Professional Tips & Workow Strategies for Using

Photoshop to Enhance Your Digital Photography Skills

Digital Photography
Expert Techniques
Ken Milburn
O R E I L L Y D I G I T A L S T U D I O
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|a t||s c|apter
Usin Lhe PhoLoshop File 8rowser
Usin imae manaemenL
prorams
Nakin accuraLe correcLions
Keepin oriinal imaes inLacL
Usin layers
Ninimizin duplicaLe iles
Usin special names
NainLainin ile inormaLion
Archivin
So you`ve taken the shot. Is that it? Certainly not. In the worlu ol uigital
photography, you can use a wiue variety ol technigues to Lring out the Lest
picture possiLle lrom the shot you`ve taken. You might Le wonuering, How
is that possiLle? Vell, in oruer to explain that, we shoulu proviue some Lack-
grounu on how cameras uiller lrom our own Lrains.
The human Lrain can process more color range at any given instant than a
computer monitor or a uigital print can uisplay. Our eyes uon`t actually see
more range than lilm or uigital sensors; rather, our Lrain instructs our eyes
to composite uillerent areas ol the image into a single whole. The Lrain uoes
this multiple-exposure Llenuing so guickly that we think we are looking at
only one image.
The camera, on the other hanu, uoesn`t have our Lrain insiue. It recorus only
one instant in time, which is why we are olten so uisappointeu when we look
at a Lase picture. (That`s not how I rememLer the color anu the uetails')
Anu it gets worse: cameras are notorious lor losing all the little uetails in the
highlights anu shauows ol a shot. Thanklully, we can use the camera anu
the computer to minimize these ueliciencies, anu Lring out a wiuer range ol
Lrightness anu colors in each ol our uigital photographs.
For example, compare the uillerences Letween Figures 3-1, 3-2, anu 3-3.
Figure 3-1 shows a lanuscape shot using the color range that you woulu
expect lrom a camera that saves to ]PEG. As we mentioneu in the previous
chapter, RAV liles capture a lar greater range ol colorsyou can see an
immeuiate uillerence in the color range ol Figure 3-2. Figure 3-3 shows what
the same photograph looks like alter applying several ol the technigues in
this chapter to Lring out more uetail.
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Here are two tips that will get you the Lest results in any situation:
1. Il you use RAV liles (anu I hope you uo), get in the haLit ol slightly
unuerexposing your shot. Then, aujust the RAV image using computer-
Laseu soltware to show the wiuest range ol Lrightness possiLle.
2. No matter what lile lormat you use, make Photoshop exposure correc-
tions Lelore any other image mouilications.
Let`s look at these tips one at a time.
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Il you shoot in RAV moue, you a|ways want to undcrcxposc thc shot. This
may seem counterintuitive, Lut when you set the camera lor slight unuer-
exposure, you minimize the chances that important uetailssuch as the
highlights in Lacklit hair or the Lrightest clouus in the skywill Le washeu
out to soliu white. See Figures 3-+ anu 3-5 lor a nice example ol this. In that
case, I set my camera to unuerexpose Ly a hall-stop. Vith this unuerexposeu
shot, I can then Lring up uetails in the shauows Ly using either the Levels
(AuoLe Photoshop anu AuoLe Photoshop Elements) or the Curves (AuoLe
Photoshop only) tool when lirst opening an image.
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!aper CC0s
1he "Super CCD" sensor, pioneered
by Fuji and eaLured in several o
Lheir laLesL prosumer cameras and
Lhe new S3 Pro, uses Lwo sensor
cells or each pixel posiLion-one Lo
record hihlihLs and Lhe oLher or
shadows. 1hese Lwo "exposures"
are Lhen blended by Lhe camera
Lo auLomaLically produce dynamic
rane similar Lo LhaL described in Lhe
procedures on Lhese paes.
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Figures 3-6 anu 3-7 show another example ol a RAV lile image as it came
lrom the camera, anu how it can Le correcteu using the Photoshop CS
Camera RAV plug-in. As you may recall, I talkeu aLout the Camera RAV
plug-in just Lrielly in the previous chapter. Now it`s time to use it to Lring
out the Lest in your RAV shots.
The AuoLe Photoshop CS Camera RAV plug-in is Ly lar the most wiuely
useu application to interpret RAV images. Yet another example ol the power
ol this plug-in is shown in Figures 3-8 anu 3-9. Il you`re not using it, I`u give
serious consiueration to getting your hanus on it (it`s Luilt into Photoshop
CS). Here`s why:
1. It hanules RAV liles in a more versatile anu lrienuly manner than any
other interpreter I`ve seen. It`s also much laster than the run-ol-the-mill
RAV lile interpreter.
2. It hanules RAV liles lrom a variety ol cameras, so il you have multiple
cameras (even lrom uillerent manulacturers), you won`t Le lorceu to use
uillerent RAV interpreters lor each ol them.
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0|ffereat !taa4ar4s
UnorLunaLely, RAW iles dier rom
one camera manuacLurer Lo Lhe
nexL. Unlike JPLC and 1lFF, Lhe ile
ormaL LhaL Lhe daLa is sLored in is
noL yeL sLandardized. Hopeully, Lhis
will chane soon.
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The cameras currently supporteu Ly the AuoLe Photoshop CS RAV plug-in
are shown in TaLle 3-1.
Ia||e 1-1. Cameras receqa|te6 | the k6e|e |heteshep C! kkW p|aq-|a
$BOPO
EOS-1D
EOS-1Ds
EOS 1OD
EOS-D3O
EOS-D6O
EOS 3OOD (Digital
ReLel/Kiss Digital)
PowerShot 6OO
PowerShot A5
PowerShot A5O
PowerShot S3O
PowerShot S+O
PowerShot S+5
PowerShot S5O
PowerShot G1
PowerShot G2
PowerShot G3
PowerShot G5
PowerShot Pro7O
PowerShot Pro9O IS
'VKJGJMN
FinePix F7OO
FinePix S5OOO Z
FinePix S7OOO Z
FinePix S2 ProO
,PEBL
DCS 1+n
DCS72Ox
DCS76O
,POJDB.JOPMUB
DiIMAGE A1
DiMAGE 5
DiMAGE 7
DiMAGE 7i
DiMAGE 7Hi
-FBG
Valeo 6
Valeo 11
Valeo 22
-FJDB
Digilux 2
/JLPO
D1
D1H
D1X
D1OO
D2H
Coolpix 57OO
Coolpix 5OOO (with lirm-
ware version 1.7)
0MZNQVT
E-1O
E-1
E-2O
C-5O5O Zoom
C-5O6O Zoom
1BOBTPOJD
DMC-LC1
1FOUBY
'ist D
4POZ
DSC-F828
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Here are step-Ly-step instructions using the
Camera RAV plug-in:
1. Open the AuoLe Photoshop CS File Browser
(File Browse) anu navigate to the loluer
to which you`ve uownloaueu your RAV
liles. Vait a moment (these liles are aLout
1O times larger than ]PEGs) anu the thumL-
nail images lor those liles will start appear-
ing. See Figure 3-1O.
2. Rotate any vertical images to their proper
position. (This uoesn`t allect the lile itsell,
Lut it makes it a lot easier to juuge the pho-
tograph without having to lie on your siue.)
To rotate 9O uegrees, click the Rotate Lelt or
Rotate Right icon.
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You may wanL Lo make sure LhaL
your moniLor is properly calibraLed.
See Lhe beinnin o ChapLer 11 or
more deLails.
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3. Right-click on any image you
want to uelete, then choose
Delete lrom the in-context menu.
RAV liles are very large; it`s a
goou iuea to get riu ol losers
Lelore the task ol linuing the
image you want turns into a lile-
time project.
+. Use Batch Rename (Automate
Batch Rename) to rename all the
images with meaninglul, aLLre-
viateu lilenames that uescriLe
the suLject Ly category, name,
anu an alpha character lor each
uillerent point ol view on the
same suLject. The Batch Rename
uialog is shown in Figure 3-11.
5. DouLle-click a RAV image,
or just urag it into the AuoLe
Photoshop CS workspace. The
Camera RAV plug-in uialog will
open. Oluer versions ol the plug-
in will appear similar to Figure
3-12, while the Photoshop CS
version looks like Figure 3-13.
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6. Choose 16-Lit lrom the Bit Depth
pull-uown menu. This will allow
the image to open in AuoLe
Photoshop in 16-Lit color moue
so that you can uo your exposure
corrections bcforc you have to
throw out all that uata.
7. Check the Histogram Lox at
the lower right ol the Preview
winuow. (In the Photoshop CS
version ol Camera RAV, the his-
togram is permanently visiLle.)
The histogram shows the image`s
uistriLution ol pixels over the
lull range ol Lrightness. This is a
great aiu in scientilically juug-
ing the Lrightness levels in the
image you will export lrom the
RAV lile.
8. From the Space pull-uown menu,
choose the AuoLe RGB (1998)
color space, as shown in Figure
3-1+.
9. From the Size pull-uown menu,
choose the largest image size the
program permits lor your cam-
era (see Figure 3-15). I recom-
menu you uo this Lecause any
aujustments or retouching you
uo is less oLvious il you start
with a large image. You`ll also Le
less likely to uestroy image inlor-
mation Ly repeateuly having to
enlarge anu reuuce (resample)
the image.
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1O. Set the resolution to 3OO upi il most ol your images go to print, or 2+O
upi il they go to a color inkjet printer lor uisplay. (Il you also create weL
images, uon`t worry aLout size right now; you`ll Le urastically resampling
anu optimizing them at a later stage.) See Figure 3-16.
11. Set the Lrightness ol the Lrightest signilicant highlight area Ly pressing
Opt/Alt anu uragging the Exposure sliuer until a light spot appears on
the Lackgrounu. The smaller the light spot, the Letter. The preview image
Lecomes much Lrighter at this stage.
12. Set the uarkness ol the area that you want to see as a soliu (or near
soliu) Llack Ly pressing Opt/Alt anu uragging the Shauows sliuer until
the areas you want to turn uark start appearing against the white Lack-
grounu.
13. Drag the Brightness sliuer to aujust the miutones until you like what you
see. There is no scientilic must lor this setting; it`s a matter ol personal
taste.
1+. Play with the Contrast anu Saturation sliuers. They give you a lot ol
interpretative leeway.
15. Sharpness anu Smoothness uelault to a setting ol 25, Lut I preler to
reuuce them to aLout 1O. On the other hanu, I have a talenteu lrienu who
is happier with a setting ol 5, so you may want to experiment a Lit to linu
what you like. The iuea is to lower these settings so that you can Letter
control euge sharpness anu noise (smoothness) using more sophisticateu
tools, which we`ll talk aLout later.
16. Finally, zoom in to 1OO using the Zoom pull-uown menu at the Lottom
lelt ol the Preview winuow.
Anu that`s it' Click OK to export the image as you see it in the Preview win-
uow. Or, il you want to start all over again, press Opt/Alt anu click the Cancel
Lutton when its laLel changes to Reset.
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The seconu step is very important: a|ways do your cxposurc corrcctions in
Photoshop first, Lelore any ol the other corrections or ellects you`ll linu later in
this Look. Il you uon`t, you`ll linu that correcting exposure is extremely haru
(il not impossiLle) to uo. For example, look at the uillerence that exposure
correction makes Letween Figures 3-17 anu 3-18.
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Here`s how to uo exposure corrections in Photoshop. Il you`re not using the
AuoLe Camera RAV support, make sure your camera`s RAV lile conversion
soltware saves in 16-Lit lormat. Next, open Photoshop, loau your image, anu
use the lollowing routine.
1. As soon as you`ve openeu a new lile in Photoshop,
choose Image Duplicate. In the Duplicate Image
uialog, auu -cor (short lor exposure correcteu) to
the lilename (see Figure 3-19). Then click OK.
2. Vhen the uuplicate lile winuow appears, select the
original lile winuow anu click the Close Lutton. You`ll
Le askeu il you want to save the lile. Since the purpose
ol this workllow is to keep the original unuisturLeu,
click No. This is especially true il the image is a
]PEG that may ueteriorate each time it`s saveu uue to
repeateu image compression.
3. Press Cmu/Ctrl-L (or uo it slowly anu painlully Ly
choosing Image Aujustments Levels). The Levels
uialog appears, as shown in Figure 3-2O.
+. The lirst thing you shoulu uo is spreau the histogram
across the visiLle spectrum ol Lrightness values. Il
you uo this lor each color channel inuepenuently, you
will simultaneously perlorm a color correction to the
image that can Le aujusteu to suit your prelerences
with minimum hassle anu maximum chances lor suc-
cess. So, press Cmu/Ctrl-1 to lirst isolate the histogram
to the Reu channel.
5. Drag the shauow sliuer at the lelt ol the histogram
(lor the Input Levels, not the Output Levels) to the
lirst point that shows pixels in the histogram. Some
image`s histograms will show guite a rise at the very
enu. Il there is no empty space at the shauow (Llack
sliuer) or highlight (white sliuer) enu ol the histo-
gram, uon`t move the sliuer lor that enu. Do not move
the miutone (gray) sliuer lor any ol the color channels
at this time.
6. Repeat this lor the other color channels (i.e., green
anu Llue). Vhen you have aujusteu all ol the channels
accoruing to the instructions in Step 5, press Cmu/
Ctrl-~. You will see the histogram lor the composite
RGB channel. In the rare case that there is still a gap
Letween the shauow or highlight enu ol the histo-
gram anu the histogram winuow, aujust the sliuer lor
that enu ol the histogram. See Figure 3-21.
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7. Now you can aujust the miutone Lrightness ol the
image using the gray sliuer. Il you want to lorce higher
contrast in the image, move the highlight anu shauow
sliuers in towaru the center until you get the ellect you
are looking lor. See Figure 3-22.
8. Lastly, you may neeu to change the overall color Lal-
ance using the Levels commanu, even though your
aujustments up to this point have maue the color
Lalance theoretically correct. Perhaps you shot the
image too lar oll-Lalance to achieve correct color Lal-
ance without lorcing it. Or you may want to create a
certain moou Ly giving the image a cooler or warmer
color-cast. You can uo this Ly uoing what I tolu you
not to uo Lelore: move the miutone ol the primary
color(s) that are most likely to shilt the color in your
prelerreu uirection. Dragging any color channel`s
miutone sliuer to the right will intensily that primary
color, while uragging it to the lelt will intensily its
opposite (in the Reu channel, uragging the sliuer to
the lelt will auu Cyan; in the Green channel, it will
auu Magenta). So il you want a cooler (Lluer) image,
press Cmu/Ctrl-3 to access the histogram lor the Blue
channel anu then urag the miutone sliuer to the right.
Il you want a warmer tone, urag the miutone sliuer to
the lelt. ALout 85 ol the time, you can get the color
Lalance you want Ly aujusting only one primary; il
you uon`t, there`s no law to prevent you lrom tweaking
the other two.
You now have an image with almost perlect exposure
correction. But almost perlect isn`t guite perlect
enough. So there are a couple more things you can
uo using the Curves anu Hue/Saturation commanus.
First, press Cmu/Ctrl-M to Lring up the Curves com-
manu, shown in Figure 3-23. (Note that this commanu
is not availaLle in AuoLe Photoshop Elements 2.O.)
9. Use the Zoom tool (or enter a Zoom Level in the
small Lox at the lelt enu ol the Status Lar) to make
the image small enough so that you can see the entire
image in auuition to the Curves uialog.
1O. Move the cursor over the image (notice that the cursor
turns into an eyeuropper). Finu a specilic tone that
you want to lighten or uarken (perhaps you want to
uarken the shauow siue ol a lace or Lrighten the leaves
on a tree), anu Cmu/Ctrl-click uirectly over that area.
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You could perorm essenLially Lhe same operaLion by
choosin lmae AdjusL AuLocolor. However, i
you perorm Lhe process manually, you'll learn how Lo
adjusL an imae accordin Lo your own inLerpreLaLive
preerences. C course, i you're in a bi rush, Lhe
AuLocolor command is a viable shorLcuL.
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A Llack uot will appears on the curve line at the point that precisely
represents the area you want to Lrighten. See Figure 3-2+.
11. Place a point on either siue ol the uot. This will
anchor the curve line so that it uoesn`t move when
you aujust the area that you highlighteu aLove.
12. To Lrighten the chosen area, urag its uot up; to uarken
it, urag its uot uown. For example, in Figure 3-25, the
uot was uraggeu uown slightly.
You`re uone' Save the lile anu, il you`re curious, compare
the original with the correcteu version to see what you`ve
uone.
0er4c|aq |t
Cccasionally, you'll overdo placin
and drain curve poinLs and come
up wiLh a surprisinly uly resulL.
1he easy cure is Lo sLarL over by
pressin Lhe CpL/AlL key and clickin
Lhe ReseL buLLon (beore you pressed
CpL/AlL iL was Lhe Cancel buLLon).
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Ve useu the Photoshop File Browser
earlier to loau our RAV liles. However,
there`s so much more that you can uo
with this File Browser that using it is
our numLer one tip lor this chapter.
The lile Lrowsers native to the latest
Vinuows anu Mac operating sys-
tems have Leen upuateu to make
them a Lit more uselul lor managing
image liles. (The Vinuows Explorer
lile Lrowser lor XP is shown in Figure
3-26.) You can now see images as
thumLnails, insteau ol as simply lile-
names anu types. However, neither
Vinuows nor Mac OS X uoes much
to help you rename cryptic camera
lilenames elliciently, you can`t rotate
thumLnails without rotating the
image, you can`t sort Ly rank so that
you can see all the goou shots at the
top ol the Lrowser, anu you can`t see
any lile inlo alongsiue an image.
This is where the AuoLe Photoshop
File Browser, which comes with
Photoshop anu Photoshop Elements,
comes in. Here are some ol the com-
mon proLlems that the Photoshop
File Browser (shown in Figure 3-27)
will help you to solve. Each task is
nameu in the oruer in which you
shoulu perlorm it.
Batch rcnaming. One ol the most
powerlul leatures ol the File
Browser is Batch Rename. Il you
want to change the entire con-
tents ol a loluer to have a com-
mon lilename, you can simply
select all the liles in that loluer,
enter the part ol the lilename
that the liles will have in com-
mon in the lirst lielu, leave a
space alter that name, ask lor a
||qare 1-1I. I|e |ae|e ||ete.|ej |||e |rew.er.
||qare 1-1. I|e \|aaew. |\j|erer l||e |rew.er
ler /|.
!|p 1: Kacw t|e ||ctcs|cp |||e 8rcwser
I1 C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
serial numLer to Le auueu in the next lielu anu the lile type extension in
the last lielu, then click OK. All the liles will Le uniguely nameu with the
same starting lilename almost instantly. (As mentioneu in Chapter 1, you
shoulu uo this as soon as you open a new loluer ol recently uownloaueu
images.)
Ranking imagcs. By choosing Large with Rank lrom the View By pull-uown
menu at the Lottom ol the File Browser palette, you will see the woru
Rank unuer each thumLnail. Il you haven`t assigneu a rank, Rank will Le
lolloweu Ly an unuerline (). Click the unuerline, anu an entry lielu
will automatically appear. You can enter up to 15 alphanumeric charac-
ters, Lut I suggest you just enter one ol the lirst lour or live letters in the
alphaLet, like school graues. Then, when you sort Ly ranking, you`ll see
the images that you like Lest at the top ol the Lrowser insteau ol having
to poke arounu through uozens ol thumLnails.
Rotating imagcs. Alter renaming, the lirst thing you shoulu uo when you
uownloau images is open the File Browser anu rotate all vertical images
to the proper orientation (unless your camera rotates them automati-
cally). The File Browser uoesn`t actually rotate the image, just the thumL-
nail. It also inserts an instruction into the lile heauer telling Photoshop to
rotate the image as inuicateu every time it is openeu. This is such a valu-
aLle uata-saving leature that I wonuer why Photoshop AlLum uoesn`t uo
exactly the same thing.
Vicuing dctails. Il you turn on the
Expanueu View portion ol the
File Browser, you can size that
view to see a greatly enlargeu
version ol the currently cho-
sen thumLnail. I leave it on Ly
uelault. ALove it, you will see the
Lrowser path to show where in
the uirectory the lile is locateu.
The File Inlo will appear imme-
uiately Lelow the image preview.
Sccing thc jilc injo. You can see all
the pertinent inlormation aLout
the photograph Ly clicking the
Expanueu View icon at the Lot-
tom ol the File Browser. Choose
All lrom the pull-uown menu
that appears when you click on
the arrow just unuer the image
inlo. Scroll uown, anu you`ll see
all the inlormation you entereu
lor the image. See Figure 3-28.
ett|aq t|e ra4e
l always ive inished imaes
an A rankin so LhaL when
l browse Lo a iven older,
anyLhin l've already inished
and LhaL's ready Lo prinL or
send ouL is aL Lhe Lop o Lhe
browser pae. l can Lhen
hihlihL all o Lhem aL once,
dra Lhem inLo Lhe workspace,
and Lell Lhe prinLer Lo prinL
Lhem all while l'm ediLin
oLher imaes or havin dinner
wiLh Lhe amily.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
||qare 1-1. I|e |||e |rew.er, .|ew|a +|| t|e
|m+e |alerm+t|ea (.ee |ewer |elt).
!|p 1: Kacw t|e ||ctcs|cp |||e 8rcwser
I+ 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
!|p : Use \car |maqe Maaaqemeat |rcqram
U|se|,
Three image management programs were introuuceu in Chapter 1: iPhoto,
AuoLe Photoshop AlLum, anu Canto Cumulus. No matter which application
you like, there`s a certain process that you shoulu always lollow when you
start to use these programs.
Il you have either AuoLe Photoshop AlLum or iPhoto 2, Le sure to uo the
lollowing to avoiu heauaches:
!. Eliminatc duplicatcs. It is a goou iuea to riu yoursell ol all uuplicate liles
on your system Lelore you create your lirst catalog. Otherwise, you`ll
have many more liles to manage, which can suck up all the time you
shoulu Le spenuing hiking, going to movies, or getting guality time with
the lamily.
2. Crcatc a catalog. In the terminology ol these two programs, a catalog
is a uataLase ol image thumLnails, as well as user-supplieu inlorma-
tion such as captions, notes, anu tags. You can have the program catalog
all the image liles on your system, or you can specily that only certain
urives or loluers Le incluueu. For example, I create one catalog lor all
my screen shots, Look illustrations, anu Lusiness graphics anu another
exclusively lor photographs. This makes it much easier to sort anu linu
what I am specilically looking lor. Unlortunately, catalogs only rcfcrcncc
images throughout the system. Both programs will lose track ol liles il
you uelete them or move them to a uillerent location, or inauvertently
change a urive letter.
3. Tag jilcs by catcgory and subcatcgory. The iuea Lehinu tagging is to get
all your images, regaruless ol their location, organizeu Ly category anu
suLcategory. Only Photoshop AlLum specilically uses tags, Lut you can
accomplish the same thing with iPhoto 2. Each tag is simply a uescriptive
relerence to that lileit uoes not alter the lile itsell. Photoshop AlLum
has a lixeu set ol category tags, Lut you`re alloweu to create suLcategories
anu new categories. You can also assign multiple category tags to a photo.
For example, you can have a category calleu Vomen, anu suLcategories
calleu Vomen in Business, Glamour, Girls, etc. Then, when you want
to create a project that will involve only certain images within a limiteu
numLer ol categories, you can uisplay only the images with that tag Ly
simply clicking on the tag. This Lecomes extremely powerlul when it
comes time to create projects (see Chapter 1+) Lecause you can guickly
Create |a4||4aa|
|c|4ers fcr !|ccts
l you've jusL reLurned rom a
shooL where all imaes were
shoL wiLh Lhe same diiLal
camera, download all Lhe iles
inLo Lhe same older. 1his
makes iL easier Lo boLh locaLe
and rename all Lhe iles wiLh
Lhe reaLesL eiciency wiLh Lhe
PhoLoshop File 8rowser.
4 ) 0
!|p : Use aa |maqe Maaaqemeat |rcqram
I C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
linu just the photos that are Lest suiteu to that project anu urop them
into the Vorkspace winuow. AlLum 2.O also has Catalogue tags that
allow you to place liles lrom any numLer ol tag categories into any spe-
cial-purpose collection ol images.
+. Add captions and titlcs. Both programs allow you to auu captions anu
titles. You can also uo this insiue the AuoLe Photoshop File Browser. Il
you`re using iPhoto, you neeu to auu captions at this stage so that you can
linu anu uisplay liles Ly category.
5. Archivc thc jilcs by tag. At this point, you will linu it goou organizational
practice to use the program`s archiving capaLility to move all the liles
with a given tag to a ueuicateu loluer. In Photoshop AlLum, you uo this
Ly uisplaying the items with a given tag anu choosing File Export. In
the Export uialog, create the lile loluer you want to export to alter click-
ing the Browse Lutton. Leave all the other settings at their uelaults anu
click OK. Vhen the operation is complete, close the uialog; the taggeu
items you selecteu will still Le uisplayeu. Choose Euit Select All anu
then press Delete. Be sure to check the Also uelete selecteu items lrom
the haru uisk? Lox Lelore clicking OK in the Conlirm Deletion lrom
Catalog Lox. Now, immeuiately uelete the original liles anu their thumL-
nails anu create a new catalog. It may take a lew hours to create the new
catalog, so I`u suggest you uo it Lelore leaving the stuuio lor the uay.
6. Usc thc Workspacc to crcatc projccts. Il you select a lew liles, you can
urag them into a project winuow. In Photoshop AlLum, this winuow
is calleu the Vorkspace. It`s where you can gather liles lrom a variety
ol tags or other search criteria, uo minor euiting on them such as one-
click exposure anu reu-eye correction, anu then incorporate them into a
project.
7. Archivc thc projccts. Since you might want to reuse or repurpose a con-
tact sheet or sliue show Ly putting it on a weL site or suLmitting it as a
portlolio, it`s a goou iuea to simply store everything you neeu on a well-
laLeleu CD-ROM. Ve`ll uiscuss that later in this chapter.
TaLle 3-2 shows suggesteu suLcategories lor tags or titles. Suggesteu aLLre-
viations lor these categories are hanuy il you want to incorporate them in
lilenames. iPhoto uoesn`t have preuelineu categories, Lut you can still use
these as guiuelines. I strongly suggest that you make a similar chart, auu every
category anu suLcategory you can think ol, then print it out anu keep copies
in all the places where you might auu names to liles (e.g., with your laptop,
Ly your computer, etc.). This will ensure consistency anu greatly ease all your
other lile-management chores.
|||ctc k||ams
ln iPhoLo, Lhe equivalenL o TAGS is
ALBUMS. lnsLead o assinin Las Lo
imaes, you dra Lhumbnails rom
Lhe main caLalo inLo albums, which
can be named or caLeories.
1he deaulL caLeories are FavoriLes,
Hidden, People, Places, LvenLs, and
CLher. See 1able 3-2 or some quick
suesLions Lo speed you alon.
!|p : Use aa |maqe Maaaqemeat |rcqram
I 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
Ia||e 1-1. !aqqeste6 f||e cateqer|es aa6 a||re|at|eas
$BUFHPSZ /PUFT "CCSFWJBUJPO
'BWPSJUFT Use lor anything that pertains to a particular joL or per-
sonal interest.
Invent your
own
)JEEFO I use this category lor things that are so joL-specilic that
I`m unlikely to use them as stock photos or lor any other
purpose.
hu
Camera cm
Photo Accessories paccs
Screen Shots ss
Book Illustrations Li
1FPQMF ppl
Canuius cnuu
Frienus lnu
Family lam
Glamour glm
Kius kuz
BaLies LaL
Executives exc
Vorkers wkr
1MBDFT This is lor anything that has more to uo with location
than population. I uuplicate tags when categories overlap,
such as People anu Russia.
plc
Il I`ve photographeu a particular place (Country, state,
city, neighLorhoou) extensively, I auu a specilic tag lor it.
UrLan Lanuscape ulnu
SuLurLan Lanuscape slnu
UrLan Detail uut
SuLurLan Detail sut
Mountains mtn
Creeks crk
Beaches Lch
Vater wtr
Nature (also suLuiviueu into plants, llowers, animals,
scenes.)
nat
&WFOUT evt
Nightlile nte
PuLlic Gatherings gth
Festivals lst
Party pty
Opening opn
Traue Show tusw
0UIFS otr
Clouus clu
Surl srl
Backgrounus Lkg
Textures ttr
OLjects oLj
C|ass|f|cat|ca
k||re|at|cas
You may wanL Lo add
classiicaLion abbreviaLions
Lo Lhe ends o ilenames
while you're workin in your
album applicaLion. 1he Las or
LiLles help you Lo keep Lhese
ilename addiLions consisLenL
wiLh one anoLher and wiLh
Lheir La names, and Lhey help
oLhers Lo idenLiy speciic iles,
especially i you have Lo send
Lhem Lo a publisher or clienL.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
!|p : Use aa |maqe Maaaqemeat |rcqram
II C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
Caatc Cama|as .
As I mentioneu in Chapter 1, I really like using Canto Cumulus 5.5. So why
not just lorget Photoshop AlLum anu its competitors anu jump straight to
Canto Cumulus? Vell, it`s mostly aLout cost. Photoshop AlLum costs $5O,
anu some ol its competitors cost even less. Canto Cumulus 5.5 Single User
Euition sells lor $1OO. The Vorkgroup Euition sells lor closer to a thousanu
uollars, anu each auuitional seat is $295. In my experience, however, even a
low-volume prolessional photographer will linu that the Single User version
pays lor itsell several times over in time saveu.
Here are some ol its auvantages:
One Lig auvantage ol Cumulus is the way it puts alLums (collections)
together. Insteau ol just asking you what liles anu urives you want to
incluue, Canto actually shows you thumLnails ol any uirectory, anu you
can either ask lor all the liles in that uirectory or simply urag anu urop
the liles you want to catalog into the collection. There is an immense
amount ol llexiLility in how you can put the collection together, too.
Cumulus uses categories insteau ol tags. You can cre-
ate categories anu suLcategories, then just urag liles
into them lrom uirectories in the Cumulus Lrowser.
There`s no limit to the numLer ol primary categories
you can have or how you name them, anu you can
estaLlish suLcategories any way you want. You can
also assign multiple categories to any image. Canto
suggests assigning them Ly Image Type, Project, anu
SuLject as the root categories. Not a Lau iuea.
You can urag anu urop categories, either Ly urag-
ging the image lile to the category or Ly uragging the
category to the image, much as you uo in Photoshop
AlLum. You can search lor an image Ly anything you
type into its recoru lielus. Recoru lielus are automati-
cally lilleu in with any uata that is alreauy in the lile,
such as EXIF uata or the uata you entereu in AlLum
or in the Photoshop File Inlo interlace. You can then
auu auuitional lielus in Cumulus il you wish.
You can create collections ol liles Ly searching lor any piece ol inlorma-
tion that exists in an image`s uata lielus. This is one ol the most amaz-
ing things aLout Canto Cumulus. For example, say you wanteu to put
together a collection ol linisheu versions ol reu llower images photo-
grapheu in the springtime. No proLlemjust search the right lielus lor
the right uata anu you`ll have your collection in an instant.
Creat|aq Ue| |crtfc||cs |as||,
CanLo Cumulus can auLomaLically creaLe a web
porLolio rom a preselecLed collecLion o on-disk
phoLos. 1his is, in my opinion, well worLh Lhe money
alone. Files are sized and opLimized auLomaLically in
a maLLer o minuLes. Nany o Lhese prorams will
also creaLe rames and auLomaLically LiLle Lhe imaes.
C Lhe prorams menLioned in Lhis chapLer, Cumulus
and PhoLoshop Album are besL aL Lhis because Lhey
allow you Lo add meaninul LiLles Lo Lhe ile daLa and
Lhereore don'L have Lo depend on crypLic ilenames.
lL's Lhen very easy Lo individualize Lhe sLyle o Lhe
allery by oin inLo Lhe H1NL and chanin Lhins
such as Lype onLs, backround colors, and even Lhe
posiLionin o Lhe individual iles.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
!|p : Use aa |maqe Maaaqemeat |rcqram
I 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
Like Photoshop AlLum, Cumulus can also create sliue shows anu
HTML weL pages that catalog your photo collections. Cumulus creates
a QuickTime sliue show insteau ol a PDF sliue show, regaruless ol the
platlorm you`re working on. You can move assets lrom one uisk or uirec-
tory to another, something you can only uream aLout in AlLum. You can
also move assets to an FTP site il you neeu to share liles with others.
Vhen it comes to image management, it may seem as though you might uo
okay to use the lile-Lrowsing capaLilities Luilt into your operating system.
However, these uon`t give you nearly the power anu llexiLility ol a lull-lea-
tureu image management program. It`s more uillicult to change the size ol
thumLnails, anu you certainly coulun`t unuertake the archiving operations
mentioneu later.
Given the power ol Cumulus, you might Le wonuering
whether there`s any point in using Photoshop AlLum. I leel
there is. AlLum excels in Luiluing projects such as sliue
shows, weL galleries, Looks, CDs, anu gilts, thanks to the
ease with which you can tag liles, view them visually, anu
urop them into the workspace winuow where they can Le
oruereu lor use in a project.
!|p 1: Use a ra, Car4 tc Ma|e
|astaat kccarate Ccrrect|cas
Il you are shooting in a shaueu area next to an intensely
coloreu wall, shooting with mixeu lighting, or using
lluorescent tuLes that vary in color lrom their stateu color
Lalance (a mauueningly common occurrence), you may
have a haru time aujusting color Lalance using some ol
the technigues uescriLeu at the Leginning ol the chapter.
This is Lecause you have to guess at the proper changes in
more than one color channel.
One way to help is to start Ly taking a test shot that
incluues an 18 gray caru (or other item that is 18 gray),
as shown in Figure 3-29. These carus rellect 5O ol the
light cast on to them. Kouak`s 18 gray caru is very popu-
lar anu can Le lounu at most pro camera stores. Microstar`s
18 gray lens cleaning cloth is compact, inexpensive, anu
serves multiple purposes. Personally, I like to oruer several
carus at a time (they`re easy to lose) anu it`s a goou iuea to
have one in every camera`s carrying case so that you uon`t
lorget it when you venture out to shoot.
||qare 1-19. I|e .a|ject |+. + ||a|.| c+.t. |a
r+ |ea.-c|e+a|a c|et| |+. |eea j|+cea |a
t|e lr+me.
!|p 1: Use a ra, Car4 tc Ma|e Ccrrect|cas
I C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
Il you place your camera in spot-meter moue anu set the
white Lalance to automatic, you increase your chances ol
getting the proper color Lalance in the image when you
take the shot. Unlortunately, the camera will proLaLly
pick another color Lalance as soon as you move the gray
caru or cloth lrom the picture. The Lest way arounu this is
to keep the shutter Lutton hall uepresseu to lock in the set-
tings, have someone else remove the gray caru, then press
the Lutton all the way to take the shot.
Il you can`t uo that, the gray caru still serves a purpose,
as it can Le useu Ly Photoshop as a Lasis to Lalance the
overall color anu exposure, yieluing a photo such as Figure
3-3O. Here`s how you uo it.
1. Vhen you get the image with the gray caru/cloth into
Photoshop or Photoshop Elements, open either the
Levels or Curves uialog. (The Curves uialog is shown
in Figure 3-31.) At the lower-right siue ol the uialog,
you will see three eyeuroppers: Llack (shauow), gray
(miutone), anu white (highlight). Choose the gray
eyeuropper, click on the gray caru in the photo, anu
presto' The color Lalance in that image is instantly
perlect, yet your overall exposure uoesn`t change.
2. In the uialog, click the Save Lutton. This will save
the settings useu to correct the image. Vhen the Save
uialog appears, give the .acv lile a category name that
uescriLes all the images you want to correct accoruing
to the same setting. Save anu close the gray caru lile.
3. Drag all the other liles you want to color-correct into
the workspace so that they`re all open at the same
time. Click each in turn to make it active, then press
Cmu/Ctrl-M to open the Curves uialog. Click the
Loau Lutton (it Lrings up a stanuaru File Open-type
uialog) to loau the .acv lile you saveu lor the gray caru
exposure. Vhen the lile loaus, the color Lalance will
automatically correct. Il this is the last curves aujust-
ment you neeu to make lor this image, just click OK
anu then Save As, anu auu clr corr to the lilename
just Lelore the linal serial numLer.
+. Repeat Step 3 lor all the other images in the series.
Il you have createu an action, just highlight it in the
Actions palette anu click Play to uo everything in this
exercise with a couple ol mouse clicks.
||qare 1-1. I||. |m+e |+. |eea ce|er-cerrectea
w|t| t|e .+me .ett|a. a.ea te cerrect ||are 1-z.
I|e ce|er cerrect|ea. were m+ae |a t|e tar.e.
a|+|e, +aa t|e e\je.are cerrect|ea. were m+ae +t
t|e .+me t|me.
Us|aq kct|cas
1he ray-card rouLine works even asLer i you creaLe
a PhoLoshop acLion or iL. All you have Lo do is creaLe
a new acLion. Name Lhe acLion in Lhe resulLin dialo
and click CK Lo sLarL recordin. 1hen perorm Lhese
sLeps and click Lhe SLop icon aL Lhe boLLom o Lhe
AcLions paleLLe when you've compleLed Lhe rouLine.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
!|p 1: Use a ra, Car4 tc Ma|e Ccrrect|cas
0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
Sauly, it`s not practical to stick a gray caru into every shoot-
ing situation. All too olten, you simply neeu to shoot lirst
anu ask guestions later. Thanklully, Photoshop lets you
correct color Lalance in numerous ways, so with a little
Lit ol ellort you`ll likely prouuce a perlectly acceptaLle
result. For instance, you can use the technigue uescriLeu
earlier when setting levels; you can color-correct specilic
areas ol Lrightness Ly using the Curves uialog on one or
more color channels; anu you can even Lreak uown anu
use the Image Color Balance, Image Hue/Saturation,
or Image Variations uialog to change the color Lalance.
Il you`ve shot RAV liles, you can also make aujustments
with the Temperature anu Tint sliuers in the AuoLe
Photoshop Camera RAV plug-in uialog.
!|p 1: Keep t|e 0r|q|aa| |maqe |atact U|ea \ca
!tart Ma||aq Mc4|hcat|cas
One ol the great things aLout uigital photography is that it accelerates your
aLility to meet your ueaulines. In a rush, however, it`s easy to lorget that
once you`ve mouilieu an imageparticularly il it`s an alreauy-compromiseu
]PEGyou have lost image guality uata that you can ncvcr retrieve.
There`s an easy solution: ncvcr na|c nodifications to thc origina| fi|c. I always
auu the aLLreviation orig to the original interpretation ol any lile, especially
il that interpretation is a ]PEG image. Most originals, such as Figure 3-32,
are uestroyeu simply Lecause the photographer or the assistant lorgot that a
0ca't |crqet ||ctcs|cp
k4jastmeat |a,ers|
l you use Lhe Levels or Curves command as an
adjusLmenL layer, you can insLanLly adjusL oLher imaes
shoL in Lhe same condiLions. 1o do Lhis, open Lhe oriinal
imae and iLs Layers paleLLe and link all Lhe adjusLmenL
layers. NexL, open any imae in which you wanL Lo make
idenLical adjusLmenLs. Nake Lhe irsL imae acLive and
Lhen dra Lhe linked adjusLmenL layers Lo Lhe imae you
jusL opened. 1he oriinal adjusLmenL layers insLanLly
appear in Lhe Layers paleLLe o Lhe new imae, and Lhe
layers are auLomaLically adjusLed.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
|tper|meat|aq w|t|
|,e4rcppers
1he black and whiLe eyedroppers
can also correcL color balance i
you can ind an absoluLely black or
whiLe objecL in Lhe picLure, buL Lhey
will also likely chane Lhe overall
exposure. lL's worLh experimenLin
wiLh Lhese opLions aL leasL once,
as Lhere may be Limes when Lhey
are useul. However, Lhey should
be used only as a lasL resorL or an
inLenLional deviaLion meanL Lo creaLe
a "mood."
||qare 1-11. I|e tar.e. a|+|e w|t| t|e r+
eearejjer tee| ||||||tea.
!|p 1: Keep t|e 0r|q|aa| |maqe |atact
C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
uuplicate shoulu Le maue Lelore making mouilications to the image (such as
the zoom anu color correction in Figure 3-33).
As I hinteu at earlier, you can also protect the original Ly rotating the thumL-
nail representation ol the lile in the AuoLe Photoshop CS File Browser Lelore
you open it insiue ol Photoshop. This saves a rotateu proxy
ol the image anu leaves the original completely unscatheu.
It also tells Photoshop how to rotate the image as soon as
the lile is openeu. As long as you save the lile with a new
name when you`re uone working with it in Photoshop, it
never neeus to Le rotateu again. To rotate the image in the
File Browser, click the Rotate icon in the Lottom lelt margin
ol the File Browser. (Click Opt/Alt simultaneously to rotate
counterclockwise.)
Because many ol their Lrowsing lunctions overlap, it`s uil-
licult to know when to use the File Browser versus the OS
Lrowser versus applications such as iPhoto, Photoshop
AlLum, or Canto Cumulus. Here`s what I uo: use the
Photoshop File Browser with the Camera RAV plug-in to open your RAV liles,
to name images as soon as they`re uownloaueu lrom the camera, anu to rotate
images. Once you`ve uone that, it`s easier to keep your uucks in a row il you
start working in iPhoto, Photoshop AlLum, or Cumulus.
||qare 1-11. I|e er||a+| j|ete.
||qare 1-11. 0ae el m+a |aterjret+t|ea. t|+t
|+. t|e .+me l||e .|te.
|mme4|ate 0ap||cat|ca
lL's a ood idea Lo eL in Lhe habiL o choosin lmae
DuplicaLe Lhe MINUTE you open an imae (you
probably noLiced LhaL we did LhaL earlier). A dialo
will appear askin you Lo name Lhe duplicaLe; you
can subsLiLuLe Lhe "ori" suix or one LhaL describes
how you'll be inLerpreLin Lhe imae. 1hen close Lhe
oriinal ile (you don'L need Lo save iL) beore you've
done anyLhin more Lo iL.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
!|p 1: Keep t|e 0r|q|aa| |maqe |atact
z 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
!|p : Keep |a,ers '!|| t|e |a4
Once the layers in an image have Leen llatteneu anu the lile has Leen closeu,
you can`t make a change to one ol the layers without starting over lrom
scratch. This is true when it comes to correcting exposure as well as the
ellects useu on oLjects. The proLlem is, the more layers you have, the larger
the lile size (with the exception ol aujustment layers, which auu virtually
nothing to lile size). In lact, each layer can increase lile size Ly as much as
1OO ol the size ol the Lackgrounu layer. Compare Figure 3-3+ with Figure
3-35 to see all the layers that were auueu to the original photograph. Figure
3-36 shows the actual layers in the Layers palette.
This Lrings me to another valuaLle tip: |ccp thosc |aycrs. There is a wealth
ol auvantages to keeping layers lor as long as possiLle Lelore llattening the
image. You shoulu llatten or merge layers only when you`re sure that you`ll no
longer neeu them, or when the lile size is so large that every little euit takes
minutes insteau ol seconus.
|astaataaecas C|cat
8elieve iL or noL, one o Lhe
besL reasons you should keep
all your layers inLacL is Lo
impress and win over your
boss, clienL, or ediLor. Usin
layers allows you Lo keep
alLernaLive versions o Lhe
same imae in Lhe same ile.
You can show Lhese dierenL
versions simply by clickin Lhe
Layers paleLLe's Show/Hide
box or Lhe appropriaLe layers.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
||qare 1-14. :t+rt|a lrem .cr+tc|.
!|p : Keep |a,ers '!|| t|e |a4
1 C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
Vhen you are reauy to senu the lile elsewhere anu dont want it to bc a|tcrcd,
choose Image Duplicate. Then llatten anu rename the uuplicate to rellect
the purpose lor which it will Le useu. I recommenu saving it as a TIFF lile.
Many people are too miserly when it comes to saving haru urive space, a
hangover lrom the uays when it wasn`t alloruaLle or easy to auu urive space to
an existing computer. Touay, FireVire anu USB 2.O ports allow you to uaisy-
chain numerous urives together lor aLout $1 per gigaLyte. Since those urives
are also hot-pluggaLle, they can Le storeu ollline when they`re useu to holu
oluer projects or to archive images. In other worus, there`s no practical limit
to how much haru urive space you can easily attach to one computer. Don`t
sell yoursell short.
||qare 1-1. I|ere +re .|\ |+er. |a t||. |m+e, |ac|aa|a cerrect|ea |+er., t|e |e||cejter, t|e ||ra. |a t|e
lerereaaa, +aa t|e ||ra. .|+aew..
||qare 1-1. I|e |+er. j+|ette ler t|e
j|ete |a ||are 1-1.
!|p : Keep |a,ers '!|| t|e |a4
+ 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
!|p : Keep 0ap||cate |||es tc a M|a|mam
Earlier, I mentioneu that you shoulu use an image management program to
keep uown the amount ol uuplicate liles on your system. That`s a goou iuea
no matter what.
As cameras increase their sensor size, resolution, anu RAV lile Lit-uepth,
image liles get larger. On top ol that, uigital photography makes it easier to
interpret the same image in many uillerent ways in oruer to create uillerent
moous, meet uillerent layout specs, or match uillerent color schemes. The
more prolilic you are in uigital photography, the worse this proLlem can
Lecome. Belore you know it, you can enu up with uuplicate liles everywhere
on your uata urives. The results ol a Vinuows XP Search commanu on one
ol my urives, shown in Figure 3-37, illustrates how Lau it can get.
||qare 1-1I. | tj|c+| .e+rc| ler l||e. a.|a t|e
\|aaew. /| :e+rc| cemm+aa.
!|p : Keep 0ap||cate |||es tc a M|a|mam
C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
To remeuy this proLlem, you neeu to employ Loth ol the lollowing solu-
tions:
1. Create goou haLits lor naming, tagging, anu storing liles as you create
them.
2. Immeuiately get riu ol all the useless uuplicates on your system Lelore
you start using lile-organizing soltware such as AuoLe Photoshop
AlLum.
Note that getting riu ol uuplicate liles is not a repeat ol the auvice to uelete
all the mistakes lrom your camera carus Lelore you uownloau them. The
proLlem here is that it`s too easy to create numerous copies ol the same lile
aftcr you`ve uownloaueu it. You may create various versions Lecause you`ve
exporteu them to uillerent computers within your ollice system. Or you
may just lorget where you storeu the lile anu enu up saving it again. I once
lounu mysell with +5,OOO photographs on my main computer when I trieu
to consoliuate all my image liles anu aLout lour-lilths ol them turneu out to
Le uuplicates. Trust me: getting riu ol all those uuplicates is one ol the most
teuious, Loring, anu time-consuming joLs on the planet'
The trauitional way to get riu ol uuplicate liles is to search lor all the image
liles with a given lilename using the search lacilities Luilt into the operat-
ing system. Some image management soltware, such as AuoLe Photoshop
AlLum, Canto Cumulus 5.5 (the trauitional pro lavorite), Picasa, anu even the
AuoLe Photoshop anu Photoshop Elements File Browsers can help in getting
riu ol uuplicates Lecause you can see the images. However, this just takes way
too long il you`ve Leen collecting uigital images lor a year or more anu haven`t
carelully manageu your accumulation ol uupes.
Vhat you really neeu is a ue-uuplication utility. My personal lavorite is a
$2+ program appropriately calleu DeDupe (see Figure 3-38). Il you`re a Mac
user, you can run DeDupe with the aiu ol VirtualPC. Il you want, uownloau
the lull version lrom www.tcchnopundits.con/dcdupc.htn anu put it to work
right away.
Vhen you set up DeDupe, you can specily which urives anu uirectories you
want to search, as well as what lile types you want to search lor. Then, just
click the Run icon anu the program uoes a thorough search. On my system,
which contains over a teraLyte ol liles, this can take over an hour, Lut when
the search is linisheu all the liles are sorteu alphaLetically Ly name. DeDupe
automatically makes the lirst lile with a given name the primary lile, coues
it with a gray Lar, anu then lists all the uuplicate liles Leneath it. (Files with
uillerent lilename extensions are not treateu as uuplicates.)
Excrcisc cxtrcnc caution whcn
trying to dc-dupc fi|cs that havc
thc origina| scria| nunbcrs givcn
to thcn by thc cancra. |t is
cntirc|y possib|c that nu|tip|c
fi|cs havc cxact|y thc sanc nanc
and arc cxact|y thc sanc sizc. Bc
surc to rcnanc thcsc fi|cs as soon
as you down|oad thcn so that
you can avoid this prob|cn (scc
Tip 1 for norc on using thc Ii|c
Browscr for batch rcnaning. |f
you a|rcady havc hundrcds of
scria|izcd fi|cs down|oadcd, ita
wou|dnt bc a bad idca to usc thc
Ii|c Browscr to batch-rcnanc
thcn a|| bcforc dc-duping.
7! 2 . ) . '
!|p : Keep 0ap||cate |||es tc a M|a|mam
0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
Here`s the most ellicient routine I`ve lounu lor eliminating unnecessary liles
using DeDupe:
1. Scroll uown until you have an entire screen ol real uuplicates.
2. Mark the primary lile lor each list ol uuplicates. Use the Return/Enter
key to lly through the cautionary uialogs.
3. Shilt-click to highlight the entire list.
+. Ctrl-click to ueselect the primary liles.
5. DouLle-check to make sure that all the highlighteu liles are actually
uuplicates (with the same lile size anu uate). Deselect any that aren`t.
||qare 1-1. I|e |e|aje l||e aaj||c+te .e+rc| |aterl+ce.
!|p : Keep 0ap||cate |||es tc a M|a|mam
I C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
6. Right-click to choose Delete Duplicate, then press
Return/Enter twice to lly through warning uialogs.
7. Scroll up until you have a whole new page ol uupli-
cates.
Columns can Le narroweu or wiueneu Ly uragging the
vertical taLle line. Do this to ensure that you can see all
the uata you neeu to see to uetermine il the lile is actually
a uuplicate.
Il you lollow the suggestions in Tip 2: Use Your Image
Management Program Visely, you shoulu never neeu
to use DeDupe. However, il anu when you uo neeu it,
DeDupe can Le a lilesaver. However, DeDupe uoes lack
some capaLility that I`u like to see auueu: the aLility to
preview a thumLnail, the option to uelete all liles ol a
given name, anu the option to rename liles on the spot in
case a uuplicate isn`t really a uuplicate (e.g., a weL, prool, or
small version ol the lile, or a version that has Leen euiteu
Lut hasn`t Leen croppeu or resizeu).
As noteu earlier, il you`re a Mac user, you won`t Le aLle
to use DeDupe unless you own the version ol Virtual PC
that`s appropriate to your operating system.
!|p I: Use !pec|a| Names
AuoLe Photoshop anu Photoshop Elements give you an
impressive list ol lile lormats that you can save to. They
then complicate matters Ly auuing a variety ol options as
to what to incluue with a lile when you save it. Il you uon`t
pay attention to how you name your liles when you`re
choosing those options, you`ll either neeulessly increase
the numLer ol uuplicate liles on your system or you`ll
start ueleting liles that you spent hours euiting. Compare
Figure 3-39 anu Figure 3-+O to see examples ol a magni-
lieu ]PEG anu a magnilieu TIF, Laseu on various settings
that we`ve given the liles when we save it. (These are two
separate images, each magnilieu to +OO.)
||qare 1-19. |et+|| el + I||0 l||e w|t| meaer+te
cemjre..|ea (m+a|l|ea te + el er||a+|
|m+e). Nete t|e ||ec||ae...
||qare 1-4. |et+|| el + I|| l||e (m+a|l|ea te
+ el er||a+| |m+e). Nete |ew mac| |etter
t|e |m+e |a+||t |. cemj+rea te + I||0.
!|p I: Use !pec|a| Names
0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
The solution to this proLlem lies in uoing two things:
1. Choose your save options carelully anu purposelully.
2. Auu inlormation to the lilename that lets you know
how anu why the lile uillers lrom the original
enhanceu lile.
Naming liles so that you know how anu why they uiller
lrom other versions ol the same photo makes it much eas-
ier to uistinguish uillerent versions ol the same liles lrom
others that are simply uuplicates. As mentioneu previously,
this is Lest uone Ly auuing a short aLLreviation as the very
last element ol the lilename when the Save or Save As uia-
log appears. Photoshop always shows the current name ol
the lile in the File Name lielu. Place your cursor just aheau
ol the uot that preceues the lile extension anu then type
in the aLLreviation. TaLle 3-3 shows a list ol aLLreviations
that I use to show the important characteristics ol a lile;
these shoulu Le auueu to the aLLreviations that uesignate
the lile`s purpose. I also auu a serial numLer to the original
in oruer to track uillerent versions ol these operations.
Ia||e 1-1. ke|pfa| |heteshep a||re|at|eas
"CCSFWJBUJPO .FBOJOH
corO1 The primary exposure-correcteu lile; nothing else has Leen uone
to this image. You will want to go Lack to this lile il you ueciue to
explore a whole new route to enhancing the image. The serial num-
Ler inuicates lurther corrections.
lxO1 Special ellects have Leen auueu to the original.
cmpO1 Auuitional images have Leen compositeu into the original.
smO1 This is a small 1O2+ 768 version ol the lile that can Le useu lor
presentations, CD alLums, project printing, etc. Using smaller images
saves time when a prototype project involves numerous images.
wLO1 The image is weL optimizeu.
puLO1 The image is sizeu anu prolileu lor ollset printeu puLlication.
lgO1 The image is llatteneu anu sizeu lor an exhiLit print.
See Figure 3-+1 lor a practical application.
There are literally uozens ol image lile lormats, so it`s a goou iuea to limit your
lormats to those you`re most likely to use. Unless you have an application that
reguires a peculiar lormat in oruer lor you to uo a joL, you shoulu convert all
ol these weiru lormats to the lour that are most universally accepteu across
the various computer platlorms. Doing so will save a lot ol conlusion later on.
TaLle 3-+ shows the most common Photoshop extensions, anu some recom-
menuations on using them.
||qare 1-41. Nete t|e +||re.|+t|ea t|+t |+.
|eea |a.ertea +t t|e eaa el t|e l||ea+me.
!|p I: Use !pec|a| Names
C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
Ia||e 1-4. Cemmea |heteshep exteas|eas
&YUFOTJPO 1VSQPTF
QTE The AuoLe Photoshop multilayer lile lormat, which can also Le reau
Ly most other image-euiting anu paint applications. Always use this
lormat lor works in progress, incluuing those that you may want to
lurther alter at some later uate.
UJG The most cross-platlorm anu cross-application compatiLle lile lormat
lor single-layer lossless images. Use this lor anything that you are ship-
ping as a linisheu lile lor puLlication or lor service Lureau printing.
KQH The most wiuely accepteu lull-color lormat lor photo-guality weL
images or lor any other application where liles must Le highly com-
presseu in oruer to save storage or uata transmission space. Do not use
this lormat to archive liles that must maintain maximum guality.
HJG The Lest weL lormat lor animations anu coloreu text, urawings, anu
llat-color illustrations.
!|e !ae ks 4|a|cq
You may linu it helplul to make use ol the lollowing leatures in the Photoshop
anu Photoshop Elements Save As uialogs. Most ol these options shoulu
alreauy Le turneu oll, unless you have createu that entity (e.g., annotations
or layers) Lelore saving the lile. Some ol these options are not availaLle with
Photoshop Elements.
As a Copy. This option lets you save a version ol an image that you`ve altereu
to a uillerent lilename. You can also change the lilename Ly auuing the
uistinction coues listeu in the preceuing section.
Alpha channcls. Any time you spenu more than 1O minutes making a selec-
tion, it`s a goou iuea to save that selection so that you can recall it il
you ueciue to make more changes to an image (choose Select Save
Selection). The saveu selection takes the lorm ol an alpha (transparency)
channel, which will Le Lunuleu with the lile il the Alpha Channels
checkLox in the Save As uialog is checkeu. The uownsiue ol saving each
selection is that it increases the lile size Ly approximately one-thiru lrom
the original RGB lile. So you uon`t want to save alpha channels il you
won`t Le using them again lor a linal version ol a lile or lor a lile that has
to Le weL-optimizeu. Ve`ll talk more aLout this in Chapter 5.
Laycrs. Each image layer can easily uouLle the lile size. However, you shoulu
save layers whenever reasonaLle. Il uisk space is a worry, you might Le
Letter oll Liting the Lullet anu Luying more urives insteau ol having to
re-create the entire euiting process just to make a slight change in expo-
sure or re-create a special ellect or composite.
!|p I: Use !pec|a| Names
0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
Annotations. Many people uon`t know that AuoLe Photoshop CS lets you
auu Loth voice anu text annotations to an image. These annotations
can Le a Lig help il you`re part ol a crew that is working on an image,
or il you want to collaLorate with someone else. They`re also uselul as
notes or reminuers ol something that you might want to teach or write
aLout later on. On the other hanu, annotations can auu guite a Lit to lile
size anu won`t work in all lile lormats, so uon`t save annotations il you
uon`t neeu them. To make an annotation, simply choose the text or voice
annotation tool lrom the ToolLox anu click when the cursor is over the
part ol the image that you want to annotate. You can open anu close the
annotation at any time. Il you make all annotations on a separate layer,
you can hiue that layer anytime you want to see the image without the
annotation markers.
Spot colors. Spot colors are process colors that are printeu with a ueuicateu
inkusually to ensure a perlect match with a client`s logo or prouuct
color (think Coke reu or Master`s Tournament green). Il you`ve specilieu
them in a lile to Le useu Ly the client whose color it is, Le sure that the
color stays with the lile.
Color projilc. Be sure to emLeu the color prolile il you want the uestination
printer to print the lile as you envisioneu it.
Imagc Prcvicu options. Il you check this Lox, you will save the thumLnails.
I`u recommenu uoing this unless the lile is Leing sent to an Internet ues-
tination where lile space is important.
Try to make the Photoshop Save/Save As uialogs the only place where you
set anu change the options uescriLeu aLoveeven il other utilities allow
you to change them. Keep in minu that il you uon`t conscientiously stick to
the plan, your ellorts at ellective lile management will have a less consistent
payoll. You`ll start wonuering il it`s really sale to eliminate what you think is
a uuplicate, anu you`ll start uesignating primary liles that really shoulu have
Leen eliminateu.
!|p : k44 aa4 Ma|ata|a |||e |afcrmat|ca
You neeu a way to recoru the circumstances anu leelings that surrounueu the
taking ol the photograph, or the technical inlormation aLout how the picture
was taken (known as EXIF uata), or the relevant categories anu keyworus that
might help you locate liles that are suiteu to a particular market.
Photoshop allows you to enter anu save various kinus ol inlormation with
a lile any time you open it Ly using the File Inlo commanu (shown in Loth
Figure 3-+2 anu Figure 3-+3). This commanu is locateu on the crowueu File
menu, which makes it very easy to overlook when saving anu retrieving inlor-
mation aLout your image. So make it a haLit ol choosing File File Inlo as
soon as you use Photoshop to open a lile lor the lirst time.
!a|aq fcr t|e Ue|
Choosin File Save or Web
ives you exLensive conLrol
over Lhe opLimizaLion o Lhe
imae. CpLimizaLion is Lhe
process o makin Lhe besL
compromise beLween imae
qualiLy and imae size. See
ChapLer 13, Sell lL on Lhe
Web, or more inormaLion.
( ) . 4
!|p : k44 aa4 Ma|ata|a |||e |afcrmat|ca
C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
At a minimum, auu a title that relates the lile to the shoot it was taken lor (e.g.,
Telegraph Ave stuuent Lookstore laaue). Later, you can use the search
capaLility ol other lile management programs to locate all the Telegraph Ave
photos. Il you`re getting paiu lor the shot, name it alter the client anu assign-
ment. In any case, Le sure the name ol the shoot is uescriptive enough anu
stanuaruizeu enough to help you relate it to other shoots ol the same type.
Then, create a macro that will open the lile anu appenu the inlormation
lrom a saveu lile to the lile inlo lor each image in the loluer (you`ve createu a
separate loluer lor each shoot, right?). Now all you have to uo is open the lile
inlo lor each lile anu auu whatever inlormation is unigue to that lile, such as
a caption or certain keyworus.
It woulu Le nice il you coulu use this inlormation to linu certain liles lrom
within Photoshop anu then have them show up in the Lrowser, Lut unlortu-
nately that can`t Le uone yet. But at least you can use the File Inlo uialog to
see all ol a lile`s inlormation or auu more inlormation.
Note that il you maintain the lile inlo, you can use some image management
programs, such as Canto Cumulus. See Tip 2: Use Your Image Management
Program Visely lor more inlormation.
!|p : krc||e keqa|ar|, tc C0 cr 0\0
This may seem oLvious, Lut there are many reasons why you shoulu consiuer
archiving your work. First ol all, your photos are extremely valuaLleLut
you proLaLly uon`t neeu to Le tolu that. You may also linu yoursell neeuing
to keep collections ol certain types ol suLject matter on a meuia that is easy
||qare 1-41. :creea.|et el a.er-eaterea eaer+| l||e |alerm+t|ea. ||qare 1-41. :creea.|et el |/|| a+t+ t|+t ceme.
w|t| + l||e. I||. |. eltea jre.|aea | t|e c+mer+.
!|p : krc||e keqa|ar|, tc C0 cr 0\0
z 0|q|ta| ||ctcqrap|,: |tpert !ec|a|aes
to uuplicate anu ship. (Ol course, you can simply use either Vinuows XP
or Mac OS X to move image liles to a loluer, Lut it`s tough to linu, euit, anu
organize photos lor a particular purpose when you`re in a hurry.) Also, you
may want to Le aLle to incluue some way ol presenting the images on the CD,
such as a sliue show. Finally, haru urive space isn`t inlinite, even il you have
uozens ol 25O MB haru urives uaisy-chaineu to your computer.
Once again, the solution lor avoiuing an organizational mess is to estaLlish
a logical workllow using an image management program, such as iPhoto,
AuoLe Photoshop AlLum, or Canto Cumulus. The lollowing workllow pro-
viues a goou starting point that you can customize to your own neeus anu
prelerences. Here`s a methou to ollloau projects to CDs that you can linu eas-
ily anu ship anywhere at a moment`s notice without having to worry aLout
Internet uownloau times.
!. Usc iPhoto 2 or Photoshop Album to sclcct thc jilcs. You really want to
use your image management program to uo this. Il you`ve alreauy taggeu
liles Ly category anu suLcategory, it shoulu Le easy to guickly collect all
the canuiuates lor a particular project Ly uisplaying only images that are
taggeu with the appropriate categories. Try not to use another program
such as the AuoLe Photoshop File Browser. You coulu enu up skipping
over some liles that Lelong to more than one catagory.
2. Drop thc jilcs into a Workspacc uindou. Highlight or search lor only
the tags that suit the project you`re working on. You`ll proLaLly want to
eliminate any apparent uuplicates anu Le sure you`ve chosen versions
that are appropriate to your project (i.e., the linal exposure-correcteu anu
layer-compositeu versions). It`s much easier to make these choices when
you can see Loth the image uata anu notes anu the image itsell. Vhen
you linu the exact image you want, simply urop it into the Vorkspace
winuow. See Figure 3-++.
3. Export thc projcct imagcs to a CD. It may Le that all you want to uo lor
this project is create a CD that contains only the images you want to
work on or senu to a team memLer.
To create a CD ol all the liles you`ve placeu in the workspace, just use the
Export commanu. (In Photoshop AlLum, click the Commanu Lutton in
the TaskLar at the top anu choose Export lrom the pull-uown menu.)
Vhen the Export uialog opens, choose the lile type anu photo size (Le
sure to choose Original il you uon`t want the image resizeu Lelore export-
ing), click the Browse Lutton to locate anu name the CD or loluer you
want to export the images to, anu then choose whether you want to auu
a common Lase name or simply use the original lilenames. Il you choose
a common Lase name, each lile will have a serial numLer auueu to it.
0rqaa|t|aq |, C0
l l make up a porLolio, l place
all Lhe iles Lo be prinLed inLo
a workspace and Lhen make
a CD o Lhose imaes. 1hen,
any Lime l wanL Lo duplicaLe
Lhe porLolio, book, or
presenLaLion, l can jusL mounL
Lhe CD, open all Lhe iles in
PhoLoshop, and Lhen prinL
Lhem. 8e sure Lo have Lhe
prinLer proile (we'll discuss
Lhis in ChapLer 11) on Lhe CD,
Loo. 1haL makes iL easier Lo
ind Lhe correcL proile or LhaL
parLicular roup o imaes i
you inLend Lhem Lo be prinLed
on a speciic prinLer/paper/ink
combinaLion.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
!|p : krc||e keqa|ar|, tc C0 cr 0\0
1 C|apter 1, 8r|aq|aq 0at t|e 8est ||ctare
You may want to create another
CD ol sliue-show liles to pre-
view a project or to create a low-
cost portlolio. This can Le very
uselul, as portlolios are olten
not returneu Lecause potential
clients want to keep them lor
luture relerence, so you like-
ly won`t want to spenu several
hunureu uollars on a portlolio
case, mounting Loarus, anu cus-
tom prints. A CD sliue show is
much more alloruaLle. It also
proviues a great way to test the
contents ol a portlolio Lelore
you go to the expense ol making
up a haru-copy portlolio.
To create a CD sliue show lrom
the images in the workspace,
click the Start Creations Vizaru
Lutton anu choose Sliueshow
lrom the Creations Vizaru win-
uow (see Figure 3-+5). Now all
you neeu to uo is lollow the
instructions in the Vizaru. You
can choose to create your sliue
show as haru copy lor print,
export it to a sell-playing CD-
ROM, email it to someone, or
use it to oruer prints online. Il
you want to uo more than one
ol the aLove, simply go Lack
anu continue to push Luttons on
the lilth page ol the Creations
Vizaru.
+. Print a contact shcct that can bc
storcd uith thc CD. Vhile you`re
still in the Vorkspace winuow,
you can also print the images to
a contact sheet that contains the
captions, lilenames, anu uates lor
each photo. I woulu like to see
the inuiviuual images Le some-
what larger, Lut you can con-
trol that to some extent Ly the
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lact that you can choose any numLer ol columns. You can also choose
Inuiviuual Prints rather than Contact Sheet in the Print Vorkspace
Vinuow (see Figure 3-+6), anu the program will automatically lit as
many prints as possiLle on the page, given the size ol the print you`ve
chosen. The only proLlem with this is that there`s no iuentilying lilename
or caption, so you coulu lose track ol exactly which print the client hau
chosen. I sometimes present the prints Loth ways, so that the client can
see somewhat larger prints lor making linal annotations anu choices,
while using the contact sheets as a relerence. You may want to rotate
images so that you can view Loth lanuscape anu portrait images without
having to physically rotate the page. That`s up to you, Lut rememLer that
Photoshop AlLum can`t rotate a proxy. It resamples the image anu coulu
therelore cause some uata loss, which is especially worrisome il you`re
rotating ]PEGs that are alreauy lossy.
There are, ol course, many other programs anu methous that let you accom-
plish all ol the tasks in this section. However, I tenu to use the workspace in
Photoshop AlLum to organize the images that will Le placeu in those pro-
grams or useu in those methous, just Lecause it`s the easiest way to keep all
the appropriate images in one easy-to-linu placepreleraLly a CD. I just wish
there were a way to put multiple CD projects on one uisk. This woulu let you
export Loth the sliue show anu the liles you might want to print or archive.
Use |css, |aper fcr
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!|cts
l buy 100-sheeL packaes o
Lpson or Kodak lossy paper
aL my local discounL or oice
supply warehouse or abouL
$20 a packae. 1his is noL
archival paper, buL iL cerLainly
lasLs lon enouh Lo presenL
a conLacL sheeL Lo a clienL
or preprinLin markup and
imae approval. Also, Lhe
imaes look proessionally
phoLoraphic-which is noL
Lhe case i conLacL sheeLs are
prinLed on sLandard-weihL
oice-size phoLo papers.
% 8 0 % 2 4 ! $ 6 ) # %
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PhoLoshop Album and iPhoLo also
leL you creaLe emails and email-able
slide shows. 1he process or doin
Lhis is essenLially Lhe same as or
creaLin a slide show excepL LhaL you
choose email as a desLinaLion. Also,
i you're producin a slide show on
disk, Lhere's no need or Lhe proram
Lo opLimize iles or Lhe lnLerneL, so
your imaes can be enlared Lo iL
whaLever size screen Lhe viewer has
available.
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