uay 4 ChapLer 2

ower Up your C||cker!

Some notes on
b|o|ogyw|thtechno|ogycom
Covalent Bonds
@he strongest bonds
Can be used to make |ong
cha|ns
ons and onic Bonds
Jeaker bonds make c|usters
-ot|ce that
each water
mo|ecu|e |ooks
||ke a M|ckey
Mouse
J@
2.4 A molecule's shape gives it
unique characteristics.
olecular Personalities
Shape determines function
W Physical properties such as:
Taste
Smell
ood chem|sts
have been able Lo
creaLe arLlflclal
sweeLeners LhaL
have beLLer and
beLLer flLs wlLh
recepLors
spartame and
Sacchar|ne for
examp|e are 1S0
t|mes and 4S0
t|mes sweeter
than tab|e sugar
Sp|enda |s 600
t|mes sweeter
1hls means LhaL
wlLh very Llny
amounLs we can
sense a sweeLness
equlvalenL Lo
much more Lable
sugar Jhat does
th|s mean?
dd|ct|ve foods?
olecular nteractions
and nsect ating Behavior
@h|nk
about
our
term|te
|ab!
2.S Hydrogen bonds make water cohesive.
2.6 Water has unusual properties that
make it critical to life.
Cohesion
Large heat capacity
Low density as a solid
Cood solvent
-J @S!!!!
Cohesion
eat Capacity
Why do coastal areas have
milder, less variable climates
than inland areas?
Low Density as a Solid
Why don't oceans freeze as easily
as fresh water lakes?
2.7 Living systems are highly
sensitive to acidic and basic
conditions.
CID I-
p Scale
The amount of in a solution is a
measure of its acidity and is called pH.
Acids
Bases
1he pP scale ls logarlLhmlc llke Lhe 8lchLer Scale for earLhquakes an lncrease ln 1 on Lhe scale
represenLs a Lenfold lncrease ln Lhe hydrogen lon concenLraLlon
n |ncrease of 2 represents a hundredfo|d |ncrease
1hls means LhaL Coke wlLh a pP of abouL 30 ls 10000 Llmes (!) more acldlc Lhan a glass of
waLer wlLh a pP of 70
ons and Acids
H+ very reactive
Acids can donate to other chemicals
Stomach acids can kill bacteria, can bind
to metals and cause them to corrode, acid
rain, Coke
Bases
Low
igh O
Antacids
Baking soda, seltzer, milk of magnesia,
household cleaners
2.8 Carbohydrates are macromolecules
that function as fuel.
Health topics of
the year
Lowcarb diet?
icarb diet?
Carboloading"?
Fiber intake?
What are
carbohydrates?
Four Types of acromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
C, , and O
Primary fuel for
organisms
Cell structure
Clucose
ost
carbohydrates
- ultimately
converted into
glucose
Blood sugar
Fiber
Roughage"
Colon cancer prevention/reduction
Termites ecological role
Fat molecules contain much more stored
energy than carbohydrate molecules.
2.1S Proteins
are versatile
macromolecules
that serve as
building blocks.
Amino Acids
Twenty different amino acids
Strung together to make proteins
2.16 Proteins are an essential
dietary component.
Crowth
Repair
Replacement
2.17 Protein functions are influenced by
their threedimensional shape.
Peptide bonds
Why do some people have curly hair and
others have straight hair?
2.13 Nucleic acids are macromolecules that
store information.
nformation Storage
The information in a molecule of DNA is
determined by its sequence of bases.
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
W CCATTACCCCAT
2.20 DNA holds the genetic information
to build an organism.
RNA differs from DNA in three
important ways.
The sugar molecule of the sugar
phosphate backbone
Singlestranded
Uracil (U) replaces thymine (T)