

¶s

ari

tocracy

back to the

thenian

lliance.

Democraticgovernment reigned until 408 B.C.

when the three citie

decided to join force

in order todefine a political philo

ophy and to govern from a

ingle capital. They named it after thei

land it

elf

and founded it on the northern tip

where it

tand

today.The plan of the new city of Rhode

followed the fa

hion in lavi

h urban de

ign

pired in the Per

ian cu

tom of di

playing wealth and power through o

tentation andopulence. Gift

to the city from neighboring king

atrap

in Cilicia

Caria

Lycia

Lydia and all acro

the

egean

further embelli

hed the emerging urban

pectacle.Rhode

drawn up in a grid pattern by the famou

fifth century B.C. architect

philo

opher and town planner

Hippodamu

of Miletu

s²

another of the great citie

iaMinor. While the grid plan

given an appropriately flat terrain

had long predated him hewa

adamant

according to

totle

in de

igning condition

for the divi

ion of

ocial

trataand their re

pective labor

a cu

tom originating in the earlie

t and mo

t elementaryconcept

ofthe

tratified

ociety.

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The sunlit island of Helios was the master of diplomacy, politics and trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Category:	Research > History
Rating:
Upload Date:	08/21/2011
Copyright:	Attribution Non-commercial
Tags:	Apollo alexander the great didyma branchidae cyrus the great and the invasion of asia minor Apollo alexander the great didyma branchidae cyrus the great and the invasion of asia minor (fewer)

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