ORM With Hibernate

Mats Strandberg

v 6, 2006-09-28

Presentation
Impedance mismatch What is ORM When/why use ORM Understand Hibernate basics See Java using Hibernate API See SQL Understand Hibernate features Ask questions

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Mats Strandberg

Crisp Utbildningsdag (Crisp RD)

Crisp RD Every second Friday, usually by employee Some presentations at KTH Mats Strandberg Worked with several OODBs since 1990 Used RDBs in several OO projects Used Hibernate in one commercial project Worked with Java since 1996
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Mats Strandberg

Simple Domain Model

Event
0..n

0..n

Venue
0..n

0..n

Participant

Address

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Mats Strandberg

Simple Domain Model

Event
name date 0..n 0..n 0..n 1

Venue
name 0..n 1

Address
street city

Participant
name

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Object Diagram
hibernateRd: Event
name=Hibernate RD date=20060929 9.00

theVenue : Venue
name=rum 1537

theAddress : Address mats : Participant

name=Mats Strandberg street=Osquars Backe 2 city=Stockholm

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Example Code and Mapping File

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Relational Schema
Participants
* ParticipantId name

EventParticipations
* ParticipantId * EventId

Events
* EventId name

Addresses
* AddressId street city

Venues
* VenueId name VenueAddress

date EventVenue

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Example execution

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On Root Objects
In an object graph usually there s roots, where navigation starts.
Root

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Navigation
Event
name date

Venue
name

Address Participant
name street city

event.getVenue().getAddress().getStreet();
SELECT street FROM Addresses WHERE AddressId= (SELECT VenueAddress FROM Venues WHERE VenueId= (SELECT EventVenue FROM Events WHERE EventId=1));
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Mats Strandberg

Event
name

Venue
name

Query
Get streets in Stockholm

date

Address Participant
name street city

SELECT street FROM Addresses WHERE city="Stockholm";

List list = // get events for (Iterator iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { Event event = (Event) iter.next(); Address address = event.getVenue().getAddress(); if ("Stockholm".equals(address.getCity())) { System.out.println("'" + address.getStreet() + "' is in Stockholm"); } }
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Object Queries
Roots may not be enough for search We need at least class extension or OQL

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Event
name

Venue
name

HQL
Get street in Stockholm

date

Address Participant
name street city

SELECT street FROM Addresses WHERE city="Stockholm";

List list = session.createQuery( "select street from Address where city='Stockholm'").list(); for (Iterator iter = list.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) { System.out.println("'" + iter.next() + "' is in Stockholm"); }

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Example: Hibernate + Domain model

Take a look at: Java SQL

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Why a Database?
Need for persitent state Support for transactions Large data sets Multiple concurrent applications share data Data distribution Usually disk based (persistence with single node) Only add complexity to solve a real problem

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Reasons for Object Persistence vs RDB

Reasons to use OODB or ORM: Use of OO in design and programming (avoid impedance mismatch) Domain Model Intense solution Hierarchic data Navigational access

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Reasons For ORM vs OODB

Legacy RDB (Relational Database) (RDB) vendor independence Vendor stability(?) Schema migration Tools

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Alternatives to ORM
Hand coded persistance layer Serialization EJB/CMP OODB

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Hibernate
Open Source LGPL Licence http://hibernate.org

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Hibernate is non-intrusive
This means: Persistence is orthogonal to class Persisting a instance is a run-time decision

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Requirements for a Persistent Class

Hibernate is said to non-intrusive , however: Classes must have a no-arg constructor Classes should have a private Long id; Classes may have private database attributes

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Understand ORM to use it

The effective use of ORM technology in all but the simplest of enterprise environments requires understanding and configuring how the mediation between relational data and objects is performed Linda DeMichiel, Lead Architect EJB, Sun

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Impedance Mismatch
Identity Granularity Object navigation Subtypes Polymorphic associations

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Inheritance

A
a1

B
* id a1 b1

C
* id a1 c1

B
b1

C
c1

A
* id a1 b1 c1

Table per concrete class

A
* id a1

Table per class hierarchy

B
* id b1

C
* id c1

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Table per class

Mats Strandberg

Application Transactions
A.k.a. long running transactions An object graph can be detached Updates can be done while detached The object graph can later be attached to a session session.close() detaches the objects session.update(object) attaches the object NOTE: Other updates may be clobbered!
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Detached objects + automatic versioning

Handle concurrent updates by versioning A version attribute must be added to classes involved Detach object by session.close() Updates can be done while detached Attach with session.update(object) Exception thrown by Hibernate at flush (commit) if version mismatch

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Lazy vs Eager fetch

Event
name date

Venue
name

Address
street city

isA Venue$
name

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Consider Performance
Iterating over a Class (Event) that has a n to m association
List list = session.createQuery("from Event").list(); for (Iterator i = list.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) { Event event = (Event) i.next(); out.println("EVENT name:" + event.getName()); }

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Lazy initialization
A Proxy is used Getters are overridden, e.g. Event.getName(); The Proxy is a subclass of your persistent class, e.g extends Event Requires build-time bytecode instrumentation Beware of explicit comparison of runtime class, passing of class objects etc.

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Caching
First-level Cache Session

Cache Concurrency Strategy Cache Provider Second-level Cache

Query Cache

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Testing without database?

Testing business logic: Hibernate is non-intrusive -> Use POJOs in a transient way Think of transaction demarcation Beware of embedding HQL as it requires a DB.

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Hibernate Product Suite

Hibernate Core Hibernate Annotations Hibernate EntityManager Hibernate Tools NHibernate JBoss Seam

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Roadmap
Production: Hibernate 3.1 NHibernate 1.0 for :NET (Hibernate 2.1) Development: Hibernate 3.2 (EJB 3.0) NHibernate 1.2 (.NET Framework 2.0) NHibernate 3.x? (Hibernate 3)

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Entity Manager
Entity Manager implements a complete EJB3 persistence provider (together with Hibernate Annotations) EJB-QL based on HQL Automatic Versioning Detached Entities Non-managed set-up is rather different EJB3 has a large number of persistence contexts

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Features
Two Level Cache Locking strategies (e.g. Optimistic Locking) Application Transactions Composition Inheritance Polymorphism Persistence by reachability Fetching strategies: Lazy vs Eager Lazy initialization
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Books on Hibernate

Etc.
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Things to Mention
Locking JPA Java Persistence API Index Hibernate vs Manual ORM: When using Hibernate there is a standard for how the mapping has been done. This is good for maintenance Bidirectional relations are handled at code level

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Mats Strandberg