KE 1

1.1. -

1. , , , . :
i)
1
2

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )

(, )
= {(, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), , )}
ii) {(, ), (, ), (, )}
iii) {(, ), (, ), , )}.
2. i)

= {(, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, ), (, )}
ii) {(, ), (, ),}
iii) .

(, )
(, )
(, )
(, )
(, )
(, )

1:

3. i) = {(, ), (, ), (, ), (, )}.
ii) = {(, ), (, )}.
4. i) ,
:

(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )
(, , )

18
:
ii) = {(, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , )}
iii) = {(, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ),
(, , ), (, , )}
iv) = {(, , ), (, , ), (, , )}
v) = {(, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , )}
() = {(, , )}.
5. i) = {(0, ), (0, ), (0, ), (0, ), (1, ), (1, ), (1, ), (1, )}
ii) = {(0, ), (0, )}
iii) = {(0, ), (0, ), (1, ), (1, )}
iv) = {(1, ), (1, ), (1, ), (1, )}.
6. i) = {3}, = {2,4,6}, = , .
ii) , ,
.

1.1. -

iii) 30, 30 , .
iv) = , .
7.

= {, , , , , , , }.

1.

= {, , , , , }.
2.
.
2

1
1
2
3
4
5
6

1
(1, 1)
(2, 1)
(3, 1)
(4, 1)
(5, 1)
(6, 1)

2
(1, 2)
(2, 2)
(3, 2)
(4, 2)
(5, 2)
(6, 2)

3
(1, 3)
(2, 3)
(3, 3)
(4, 3)
(5, 3)
(6, 3)

4
(1, 4)
(2, 4)
(3, 4)
(4, 4)
(5, 4)
(6, 4)

5
(1, 5)
(2, 5)
(3, 5)
(4, 5)
(5, 5)
(6, 5)

6
(1, 6)
(2, 6)
(3, 6)
(4, 6)
(5, 6)
(6, 6)

1:

= {(2,1), (3,1), (3,2), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (6,1), (6,2),
(6,3), (6,4), (6,5)}.
= {(1,1), (1,3), (1,5), (2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5), (4,2), (4,4), (4,6),
(5,1), (5,3), (5,5), (6,2), (6,4), (6,6)}.
= {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), (2,2), (3,1), (4,1)}.
= {(3,1), (4,2), (5,1), (5,3), (6,2), (6,4)}.
= {(2,1), (3,1), (4,1)}.
() = {(3,1)}.

1.2.

1. i) 4
4 = 1 .
52 13
ii)
. 1 4 = 48 = 12 .
52 52 13
2. , = {, , , }
1
. .
4
3. 10 + 15 + 5 + 10 = 40 .
i) 15.
15 .
40
ii) 10 15 .

10 + 15 = 25 .
40
40

iii) , .
10 + 15 = 25 .
40
40
4. 4 + 11 + 9 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 30 .
3 , -

1.2.

2 . 9 2 ,
9 .

30
5. = {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}, = {12, 15, 18}
= {12, 16, 20}.
i) () =

3 .
11

ii) () =

3 ,
3 = 8 .
() = 1
11
11 11

6. , ,
, () =

30 ,
20
40 .
() =
() =
100
100
100

:
i) () = () + () = 30 + 20 = 50 , 50%.
100 100 100
30 40 = 30 ,
ii) (N) = 1 (N) = 1 () () = 1
100 100 100
30%.
7.

() + () () = ()
17 + 7 () = 2
30 15
3
() = 17 + 7 2 = 17 + 14 20 = 11 .
30 15 3 30 30 30 30

8.

() + () () = ()
1 + () 1 = 5
2
3 6

() = 5 + 1 1 = 5 + 2 3 = 4 = 2 .
6 3 2 6 6 6 6 3
9.

() + () () = ()
2() 0,2 = 0,6
2() = 0,8
() = 0,4.

10

1:

10.

() = () + () ()
=1 + 1 2 1
2
3 12
=1 +1 1
2 3 12
= 6 + 4 1 = 9 =3.
12 12 12 12 4

11.
() () + () () + () () () + ()
0 () .
12. D V.
25 , () = 55 , () = 15 .
() =

100
100
100
() = () + () ()
= 25 + 55 15 = 65 , 65%.
100 100 100 100
13.
.

() = 10 , () = 6 () = 2 .
100
100
100
)
() = () + () ()

AB

BA

= 10 + 6 2 = 14 , 14%.
100 100 100 100
) ( )( ).
( ) ( ) .
(( )( )) = ( ) + ( )
= () () + () ()
= () + () + 2()
= 10 + 6 4 = 12 , 12%.
100 100 100 100

11

1.2.

14. .
() = 80 , () = 30 () = 20 .
100
100
100

(()) = 1 ()
= 1 () () + ()
= 1 80 30 + 20 = 10 , 10%.
100 100 100 100

1. i) () = () + () () = +
ii) (()) = 1 () = 1 +

iii) (( )( )) = ( ) + ( )
= () () + () ()
= () + () 2()
= + 2.

2.
, () = 15 () = 40 () = 10 .
100
100
100
:
(()) = 1 () = 1 [() + () ()]
= 1 15 + 40 10 = 1 45 = 55 , 55%.
100 100 100
100 100
() = 3
() 4

3.

() = 3
1 () 4
4() = 3 3 ()
7() = 3,
()= 3 ,
7

() = 1 () = 4 .
7

12

1:

4. () = x, () = 1 x, 0 < x < 1.
1 + 1 4

1 + 1 4
() ()
x 1 x

5.

1 x + x 4x(1 x)
1 x + x 4x 4x2
4x2 4x + 1 0
(2x 1)2 0

() ()
() 0,6

(1)

() 1
() + () () 1
0,6 + 0,7 () 1
0,6 + 0,7 1 ()
0,3 ()

(2)

(1) (2) :
0,3 () 0,6.
6. () () () () 1 + () ()
() + () () 1
() 1
.

KE 2

2.1.

1.
(i) A =

xy3

x2y3

1
: y
x3

4 12
9
9
= x y x = y6 x = y9 x9 = x y 9
x4y6 y3
y3

(ii) x = 2010 y =

1 x y = 1
2010

= 19 = 1.
2

2
2
2. = x : 1
= x x3 y7 = x5 y5 = xy
y
x3 y7
y2

10

x = 0,4 y = 2,5 xy = 1 = (1)10 = 1.

3. i) 10012 9992 = (1001 999) (1001 + 999) = 2 2000 = 4.000.
ii) 99 101 = (100 1) (100 + 1) = 1002 1 = 10000 1 = 9.999.
iii)

7,23 2 4,23 2 7,23 + 4,23 7,23 4,23

=
= 11,46 3 = 3
11,46
11,46
11,46

4. i)
( + )2 ( )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 (2 2 + 2)
= 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 = 4
ii) (i):
999 + 1000
1000 999

2
999 1000 = 4 999 1000 = 4
1000 999
1000 999

14

2:

5. i)
2 ( 1) ( + 1) = 2 (2 1) = 2 2 + 1 = 1
ii) (i) = 1,3265
1.
6. v v + 1 :

(v + 1)2 v2 = (v + 1 v) (v + 1 + v) = (v + 1) + v
7.
2v + 2v+1 + 2v+2 = 2v (1 + 2 + 22) = 2v 7

1.

i)

3 22 + = (2 2+1) = ( 1)2 = 1
( 1)
1
2

ii)

2 + 2 2 = ( 1) + 2( 1) = ( 1) ( + 2) = + 2
( 1) ( + 1)
( 1) ( + 1) + 1
2 1

2.
2

1 2 3 + 2 = 2 1 2 ( + 1)
i)
( + 1)3

( + 1)3
= ( 1)

( + 1)2
2

ii)

( + 1)

= ( 1)

2 + + 1 2 1 = 2 + + 1 ( 1) ( + 1)
=1
+1
+1
3 1
( 1) (2 + + 1)

3.
2 1
+1
i) (x + y)
x y

= (x + y) 2 y + x
xy

= (x + y) 2 x y
x+y

= (x y) 2 = x2 y2

2.1.

15

11
11
x + y x1 y1 = x + y x y = x + y
x y
ii)
2
2
xy x y
xy 1 1 xy 1 1 1 + 1
x y x y
x2 y2
= x + y 1 = x + y xy = xy
xy y+x xy x+y xy
xy
4.
x3 + y3 : x2 y = (x + y) (x2 xy + y2) : x2 xy + y2
(x y) (x + y)
xy
x2 y2 x y
2
2
xy
= x xy + y
=1
2
xy
x xy + y2

5. i) : 1iv) (. 1, . 26)
= = = + + = 1,
++
= = .
: = = = k,

= k, = k = k
(1)
, , (1),
+ + = k( + + )
k = 1 ( + + 0, , , ).
, (1) = = .
: , 1.3, :
(1),
= k3() , 0, k3 = 1 k = 1.
, (1) = = .
: , ,
, ,

+ + 0.

16

2:

ii) : = (1) = (2), ,

(1) (2)
2 2 = 3 = 3 =
, (1) = . = =
.
: = = = k,
= k, = k = k
(2)
(2), k = 0,
, , = = .
6. x y ,
L = 2x + 2y

= xy
, ,
2x + 2y = 4

xy = 2

y = 2 x (1)

xy = 2 (2)
(1), (2) :
x(2 x) = 2 2x x2 = 2 x2 2x + 2 = 0
(x )2 = 0 x = 0 x =
(1) y = .
7. .
i) + = . T =
( ), .

ii) = . T =

( ), .

2.2.

2

1. i) + 9 6 6 + 9 0 ( 3) 0 .
ii) 2(2 + 2) ( + )2 22 + 22 2 + 2 + 2
22 + 22 2 2 2 0
2 + 2 2 0
( )2 0, .

17

2.2.

2. 2 + 2 2 + 1 0 2 2 + 1 + 2 0
( 1)2 + 2 0 .
= 1 = 0.
3. i) (x 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 0 x 2 = 0 y + 1 = 0
x = 2 y = 1.
ii) x2 + y2 2x + 4y + 5 = 0 x2 2x + 1 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 0
(x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 0
x 1 = 0 y + 2 = 0
x = 1 y = 2.
4. i)
4,5 < x < 4,6 5,3 < y < 5,4

4,5 + 5,3 < x + y < 4,6 + 5,4
9,8 < x + y < 10.
ii)
5,4 < y < 5,3
4,5 < x < 4,6

4,5 5,4 < x y < 4,6 5,3 0,9 < x y < 0,7.
iii) 5,3 < y < 5,4
1 > 1 > 1 1 <1 < 1
5,3 y 5,4
5,4 y 5,3
1 < x 1 < 4,6 1 45 < x < 46
4,5
5,4
y
5,3
54 y 53
iv)

(4,5)2 < x2 < (4,6)2 20,25 < x2 < 21,16
2

(5,3) < y < (5,4) 28,09 < y < 29,16

20,25 + 28,09 < x2 + y2 < 21,16 + 29,16 48,34 < x2 + y2 < 50,32.

18

2:

5.

x :
2 + 0,2 < x + 0,2 < 3 + 0,2 2,2 < x + 0,2 < 3,2, (1)
y :
3 0,1 < y 0,1 < 5 0,1 2,9 < y 0,1 < 4,9, (2)
(i)
= 2(x + 0,2) + 2(y 0,1) = 2(x + y + 0,1)
(1) (2) 5,1 < x + y + 0,1 < 8,1

2 5,1 < 2(x + y + 0,1) < 2 8,1 10,2 < < 16,2.
(ii)
= (x + 0,2)(y 0,1)
(1) (2)
2,2 2,9 < (x + 0,2)(y 0,1) < 3,2 4,9 6,38 < < 15,68.
6. (1 + )(1 + ) > 0
< (1 + ) (1 + ) < (1 + ) (1 + )
1+ 1+
1+
1+
(1 + ) < (1 + )
+ < + < , .
7. 5 x < 0 .
x(5 x) > (5 + x)(5 x) x < 5 + x 0 < 5, .

1. i) , , ,
+ > ( + ) > ( + ) + > +
+

> > < 1, .

ii)
+ < ( + ) < ( + ) + < +
+

19

2.3.

< <

> 1,
.

2. + > 1 + + 1 > 0
(1 ) (1 ) > 0
( 1)(1 ) > 0, , > 1 < 1.
3.
( + ) 1 + 1 4 ( + ) + 4 ( + )2 4

2 + 2 + 2 4 0
2 + 2 2 0 ( )2 0, .
4. i) 2 + + 2 0 22 + 2 + 22 0
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 0
( + )2 + 2 + 2 0, .
ii) 2 + 2 0 22 2 + 22 0
2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 0
( )2 + 2 + 2 0, .

2.3.

1. i) | 3| = 3, > 3.
ii) | 4| = 4 , < 4.
iii) |3 | + |4 | = 3 + 4 = 1.
iv) 2 3 3 2 = 3 2

3 2 =0

2. |x 3| = x 3, x > 3 |x 4| = 4 x, x < 4
|x 3| + |x 4| = x 3 + 4 x = 1.
3. i) x < 3, x < 4, x 3 < 0 4 x > 0.
|x 3| |4 x| = (3 x) (4 x) = 3 x 4 + x = 1.
ii) x > 4, x > 3, x 4 > 0 x 3 > 0.
|x 3| |4 x| = x 3 + (4 x) = 1.
4.

=
= 1.

20

2:

x y
5. x > 0 y > 0, A = + = 1 + 1 = 2
x y
x > 0 y < 0, A = x y = 1 1 = 0
x y
x y = 1 1 = 2
x < 0 y < 0, A =
x y
x + y = 1 + 1 = 0.
x < 0 y > 0, A =
x
y
6. i) d(2,37, D) 0,005 (1)
ii) (1) |2,37 D| 0,005 2,37 0,005 D 2,37 + 0,005
2,365 D 2,375.
7.

21

2.3.

B
1.
| | = |( ) + ( )| | | + | |.
2. > > 0 | | = :
i)

+ + | | = + + = 2 =
2
2
2

ii)

+ | | = + + = 2 = .
2
2
2

3. |x| 0 |y| 0, :
|x| + |y| 0
|x| = 0 |y| = 0, x = 0 y = 0.
. :
i) |x| + |y| = 0 x = 0 y = 0.
ii) |x| + |y| > 0 x 0 y 0.
4. i) 0 < <

< 1 > 1. < 1 < .

ii) 1 < 1 , , 1 < 1.

> 0
2
2
< <

0 < 2 + 2 2
( )2 > 0, .
5. |x 2| < 0,1 1,9 < x < 2,1 (1)
|y 4| < 0,2 3,8 < y < 4,2 (2)

22

2:

i) 1 1 = x + 2y. (2)

7,6 < 2y < 8,4
(3)
(1) (3), :
1,9 + 7,6 < x + 2y < 2,1 + 8,4 9,5 < 1 < 10,5.
ii) 2 , 2 = 4x + 2y. (1)
7,6 < 4x < 8,4
(4)
(4) (3), :
7,6 + 7,6 < 4x + 2y < 8,4 + 8,4 15,2 < 2 < 16,8.
iii) L L = 2x. (1)
2 1,9 < 2x < 2 2,1 3,8 < L < 4,2.

2.4.

1. i)

100 = 10,
4

1000 = 103 = 10,

10000 = 104 = 10,

ii)

4 = 22 = 2,

iii)

0,01 =
4

2. i)

100000 = 105 = 10.

1 = 1 ,
100 10

0,0001 =

8 = 23 = 2,
3

16 = 24 = 2,

0,001 =

1
= 1 ,
10000 10

32 = 25 = 2.

1 = 1 ,
1000 10

0,00001 =

1
= 1 .
100000 10

( 4)2 = | 4| = 4 .

ii)

(20)2 = |20| = 20.

iii)

(x 1) = |x 1|.

iv)

x2 = |x| .
4
2

3.
2 5

3 5

= 2 5 + 3 5 = 5 2 + 3 5 = 1.

23

2.4.

4.

x5 x+3

x5 + x+3 = x5 x+3
= (x 5) (x + 3)
= x 5 x 3 = 8,
x 5 0 x + 3 0, x 5.

5. i)

8 18

50 + 72 32

24 2 9

2 25 + 2 36 2 16

= 2 2 3 2 5 2 +6 2 4 2
= 2
ii)

7 2 = 7

2 = 14.

28 + 7 + 32

63 32

4 7 + 7 + 2 16

7 9 2 16

= 2 7 + 7 +4 2 3 7 4 2 = 3 7 +4 2
2

3 7 4 2

= 3 7 4 2 = 9 7 16 2 = 63 32 = 31.
6. i)

2 2 2 2+ 2 = 2
22

= 2
3

ii)

= 2 2 = 2.

2 3+ 5 3 5 = 2

= 2

32

2 2 2+ 2

3+ 5 3 5
3

= 2 9 5 = 2 4 = 2 4 = 8 = 2.

7. i) 1 :
3

2 2 =

2 2 =
3

12

2 =

1/3

2 = 2.

2 :
3

2 2 =
=

22

1/3

4/3 1/2

2
2/3

= 2

4/3
2/3 1/2

= 2

=2 = 2 .

ii) 1 :
5

2 2 2 =
=

2
5

23 2 =

2 24 =

5 6

26 24 =

24
5 6

210 =

30

210 = 2 .

24

2:

ii) 2 :
5

2 2 2 =

2 2 21/3 =

2 24/3 =

= 2 22/3 = 25/3 = 25/3

8. i)

ii)
iii)

3 +1
3

3 3 = 34 33 = 34
8

2
3

8 +5
6

5 5

16 + 15
18

12

31

13

= 218 = 2 218 = 2

3 +1 + 4
3 6

5 = 52 53 56 = 52
5

= 21/3 = 2 .

13

= 218

1/2

2 24/3

= 312 = 3 312 = 3 3 .

= 312

2 = 29 26 = 29

9 +2 + 4
6 6

= 56

18

15

13

2 .
5

= 5 6 = 52 =

5 = 5 5 = 25 5.

9. i)

9 +4
12

1/5

25 12 = 25 4 3 = 25 2 3 = 10.
75
25 3
5 3

ii) 216 216 = 23 33

216 75
50

23 33 25 3
2 25
3

2 3 =
2

5 23 34
5 2
4

2 3 = 2 3 = 18.

10. A :
i)

45+ 3
45+ 3
45+ 3
4 =
=
=
= 10 + 2 3 .
25

3
22
11
5 3 5 3 5+ 3

ii)

8
8
=
7 5

7+ 5
=4
75

iii)

7+ 6 =
7 6

7+ 6
7+ 6
=
76

7+ 5 .

7+ 6

= 7 + 6 + 2 42 = 13 + 2 42.

25

2.4.

11. i) 162 98
162 = 2 34 98 = 2 72
162 + 98 = 2 3 + 2 7 = 9 2 + 7 2 = 16 2 = 16.
50 32
2 25 2 16 5 2 4 2
2
4

ii) 912 + 320 = 912 + (32)10 = 912 + 910 = 910 (92 + 1) = 82 910.
911 + 276 = 911 + (3 9)6 = 911 + 36 96 = 911 + (32)3 96
= 911 + 99 = 99(92 + 1) = 82 99

912 + 320 =
911 + 276

82 910 = 9 = 3.
82 99

3 3 2 2 = 3 3 2 2
3 2
3 2

1. i)

ii)

3+ 2
3+ 2

= 9 + 3 6 2 6 4 = 5 + 6.
32

+
+

2
2
= +

= ( ) ( + ) + ( ) = + +

2. i) :
2

3 + 2 7 = 9 + 4 7 + 12 7 = 37 + 12 7
2

3 2 7 = 9 + 4 7 12 7 = 37 12 7.
ii) (i)
37 + 12 7 37 12 7
=

3+2 7

32 7

= 3 + 2 7 3 2 7 = 3 + 2 7 2 7 3 = 6.
3. i)
2 +
3

3
3

2 +
3
=2 +3 +2=
3 2
.
=

3
2

2
3
4 + 9 + 12 = 25
6 6
6
6
+2

3
2

26

2:

ii)
2
+ 1 =

2
2
+ 1 +2 1

+1
= + 1 + 2 = + 1 + 2 =

4. i)
3 5+ 3
5 5 3
3
5
+
=
+
53
53
5 3
5+ 3
= 3

5 +3+5
2

3 = 8 = 4.
2

ii)
2 3 2 = 4 4 3 + 3 = 7 4 3
2 + 3 2 = 4 + 4 3 + 3 = 7 + 4 3

1
1
1
1

2
2
74 3 7+4 3
2 3
2+ 3
= 7 + 4 3 7 4 3 = 7 + 4 3 7 + 4 3 = 8 3.
49 48
49 48
5. i)
2 = 2 + 2 = + , = + .
ii) < +
+ < + .
iii)
+ +

+++2

0 2 , .

= = 0 = 0.

KE 3

3.1. 1

1. i) 4x 3(2x 1) = 7x 42 4x 6x + 3 = 7x 42
4x 6x 7x = 42 3 9x = 45 x = 5.
, , x = 5.
ii)

1 4x x + 1 = x 4 + 5
5
4
20
4
20 1 4x 20 x + 1 = 20 x 4 + 20 5
5
4
20
4
4(1 4x) 5(x + 1) = x 4 + 25 4 16x 5x 5 = x + 21
21x x = 21 + 1 22x = 22 x= 1.
, , x = 1.

iii)

iv)

x x = x x 49 60 x 60 x = 60 x 60 x 60 49
2 3 4 5 60
2
3
4
5
60
30x 20x = 15x 12x 49 30x 20x 15x + 12x = 49
7x = 49 x = 7.
, , x = 7.
1,2(x + 1) 2,5 + 1,5x = 8,6 12(x + 1) 25 + 15x = 86
99 = 11 .
12x + 12 25 + 15x = 86 27x = 99 x =
27 3
11
, , x = .
3

2. i) 2(3x 1) 3(2x 1) = 4 6x 2 6x + 3 = 4 0x = 3.
, .
5 x = 5 + 7x 3 2x 3 5 x = 3 5 + 3 7x
ii) 2x
3
3 3
3
3
3
6x 5 + x = 5 + 7x 0x = 0.
, .

28

3:

3. i) 1 0 1,
x = 1 = 1.
1
= 1, 0x = 0 .
ii) 2 0 2,
x= .
2
= 2, 0x = 2 .
iii) ( 1)x = 1
( 1) 0 0 1,
x= 1 = 1 .
( 1)
= 0 0x = 1 .
= 1 0x = 0 .
iv) ( 1)x = 2 + ( 1)x = ( + 1).
( 1) 0 0 1,
x = ( + 1) = + 1 .
( 1) 1
= 0, 0x = 0 .
= 1, 0x = 2 .
4. = x, = 5 x,
1 = 3(5 x) 2 = x 5 .
2
2
i) 1 + 2 = 3
1 + 2 = ()
2
3(5 x) + 5x = (5 + 3)5 4 15 3x + 4 5x = 4 40
2
2
4
2
2
4
30 6x + 10x = 40 4x = 10 x = 5 = 2,5.
2
= 2,5,
.

29

3.1. 1

ii) 1 = 2
3(5 x) = 5x 15 3x = 5x 15 = 8x x = 15 .
2
2
8
= 15 .
8
5. x 5%,
(4000 x) 3%.
5 x
x

100
3 (4000 x)
(4000 x)
.
100

5 x + 3 (4000 x) = 175 5x + 3(4000 x) = 100 175
100
100
5x + 12.000 3x = 17.500 2x = 17.500 12.000
2x = 5.500 x = 2.750 .
2.750 5% 1.250 3%.
6. i) v = v0 + t t = v v0 t =
ii)

v v0
, 0.

1 = 1 + 1 1 1 = 1 1 = R2 R
R R1 R2
R R2 R 1
R1 R2 R
R2 R 0,
R1 =

7. i)

R2 R
R2 R

1 0.
R1

x2(x 4) + 2x(x 4) + (x 4) = 0
(x 4) (x2 + 2x + 1) = 0
2
(x 4) (x + 1) = 0 x 4 = 0 x + 1 = 0 x = 4 x = 1.
4 1.

ii)

(x 2)2 (2 x) (4 + x) = 0 (x 2)2 + (x 2) (x + 4) = 0
(x 2) [(x 2) + (x + 4)] = 0 (x 2) (2x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0 2x + 2 = 0 x = 2 x = 1.
2 1.

30

3:

8. i)

x(x2 1) x3 + x2 = 0
x3 x x3 + x2 = 0
x(x 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1.
0 1.

ii)

9. i)

(x + 1)2 + x2 1 = 0
x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 1 = 0
2x2 + 2x = 0 2x(x + 1) x = 1 x = 0.
1 0.

x(x 2)2 = x2 4x + 4
x(x 2)2 (x 2)2 = 0
(x 2)2(x 1) = 0
x 2 = 0 x 1 = 0 x = 2 x = 1.
2 1.

ii)

(x2 4)(x 1) = (x2 1)(x 2)

(x 2)(x + 2)(x 1) (x 1)(x + 1)(x 2) = 0
(x 1)(x 2)[(x + 2) (x + 1)] = 0
(x 1)(x 2) = 0 x = 1 x = 2
1 2.

10. i)

x3 2x2 x + 2 = 0
x2(x 2) (x 2) = 0
(x 2)(x2 1) = 0
(x 2)(x 1)(x + 1) = 0
x2=0 x1=0 x+1=0
x = 2 x = 1 x = 1.
2, 1 1.

ii)

x3 2x2 (2x 1)(x 2) = 0

x2(x 2) (2x 1)(x 2) = 0
(x 2)(x2 2x + 1) = 0
(x 2)(x 1)2 = 0
x2=0 x1=0
x = 2 x = 1.
1 2.

3.1. 1

31

x = 1 x =
1
x 1 x2 x
x 1 x(x 1)

11. i)

x 1 x 0.
:
x
2
2
1
=
x (x 1) = x 1 x = 1
x 1 x(x 1)
x = 1 ( x 1).
x = 1.
ii)

x+1 +
2
x+1
=0
+ 2 2 = 0.
2
2
(x 1) (x + 1) (x 1)
x 1 x 2x + 1
x 1 x 1.
:
(x + 1)
2
2
+
=0 1 +
=0
(x 1) (x + 1) (x 1) 2
x 1 (x 1) 2
x1+2=0x+1=0
x = 1,
.
.

12. i) x 1 x 1.
:
1 + 1 = 2
x 1 x + 1 x2 1
(x 1) (x + 1) 1 + (x 1) (x + 1) 1 = (x 1) (x + 1) 2 2
x1
x+1
x 1
x+1+x1=2
2x = 2 x = 1, , x 1.
.
ii) x 0 x 2.
:
3 2 = x4
x + 2 x x2 + 2x
x(x + 2)

3 x(x + 2) 2 = x(x + 2) x 4
x+2
x
x(x + 2)

3x 2x 4 = x 4 0x = 0.

32

3:

.
0 2.
iii) x 2 x 2.
:
1 = x 1 =
x
x + 2 x2 4
x + 2 (x + 2)(x 2)
x 2 = x 0x = 2, .
iv) x 1 x 1. :
x2 x

= x x(x 1)
= x
x
+
1
(x
+
1)(x

1)
x+1
x 1
2

x = x ,
x+1 x+1
x, x 1.

13. x 1, x, x + 1 . x
(x 1) + x + (x + 1) = (x 1) x(x + 1)
3x = x(x2 1)
x(3 x2 + 1) = 0
x(4 x2) = 0
x = 0 x2 = 4
x = 0 x = 2 x = 2.
, :
(1, 0, 1), (1, 2, 3) (3, 2, 1).
14. i) |2x 3| = 5 2x 3 = 5 2x 3 = 5
2x = 8 2x = 2 x = 4 x = 1.
4 1.
ii) |2x 4| = |x 1| 2x 4 = x 1 2x 4 = x + 1
5
x = 3 3x = 5 x = 3 x = .
3
iii) |x 2| = 2x 1 , ,
. ,

3.1. 1

33

2x 1 0
(1)
M :
|x 2| = 2x 1 x 2 = 2x 1 x 2 = 1 2x
x = 1 x = 1.
x = 1
(1).
iv) , |2x 1| = x 2,
x20
(2)
M :
|2x 1| = x 2 2x 1 = x 2 2x 1 = 2 x
x = 1 x = 1.
, (2). , .
15. i) :
|x| + 4 |x| + 4 = 2 15 |x| + 4 15 |x| + 4 = 15 2
3
5
3
3
5
3
5|x| + 20 3|x| 12 = 10
2|x| = 2 |x| = 1 x = 1.
1 1.
ii)

2|x| + 1 |x| 1 = 1
3
2
2
6 2|x| + 1 6 |x| 1 = 6 1
3
2
2
4|x| + 2 3|x| + 3 = 3 |x| = 2, .

16. i) H 3 x = 4 x 3.
3+x
:
3 x = 4 |3 x| = 4 |3 + x|
3+x
3 x = 4(x + 3) 3 x = 4(x + 3)
3 x = 4x + 12 3 x = 4x 12
9
5x = 9 3x = 15 x =
x = 5.
5
9
5 .
5

34

3:

ii)

|x 1| |x 2| = |x 1| |x 1| (|x 2| 1) = 0
|x 1| = 0 |x 2| = 1
x = 1 x 2 = 1 x 2 = 1
x = 1 x = 3 x = 1.
1 3.

1. i)

(x + ) (x ) = 2( + )
x2 + 2x + 2 (x2 2x + 2) = 22 + 2
x2 + 2x + 2 x2 + 2x 2 = 22 + 2
2
2
2( + )x = + 2 +
2
2( + )x = ( + ) .

+ 0 x =

( + )2 +
=
.
2( + )
2

+ = 0 0x = 0 .
ii) 0 0 :
x =x
(x ) = (x ) x 2 = x 2

x x = 2 2 ( )x = ( )( + ).
0,
x = ( )( + ) = + .

= 0 = , 0x = 0, .
2. i) 0 0 :
x x
= 1 x x = 1 ( )x = .

.
0 , x =

= 0 = 0x = 2
0.
0, 0 .

3.1. 1

35

3. i) 200 ml 30 ml . x ml
(200 + x) ml (30 + x) ml

30 + x = 32 100(30 + x) = 32(200 + x)
200 + x 100
3000 + 100x = 6400 + 32x 68x = 3400
x = 3400 x = 50.
68
50 ml .
4. x 1 km. x 100x
120x.
1
1
120x 100x = 1 20x = 1 x = , x = 60 = 3 .
20
20
1km .
5. x x . :
x + = x2 x + =
x2
x x2 2
x (x + )(x )
(x + )2 = x2 x + = x x + = x
0x = 2x = .
= 0, x 0.

0, x =
.
2
6. x 2. :
x3 8 = x2 + 4 x3 8 = x3 2x2 + 4x 8
x2
2x2 4x = 0 2x(x 2) = 0
x = 0 x = 2.
x = 0
, x = 0.

36

3:

7. |2|x| 1| = 3 2|x| 1 = 3 2|x| 1 = 3

2|x| = 4 2|x| = 2.

2|x| = 4 |x| = 2 x = 2 x = 2.
2 2.
8.

x2 2x + 1 = |3x 5|

x 1 2 = |3x 5|

|x 1| = |3x 5|
x 1 = 3x 5 x 1 = 3x + 5
2x = 4 4x = 6 x = 2 x =

3.
2

3.2. x =

1. i) x3 125 = 0 x3 = 53 x = 5.
ii) x5 243 = x5 = 35 x = 3.
iii) x7 1 = 0 x7 = 1 x = 1.
2. i) x3 + 125 = 0 x3 = (5)3 x = 5.
ii) x5 + 243 = 0 x5 = (3)5 x = 3.
iii) x7 + 1 = 0 x7 = (1)7 x = 1.
3. i) x2 64 = 0 x2 = 82 x = 8 x = 8.
ii) x4 81 = 0 x =

81

x = 81 x = 3 x = 3.

iii) x6 64 = 0 x6 = 64 x =

64

x = 64 x = 2 x = 2.

4. i) x5 8x2 = 0 x2(x3 8) = 0 x2 = 0 x3 = 8 x = 0 x = 2.
0 2.
ii) x4 + x = 0 x(x3 + 1) = 0 x = 0 x3 = 1 x = 0 x = 1.
0 1.

3.3. 2

37

iii) x5 + 16x = 0 x(x4 + 16) = 0 x = 0 x4 = 16 x = 0

x4 = 16 .
, x = 0.
5. x
x x 3x = 81, x > 0 3x3 = 81 x3 = 27 x = 3.
, 3m, 3m 9m.
6. i) (x + 1)3 = 64 x + 1 = 4 x = 3.
1
ii) 1 + 125x3 = 0 (5x)3 = 1 5x = 1 x = .
5
iii)

(x 1)4 27(x 1) = 0 (x 1)[(x 1)3 27] = 0

x 1 = 0 (x 1)3 = 27
x=1 x1=3
x = 1 x = 4.

3.3. 2

1. i) = (5)2 4 2 3 = 1,
x1 = 5 + 1 = 6 = 3 x2 = 5 1 = 4 = 1
22 4 2
22 4
ii) = (6)2 4 9 = 36 36 = 0,
x = 6 = 3.
2
iii) = 42 4 3 2 = 16 24 = 8 < 0, .
2. i) x2 1,69 = 0 x2 = 1,69 x = 1,3 x = 1,3
ii) 0,5x2 x = 0 x(0,5x 1) = 0 x = 0 0,5x = 1 x = 0 x = 2.
iii) 3x2 + 27 = 0 3(x2 + 9) = 0 x2 = 9, .
3. i) = 4 + 4( 2) = 4 + 42 8 = 4(2 2 + 1) = 4( 1)2 0
* .

38

3:

ii) = (+ )2 4 = 2 + 2 + 2 4 = ( )2 0
, 0, .
4.
= 4 42 = 0 2 = 1 = 1 = 1,
1
1.
2

5. = 4( + ) 4 2( + ) = 4 + 4 + 8 8 8
= 42 42 + 8 = 4(2 + 2 2)

= 4( )2 < 0 .
= 0, = 0 .
= = 0, 2 = 0 .
6. i) S = 2 + 3 = 5 = 2 3 = 6, x2 5x + 6 = 0.
ii) S = 1 + 1 = 3 = 1 1 = 1 , :
2 2
2 2
x2 3 x + 1 = 0 2x2 3x + 1 = 0.
2
2
iii) S = 5 2 6 + 5 + 2 6 = 10
P = 5 2 6 5 + 2 6 = 25 4 6 = 1 :
x2 10x + 1 = 0.
7. i) S = 2 = 15. x2 2x 15 = 0, = 4 4(15) = 64.

x1 = 2 + 8 = 5 x2 = 2 8 = 3.
2
2
ii) S = 9 = 10. x2 9x + 10 = 0, = 81 4 10 = 41.

x1 = 9 + 41 x2 = 9 41 .
2
2

39

3.3. 2

8. 1 :
i)
5 + 3 15 = 5 3.
5 + 3
.
2 :
2

5 + 3 4 15 =

5 +

3 +2 5 3 4 5 3 =

5 +

3 2 5 3 =

5 3 > 0.

,
x1 =
x2 =

5+ 3+

5 3

2
5+ 3

5 3
2

= 5 + 3 + 5 3 = 5
2
= 5 + 3 5 + 3 = 3.
2

ii) = 2 1 + 4 2 =
,
x1 = 1 2 + 2 + 1 = 1
2

2 + 1 > 0.

x2 = 1 2 2 1 = 2.
2

9. 1 :
x2 + 2 = 2 2x x2 + 2x + 2 2 = 0 (x + )2 2 = 0
(x + + )(x + ) = 0 x = x = .
2 :
x2 + 2x + 2 2 = 0.
= 42 4(2 2) = 42,
x1 = 2 2 = ( + ) x2 = 2 + 2 = .
2
2
10. x y .
2x + 2y = 68 x + y = 34 y = 34 x (1)
x

x2 + y2 = 262, (1)
x2 + (34 x)2 = 262 x2 + 342 68x + x2 = 262
2x2 68x + 342 262 = 0

26m
y

40

3:

2x2 68x + (34 26)(34 + 26) = 0

2x2 68x + 8 60 = 0 x2 34x + 4 60 = 0.
= 342 4 4 60 = 196.
x1 = 34 + 14 = 24 x2 = 34 14 = 10.
2
2
(1) .
11. i) |x|2 7|x| + 12 = 0. |x| = 2 7 + 12 = 0 1 = 3 2 = 4 , |x| = 3 |x| = 4,
x = 3 x = 3 x = 4 x = 4.
3, 3, 4 4.
ii) |x| = ,
x2 + 2|x| 35 = 0 2 + 2 35 = 0.
= 144.
5 7. ,
= |x| 0. |x| = 5, x = 5 x = 5.
iii) |x| = , x2 8|x| + 12 = 0 2 8 + 12 = 0,
x2 = |x|2. 6 2,
. |x| = 6 |x| = 2
x = 6 x = 6 x = 2 x = 2.
12. |x 1| = ,
(x 1)2 + 4|x 1| 5 = 0 2 + 4 5 = 0, (x 1)2 = |x 1|2.
5 1.
= 1 = |x 1| 0. ,
|x 1| = 1 x 1 = 1 x 1 = 1 x = 2 x = 0.
, , 0 2.
1

13. x 0. x +
x = 2 5 + 6 = 0. 2 3,

x + 1 = 2 x + 1 = 3.
x
x

x + 1 = 2 x2 + 1 = 2x x 1 2 = 0
x
1 .

41

3.3. 2

2
2
x + 1 = 3 x + 1 = 3x x 3x + 1 = 0
x

3 5 3 + 5 .
2
2

1, 3 5 3 + 5 .
2
2
14. i) x 1 x 0.
:
x + x + 1 = 13
x+1
x
6
x
6x(x + 1)
+ 6x(x + 1) x + 1 = 6x(x + 1) 13
x+1
x
6
6x2 + 6(x + 1)2 = 13x(x + 1)
6x2 + 6x2 + 12x + 6 = 13x2 + 13x
x2 + x 6 = 0
2 3.
ii) x 0 x 2.
:
2
2 2x 3
+
+ 2 x =0
x x 2 x(x 2)
2
x(x 2) 2 + x(x 2) 2x 3 + x(x 2) 2 x = 0
x
x2
x(x 2)

2x 4 + 2x2 3x + 2 x2 = 0
x2 x 2 = 0.
2 1,
x = 1.
15. i) x2 = y y2 + 6y 40 = 0.
y1 = 4 y2 = 10. y = x2 0, y1 = 4,
x2 = 4 x = 2 x = 2.
2 2.

42

3:

ii) x2 = y 4y2 + 11y 3 = 0. 1 . y = x2 0 y =

y1 = 3 y2 =
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
, x = x = x = .
4
4
2
2
1
1.

2
2
iii) x2 = y 2y2 + 7y + 3 = 0. 1 . y = x2 0 y1 = 3 y2 =
2
. .
: ,
2x4 + 7x2 + 3 > 0 x .

1. i) = (23)2 42(4 1) = 46 46 + 42 = 42.
ii)
3

x1 = 2 +2 2 = 2( 2+ 1) = + 1

2
2
3
2
2
x2 = 2 22 = 2( 2 1) = 1 .

2
2

2. i)
2
= 5 2 4 6 3 2 = 25 10 2 +
=

2 +2 2 +1=

2 24 + 12 2 =

2 +1 .

ii)
x1 =

5 2 +

2 +1
2

= 5 2 + 2 + 1 = 3
2

x2 = 5 2 2 1 = 4 2 2 = 2 2 .
2
2
3. i) = 0.
= ( 9)2 4 2(2 + 3 + 4) = 2 18 + 81 82 24 32
= 72 42 + 49,

43

3.3. 2

= 0 72 + 42 49 = 0 2 + 6 7 = 0 = 7 = 1.
= 7 = 1 .
4. , 2 + + = 0.
0, 0,
1
1
1 2 + 1 + = 0.
2 + + = 0 + + 2 = 0

1 x2 + x + = 0.

5. i) 1 :
x 0.
x+ 1 =+ 1 x+ 1 1 =0

x
x
x + x = 0 (x ) 1 + 1 = 0
x
x
(x ) x + 1 = 0
x
1.
x = 0 x + 1 = 0 x = x =

2 :
x 0.
2
1 2
x+ 1 =+ 1 x1 + 1 =0 x 1+
x=0

x
x

x2 + (1 2)x = 0 x2 (2 1)x = 0.
= (2 1)2 4() = 4 22 + 1 + 42 = 4 + 22 + 1 = (2 + 1)2

2
2
2
2
x1 = 1 + + 1 = x2 = 1 1 = 1 .
2
2

ii) 1 :
x 0
x
1 1
+ = + x = 1 (x ) =

x
x
x

1 (x ) =

x
1
(x ) = 0
x
x

44

3:

x = = 1 x = x = 2
x
2

x = x = .

2 .

2 :
x 0.
x + = + x x + x = x + x
x

x2 + 2 = 2x + 2x x2 2x + 2 2x = 0
2
2
x(x ) + ( x) = 0 (x ) (x ) = 0
2
.
x = x = 2 x = x =

3 :
x 0.
x + = + x x + x = x + x
x

x2 + 2 = 2x + 2x x2 (2 + 2)x + 2 = 0.

= (2 + 2)2 422 = 4 + 4 + 222 422

= 4 + 4 222 = (2 2)2

2

x1 = + + = 2 =
2
2

2
2
2
2
2
x2 = + + = 2 = .
2
2

= = ,
2
2
2
2
2
x = + = 2 = =
= .
2
2

6. i)
= 42 4 (8) = 42 + 32 > 0 . .

45

3.3. 2
2

ii) x1, x2 x2 = x1 . Vieta

2
x1 + x2 = 2 x1 + x1 = 2
3
x1 x2 = 8 x1 = 8 x1 = 2, x2 = (2)2 = 4.

2 + 4 = 2 2 = 2 = 1.
7. x 1, x, x + 1 .
(x + 1)2 = x2 + (x 1)2 x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 + x2 2x + 1
x2 4x = 0 x(x 4) = 0
x = 4, x 0 .
x = 4 .
. 3, 4 5.
8. 1



()
d.
1 = 3 d + 4 d d2 = 7d d2
2 . 1 = 2
1 .
3 4 d2 7d + 6 = 0 d = 1 d = 6.
1 = 2 7d d2 =
2
d 0 < d < 3, d = 1.
9. x , , x + 12 .
1

x
1
. 8
x + 12
1 =
8 ,
, 8
x
x
8 1 = 8
.
x + 12 x + 12

46

3:

1 .

8+ 8
= 1 8(x + 12) + 8x = x(x + 12)
x x + 12
8x + 96 + 8x = x2 + 12x x2 4x 96 = 0.
= 16 4(96) = 400,
x = 4 + 20 = 12 x = 4 20 = 8.
2
2
x = 12, x > 0. 12
, 24 .
10. 1

14 10 12 + = 0 = 9.
= 9
x4 10x2 + 9 = 0.
2
x = y
y2 10y + 9 = 0.
9 1
x2 = 9 x2 = 1 x = 3 x = 3 x = 1 x = 1.
3, 3, 1, 1.

KE 4

4.1. 1

1. i) x 1 + 2x + 3 < x 6(x 1) + 3(2x + 3) < 2x
2
4
6
6x 6 + 6x + 9 < 2x 6x + 6x 2x < 6 9
3
10x < 3 x < .
10
ii)

iii)

x 12 + x + 3 > x 2(x 12) + 2x + 3 > 4x

2
2
4
2x 24 + 2x + 3 > 4x
2x + 2x 4x > 24 3 0x > 21 .
x 2 1 2x
+
< x 2 5x 10 + 2 4x < x 4
2
5
10 5
5x 4x x < 10 2 4
0x < 4 x .

2. 3x 1 < x + 5 3x x < 1 + 5 2x < 6 x < 3.

x
1
2 x + 4 x 2x + 1 3x 3 x 1.
2
2

1 x < 3.
3. x 1 > x + 1 2x 1 > x + 2 2x x > 1 + 2 x > 3.
2 2
1 x
x 1 3x 1 x 3 3x x 1 3 2x 2 x 1.
3 3

x .

48

4:

x 1 > x 16x x + 1 > 8x 16x x 8x > 1

4. 2x
8
7x > 1 x > 1 .
7
x + 1 < 0 2x 8 + x + 1 < 0
x4+
2
2x + x < 8 1 3x < 7 x < 7 .
3

x
0, 1, 2.

1 7
( , ). x
7 3

5. i) |x| < 3 3 < x < 3. x (3, 3).

ii) |x 1| 4 4 x 1 4 1 4 x 1 + 4
3 x 5. x [3, 5].
iii) |2x + 1| < 5 5 < 2x + 1< 5 5 1 < 2x < 5 1
6 < 2x < 4 3 < x < 2. x (3, 2).
6. i) |x| 3 x 3 x 3. x (, 3] [3, +).
ii) |x 1| > 4 x 1 < 4 x 1 > 4 x < 3 x > 5.
x (, 3) (5, +).
iii) |2x + 1| 5 2x + 1 5 2x + 1 5 2x 6 2x 4
x 3 x 2. x (, 3] [2, +).
7. i) || = 0.
|2x 6| = 2x 6 2x 6 0 2x 6 x 3.
1.
ii) |3x 1| = 1 3x 3x 1 0 3x 1 x
3
8. i)

|x 1| 4 + 5 < |x 1| 3 |x 1| 4 + 10 < 2|x 1|

3
3
2
3|x 1| 12 + 10 < 2|x 1| |x 1| < 2
2 < x 1 < 2 1 < x< 3. x (1, 3).

4.1. 1

ii)

9.

49

|x| + 1 2|x| 1 |x|

>
3 |x| + 1 4|x| > 2(1 |x|)
2
3
3
3|x| + 3 4|x| > 2 2|x|
3|x| 4|x| + 2|x| > 2 3
|x| > 1 x .

x2 6x + 9 5 (x 3) 2 5 |x 3| 5
5 x 3 5 3 5 x 5 + 3 2 x 8.
x [2, 8].

+ 3 = 2.
10. ( 7, 3) 7

2
x (7, 3) 7 < x < 3 7 (2) < x (2) < 3 (2)
7 + 2 < x + 2 < 3 + 2
5 < x + 2 < 5 | x + 2| < 5.
9 C + 32 50 41 32
9 C 50 32
11. 41
5
5
9 C 18 5 C 10.
9
5

1. i) 3 4x 1 6 3 4x 1 4x 1 6.
x 3 4x 1 4x 1 6.
3 4x 1 4 4x 4x 4 x 1.
7.
4x 1 6 4x 7 x
4

7 ].
x [1,
4
ii) 4 2 3x 2 4 2 3x 2 3x 2.
4 2 3x 3x 6 x 2.
4.
2 3x 2 3x 4 x
3

4 , 2].
x [
3

50

4:

2. i) 2 |x| 4 2 |x| |x| 4.

2 |x| |x| 2 x 2 x 2.
|x| 4 4 x 4.

x [4, 2] [2, 4].

ii) 2 |x 5| 4 2 |x 5| |x 5| 4.
2 |x 5| |x 5| 2 x 5 2 x 5 2 x 3 x 7.
|x 5| 4 4 x 5 4 5 4 x 5 + 4 1 x 9.

x [1, 3] [7, 9].

3. i) :
x0 = 3 + 5 = 1
2
ii) xx , :
|x 5| |x + 3| d(x, 5) d(x, 3) .

. , x [1, +).
iii) :
|x 5| |x + 3| |x 5|2 |x + 3|2 x2 10x + 25 x2 + 6x + 9
16x 16 x 1.
4. i) :
x0 = 1 + 7 = 4
2
ii) xx x ,
|x 1| + |x 7| = 6 d(x, 1) + d(x, 7) = 6 + = AB.

51

4.2. 2

. , x [1, 7].
iii) x 1 x 7.

:
x (, 1), :
|x 1| + |x 7| = 6 (1 x) + (7 x) = 6 x = 1,
1 (, 1).
x [1, 7), :
|x 1| + |x 7| = 6 (x 1) + (7 x) = 6 0x = 0,
x [1, 7).
x [7, +), :
|x 1| + |x 7| = 6 (x 1) + (x 7) = 6 x = 7, 7 [7, +). , x [1, 7].

4.2. 2

1. i) x2 3x + 2
x2 3x + 2 = 0.
31
: x2 3x + 2 = 0 x =
x = 1 x = 2.
2
x2 3x + 2 = (x 1)(x 2).
ii) : 2x2 3x 2 = 0 x =

35
1 x = 2.
x =
2
4

1 ) (x 2) = (2x + 1)(x 2).

2x2 3x 2 = 2 (x +
2

2. i) :

x2 3x + 2 = (x 1) (x 2) = x 1 ,
1
x 2, x
2
2x2 3x 2 (2x + 1) (x 2) 2x + 1

52

4:

ii) : 2x2 + 8x 42 = 0 x2 + 4x 21 = 0
= 42 4 (21) = 100,
3

4 10
2

x1, 2 =

2x + 8x 42 = 2(x + 7)(x 3).

:

2x2 + 8x 42 = 2(x + 7) (x 3) = 2(x 3) ,

x 7.
(x + 7) (x 7)
x7
x2 49

iii) 4x2 12x + 9 = 0,

12 = 3 ().
= 122 4 4 9 = 144 144 = 0, x1,2 =
8 2
3 2
4x2 12x + 9 = 4(x
) = (2x 3)2.
2

2x 5x + 3 = 0, = 25 24 = 1, x1, 2 =

51
4

3
2x2 5x + 3 = 2(x
)(x 1) = (2x 3)(x 1).

4x2 12x + 9 =
(2x 3) 2
3
= 2x 3 , x 1, x

2
2x2 5x + 3 (2x 3) (x 1) x 1
28
2

3. i) x2 2x 15 = 0, = 64, x1, 2 =

ii) 4x2 4x + 1 = (2x 1)2

iii) x2 4x + 13 = 0, = 16 4 13 = 16 52 < 0, = 1 > 0.

4. i) x2 + 4x 3 = 1
3
42
x2 + 4x 3 = 0 x2 4x + 3 = 0 x1, 2 =
1
2

4.2. 2

53

ii) 9x2 + 6x 1 = (9x2 6x + 1) = (3x 1)2.

iii) x2 + 2x 2 = 22 4(1)(2) = 4 8 = 4 < 0

= 1 < 0.

5. i) : 5x2 20x 5x2 20x 0 5x(x 4) 0.

5x2 20x = 5 > 0 x1 = 0, x2 = 4.

x [0, 4].
ii) : x2 + 3x 4 x2 + 3x 4 0.
x2 + 3x 4 = 1 > 0 x1 = 1, x2 = 4.

x [4, 1].
6. i) x2 x 2 = 1 > 0 x1 = 2, x2 = 1.

x (, 1) (2, +).
5
ii) 2x2 3x 5 = 2 > 0 x1 =
, x = 1.
2 2

54

4:

x (1,
).
2
7. i) : x2 + 4 > 4x x2 4x + 4 > 0 (x 2)2 > 0
x x 2.
ii) : x2 + 9 6x x2 6x + 9 0 (x 3)2 0 x = 3.
8. i) x2 + 3x + 5 = 1 > 0 = 11 < 0. x x2 + 3x + 5 0 .
ii) 2x2 3x + 20 = 2 > 0 = 151 < 0. 2x2 3x + 20 > 0 x .
1
9. (x2 4x + 3) > 0 x2 4x + 3 < 0.
4
x2 4x + 3 = 1 > 0 x1 = 1, x2 = 3.

x (1, 3).
10. 2x 1 < x2 4 < 12 2x 1 < x2 4 x2 4 < 12.
: 2x 1 < x2 4 x2 2x 3 > 0.
x2 2x 3 = 1 > 0 x1 = 3, x2 = 1.

x2 2x 3 > 0 x (, 1) (3 +).
: x2 4 < 12 x2 16 < 0.
x2 16 = 1 > 0 x1 = 4, x2 = 4.

x2 16 < 0 x (4, 4).

55

4.2. 2

x (4, 1) (3, 4).

11. x2 6x + 5 < 0 x (1, 5)
x2 5x + 6 > 0 x (, 2) (3, +).

x (1, 2) (3, 5).

1. i) 2 + 22 = 2 + 22 .

3
= 2 4 1(22) = 92 0 1, 2 =
2
2
2
2
+ 2 = ( + 2)( ).
2 62 = 2 62 .
3
5
= 2 4 1(62) = 252 3, 4 =
2
2

2 62 = ( + 2)( 3).
ii)

2 + 22 = ( + 2)( ) = ,
3, 2.
2 2 ( + 2)( 3) 3

2. 2x2 + (2 )x = 0.
= (2 )2 4 2() = 42 4 + 2 + 8
= 42 + 4 + 2 = (2 + )2 0.
(2 ) (2 + )
x1, 2 =
4

)(x + ) = (2x )(x + ).

2x2 + (2 )x = 2(x
2
3. x2 x + x = x(x ) + (x ) = (x )(x + ).
x2 3x + 22 x1 = x2 = 2
x2 3x + 22 = (x )(x 2).

56

4:
2

x x + x = (x )(x + ) = x + , x , x 2.
(x )(x 2) x 2
x2 3x + 22
4.
= 92 4 ( + 5) = 92 42 20 = 52 20.
, = 5 > 0
1 = 0 2 = 4.

i) , = 4, 0.
ii) 2 < 0 > 4.
iii) 0 < < 4.
5. x2 + 3x + = 1 > 0 = 92 4.
x2 + 3x + > 0 x , < 0.
4 ).
< 0 92 4 < 0 (9 4) < 0 (0,
9
6. i) = (2)2 4 3 ( + 2) = 42 122 24 = 82 24.
< 0 82 24 < 0 82 + 24 > 0 2 + 3 > 0
( + 3) > 0 < 3 > 0.
ii) ( + 2)x2 2x + 3 < 0, 2 x ,
< 0 + 2 < 0 < 3 > 0 < 2.

< 3.
7. x
,

3 x

x2 + (3 x)2 = 2x2 6x + 9.
, 5 :

4.3.

57

2x2 6x + 9 < 5 2x2 6x + 4 < 0 x2 3x + 2 < 0 1 < x < 2.

1 2,
.
8. i) 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 .
= ()2 4 1 2 = 32 0. 2 1 > 0.
2 + 2 0, , .

2 + 2 .
ii) = + 1 =

, , > 0.
, , < 0.

4.3.

1. :
2
2 3x 0 2 3x 3x 2 x .
3
x2 x 2 0 (x + 1)(x 2) 0 x 1 x 2.
x2 x + 1 0 x ( = 1 4 = 3 < 0).

2. :
x2 + 4 0 x2 4 0 (x + 2)(x 2) 0 2 x 2.
x2 3x + 2 0 (x 1)(x 2) 0 x 1 x 2.
x2 + x + 1 0 x ( = 3 < 0).

58

4:

3. P(x) = (x 1)(x2 + 2) (x2 9). :

x 1 0 x 1.
x2 + 2 > 0 x .
x2 9 0 (x + 3)(x 3) 0 x 3 x 3.

(x 1)(x2 + 2)(x2 9) > 0 x (3, 1) (3, +).

4. P(x) = (3 x)(2x2 + 6x) (x2 + 3). :
3 x 0 x 3.
2x2 + 6x 0 x2 + 3x 0 x(x + 3) 0 x 3 x 0.
x2 + 3 > 0 x .

(3 x)(2x2 + 6x)(x2 + 3) 0 x [3, 0] [3, +).

4.3.

59

5. P(x) = (2 x x2) (x2 + 2x + 1). :

2 x x2 0 x2 + x 2 0 (x + 2)(x 1) 0 2 x 1.
x2 + 2x + 1 0 (x + 1)2 0,
(x + 1)2 > 0, x 1 (x + 1)2 = 0 x = 1.

(2 x x2)(x2 + 2x + 1) 0 x (, 2] {1} [1, +).

6. P(x) = (x 3)(2x2 + x 3)(x 1 2x2) > 0. :
x 3 0 x 3.
3 )(x 1) 0 x
3 x 1.
2x2 + x 3 0 2(x +
2
2
x 1 2x2 0 2x2 + x 1 0, , = 7 < 0,
= 2 < 0.

3 ) (1, 3).
(x 3)(2x2 + x 3)(x 1 2x2) > 0 x (,
2
7. i)

x2 >0
(x + 1)(x 2) > 0 x < 1 x > 2.
x+1

ii) 2x + 1 0 (2x + 1)(x 3) 0, x 3

x3
1 x < 3.

2
2
8. x x 2 0 (x2 x 2)(x2 + x 2) 0, x2 + x 2 0.
x2 + x 2

P(x) = (x2 x 2)(x2 + x 2). :

x2 x 2 0 (x + 1)(x 2) 0 x 1 x 2.

60

4:

x2 + x 2 0 (x + 2)(x 1) 0 x 2 x 1.

x2 x 2
0 x (2, 1] (1, 2].
x2 + x 2

1. i)

ii)

2x + 3 > 4 2x + 3 4 > 0 2x + 3 4x + 4 > 0 2x + 7 > 0

x1
x1
x1
x1
2x

< 0 (2x 7)(x 1) < 0 1 < x < 7 .

x1
2
x 2 4 x 2 4 0 x 2 12x 20 0 11x 22 0
3x + 5
3x + 5
3x + 5
3x + 5
11x + 22 0 11(x + 2)(3x + 5) 0, x 5
3x + 5
3
5
x 2 x > .
3
5
x (, 2] ( , +).
3

2.

x2 3x 10 + 2 0 x2 3x 10 + 2x 2 0 x2 x 12 0
x1
x1
x1
(x2 x 12)(x 1) 0, x 1.
P(x) = (x2 x 12)(x 1). :
x2 x 12 0 (x + 3)(x 4) 0 x 3 x 4.
x 1 0 x 1.

x (, 3] (1, 4].

4.3.

61

x
2 x 2 0 x(x 1) 2(3x 5) 0
3x 5 x 1
(3x 5)(x 1)
3x 5 x 1

3. i)

2
x 6x + 10 0 x2 7x + 10 0
x
(3x 5)(x 1)
(3x 5)(x 1)

5.
(3x 5)(x 1)(x2 7x + 10) 0, x 1, x
3
P(x) = (3x 5)(x 1)(x2 7x + 10). :
5.
3x 5 0 x
3
x 1 0 x 1.
x2 7x + 10 0 (x 2)(x 5) 0 x 2 x 5.

x
2 (3x 5)(x 1)(x2 7x + 10) 0,
3x 5 x 1
5 x (1,
5 ) [2, 5].
x 1, x
3
3

ii)

2
x
+ 2x 6x + 3 0
3 x
3 0 x
2x 1 x + 2
(2x 1)(x + 2)
2x 1 x + 2

x2 4x + 3 0
(2x 1)(x + 2)

1.
(x2 4x + 3)(2x 1)(x + 2) 0, x 2, x
2
P(x) = (x2 4x + 3)(2x 1)(x + 2).

1 , 1] [3, +).
x (, 2) (
2

62

4:

4. :

x + 1 > 2 x + 1 < 2 x + 1 > 2, x 0.

x
x
x

x + 1 < 2 x + 1 + 2 < 0 3x + 1 < 0

x
x
x
1
(3x + 1)x < 0 < x < 0.
3
x+1 >2 x+1
2 > 0 x + 1 > 0 x 1 < 0
x
x
x
x
x(x 1) < 0 0 < x < 1.
1 , 0) (0, 1).
x (
3

5.
:
> 5x x2 > 7 x 5x x2 7 + x > 0
x2 + 6x 7 > 0 x2 6x + 7 < 0.
x1 = 3 2 x2 = 3 + 2 .
x2 6x + 7 < 0 3 2 < x < 3 + 2 .
, , 1,59 < x < 4,41.
6. :

20t > 4 20t 4 > 0 20t 4t 2 16 > 0

t2 + 4
t2 + 4
t2 + 4
2
2
4t +2 20t 16 > 0 4t 220t + 16 < 0
t +4
t +4

4(t2 5t + 4)(t2 + 4) < 0 1 < t < 4.

KE 5

5.1.

1. i) 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
iii) 2, 6, 12, 20, 30

ii) 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
iv) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

v) 1, 0,1, 0,01, 0,001, 0,0001

vi)

vii) 4, 3, 2, 1, 0

viii)

ix) 2, 1,

8,
32
1,
9
25

x)

3 , 3 , 9 , 15 , 33
2 4 8 16 32
2 , 1, 2 , 0, 2
2
2
2
1, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
2 3
4 5

xi) 1, 1, 1, 1, 1.
2. i)

2,

1,
1,
2,
2
2
2

ii)

0, 1, 2, 5, 26

iii) 3, 4, 6, 10, 18.

3. i) 1 = 6 + 1 = ( + 1) + 5 5 = 1,

1 = 6
+ 1 = 1 + .

ii) 1 = 2

+ 1

=2

+1

=2,

1 = 2
+ 1 = 2.

iii) 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 + 1 1 = 2 . 2 1 = 2 . (1 + ) 1,
1 = 1

+ 1 = 2 + 1.

64

5:

iv) 1 = 8 + 1 = 5( + 1) + 3 5 3 = 5,
1 = 8

+ 1 = 5 +

4. i) 1 = 1
2 = 1 + 2
3 = 2 + 2
.................
= 1 + 2
ii)

:
= 1 + ( 1)2

1 = 3
2 = 51
3 = 52
.................
= 5 1.

= 2 1.

:
= 3 . 5 1

5.2.

1. i) = 7 + ( 1) . 3
= 3 + 4
1
iv) = 2 + ( 1) .
2

ii) = 11 + ( 1)2
= 2 + 9

iii) = 5 + ( 1)(3)
= 3 + 8

v) = 6 + ( 1)(3)

=1 +3
2
2

= 3 3.

2. i) 15 = 2 + (15 1) . 5 ii) 20 = 11 + (20 1) . 7 iii) 30 = 4 + (30 1) . 11

= 68
= 144
= 323
iv) 35 = 17 + (35 1) . 8 v) 50 = 1 + (50 1) .
= 289

101
3

2
1
3
vi) 47 = + (47 1) .
3
2
4
= 35.

3. i) 6 = 1 + 5, 1 + 5 = 12 10 = 1 + 9,
1 + 9 = 16.
1 + 5 = 12

1 + 9 = 16

= 1 1 = 7.

65

5.2.

ii) O

1 + 4 = 14

1 + 11 = 42

= 4 1 = 2.
1 + 2 = 20
iii) O
1 + 6 = 32

= 3 1 = 14.

4. i)

1 + 4 = 5

1 + 14 = 2

3
=
= 0,3 1 = 6,2
10
50 = 1 + 49 = 6,2 + 49 . 0,3 = 8,5.
1 + 6 = 55
ii) O
1 + 21 = 145
= 6 1 = 19
18 = 1 + 17 = 19 + 17 . 6 = 121.

5. i) = 1 + ( 1),
97 = 2 + ( 1)5 2 + ( 1)5 = 97
5 = 100 = 20.
20, 20.
ii) I = 1 + ( 1),
97 = 80 + ( 1)(3) 80 + ( 1)(3) = 97
3 = 180 = 60
60.
10 40 = 30 = 15
2
2
(5x + 1) + 11
ii)
= 3x 2 5x + 12 = 6x 4 x = 16 x = 16.
2

6. i)

7. x y :
x y = 10
x y = 10

x + y = 25
x + y = 50
2
A x = 30 y = 20.

66

5:

8. i) 1 = 7, = 9 7 = 2 = 40,
S = 40 . [2 . 7 + (40 1) . 2] = 20 . 92 = 1840
2
ii) 1 = 0, = 2 = 40,
S = 40 . [2 . 0 + (40 1) . 2] = 20 . 78 = 1560
2
iii) 1 = 6, = 4 = 40,
S = 40 . [2 . 6 + (40 1) . 4] = 20 . 168 = 3360
2
iv) 1 = 7, = 5 = 40,
S = 40 . [2 . (7) + (40 1) . 5] = 20 . 181 = 3620.
2
9. i) 1 = 2, = 3 = 80,
S = 80 . [2 . 2 + (80 1)(3)] = 40 . (233) = 9320
2
2
ii) 1 = 1 , = = 80,
3
3
1
2
S = 80 . [2 .
+ (80 1) . ] = 40 . 52 = 2080.
3
2
3
10.
.
i) 1 = 1, = 197 = 4.
= 1 + ( 1) 197 = 1 + ( 1) . 4 = 50.

S = (1 + ) = 50 (1 + 197) = 4950.
2
2
ii) 1 = 9, = 3, = 90. = 1 + ( 1)
90 = 9 + ( 1) . 3 = 28.

S28 = 28 (9 + 90) = 14 . 99 = 1386.

2
iii) 1 = 7, = 3, = 109. = 1 + ( 1)
109 = 7 + ( 1)(3) = 35.

S35 = 35 (7 109) = 35 . (116) = 2030.

2
2

5.2.

67

11. i) 1 = 4, = 4 S = 180.

S = [21 + ( 1)],
2

[2 . 4 + ( 1) . 4] 180 = (4 + 4)
2
2
42 + 4 = 360
2 + 90 = 0
9
1 19
=
=
10
2
*, = 9. 9
.
ii) 1 = 5, = 5 S = 180.
= 8.
180 =

12. 1 = 53, = 2 = 15.

15 = 53 + (15 1)(2) = 53 28 = 25
15
15 .
S15 =
(25 + 53) =
78 = 585.
2
2

1. + 1 = 12 4( + 1) 12 + 4
= 12 4 4 12 + 4 = 4.
+ 1 = 4
4 1 = 12 4 . 1 = 8.
2. i) 1, 3, 5, 7 ... 1 = 1 = 2.
200 = 1 + (200 1) . 2 = 399,
200 .
S200
(1 + 399) = 100 . 400 = 40000.
2
ii) 2, 4, 6, 8 ...
1 = 2 = 2.
300 = 2 + (300 1)2 = 600,
300 .
S300
(2 + 600) = 150 . 602 = 90300.
2
iii) 17 + 19 + ... + 379
, , 1 = 17, = 2 = 379.

68

5:

= 1 + ( 1), 379 = 17 + ( 1)2 = 182.

S182

182
(17 + 379) = 91 . 396 = 36036.
2

3. i) 5 + 10 + 15 + ... + 195 1 = 5, = 5
= 195.
= 1 + ( 1) 195 = 5 + ( 1) . 5 = 39.

39
(5 + 195) = 39 . 100 = 39000.
2
ii) 12 + 15 + ... + 198
1 = 12, = 3
= 198.
= 1 + ( 1) 198 = 12 + ( 1) . 3 = 63.

S39 =

S63 =

63
63 .
(12 + 198) =
210 = 63 . 105 = 6615.
2
2

4. i) + 1 = 5( + 1) 4 5 + 4 = 5 + 1 = + 5.
1 = 5 . 1 4 = 1, = 5
30 = 5 . 30 4 = 146,
30
(1 + 146) = 15 . 147 = 2205.
2
ii) + 1 = 5( + 1) 3 + 5 + 3 + 1 = 5.
1 = 5 . 1 3 = 8,
= 5 40 = 5 . 40 3 = 203,
S30 =

S40 =

40
(8 203) = 20 . (201) = 4220.
2

5. 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 200
4 + 8 + 12 + ... + 200 4
9 + 18 + 27 + ... + 198 9.
4 9
36 , , .
36 .
S = (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 200)(4 + 8 + 12 + ... + 200) (9 + 18 + 27 + ... + 198 +
+ (36 + 72 + ... + 180).

69

5.2.

:
200
(1 + 200) = 100 . 201 = 20100
2
50
4 + 8 + 12 + ... + 200 =
(4 + 200) = 25 . 204 = 5100
2
22
9 + 18 + ... + 198 =
(9 + 198) = 11 . 207 = 2277
2
5
5
36 + 72 + ... + 180 = (36 + 180) = . 216 = 5 . 108 = 540
2
2
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 200 =

S = 20100 5100 2277 + 540 = 13263.

6.

S = [21 + ( 1)] S = [2 . 1 + ( 1) . 2].

2
2
S > 400

.
[2 1 + ( 1) . 2] > 400
2

2 > 400
> 20.
7. 1 :
= 1 + ( 1) = 120 + (12 1)(10) = 120 110 = 10.
S =

12
(1 + ) =
(120 + 10) = 6 . 130 = 780.
2
2

2 :
= 1 + ( 1) 109 = 5 + (27 1) = 4.
S =

27
27 .
( + ) =
(5 + 109) =
114 = 1539.
2 1
2
2

3 :

12
[21 + ( 1)] 210 =
[21 + 11 . 3] 1 = 1.
2
2
= 1 + ( 1) = 1 + 11 . 3 = 34.

S =

4 :
= 1 + ( 1) 8 = 1 + 15 . 2 1 = 38.
S =

16
(1 + ) S =
(38 8) = 8 . (46) = 368.
2
2

70

5:

8. 12
12
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 12 =
(1 + 12) = 6 . 13 = 78,
2
2 . 78 = 156 .
9.
1 = 800 33 = 4160. , = 1 + ( 1),
4160 = 800 + (33 1) . = 105. :
33
33 .
S33 =
(800 + 4160) =
4960 = 33 . 2480 = 81840 .
2
2
, 17
17 = 800 + (17 1) . 105 = 800 + 16 . 105 = 2480 .
10.
3, x1, x2, ..., x10, 80
12 .
= 1 + ( 1) 80 = 3 + 11 = 7,

10, 17, 24, 31, 38, 45, 52, 59, 66, 73.
11.
1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 1 = + ( 1) + ( 2) + ... + 1 =

( + 1)
2
=
=+1 .

2
12. 1 20.
2 25.
3 30. ...
, ,
(21 + ( 1))
S =
, :
2
S = [2 . 20 + ( 1)5].
2

.
[2 20 + ( 1)5] 4.700 20 + 2,5( 1) 4.700
2
8 + ( 1) 1880
2 + 7 1880 0
( 40)( + 47) 0
47 40
40m .

71

5.3.

5.3.

1. i) = 3 . 2 1,
iv) =

1 1
.
4 2

ii) =
1

= 1+ 1 ,
2

2 . 1
3
= 2 . 3 2,
3
v) = 16 .

1
2

1
2
1
2
= 2 . 3 . 1 = 3 ,
3
3
3
viii) = (2) . (2) 1 = (2),

vi) = 18 .

2. i) 9 =

1 . 8
2 = 64,
4

1 = 1 ,
2
2 5
1

vii) = 1 . (0,4)

=0,4

ii)

27 = 3
1
128
4

iii) 8 = 729 .

,
96 = 1 . 5
8
= 1 .
3
,

8 3 = 23 38 = 35 = 3 .
3
8
5
27 2
2
3 2 2

64
= 1 . 4
81

125 = 1 . 3

125
= 1 . 9
64

15

= 96 3 = 8, = 2.
1 12
2

14
= 2
1
3

19

1
=1 ,
3
3

3
3
37 = 1 36 , 1 = 1 .
2
2
2

12 = 1 . 2

{
{

ii)

ix) = (3) . (3) 1 = (3).

v) 9 =

= 24 .

32
32 = 1 ,
= 1 . 25 1 =
3
3 25 3

3. i)

5. i)

ii) 7 = 2 . 3 = 1458,

iv) 10 = 1 . (2)9 = 512,

4. i)

iii) = 9 . 3 1 = 3 + 1,

2
3 = 2 , = .
3
3

= 1 , 6 = 1 , = 1 .
3
2
2
2
1

72

5:

1
1
125 = 1 . 3 1 = 125 . 23 = 1000.
2
2
13

1 = 1000 .
14 = 1000 .
2
8192
1
= .
2
ii)

2 = 1 . 12
,

122

= 32 2 10 = 25 = 2 .
1
2
12

22
32 2 = 1 .

21 =

2 = 1 . 26 1 =

2 .
26

2 210 = 24 2 = 16 2 .
26

= 2 .
6. 768. 768 = 3 . 2 1 2 1 = 256
2 1 = 28, 1 = 8, = 9.
7. i) = 4 . 2 1.
4 . 2 1 > 2000, 2 + 1 >2000. 210 = 1024 211 = 2048.
+ 1 > 10 > 9.
2000 10 .
ii) = 128 .
128 .

128
0,25

2 1 > 512.
2
28 = 256 29 = 512.
1 > 9 > 10.
512 11.
8. i)

< 0,25, 2 1 >

1
2

5 20 = 100 = 10,

1 3 = 1 = 1.
3

ii)
(x + 1)2 = (x 4)(x 19) x2 + 2x + 1 = x2 23x + 76
25x = 75
x = 3.

73

5.3.
10

9. i) S10 = 1 . 2 1 = 1023.
21
10
ii) S10 = 3 . 3 1 = 3 . 59048 = 3 . 29524 = 88572.
31
2

iii) S10 = 4 .

1023
(2)10 1
= 4 .
= 4 . 341 = 1364.
3
2 1

10. i) = 1 1 8192 = 2 . 4 1 4 1 = 4096 = 46,

1 = 6 = 7.
16383
47 1
S7 = 2 .
=2.
= 2 . 5461 = 10922.
3
41
ii) = 1 1
1
2

= 1 = 1
2048
2

1 =4 1
512
2

11

, 1 = 11 = 12.

12

1 1
1 1
4095
2
4096
4096
2 4095 = 4095 8.
S12 = 4
=4
4
=4
4096
512
1 1
1
1
2
2
2
iii) = 1 1 256 = 1 . (2) 1
(2)8 = (2) 1, 1 = 8 = 9.

(2) 9 1 = 513 = 171.

S9 = 1
2 1
3
11. 1 = 3 ,
1
2
3
12

2 = 3 . 2
3 = 3 . 22
4 = 3 . 23 . ,
13 = 3 . 212 = 12288 .

12. 1 = 60 ,
1 2 = 60 .

1
3

2 3 = 60 .

1
3

74

5:
3

3 4 = 60 .

1
3

4 5 = 60 .

1 = 60 = 20 0,74m.
3
81 27

2 + 1
1.

+ 1

+2

=3

+1

3 + 1 = 2

+2
3
2 3

=2

+ 1 = 2 .
3

3 + 1
2 = 2 .
=
1
3
9
2.
4

( 10 + 4 ) = 5 + 2

10 + 4 = ( 5)( + 2)

( 5)( + 2) = 10 + 4
2 13 14 = 0
13 225 = 13 15 =
=
2
2
= 14 .

14
1

3. i) 1 .
:
1, 1, 12, 13, ..., 1, ...
:
2
2
2
2
2
1 , 1 2, 1 4, 1 6, ... 1 2.
1
2
1 2.
ii) k :
k
k
k
k
k
1 , 1 k, 1 2k, 1 3k, ... 1 k
1
k
1 k.
4

1 = 4(3 + 3) (2).
4. i) 1 + 1 = 3 + 3 (1) 1
1
(1) (2)

75

5.3.

1( + 1) = 3 +

1(3 + 2 + + 1) = 4(3 + 3 ).

3 + 2 3 3 = 0 2( + 1) 3( + 1) = 0
( + 1)(2 3) = 0
= 1 = 3 = 3 .
(1)
= 1,
1 . 0 = 3 + 3 ()
= 3 ,
1( 3 + 1) = 3 + 3 1 = 3
= 3 ,

1(1

3 )=3+

1 = (3 + 2 3 ).

5
4
(1)
5. 1 + 1 = 34 1( + 1) = 34
2
6
2 4

1 + 1 = 68 1 ( + 1) = 68
(2)
(1) (2) = 2, (1) 1 = 1.

S10 = 1 .

210 1
= 1024 1 = 1023.
21

6. ,
, + 1 ,
( ).
2 .
+ 1 = +
= 1,02 . .
100

+ 1 = 1,02 . .
1 = 90 . 1,02 + 1 = 1,02 .
1 1 = 90 . 1,02 = 1,02,
= 90 . 1,02 . 1,02 1 = 90 . 1,02.
10
10 = 90 . 1,0210 90 . 1,22 109800000 .
7. ,
,
+ 1
10
+ 1 =
= 0,9.
100

+ 1 = 0,9 . .

76

5:

1 = 0 . 0,9 + 1 = 0,9 . 1 0 . 0,9 = 0,9, = 0 . 0,9 . 0,9 1

= 0 . 0,9.
= 10 10 = 0 . 0,910 0,35 . 0.
8. i) 11 C C
1 = 261 13 = 522.
12
13 = 1 . 12 522 = 261 . 12 = 2 .
ii) 5 5 = 1 . 5 = 261 .

12

2 .

9. i) D ,
, , , + 1

D
. 4 = D 0,1 . D = (1 0,1)D = 0,9D.
D + 1 = D
40
D + 1 = 0,9D D1 = 36 1 .
D D1 = 36
= 0,9, D = 36 . 0,9 1.
ii) D7 = 36 . 0,96 19,13, 40 19,13 = 20,87.
10. + 1 = 2 . .
1 1 1 = 1.
, 1 = 1
= 2,
= 1 . 2 1 = 2 1.

264 1
S64 = 1 .
= 264 1 .
21

264 1 1,8447 1019 = 0,9223 1015 = 9,223 1014 = 9,223 1011 .
4
20000
2 10

11. i)

S1 = 3
S2 = 3 . 4 = 12
S3 = 12 . 4 = 48

4. S + 1 = 4 . S,

77

5.4. -

S1 = 3
S2 = 4S1
S3 = 4S2
.................
S = 4S 1

S = 3 . 4 1

ii) U1 = 3 . 1 = 3
1
4
U2 = 3 . 4 . = 3 . = 4
3
3
1
4 16
U3 = 3 . 4 . 4 . = 4 . =
9
3
3
4
U + 1 = U . .
3
U = 3 .

4
3

5.4. -
1. 5 = 5.000(1 +

20 5
) = 5.000 . (1,05)5 = 5.000 . 1,27628 = 6381,4.
100
3 10
)
100
. 1,0310 = 50.000
. 1,34391 = 50.000
50
=
= 37.204,87.
1,34391

2. 10 = (1 + )10 50.000 = (1 +

3. 5 = (1 + )5

4.

12.762 = 10.000(1 + )5
12.762
(1 + )5=
10.000
(1 + )5= 1,2762
1 + = 1,05
= 0,05 = 5%.

(1 + (3 / 100))5 1
3 / 100
5
1,03 1
= 5.000 . 1,03 .
3 / 100
0,159274
= 5.000 . 1,03 .
27.342,05.
0,03
3

= 5.000 (1 + 100 )

KE 6

6.1.

1. i) x 1 0, x 1.
:  {1} = (, 1) (1, +).
ii) x2 4x 0 x (x 4) 0 x 0 x 4.
, :
 {0,4} = (, 0) (0, 4) (4, ).
iii) x2 + 1 0 . , .
iv) |x| + x 0 |x| x x > 0.
, (0, +).
2. i) : x 1 0 2 x 0 1 x 2.
, [1, 2].
ii) x2 4 0 x 2 x 2
x2 4 2 2.
, (, 2] [2, +).
iii) O, [1, 3]
1 3.
iv) x 1 0 x 1 x 0 x 1.
,
[0, +) {1} = [0, 1) (1, +).
3.
f(5) = (5)3 = 125.
f(0) = 2 0 + 3 = 3.
f(6) = 2 6 + 3 = 15.
4. i) x . ,
:

80

6:

+1
4
+ x2
x x + 1 (x + 1) 4 (x + 1) 4 + x2.
E, f(x) = (x + 1)4 + x2 = x2 + 4x + 4 = (x + 2)2
f(x) = (x + 2)2, x .
(1)
f(0) = 22 = 4, f(1) = 32 = 9, f(2) = 42 = 16 f(3) = 52 = 25.
ii) x > 0, :
 f(x) = 36 (x + 2)2 = 62 x + 2 = 6 x = 4.
 f(x) = 49 (x + 2)2 = 72 x = 5.
 f(x) = 100 (x + 2)2 = 102 x = 8.
 f(x) = 144 (x + 2)2 = 122 x = 10.
5. i) x 1 :
f(x) = 7 4 + 5 = 7 4 = 2
x1
x1
2 (x 1) = 4 x 1 = 2 x = 3.
ii) x 0, 4 :
2
g(x) = 2 x 16 = 2, (x 4)(x + 4) = 2 x + 4 = 2
x(x 4)
x
x2 4x
x + 4 = 2x x = 4, .
iii) x  :
1 =1
1
x2 + 1 = 5 x2 = 4 x = 2 x = 2.
h(x) = 2
5
5
x +1

6.2.

1. T
.

2. 2 < x < 5 1 < y < 6.

81

6.2.

3. (1, 3),
i) xx (1, 3)
ii) yy (1, 3)
iii) x y
(3, 1)
iv)
(1, 3).

2
2
4. () = (x2 x1) + (y2 y1) (x1, y1) B(x2, y2),
2
2
i) (O) = 4 + (2) = 20 = 2 5.

ii) (B) = (3 + 1) 2 + (4 1) 2 = 42 + 32 = 25 = 5.
2
2
iii) (AB) = (1 + 3) + 0 = 4.
2
2
iv) (AB) = 0 + (4 + 1) = 5.

5. i)
(AB) = (4 1) 2 + (2 2) 2 = 32 + 42 = 5.
(A) = (3 1)2 + (5 2) 2 = 42 + 32 = 5.
(B) = (3 4)2 + (5 + 2) 2 = 2 72 + = 7 2.


, (AB) = (A), AB .
ii)
(AB) = (1 1) 2 + (1 + 1) 2 = 2 22 = 2 2, ()2 = 8.
(A) = (4 1)2 + (2 + 1) 2 = 2 32 = 3 2, ()2 = 18.
() = (4 + 1)2 + (2 1) 2 = 26, ()2 = 26.


()2 = ()2 + ()2.

, .
6.
2

() = (5 2) + (1 5) = 5.

82

6:

(B) = (2 5)2 + (3 1) 2 = 5.
() = (1 2)2 + (1 + 3) 2 = 5.
(A) = (2 + 1) 2 + (5 1) 2 = 5.

,
.
:
,

.
7.
i) f(2) = 6 22 + k = 6 k = 2.
ii) g(2) = 8 k(2)3 = 8 k = 1.
iii) h(3) = 8 k 4 = 8 k = 4.
8. i) f .
y = 0 x = 4, o y = f(x) xx
(4, 0).
x = 0 y = 4, y = f(x) yy
(0, 4).

ii) g 
xx 1(2, 0) 2(3, 0)
yy B(0, 6).
iii) H h 
xx (1, 0).
yy B(0, 1).
iv) H q 
xx.
yy (0, 1).
v) H [1, +),
xx (1, 0)
yy.
vi) H (, 2] [2, +),
xx , 1(2, 0) 2(2, 0).
yy.

6.3. f(x) = x +

83

9. i) x = 0 f(0) = 1. Cf yy (0, 1).

y = 0 x2 1 = 0 x = 1 x = 1.
Cf xx 1(1, 0) 2(1, 0).
ii) f(x) > 0 x2 1 > 0 (x + 1)(x 1) > 0 x < 1 x > 1.
10. i) f(x) = g(x) x2 5x + 4 = 2x 6 x2 7x + 10 = 0
7 9 =7 3
2
2
x = 5 x = 2.
x = 2, g(2) = 4 6 = 2.
x = 5, g(5) = 4.
Cf Cg (2, 2) (5, 4).
x=

ii) f(x) < g(x) x2 5x + 4 < 2x 6 x2 7x + 10 < 0

(x 2)(x 5) < 0 2 < x < 5.

6.3. f(x) = x +

1. , y = x +
: = , y = x +
xx. ,
i) = 1, = 45.
ii) = 3 , = 60.
iii) = 1, = 135.
iv) = 3 , = 120.
2. x = x2 x1 y = y2 y1, :
y = 3 2 = 1.
i) =
x 2 1
y = 1 2 = 1.
ii) =
x 2 1
y = 1 1 = 0.
iii) =
x 1 2
y = 1 3 = 2 = 2.
iv) =
x 2 1
1
3. y = x + .
i) = 1 = 2, : y = x + 2.
ii) = 45 = 1 = 1, : y = x + 1.

84

6:

iii) y = 2x 3
, = 2. : y = 2x + (1, 1)
1 = 2 1 + = 1. ,
y = 2x 1.
4. 2, , y = x + .
i) = 1, y = x +
(1, 2) 2 = 1 +
= 1. y = x + 1.
ii) = 1, y = x +
(1, 2) 2 = 1 +
= 3. : y = x + 3.
iii) = 0, y =
(2, 1), y = 1.
iv) = 2, y = 2x +
(1, 3) 3 = 2 + = 5. : y = 2x + 5.
5. H C = F + 0C 32F, 0 = 32 + .
(1)
, , 100C 212F,
100 = 212 + .
(2)
(1) (2) 100 = 180,
= 5 = 5 32 . ,
9
9
5
C = F 5 32 C = 5 (F 32).
9
9
9

,
5
= ( 32) 9 = 5 5 32 4 = 5 32 = 40.
9
40F 40C.
6. f :
 y = x + 2

x (, 0].
 y = 2
x [0, 1]

6.3. f(x) = x +

85

 y = x + 1 x [1, +).
7. i) O f(x) = 1 y = f(x)
y = 1, 1 1.
f(x) = x
y = f(x) y = x, 2, 0 1.
ii) f(x) < 1
y = f(x) y = 1,
x (, 1) {1}.
f(x) x
y = f(x) y = x
, x [2, 0] [1, +).
8. i) f(x) = |x|
g(x) = 1
.
 O |x| 1
y = |x|

y = 1 ,
x [1, 1].
 O |x| > 1 y = |x|
y = 1, x (, 1) (1, +).
ii) > 0
|x| x .
|x| > x < x > .

|x| 1 1 x 1.
|x| > 1 x < 1 x > 1.

1. i)
1
1
f(6) = 1, f(5) = , f(4) = 0, f(3) = , f(2) = 1, f(1) = 0.
2
2
f(0) = 1, f(1) = 1, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 0, f(4) = 1, f(5) = 2.
ii) O f(x) = Cf
.
 f(x) = 0 4, 1 3.
 f(x) = 1 2 4.
 f(x) = 1 6 [0, 2].

86

6:

iii) y = x + (2, 1) (2, 1) 1 = (2) +

1 = 2 + .
, ,
= 0 = 0,5.
y = 0,5x.

E, f(x) 0,5x
f
y = 0,5x, .
x [2,5] {2}.
2.
(1, 0) (.)
x = 1.
,

(1, 0) (2, 1),
.
y = x + , x 1
, (1, 0)
(2, 1). 0 = + 1 = 2 + , = 1 = 1.
: y = x 1, x 1.
3. i) ) (t)
t, (t) = 2000 100t
(t) 0 2000 100t 0 t 20.
, (t) = 2000 100t, 0 t 20.
) (t)
t, (t) = 600 + 100t, 0 t 20.

87

6.3. f(x) = x +

ii) .
(t) = (t),
2000 100t = 600 + 100t 200t = 1400 t = 7.
t = 7min.

4.
.
=
4 + 2 4 x 4 (4 x) 2
2
2
2
= 12 2x (4 x) = x + 8.
E, f
f(x) = x + 8, 0 x 4.
, .
(0, 8) (4, 4).
=

5. i) . k1 h = t + (3, 0) (0, 20) 0 = 3 + 20 = ,

20
= = 20. , . k1
3
h = 20 t + 20 , 0 t 3.
3
1
h1(t) = 20 t + 20 , 0 t 3.
(1)
3
,
2
h2(t) = 5t + 20, 0 t 4.
(2)

88

6:

ii) T k2 k1
h2(t) = 2h1(t). :
20 t + 20 = 2 20 t + 20
1 t + 1 = 2 1 t + 1
4
3
4
3
1 t + 1 = 2 t + 2 3t + 12 = 8t + 24
4
3
5t = 12 t = 2,4.
, k2 k1 t = 2,4h.

h2(t) = 2h1(t)

iii) A i)
h1(t) = t + , 0 t 3.
3
h2(t) = t + , 0 t 4.
4

, h2(t) = 2h1(t) t + = 2 t +
4
3
1 t + 1 = 2 1 t + 1 t = 2,4.
4
3
k2 k1 t = 2,4h, k1 k2.

6.4. K -

1. 4.3, (x) = |x|,
x y x y. H
f(x) = |x| + 2 y = |x|,
2 , f(x) = |x| 2
y = |x|, 2
().

6.4. -

89

2. H h(x) = |x + 2| y = |x|, 2 ,
q(x) = |x 2|
y = |x|, 2 ().

3. y = |x + 2|, ,
, y = |x| 2 . y = |x + 2| + 1,
, ,
y = |x + 2| 1 . , F(x) = |x + 2| + 1.
y = |x|, 2
1 ().

, G(x) = |x 2| 1,
y = |x|, 2
1 ().
4. i)

90

6:

ii)

iii)

5. i) f(x) = 2(x 2)2 1 + 1 = 2(x 2)2.

ii) f(x) = 2(x 3)2 1 2 = 2(x 3)2 3.
iii) f(x) = 2(x + 2)2 1 + 1 = 2(x + 2)2.
iv) f(x) = 2(x + 3)2 1 2 = 2(x + 3)2 3.

6.5. - -

1. f (, 1] [1, +).
g (, 0], [0, 2]
[2, +).
h (, 1], [1, 0],
[0, 1] [1, +).

6.5. - -

91

2. f x = 1, f(1) = 1 .
g .
h x = 1 x = 1
h(1) = h(1) = 2, .
3. i) f(x) f(3).
f(x) f(3) x2 6x + 10 32 6 3 + 10 (x 3)2 0, .
ii) g(x) g(1).
2x
21
g(x) g(1) 2
2
2x x2 + 1 0 (x 1)2, .
x +1 1 +1
4. i) H f1  x 
f1(x) = 3(x)2 + 5(x)4 = 3x2 + 5x4, f1 .
ii) H f2  x 
f2(x) = 3|x| + 1 = 3|x| + 1, f2 .
iii) H f3  x 
f3(x) = |x + 1|, , ,
f3(1) f3(1).
iv) H f4  x 
f4(x) = (x)3 3(x)5 = (x3 3x5) = f4(x), f4 .
v) H f5 (, 1) (1, +) 0. , f5 , .
f5(x) =

(x)2 = x2
, , .
1x 1x

vi) H f6  x 
2x = 2x = 2x
f6(x) =
= f6(x), f6 .
(x)2 + 1 x2 + 1
x2 + 1
5. i) H f1 * = {x  | x 0} x *

f1(x) = 1 = 1 = f 1(x).
|x| |x|
f1 .
ii) H f2 o [2, +)
. , .

92

6:

iii) H f3 o  x 
f3(x) = |x 1| |x + 1| = |x + 1| |x 1| = f3(x).
f3 .
iv) H f4 o * ,
x2 + 1
f4(x) = x = 1
x2 + 1 x
, i), :
v) H f5  , f5(x) = f5(x),
x .
vi) H f6 [1, 1] , f6(x) = f6(x),
x [1, 1].
6. i) H Cf (0, 0). f .
ii) H Cg yy. g .
iii) H Ch yy,
O(0, 0). h .
7.
i) H f .
ii) H g .
iii) H h , .
8. ) C1, C2 C3 yy.

) C1, C2 C3
.

KE 7

7.1. f(x) = x2

1. O(0, 0) yy. , y = x2 ,
(1, 2),
.
2
2 = 1 = 2.
, y = 2x2.
2. i) H (x) = 0,5x2


yy (.).

f(x) = 0,5x2 + 2 g(x) = 0,5x2 3
y = 0,5x2,
2 ,
3 .
ii) (x) = 0,5x2

yy (.).
h(x) = 0,5x2 2 q(x) = 0,5x2 + 3
y = 0,5x2,
2
, 3
.
: , h q
, f g ,

, f g xx.

94

7:

3. i) X (x) = 0,5x2,
2. i). f(x) = 0,5(x 2)2
g(x) = 0,5(x + 2)2

y = 0,5x2,
2 , 2 .
ii) (x) = 0,5x2,
2. ii).
h(x) = 0,5(x 2)2
q(x) = 0,5(x + 2)2
y = 0,5x2,
2 ,
.
4. i)
f(x) = x2
y = x2 ,

g(x) = 1 y = 1
.
O A(1, 1) B(1, 1)
yy.

x2 1 f(x) g(x) x2 > 1 f(x) > g(x)

x2 1 x Cf
Cg , x2 > 1
x Cf Cg. ,

x2 1 1 x 1 x2 > 1 x < 1 x > 1.
ii)
x2 1 x2 1 0 x [1, 1]
x2 > 1 x2 1 > 0 x (, 1) (1, +)
x2 1 x1 = 1 x2 = 1.

7.1. f(x) = x2

95

1.
f(x) =

x2, x < 0
x2, x 0

,
f y = x2

y = x2
.
2.
f(x) =

x, x < 0
x2, x 0

y = x
y = x2

.
f
 f
(, 0] [0, +).
 f x = 0, f(0) = 0.
3. i)
) (0, 1)
y = x3, y = x2, y = x y = x.
, x(0, 1) x3 < x2 < x < x.
) (1, +) . x(1, +),
x3 > x2 > x > x.
ii) 0 < x< 1. T
 x3 < x2 x2(x 1) < 0, , 0 < x < 1.
 x2 < x x(x 1) < 0, , 0 < x < 1.
 x < x x2 < x, .

96

7:
3

x < x < x <

x.

x > 1. , x3 > x2 > x > x.

4. x > 0 , y = x2. (x, x2), ,
yy, (x, x2). ,
2
2 2
2
4
() = 2x (OA) = (OB) = x + (x ) = x + x .

, ,
(OA) = (AB) 2x =

x2 + x4 (2x)2 = x2 + x4

x4 = 3x2 x2 = 3,
x=

3 , x > 0.

7.2. f(x) =
x

1. y = ,
x
(2, 1), .
1 = = 2.
2
, y = 2 .
x
2. i)
1
(x) =
x

1 3

O (.).

1
f(x) = + 2
x
1 3
g(x) =

x
-


7.2. f(x) =
x

97

1
y = 2
x
, 3 .
ii)
1
(x) =
x

2 4 O (.).

1
h(x) = 2
x
1
q(x) = + 3 x

1
y = , 2
x
, 3 .
: , h q
, f g ,

, f g xx.
3. i)
1
(x) = ,
x
2. i).
f(x) =

x2

g(x) =

1
,
x+3

98

7:

y = 1 , 2 ,
x
3 .
ii)
1
(x) = ,
x
2. ii).

h(x) =

x2

q(x) =

1
x+3

y = 1 , 2 ,
x
3 .
4. i)
1

x
Cf ,

g(x) = 1
Cg .
Cf Cg
(1, 1).
:
f(x) =

1
1 f(x) g(x) x < 0 x 1
x
1
> 1 f(x) > g(x) 0 < x < 1
x


7.2. f(x) =
x

99

ii)
1x
1
1
1 1 0
0
x
x
x

x(1 x) 0
x < 0 x 1.
x0

1x
1
1
> 1 1 > 0
> 0 x(1 x) > 0 0 < x < 1.
x
x
x
5. i)

1
f(x) =
x
Cf ,

g(x) = x2 Cg . Cf Cg , (1, 1).
1
x2 f(x) g(x)
x
1
> x2 f(x) > g(x)
x
1
x2 x Cf
x
1
Cg , > x2
x
x Cf Cg.
,

1
x2 x < 0 x 1.
x
1
> x2 0 < x < 1.
x

ii)
3

1x
1
1
x2 x2 0
0
x
x
x
x3 1
0 x(x3 1) 0 x 0
x
x(x 1)(x2 + x + 1) 0 x 0
x(x 1) 0 x 0
x < 0 x 1.

100

7:

1
> x2 0 < x < 1.
x

6. = = x > 0 =
= y > 0. xy
=
,
2
4
xy
= 2 xy = 4 y = , (1).
x
2
4
H (1) y = x
.

7.3. f(x) = x2 + x +

1. i)
f(x) = 2(x2 2x) + 5 = 2(x2 2 x + 12) 2 +5 = 2(x 1)2 + 3.
, f g(x) = 2x2,
1 3
.
ii)
f(x) = 2(x2 4x) 9 = 2(x2 2 2x + 22) + 8 9 = 2(x 2)2 1.
, f g(x) = 2x2,
2 1
.
2. ) f(x) = 2x2 6x + 3 = 2 > 0,
2

x = = 6 = 3 , f 3 = 2 3 6 3 + 3 = 3 .
2 4 2
2
2
2
2
) g(x) = 3x2 5x + 2 = 3 < 0,

7.3. f(x) = x2 + x +

101

2
x = = 5 , g 5 = 3 5 5 5 + 2 = 49 .
2 6
6
6
6
12

3. ) f(x) = 2x2 + 4x + 1
= 2 > 0,

x = = 1, f(1) = 1.
2
 (, 1]
[1, +).
f

 (1, 1)
x = 1,
 xx
A 2+ 2 ,0
2

2 + 2 , 0
2

, 2x2 + 4x + 1,
yy (0, 1).
) g(x) = 2x2 +
8x 9 = 2 < 0,

x = = 2, g(2) = 1
2

(, 2]
[2, +).

 (2, 1)
x = 2,
 yy (0, 9) ,
xx, .
4.
i) > 0, y = x2 + x +
, < 0, .
, f1, f3 f6,
f2, f4, f5 f7.

102

7:

ii) y = x2 + x +
yy. , f1 f5, f2, f3, f6 f7, f4.
iii) y = x2 + x +
xK = , = 2 x.
2
 f2 < 0 x > 0, > 0,
 f3 > 0 x > 0, < 0,
 f4 < 0 x > 0, > 0,
 f5 < 0 x > 0, > 0,
 f6 > 0 x < 0, > 0,
 f7 < 0 x < 0, < 0.

B
1. i) xx = 0.
(k + 1)2 4k = 0 k2 + 2k + 1 4k = 0
k2 2k + 1 = 0 (k 1)2 = 0 k = 1.
ii) H yy = 0.
yy,

2
(k + 1) = 0 k = 1.
2
iii)
,f
2
2

k+1 ,f k+1

2
2

7.3. f(x) = x2 + x +

103

k + 1 = 4
f
,
2
k + 1 2 (k + 1) k + 1 + k = 4
(k + 1)2 2(k + 1)2 + 4k = 16
2
2
(k + 1)2 + 4k + 16 = 0
k2 2k 1 + 4k + 16 = 0
k2 + 2k 1 + 16 = 0
k2 2k 15 = 0.
k1 = 3 k2 = 5.
k = 3 x = 1,
k = 5 x = 3.
2. i) , < 0.
ii) x (1, 0)
(5, 0), 1 = 1 2 = 5.
> 0.

6
iii) 1 + 2 =
= 6, 1 + 5 =
,

= 1.

, 1 2 = , 1 5 =
, = 5.

1
(x) = x2 + 6x 5.
. 1 = 1 2 = 5,
(x) = (x 1)(x 2) = (x 1)(x 5) = x2 6x + 5.
= 6 = 6, = 1.
(x) = x2 + 6x 5.
3. i) H L L = 2(x + y) L = 20, 2(x + y) = 20 x + y = 10 y = 10 x.
,
= xy = x(10 x) = x2 + 10x.
f(x) = x2 + 10x, 0 < x < 10.
ii) f(x). = 10 = 5
x =
,
2
2
, x = 5 y = 5. H

f(5) = 52 + 10 5 = 25.

104

7:

4. A () = x, () = 6 x (). .
2

2
2
2
1 = x2 x = x2 x = 3x , 1 = x 3 .
2
4
4
2

2 = (6 x) 3 .
2

1
1
= 1 + 2 = ()() + ()()
2
2
= 1 x x 3 + 1 (6 x) (6 x) 3
2
2
2
2
= 3 x2 + 3 (6 x) 2
4
4
3 (x2 6x + 18).
E =
, 0 x 6.
2

(1)

(1)
x, f(x) = x2 6x + 18 . = 1 > 0,
x = = 6 = 3.
2 2
.
5. x y
240 4x .
2x + 2x + 3y = 240 4x + 3y = 240 y =
3
T

(1)

240 4x = 8 x2 + 160x.
(2)
3
3
(x) = 8 x2 + 160x = 8 < 0,
3
3

160
=
= 30.
x =
2 16
3
240 4 30 = 40.
(1) y =
3
, x = 30m
y = 40m.
= 2xy = 2x