Heat

Heat
Heat is a form of energy Where is the heat from? Heat is from the fuel, in this case there is any chemistry energy changes that contained in gas and it becomes heat energy. Heat is not kind of substance, but it is an energy and it formed a magnitude symbolized by Q with joule (J) as its unit. Calorie (cal) is the other unit of heat.

Heat can changes the temperature of matter

All matters can release and receive heat. The objects with high temperature will inclined to release heat. The objects with low temperature will inclined to receive heat. They did it to stabilizing their condition with the surrounding environment. The temperature of matter will changed when it released or received heat. So the conclusion is; heat can changes the temperature of matter.

Heat density
Heat density of matter is the number of heat needed by a matter of 1 kg to increased its temperature to 1 C.

Substances
Water Alcohol Aluminum Steel Iron Gold Ice Glass Silver Mercury Zinc

Heat density of substances (J/kg C)

4200 2300 900 450 460 130 2100 670 234 140 390

 Q=mc t
Q = the number of heat released or received (J) m = mass of substance (kg) c = heat density of substance (J/kg C) t = temperature ascension ( C)

Heat can changes the state of matter

If heat is given to a matter continuously and reached the highest temperature, the state of matter will be changed. This condition is also happened when a matter released heat continuously and reached the lowest temperature.

Evaporating
Evaporating is process of state-changing from heated liquid to gas. How does water evaporates?
The heat given to the water will accelerating the movement of water molecules so there is much water molecule that left water (liquid), and it become vapor (gas)

Could water evaporates when it is unheated?

Y es, it could. Water is evaporated because of it received heat from the surrounding. Water could, but still, it needs heat.

Accelerating the liquid evaporation

Heating the liquid up Expanding the surface area of the liquid Decreasing the pressure in the surface of the liquid Blowing air on the surface of the liquid

Boiling
Boiling is a condition of liquid evaporating occurred in all section of the liquid. This condition is can be seen by the appeared bubbles contained water vapor and they moved from the bottom into the surface of the liquid.

 The quantity of heat needed to change liquid of 1 kg become vapor (all of it) on its boiling point is called vapor heat (U) U = Q / m or U = m U
Q = the number of heat released or received (J) m = mass of substance (kg) U = vapor heat (J/kg)

 When vapor is refrigerated, it will changes it state into liquid called condensed vapor. When it is condensing, the quantity of released heat and the temperature is the same with the quantity of heat needed and the temperature when it is evaporating. Vapor heat = condense heat Boiling point = condensing point

Substance Water Alcohol Gold Silver Mercury Copper Lead

Normal boiling point ( C) 100 78 2660 2190 357 2300 1620

Vapor heat (J/kg) 2260000 1100000 1578000 2336000 298000 7350000 7350000

Melting
Melting is a change phenomenon from solid to liquid. The quantity of heat needed to change solid of 1 kg become liquid on its melting point is called melted heat (L). L = Q / m or Q = m L
Q = the number of heat released or received (J) m = mass of substance (kg) L = melted heat (J/kg)

 When liquid is being frozen, it will freezing. When it freezing, it will releases heat. The quantity of released heat from liquid of 1 kg into solid is called frozen heat. Melted heat = frozen heat Melting point = freezing point

Substances Alcohol Aluminum Ammonia Ice Platinum Mercury Copper Lead

Melting point ( C) -97 665 -75 0 1769 -39 1083 327

Melted heat (J/kg) 69000 403000 452500 336000 113000 120000 206000 25000

Heat movement
Heat is an energy that can be moved if there is any temperature dissimilarity. How is the heat moving?
According to the method, there are; conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction
Conduction is a method of heat movement where the heat is moving from matter to matter but there is no moving of the molecules of the matter. Matter that can conducts heat goodly is called conductor, the bad one is called isolator.

Convection
Convection is a method of heat movement where the heat is moving, so did the particles of the matter (can be liquid or gas). The phenomenon of liquid convection is the same as the gas convection. Why did convection happen?
It happened because there is any mass dissimilarity between the matters.

Shore wind
Shore wind is occurred at the night. The wind is blew from the land to the ocean. It happened because, in the night, the air on the ocean is hotter than the air on the land. So the ocean air is came upward and it replaced with the land air. Then the air blew. This phenomenon is a benefit for fishermen those are going to a sail to catch fish.

Ocean wind
Ocean wind is occurred at the noon. The wind is blew from the ocean to the land. It happened because, in the noon, the air on the land is hotter than the air on the ocean. So the land air is came upward and it replaced with the ocean air. Then the air blew. This phenomenon is a benefit for fishermen those are going back to the land after their sail.

Radiation
Convection is a method of heat movement where the heat is moving without medium or space (vacuum). Heat is moving in the state of light because light can go through the vacuum, so heat can go through vacuum. Heat radiation can be blocked by giving screen or cover that could blocking the light transmitted from the light source.

The using of heat in daily life

Thermos bottle
Thermos bottle is used for storing the liquid in it in order to keep the heat of the liquid. Thermos bottle was made for avoiding the conduction, convection, and radiation.
The inner cylinder glass was made shining with silver layer that avoiding radiation heat movement and bouncing the radiation back to the thermos bottle. Glass wall as the bad conductor. The vacuum between two glass wall is added to avoiding the conduction and convection with the air.

 Cooking pot
Cooking pot was made from shiny conductor. The function is to cut the transmitting heat off. The hand-grip of the pot was made from isolator to restrains heat.