Echelon

1999
2004
A5-0264/2001
1
11 2001

( ECHELON)
(2001/2098()
M 1:

Echelon
: Gerhard Schmid
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"Sed quis custodiet ipsos custodes."

(" , ;")
(. 60 - 130 ..), 6, 347
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.................................................................................................11
........................................................................................................12
...........................................................................................................24
1.
1.1.
:............................................................................................................................24
............................................................................24
1.2.
STOA
ECHELON ...........................24
1.2.1. STOA 1997 ...............................................................................24
1.2.2. STOA 1999 .......................................................................................24
1.3.
....................................................................................................25
1.4.
; ........................................................26
1.5.
....................................................................................26
1.6.
ECHELON..................................................................27
2.
...........................................28
2.1.
...........................................................................................................................28
2.2.
; ........................................................................................................28
2.3.
...................................................................................................28
2.4.
......................................................................................................28
2.4.1. .....................................................................29
2.4.2. .....................................................................30
2.5.
3.
...................................................30
.......................................32
3.1.
...................................32
3.2.
...............................................................32
3.3.

...33
3.3.1. ...........................................................................33
3.3.2. :
38
3.3.3. ....................38
4.
...................................................................40
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4.1.
..............................................................40
4.2.
..............................................................41
4.2.1. .....................................................................................................41
4.2.2. ...........................41
4.2.3. ..........................42
4.2.4. ..................................................................................................47
4.2.5. (footprints) ...............................................................47
4.2.6. .................................................48
4.3.
...................................................49
4.3.1. ................................................................................................................................49
4.3.2. ........................................................................................49
4.3.3. ...........................................................................................49
4.3.4. ..............................................50
5.

..........................................................................................................................51
5.1.
;............................................................................51
5.1.1. ..................51
5.1.2. ....................52
5.1.3. ........................................52
5.2.
; .........52
5.2.1. 1: ........................................52
5.2.2. 2: .......................................................................................53
5.2.3. 3: ..................................................................................53
5.2.4. 4: .........................................................................54
5.3.

...54
5.3.1. .............................................................................................................................54
5.3.2. ..............................................................................................................55
5.3.3. .............................................................................................64
5.4.
UKUSA ........................................................................................................65
5.4.1. UKUSA ........................................................................65

5.4.2 .......................................................................66
5.5 .................................................68
5.5.1. .....................................................................................................68
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5.5.2. ...............................................................................................69
5.5.3. .................................................................................................................72
5.6
..........................................................73
Nicky Hager...................................................................................................................................73
Duncan Campbell ..........................................................................................................................74
Jeff Richelson ................................................................................................................................75
James Bamford ..............................................................................................................................76
Bo Elkjaer Kenan Seeberg ......................................................................................................77
5.7
................................................77
5.7.1 Margaret Newsham ( NSA) ...........................................................77

5.7.2 Wayne Madsen ( NSA) ................................................................78
5.7.3 Mike Frost ( ) ...........................78
5.7.4 Fred Stock ( )............................79
5.8
...............................................................................................79
5.8.1 ..................................................................................79
5.8.2 .........................................................................................79
5.8.3 .................................................................................80
5.8.4 ................................................................................80
5.8.5 .....................................................................................81
5.8.6 ..........................................................................................81
5.9
.............................................................81
5.10
...............................................................................................82
5.10.1 R ...........................................82
5.10.2 ...........................83
5.10.3
..........................................................................................84
6. ; .....................................84
6.1.
...........................................................84
6.1.1 ..............................................................................84
6.1.2 .............................................................................85
6.2.
................................................................................................................................85
6.3.
.................................................................................................................................86
6.4.
G-8 ............................................................................86
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7. "ECHELON"
.........................................................................................................................87
7.1
.......................................................................87
7.2
.....87
7.2.1 ................................................................................87
7.2.2 ....................................................................88
7.3

..........................................................................................89
7.4
...................................................................................................................90
8.

..................................90
8.1

...............................................................................................................................90
8.2
.......................................91
8.3
() ............92
8.3.1 .........................................................................................92
8.3.2 ...........................................92
8.3.3 8 ..93
8.3.4 8
94
8.4

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8.4.1 8
.................................................................................................................................95
8.4.2
...........................................................................................96
9.

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9.1
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.................................................................................................................................98
9.2
...................99
9.3.
........................................................................100
9.4.
................................................................103
10.
.....................................................................104
10.1
............................................................................104
10.1.1 ..........................................................................105
10.1.2. ...........................................................................................105
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10.2.
............................................................................106
10.3.
; .......................................................................................................107
10.3.1. ( ) ...................107
10.3.2 . ...................................................................................107
10.3.3. ...................................................................................................107
10.3.4. .................................................................................................108
10.4.
; ....................................................................108
10.5. ...............................................................................108
10.5.1. ..............................108
10.5.2. ........................109
10.6.
ECHELON ; ...........................................109
10.7.
...........................................................................................110
10.8.
.......................................................................119
10.8.1. ...........................................................................................................119
10.8.2. ................................................................119
10.9.
..................................................................120
10.9.1 :
........................................................................................................121
10.9.2
................................................................................................................................122
10.9.3. ............123
10.9.4. Advocacy Center .....................125
10.10. /.........................................................................................128
10.10.1
................................................................................128
10.10.2
.128
10.10.3
..........................................................................130
10.10.4
............................................................................................130
10.10.5
................................................................................131
10.11.
.....................................................................................131
10.11.1
.............................................131
10.11.2
....................132
10.11.3.
..........................................................................................132
11.
11.1.
....................................................................134
..................................................................134
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11.1.1. ..........................................................................................134
11.1.2 .................................................................................135
11.2
.............................................................136
11.2.1 ...................................136
11.2.2. : (one-time pad).............................................136
11.2.3 ................................................137
11.2.4 ..............................................138
11.3
...........................................139
11.3.1. : (public-key)...............139
11.3.2 public-key ..........................................................................140
11.3.3. .......................................................................................................140
11.4.
................................................................141
11.5.
...........................................141
11.5.1. ............................................................141
11.5.2. ......................141
11.5.3. .........................................142
11.6.
12.
..................................................142
...........................................144
12.1.
.........................................................................................................................144
12.2.
.........................................................................145
12.2.1 .................................................................................................145
12.2.2. ..................145
12.2.3. .....................................................................................146
12.3.
............................................146
12.4.
.....................................................................................................147
13.
..........................................................................................148
13.1.
.................................................................................................................148
13.2.
........................................................................................................................152
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5 2000 ,
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5 2000 .
Gerhard Schmid .
29 , 20 3 2001,
.
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Grard Deprez, , Robert Evans, Colette Flesch, Pernille Frahm,
, Eva Klamt, Alain Krivine, Torben Lund, Erika Mann, Jean-Charles
Marchiani, Hughes Martin, Patricia McKenna, William Francis Newton Dunn (. Jorge
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Ilka Schrder, Gary Titley (. Ozan Ceyhun), Maurizio Turco, Gianni Vattimo, W.G. van
Velzen, Christian von Btticher, Jan Marinus Wiersma, , (. Enrico
Ferri).
(5-0264/2001-
2).
11 2001.

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1974 ( 1964),
12
120, .30
INMARSAT
, ,
.
.

IRIDIUM
.
, VSAT
(very small aperture terminal, ).
0,9 3,7 ,
(.. -)
(..
). 1996 200.000
. Volkswagen AG 3.000, Renault 4,000, General Motors 100.000
12.000
VSAT. ,
31.
4.2.3.1
,
, , .
28
Georg E. Thaler, Satelliten im Erdorbit, Franzisverlag (1999)
29
. Hans Dodel, Satellitenkommunikation, Hthig Verlag (1999)
30
, http://www.geo-orbit.org
31
Hans Dodel,
RR\445698EL.doc
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PE 305.391
EL
INTELSAT32
INTELSAT (International Telecomunications Satellite Organisation) 1964

.
. , 144 INTELSAT . 2001
INTELSAT .
INTELSAT 20 ,
200 ,
INTELSAT. . INTELSAT
Business Service (IBS) 1984 (.. , , ). INTELSAT
,
, .. C Ku (.
).
INTELSAT .
.
, (.
, 5,5.3).
304E 359E 10 ,
6 62E 110,5E, 3
174E 180E.
.
INTERSPUTNIK33
1971 INTERSPUTNIK 9

INTELSAT. INTERSPUTNIK ,
. 24
( ) 40 (
),
. .
C Ku (. ).
(Gorizont, Express, Express A LMI-1
Lockhead-Martin), :
1 ,
3 , 2 (. , 5,5.3).
32
INTELSAT http://www.intelsat.com
33
INTERSPUTNIK: http://www.intersputnik.com
RR\445698EL.doc
44/210
PE 305.391
EL
INMARSAT34
INMARSAT (Interim International Maritime Satellite) 1979
, ,
. INMARSAT
International Maritime Organisation
. INMARSAT .
INMARSAT .
- INMARSAT III ,
, . 1/3
.
( , , )
. , INMARSAT
"Spot-Beams",
.
L Ku (.
4.2.4.).
PANAMSAT35
PANAMSAT 1988
. 21 ,
, , ,
.
C Ku.
21 , 7 , 2 2
.
. Panamsat
.
4.2.3.2

/.
.
EUTELSAT36
EUTELSAT 1977 17 ,

.
40 -. EUTELSAT 2001.
34
INMARSAT: http://www.inmarsat.com
35
PANAMSAT http://www.panamsat.com
36
EUTELSAT: http://www.eutelsat.com
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EL
EUTELSAT 18 , ,
.
12,5W 48E. EUTELSAT
(850 ) (520
), ,
( ): .. -,
( General Motors Fiat),
(Reuters, AFP), ,
.
Ku.
ARABSAT37
ARABSAT EUTELSAT , 1976.
21 . ARABSAT
, .
C.
PALAPA38
PALAPA 1995
EUTELSAT. ,
, , , .
C Ku.
4.2.3.3 39
,
.
TELECOM, ,
.
C Ku.
ITALSAT ,
, .
.
Ku.
AMOS (footprint)
.
Ku.
37
ARABSAT: http://www.arabsat.com
38
Hans Dodel, Satellitenkommunikation, Hthig Verlag (1999)
39
Hans Dodel, Satellitenkommunikation, Hthig Verlag (1999)
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EL
HISPASAT (Ku-Spots)
.
4.2.4.
ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

:
1. , , ,
2. ,
3. 1,
,

.
:
- L (0,4 1,6 GHz) , ..
INMARSAT.
- C (3,6 - 6,6 GHz) , .. INTELSAT
- Ku (10 - 20GHz) , .. INTELSAT-Ku-Spot
EUTELSAT
- Ka (20 - 46 GHz) , ..
(. . 4, 4.3)
- V (46 56 GHz) (VSATs)
4.2.5.
(footprints)
"footprint" ,
. 50 %
,
(spots).
,
, .
( )
.
,
.
INTELSAT40:
40
706 INTELSAT, 307E, INTELSAT,

http://www.intelsat.com
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EL

INTELSAT
(Beams):
(Global-Beam) (G)

,
- (Hemi-Beams) (H)

.
(Zone-Beams) (Z)
(Spots) .
-.

(Spot-Beams), ,
(. ).
C , -
. Ku
(Spot-Beams).
4.2.6.
0,5 .
30 ..
. .
,
.
,
C
INTELSAT (.. INTERSPUTNIK),
30 (.
5). 30
, INTELSAT Spots

. 30
RR\445698EL.doc
48/210
PE 305.391
EL

. (. 5, 5.2.3)
INTELSAT
C, 13 20 .
Ku INTELSAT, (EUTELSAT
KU, AMOS Ku, ..) 2 10
.

V
Ku, 0,9-3,7 (..
VSATs EUTELSAT INMARSAT).
4.3.
4.3.1.
.
- , , ,
.
, 32
10 . ,
.
4.3.2.

4 GHz 81 Gz.
(SHF) 3-30 GHz Ka (HF) 20-46 GHz.
4.3.3.
,
, ,
11 . (
DSCS) 18 .
RR\445698EL.doc
49/210
PE 305.391
EL
4.3.4.
MILSTAR (Military Strategy, Plan and Relay Satellite System)

6 ,
, ,
, .
,
.
DSCS (Defense Satellite Communications System)
, 5 .
.
SKYNET.
SYRACUSE, SICRAL,
""
,
.

Molnyia.
( IIID, NATO IVA NATO
IV). ,
.
RR\445698EL.doc
50/210
PE 305.391
EL
5.

5.1.
.
, ,
UKUSA
. ,
,
.

:
, UKUSA
.
-
,
, ,
UKUSA .
,
, . ,

, ,
.

.
5.1.1.
, ,
. ,
, ,
.
UKUSA, .

. ,
,
. UKUSA
.
,
.41
41
, .
RR\445698EL.doc
51/210
PE 305.391
EL
5.1.2.

,
. ,

(. 4,2.5.).

:

-
UKUSA
. . ,
. ,

(. 6).
5.1.3.
, UKUSA
. ,
.
.
, .
.
5.2.
5.2.1.

;
1:
,
, , ,
. .
,
. ,
NSA Naval Security
Group (NAVSECGRU), United States Army Intelligence and Security Command, Air
Intelligence Agency (AIA). ,
(RAF)
RR\445698EL.doc
52/210
PE 305.391
EL
GCHQ.
.
5.2.2.
2:
1, ,
.
. ,
.
(
Pusher) .
, ,
.
.
,
, (elevation) ,
. .. Morwenstow (
) Yakima () Sugar Grove (). ,
, Radome,
, .

, .
, .
5.2.3.
3:
1
:
-
- (, )
- SIGINT
-
, . ,
.
,
global beam C
. ,
25 30 , 15
20 .
,
.

18 (AN/FSC-78 AN/FSC-79). ,
,
( ).
RR\445698EL.doc
53/210
PE 305.391
EL
SIGINT,
( ) .
.
18
,
. ,
.
5.2.4.
4:

.
.
, ,
.
5.3.
5.3.1.

5.2.
, (Hager42,
Richelson43, Campbell44), 45, Federation of
American Scientists46 47 (NSA, AIA, ..)
42
Nicky Hager, Exposing the global surveillance system http://www.ncoic.com/echelon1.htm

Nicky Hager, Secret Power. New Zealandss Role in the International Spy Network, Craig Potton Publishing (1996)
43
Jeffrey T. Richelson, Desperately Seeking Signals, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Vol 56 Nr. 2, 47-51,
http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/2000/ma00/ma00richelson.html
Jeffrey T. Richelson, The U.S. Intelligence Community, Westview Press 1999
44
Duncan Campbell.
(COMINT)

COMINT
, 2/5 : STOA (.)
( 1999), 168.184.
http://www.europarl.eu.int/dg4/stoa/en/publi/pdf/98-14-01-2en.pdf
Duncan Campbell, Inside Echelon, 25.7.2000, http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/6928/1.html
Duncan Campbell, Interception Capabilities - Impact and Exploitation Echelon and its role in COMINT,
Echelon 22 2001
Federation of American Scientists (FAS), http://www.fas.org/irp/nsa/nsafacil.html
45
Jeffrey T. Richelson, Newly released documents on the restrictions NSA places on reporting the identities of USpersons: Declassified, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB23/index.html
46
Federation of American Scientists (FAS), http://www.fas.org/
47
Military.com; *.mil-
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EL
. Waihopai
.48
,
,
.
5.3.2.

(. 4):

, .
C Ku,
C Ku.
,
.
,
,

,
. HemiBeams Global-Beams
(.
4). (Zonebeam Spotbeam)
.
' ,

.
5.2.:
49,

C Global-Beam
INTELSAT 30 ,
15 18 .

.
48
Domestic and External Security Secretariat, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, Securing our Nation's
Safety (2000), http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/dess/securingoursafety/index.html
49
: NAVSECGRU: Naval Security Group, INSCOM: United States Army

Intelligence And Security Command, AIA: Air Intelligence Agency, IG: Intelligence Group, IS: Intelligence
Sqadron, IW: Intelligence Wing, IOG: Information Operation Group, MIG: Military Intelligence Group
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EL
INTELSAT

.
,
,
.
, .
,
, ,

.
INTELSAT ,
, ,
INTELSAT.

1965 INTELSAT (Early Bird) .

.
INTELSAT II III, 1967 1968,
. Global-Beams
, .
. ,
, .
Global-Beams, '

.
INTELSAT
INTELSAT INTELSAT INTELSAT
INTELSAT Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT Indian Ocean
Morwenstow
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Yakima
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EL
1970 Yakima
, 1972/73 Morwenstow . Yakima
( ), Morwenstow
(
).
.

INTELSAT (IV IVA)

'70 (1971 1975).

(4000 6000), Global-Beam Zone-Beams
( 4). Zone-Beam ,
, .
.
Yakima Zone-Beam
, Morwenstow Zone-Beam .
Zone-Beams
.
INTELSAT
INTELSAT INTELSAT INTELSAT
INTELSAT Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT Indian Ocean
INTELSAT Pazific Ocean
Morwenstow
Yakima
Sugar Grove
Hong Kong
'70 Sugar Grove

( )
1980. '70
.
' , Yakima, Morwenstow, Sugar Grove
HongKong '80
INTELSAT.
RR\445698EL.doc
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EL
INTELSAT Zone-Beams Spot-Beams

Global-Beams Hemi-Beams
. ,
,
.

,
.
.

INTELSAT,
INMARSAT INTERSPUTNIK. (,
) .

:
:
INTELSAT 604 (60), 602
Geraldton,
(62), 804 (64), 704
Pine Gap,
Morwenstow,
(66)
Menwith Hill,
EXPRESS 6A (80)
INMARSAT
INTELSAT APR1 (83), APR-2 (110,5) Geraldton,
Pine Gap,
Misawa,
:
INTELSAT 802 (174), 702 (176), 701
(180)
GORIZONT 41 (130), 42
(142), LM-1 (75)
INMARSAT
RR\445698EL.doc
Waihopai,
Geraldton,
Pine Gap,
Misawa,
Yakima, USA Intelsat Inmarsat
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:
INTELSAT 805 (304,5), 706 (307), 709
(310)
601 (325,5), 801 (328), 511(330,5), 605
(332,5), 603 (335,5), 705 (342)
EXPRESS 2 (14), 3A (11)
INMARSAT
INTELSAT 707 (359)
Sugar Grove,
Buckley Field,
Sabana Seca,
Morwenstow,
Menwith Hill,
Morwenstow,
Menwith Hill,

.
,
, ,
.
.. Zone-Beams Spot-Beams ,
Global-Beams , Global-Beam
.

( 5.2)

.

5.2.

:
Yakima, (120, 46)
1970 .
1995 Intelligence Agency (AIA) 544 Intelligence Group (Detachment
4). Naval Security Group (NAVSECGRU).
,
. Hager
Intelsat (2 )
Intelsat ,
Inmarsat 2.
Yakima ersten
Intelsat 544 Intelligence Group
Yakima
. Yakima
, 100 .
RR\445698EL.doc
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EL
Sugar Grove, USA (80, 39)

Sugar Grove
Intelsat "70. NAVSECGRU
AIA 544 Intelligence Group (Detachment 3). ,
, 10 ,
18 (18,2 , 32,3 46 ) '
.
Detachment 3 544 IG "
"
.50
, Sugar Grove (60 )
Etam.
Sabana Seca, (66, 18)
1952 NAVSECGRU Sabana Seca. 1995
AIA 544 IG (Detachment 2).
32 4 .
, ,
("performing satellite communication processing"), "
" DoD ( ,
COMSAT ( 544 IG)). Sabana
Seca
.
Morwenstow, (4, 51)
Morwenstow Yakima
Intelsat '70. Morwenstow
(GCHQ). Morwenstow .
21 , 30
.
, ,
110 .
Telekom Goonhilly
.
Menwith Hill, (2, 53)
Menwith Hill 1956, 1974 8
. 30 ,
20 .
, , (AN/FSC-78).
Menwith Hill .
NAVSECGRU, AIA (451 IOS) INSCOM,
. Menwith Hill
.
50
"

." 44 Intelligence Group http://www.aia.af.mil
RR\445698EL.doc
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EL
Menwith Hill "

". Richelson
Federation of American Scientists Menwith Hill

.
Geraldton, (114, 28)
'90.
(DSD), ,
(. )
. ( 20 )
Hager
.

, Geraldton .51
Pine Gap, (133, 23)
Pine Gap 1966.
(DSD) 900
CIA NAVSECGRU.52
Pine Gap 18 , . 30
20 .
,
SIGINT.
,
.
, SIGINT
. 1980
,
.
Misawa, (141, 40)
Misawa 1948 HFDF
. NAVSECGRU,
INSCOM AIA (544 IG, 301 IS,).
14 , 20
(). Misawa "
" Richelson
Misawa Molnyia .
51
Proof Committee Hansard, Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Reference: Pine Gap, 9 August 1999, Canberra;
http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard
52
Proof Committee Hansard, Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Reference: Pine Gap, 9 August 1999, Canberra;
http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard
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Waihopai, (173, 41)53

Waihopai 1989. 18
, . Waihopai,
GCSB ( )
.54
,
.
, .
Hager, "" Waihopai Geraldton
.55
(22, 114)
'70
INTELSAT .
. 1994
.
: Geraldton, Pine Gap Misawa .
, .

:
Leitrim, (75, 45)
Leitrim
. Leitrim,
, 30 . 1985 4
, 12
().
, , " "
.
Bad Aibling, (12, 47)
Bad Aiblings, 750 .
Bad Aibling INSCOM (66 IG, 718 IG), ,
NAVSECGRU, AIA (402nd IG, 26th IOG).
14 , 18
53
Domestic and External Security Secretariat, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet "Securing our Nation's
Safety", Dezember 2000, http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/dess/securingoursafety/index.html
54
Domestic and External Security Secretariat, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet: "Securing our Nations
Safety", Dezember 2000, http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/dess/securingoursafety/index.html: " 1989, [...] GCSB
Waihopai, Blenheim. [...]
, .
GCSB , , /

."
55
Nicky Hager, Secret Power. New Zealandss Role in the International Spy Network, Craig Potton Publishing
(1996), 182
RR\445698EL.doc
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EL
. , Bad Aibling : "

,
, HF ,
, ".
Richelson Bad Aibling SIGINT
.
, 30 2002.
.56
, (32, 35)
. 14
, , ,
"Signals Regiment Radio" "Signals Unit (RAF)".

( SpotBeams) ' ,
.
Shoal Bay, (134, 13)
Shoal Bay
. 10
.
5 8 ' ,
. Richelson
PALAPA.
.
Guam, (144, 13)
Guam 1898.
, 544th IG AIA
.
4 ,
15 .
Kunia, (158, 21)
1993 (RSOC)
, NAVSECGRU AIA.

. Kunia .
Buckley Field, , Denver (104, 40)
1972. 544 IG (Det. 45).
5 4 20 .

SIGINT, .
56
31.5.2001 INSCOM,
http://www.vulcan.belvoir.army.mil/bas_to_close.asp http://www.vulcan.belvoir.army.mil/bas_to_close.asp
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EL
Medina Annex, (98, 29)

Medina , Kunia,
1993 NAVSECGRU AIA
.
Fort Gordon (81, 31)
Fort Gordon ,
INSCOM AIA (702nd IG, 721st IB, 202nd IB, 31st IS)
.
Fort Mead, (76, 39)
Fort Mead NSA.
5.3.3.

, :
1.
Global-Beams 20
,
.
2. INTELSAT
.
3. ,
, . .
4.
.
5. Beams Spots ,
.
6. , ,
.
Beams Spots. ,
.
7.
.
RR\445698EL.doc
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PE 305.391
EL
5.4.
UKUSA
UKUSA SIGINT
,
.
5.4.1.
UKUSA57
UKUSA '
,
' .
SIGINT 1940
.58
1941
Cipher (PURPLE). 1941 .59

1941. 1941
ENIGMA:
SIGINT. 1942
" SIGINT"
.60 ,
, 1943, , ,
, .61
1943 BRUSA-SIGINT
.
:
,
57
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance in Hayden B. Peake, Samuel Halpern
(Eds.), In the Name of Intelligence. Essays in Honor of Walter Pforzheimer, NIBC Press (1994), 95 -109
58
Christopher Andrew,The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance, .., 99: At a meeting in London on
31 August 1940 between the British Chiefs of Staff and the American Military Observer Mission, the US Army
representative, Brigadier General George V. Strong, reported that it had recently been arranged in principle between
the British and the United States Governments that periodic exchange of information would be desirable, and said
that the time had come or a free exchange of intelligence". ( : COS (40) 289, CAB 79/6, PRO.
Smith, The Ultra Magic Deals, 38, 43f. Sir F.H. Hinsley, et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. I,
312f)
59
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance, .., 100: In the spring of 1941,
Steward Menzies, the Chief of SIS, appointed an SIS liaison officer to the British Joint Services Mission in
Washington, Tim OConnor, [], to advice him on cryptologic collaboration
60
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance, .., 100 (Sir F.H. Hinsley, et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol II, 56)
61
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance, .., 101 (Sir F.H. Hinsley, et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. II, 48)
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.
, .62
, SIGINT
. '
( Sir Harry Hinsley,
) 1945.
SIGINT
. ,
().
.
1945 ,
SIGINT .63
.
,
. 1946
SIGINT,
.
. 25
, SIGINT
.
, UKUSA
1948.64
5.4.2
5.4.2.1 1999/2000
UKUSA
. ,
, ,
UKUSA : " ,
UKUSA.
62
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance ibidem, 101f: Interviews mit Sir F.H.
Hinsley, Operations of the Military Intelligence Service War Department London (MIS WD London), 11 June
1945, Tab A, RG 457 SRH-110, NAW
63
Harry S. Truman, Memorandum for the Secretaries of the State, War and the Navy, 12 Sept. 1945: The Secretary
of War and the Secretary of the Navy are hereby authorised to direct the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army and the
Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet; and Chief of Naval Oerations to continue collaboration in the field of
communication intelligence between the United States Army and Navy and the British, and to extend, modify or
discontinue this collaboration, as determined to be in the best interests of the United States. (zitiert nach Bradley F.
Smith, The Ultra-Magic Deals and the Most Secret Special Relationship, Presidio (1993)),
64
Christopher Andrew, The making of the Anglo-American SIGINT Alliance in Hayden Peake and Samuel Halpern
(Eds), In the Name of Intelligence. Essays in Honor of Walter Pforzheimer, NIBC Press (1995), 95 109: Interviews
with Sir Harry Hinsley, March/April 1994, who did a part of the negotiations; Interviews with Dr. Louis Tordella,
Deputy Director of NSA from 1958 to 1974, who was present at the signing
RR\445698EL.doc
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EL

(NSA),
GHCQ GHCQ."65
5.4.2.2
,
,
: " GCSB ( )
. ,

. (NSA)
, (GCHQ) ,
(DSD) (CSE)
. ,

."66
, :
5.4.2.3
UKUSA , 67 " " " SIGINT 5 ".
65
Intelligence and Security Committee Annual Report 1999-2000. Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by
Command of Her Majesty, November 2000, 8 Rz 14
: "The quality of intelligence gathered clearly reflects the value of the close co-operation under
the UKUSA agreement. A recent illustration of this occurred when the US National Security Agency's (NSA)
equipment accidentally failed and for some three days US customers, as well as GCHQ's normal UK customers,
were served directly from GCHQ."
66
Domestic and External Secretariat des Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet von Neuseeland, Securing
our Nation's Safety. How New Zealand manages its security and intelligence agencies (2000).
: "The operation of the GCSB is directed solely by the New Zealand Government. It is,
however, a member of a long-standing collaborative international partnership for the exchange of foreign
intelligence and the sharing of communications security technology. The other members of the partnership are the
USA's National Security Agency (NSA), the UK's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) Australia's
Defence Signals Directorate (DSD), and Canada's Communications Security Establishment (CSE). New Zealand
gains considerable benefit from this arrangement, as it would be impossible for New Zealand to generate the
effectiveness of the five nation partnership on its own."
67
//
(NMITC) http://www.cnet.navy.mil/nmitc/training/u.html
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5.4.2.4 DSD
(DSD)
: ,

UKUSA.68
5.4.2.5

.
: (NSA), (GCHQ),
(DSD) (GCSB). .
5.4.2.6 NSA, . Louis Torella
Christopher Andrew, ,
1987 1992, NSA, .
Louis Torella, UKUSA,
.69
5.4.2.7 GCHQ, Joe Hooper
GCHQ Joe Hooper
NSA S.Carter UKUSA.
5.4.2.8
,
UKUSA , .
, .
5.5
5.5.1.
Freedom of Information Acts 1966 (5 U.S.C. 552)

( DoD FOIA 5400.7-R 1997)
,
.

George Washington Washington, 1985.
Jeffrey Richelson, ,
16 , , ,
68
Martin Brady, DSD, 16.3.1999 Ross Coulthart, Sunday Program Channel 9
69
Andrew, Christopher The growth of the Australian Intelligence Community and the Anglo-American
Connection, 223-4
RR\445698EL.doc
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PE 305.391
EL
NSA.70 ,
ECHELON. , ECHELON,

ECHELON. ,
Richelson ,
NRO (National Reconnaissance Office)
.71
, Jeffrey Richelson
.
.
5.5.2.
:
5.5.2.1 NSA ( 1, 2, 4, 10, 16)
9 (NSCID 9)72 10
1950, , COMINT, .
,
( )
, , ,
.
(NSCID 9 . 29.12.1952)73 ,
(FBI).
23 1971 NSA
(CSS) NSA :
NSA
.
NSA SIGINT ,
.
SIGINT NSA
.
, 197174 NSA
CSS.

12 200075, NSA Hayden
NSA :
70
Richelson, Jeffrey T., The National Security Agency Declassified, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing
Book no. 24, George Washington University http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB23/index.html
71
Richelson, Jeffrey T., The National Security Agency Declassified, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing
Book no. 24, George Washington University http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB35/index.html
72
1. NSCID 9, "Communications Intelligence," March 10, 1950.
73
2. National Security Council Intelligence Directive No. 9, Communications Intelligence, December 29,
1952.
74
4. Department of Defense Directive S-5100.20, "The National Security Agency and the Central Security
Service," December 23, 1971.
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PE 305.391
EL

NSA
, ,
NSA
NSA
,
W.O. Studeman 8
199276 , NSA ,
.
5.5.2.2. ( 7)77
18 (USSID 18) ,
.
5.5.2.3. ( 2, 2)78

(arrangements)
COMINT. NSA ,
COMINT.
5.5.2.4. ECHELON ( 9, 12)
NAVSECGRU C5450.48A79 ,
Naval Security Group Activity (NAVSECGRUACT), 544
Sugar Grove, . , :
ECHELON. ,
.
History of the Air Intelligence Agency January to 31 December 1994"80
Echelon
(AIA), 2 3:
75
16. Statement for the Record of NSA Director Lt Gen Michael V. Hayden, USAF before the House
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, April 12, 2000.
76
10. Farewell from Vice Admiral William O. Studeman to NSA Employees, April 8, 1992.
77
7. United States Signals Intelligence Directive [USSID] 18, "Legal Compliance and Minimization
Procedures," July 27, 1993.
78
2. Memorandum from President Harry S. Truman to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense,
Subject: Communications Intelligence Activities, October 24, 1952.
2. National Security Council Intelligence Directive No. 9, Communications Intelligence, December 29,
1952.
79
9. NAVSECGRU Instruction C5450.48A, Subj: Mission, Functions and Tasks of Naval Security Group
Activity (NAVSECGRUACT) Sugar Grove, West Virginia, September 3, 1991.
80
12. "Activation of Echelon Units," from History of the Air Intelligence Agency, 1 January - 31
December 1994, Volume I (San Antonio, TX: AIA, 1995).
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ECHELON,
ECHELON ECHELON.
UKUSA.
5.5.2.5. ( 6, 9, 12 )
Sugar Grove, SIGINT NAVSECGRU

C5450.48A81
Misawa, , SIGINT History of the

Air Intelligence Agency - January to 31 December 199482
Naval Security Group, 83
Sabana Seca, , SIGINT, ..

, SIGINT, ..
Yakima, Washington, SIGINT, ..
Fort Meade, Maryland, COMINT NSA Fort George G. Meade,

Maryland 31 1972 COMINT.85
Menwith-Hill, ,
- Bad Aibling, , Naval Security
Group, 87
- Medina, Texas, Naval Security Group,
88
- Kunia, , Naval Security Group,
89
5.5.2.6. ( 7, 7 ,
9, 11,16)
NAVSECGRU C5450.48A ,
.90
81
Activity (NAVSECGRUACT) Sugar Grove, West Virginia, September 3, 1991.
82
12. "Activation of Echelon Units," from History of the Air Intelligence Agency, 1 January - 31
December 1994, Volume I (San Antonio, TX: AIA, 1995).
83
Department of the Navy, Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.32E 9.5.1996
84
Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.33B 8.8.1996
85
COMINT Report der NSA aus Fort George G. Meade, Maryland 31. August 1972
86
Department of the Navy, Fact and Justification Sheet for the Establishment of U.S. Naval Security Group Activity
vom 23.2.1995 und Department of the Navy, Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.62 30.1.1996
87
Department of the Navy, Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.63 25.10.1995
88
Department of the Navy, Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.60A 8.4.1996
89
Naval Security Group Instruction C5450.55B 8.8.1996
90
Activity (NAVSECGRUACT) Sugar Grove, West Virginia, September 3, 1991
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(Baker, General Counsel, NSA, 9 1992,
(USSID) 18, 20 1980,
.) 91
5.5.2.7. ( 4, 5,7)
23 197192
, ,
,
. 6 17 1972.93
, COMINT
( )
, , , .
5.5.3.
1. 50 ,
,
.
2. NSA COMINT.
3. NSA
, ,

NSA .
4. .
5. 544 2 3
.
6. ECHELON .
7. Sugar Grove , Misawa ,
(. Sabana Seca), , Yakima Washington
SIGINT.
8. Naval Security Group,
SIGINT.
91
Dissemination of U.S. Government Organizations and Officials, 5 1993; Reporting

Guidance on References to the First Lady, 8 1993; Reporting Guidance on Former President Carters
Involvement in the Bosnian Peace Process, 15 1994; Understanding USSID 18, 30 1997;
USSID 18, 14 1998;
NSA/US IDENTITIES IN SIGINT, 1994; Statement for the record of NSA Director Lt Gen Michael V.
Hayden, USAF, 12 2000)
92
4. Department of Defense Directive S-5100.20, "The National Security Agency and the Central Security
Service," December 23, 1971
93
5. NSCID 6, "Signals Intelligence," February 17, 1972.
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PE 305.391
EL
9.
.
, , ,
, .
5.6
Nicky Hager
Nicky Hager "Secret Powers New Zealand's role in the international spy
network", 1996,
ECHELON. 50
GCSB
.
, .
Hager
ECHELON ECHELON Dictionaries.
, UKUSA
1947, ,
,
COMINT .
,

. UKUSA ,
.
Hager,
. 1970
Intelsat
94.
, ,
. ,
, .. Inmarsat95,
.
Hager
, , .

, ,
, , . ,
"ECHELON" .
94
Intelsat, http://www.intelsat.int/index.htm
95
Inmarsat, http://www.inmarsat.org/index3.html
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73/210
PE 305.391
EL
24 2001, Hager
.
,
.
, .
,
- - .
,
,
. -,
" ". ,
..
Morwenstow, .
, Hager
.
, UKUSA
.
UKUSA. Hager,
UKUSA,
.

,
UKUSA .
Duncan Campbell
Duncan Campbell
Hager Richelson,
. , ECHELON

. -"",
- .
STOA 2/5 1999,
, Campbell
.
, ECHELON , ,
, . " ECHELON
, .
,
." 96
96
Duncan Campbell, Inside Echelon. Zur Geschichte, Technik und Funktion des unter dem Namen Echelon
bekannten globalen Abhr- und Filtersystems, http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/6928/1.html
RR\445698EL.doc
74/210
PE 305.391
EL
22 2001, Campbell

.
CIA Advocacy Center Office of Executive
Support . ,
Advocacy Center ,
Advocacy
Center.97 Advocacy Center ,
.
Campbell
, .. ,
.
.
Jeff Richelson
Jeffrey Richelson, ,
16 ,
, , NSA (National Security
Agency).98

. 1985 "The Ties That
Bind"99 UKUSA
, ,
, .
"The U.S. Intelligence Community"100 1999,
,
,
. 8 SIGINT
. 13
,
UKUSA.
97
Advocacy Center, http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/advocacy/index.html

, , Advocacy Center
. ,
.
98
Jeffrey T.Richelson, The National Security Agency Declassified, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing
Book no. 24, George Washington University, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB23/index.html
99
Jeffrey T. Richelson, Desmond Ball, The Ties That Bind, Boston UNWIN HYMAN (1985)
100
Jeffrey T. Richelson, The U.S. Intelligence Community4, Westview Press (1999)
RR\445698EL.doc
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PE 305.391
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, "Desperately seeking Signals"101, 2000,

UKUSA,

.
James Bamford
James Bamford,
,
SIGINT NSA.
1982 "The Puzzle Palace"102, 8 ,
"", UKUSA. "Body of
Secrets"103, "Puzzle
Palace",
"Plattform". ECHELON
,
.104 ECHELON
UKUSA. .
"Body of Secrets", " ",
, Bamford
, ,
UKUSA .
NSA NSA
.
ECHELON 23
2001. NSA
, .

NSA , ..
.
Bamfords
ECHELON ,
. "Body of Secrets"

, " UKUSA"
. ,
101
Jeffrey T. Richelson, Desperately Seeking Signals, The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 56, No. 2/2000,
47-51, http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/2000/ma00/ma00richelson.html
102
James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace, Inside the National Security Agency, America's most secret intelligence
organization (1983)
103
James Bamford, Body of Secrets. Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency. From the Cold War
Through the Dawn of a New Century, Doubleday Books (2001)
104
James Bamford, Body of Secrets. Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency. From the Cold War
Through the Dawn of a New Century, Doubleday Books (2001), 404.
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EL
,
NSA .
Bamford ,

, NSA
,
, .
Bo Elkjaer Kenan Seeberg

Bo Elkjaer Kenan Seeberg 22 2001
, ECHELON 1980
, ,
, 1984.
Ekstra Bladet,105 25
544th Intelligence Group
Air Intelligence Agency, ECHELON ,
.
5.7
5.7.1
Margaret Newsham ( NSA)106
Margaret Newsham 1974 1984 Ford

Lockheed NSA.
NSA Fort George Meade Maryland ,
1977 1981 Menwith Hill,
. ,
Strohm Thurmond. 1978, ECHELON
,
.
, NSA,
,
. ,
SILKWORTH SIRE, ECHELON .
105
Bo Elkjaer, Kenan Seeberg, ECHELON singles out the Red Cross, A bombshell in the surveillance scandal: The
organization is a possible surveillance target, Ekstra Bladet, Denmark, 8.3.2000, http://cryptome.org/echelonred.htm
106
Bo Elkjaer, Kenan Seeberg, Echelon was my baby Interview with Margaret Newsham, Ekstra Bladet,
17.1.1999
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5.7.2
Wayne Madsen ( NSA)
Wayne Madsen107, NSA,

ECHELON. ,
.
ECHELON
Greenpeace. NSA
1.000
, , ,
.
,

.
5.7.3
Mike Frost (
)
Mike Frost 20
CSE108. , ,
.109 CBS
" , ECHELON,
, ,
".110 .
, CSE
,
.
,
, ,
, .111
, UKUSA
,
. , GCHQ CSE
,
.112
107
NBC "60 Minutes" 27.2.2000; http://cryptome.org/echelon60min.htm
108
Communication Security Establishment, , Sigint
109
NBC "60 Minutes" 27.2.2000; http://cryptome.org/echelon-60min.htm
110
Rtzer, Die NSA geht wegen Echelon an die ffentlichkeit

http://www.heise.de/bin/tp/issue/download.cgi?artikelnr=6633&rub_ordner=special
111
NBC "60 Minutes" 27.2.2000 http://cryptome.org/echelon-60min.htm
112
Channel 9 23.3.1999
http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/8789/sunday1.htm
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5.7.4
Fred Stock (
)
Fred Stock , , 1993

CSE,
.
,

(NAFTA), , .
Stock,
Greenpeace .113
5.8
5.8.1
CIA James Woolsey ,114

,
. , "
" (Economic Intelligence) 95%
, 5%
. Woolsey,

,
.
. Woolsey
,

,
. , ,

.
5.8.2
115
Menwith Hill ,
, NSA116,
,117 .118 2000,
113
Bronskill, Canada a key snooper in huge spy network, Ottawa citizen, 24.10.2000,
http://www.ottawacitizen.com/national/990522/2630510.html
114
James Woolsey, Remarks at the Foreign Press Center, Transcript, 7.3.2000, http://cryptome.org/echelon-cia.htm
115
Commons Written Answers, House of Commons Hansard Debares
116
12.7.1995.
117
25.10.1994
118
3.12.1997
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Menwith Hill 415 , 5

, 989 392 ,
GCHQ.119
120 ,

, .121
,
, .122
1999/2000 ,
,
.
NSA
, GCHQ
.123
5.8.3
124
Martin Brady, DSD125,

"Sunday" "Channel 9",
DSD
UKUSA.

.
,
.126
5.8.4
(5.4.2.2),

, ,
119
12.5.2000
120
12.7.1995
121
8.3.1999, 6.7.1999
122
3.12.1997
123
Intelligence and Security Committee (UK), Annual Report 1999-2000, . 14,

2000.
124
Martin Brady, DSD, 16.3.1999 Ross Coulthart, Sunday Program Channel 9,
http://sunday.ninemsn.com/01_cover_stories/transcript_335.asp;
http://sunday.ninemsn.com/01_cover_stories/article_335.asp
125
Defence Signals Directorate, SIGINT
126
Martin Brady, DSD, 16.3.1999 Ross Coulthart, Sunday Program Channel 9,

http://sunday.ninemsn.com/01_cover_stories/transcript_335.asp;
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, , ,
.127
5.8.5
19 2001,

.128
, ,
, ' ECHELON
, .
, ,

ECHELON, .
5.8.6
Luigi Ramponi, SISMI,

"il mondo"
"ECHELON".129 Ramponi , , SISMI,
ECHELON, 1992
, .
, 1991 SISMI,
.
5.9
17 1998 Elly Plooij-van Gorsel130

STOA

,
.
127
Domestic and External Secretariat des Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet von Neuseeland, Securing
our Nation's Safety. How New Zealand manages its security and intelligence agencies (2000).
, . 5.4.2.2
128
Brief aan de Tweede Kamer betreffende "Het grootschalig afluisteren van moderne telecommunicatiesystemen"
19.01.01
129
Francesco Sorti, Dossier esclusivo. Caso Echelon. Parla Luigi Ramponi. Anche i politici sapevano, Il mondo,
17.4.1998
130
P-0501/98 Elly Plooij van Gorsel () (17.1.1998).

14.5.1997 Jonas Sjstedt (H-0330/97)
17.1.1995 ,
ECHELON. . ,
(G-004/98) Nel van Dijk (H.0035/98)
, 18.2.1998

.
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EL
.131
,
.
, 132
.

.133 ,
,
.134
18 , Bangemann
, ,
. " ,
,
, , , .
. ,
, ." "

."135
5.10
5.10.1 R
R ECHELON
.
131
E-0499/98 Elly Plooij-van Gorsel () (27.2.1998),

E-1775/98 Lucio Manisco (/) (8.6.1998), H-1086/98
Patricia McKenna (16.121998), H-1172/98 Patricia
McKenna (13.1.1999), H-1172/98 Inger Schrling (13.1.1999),
H-0526/99 Pernille Frahm (6.10.1999), H0621/99 Lone Dybkjaer (19.11.1999), ..
132
E-1039/98 Nel van Dijk () (15.5.1998), E-1306/98

Cristiana Muscardini () (15.6.1998), E-1429/98 Daniela Raschhofer
() (25.6.1998), E-1987/98 E-2329/98
(3.9.1998, 25.9 1998), 1776/98 von Lucio Manisco (/)
, 3014/98 Paul Lannoye () (6.11.1998), H0547/99 Pernille Frahm , H-1067 Patricia McKenna ()
(16.12.1998), H-1237/98 Inger Schrling (13.1.1999),
H-0092/99 (13.1.1999), H0547/99 Pernille Frahm (6.10.1999), H-0622/99 Lone Dybkjaer
(17.12.1999) ..
133
Bangemann 25. 9. 1998 E-1776/98

Lucio Manisco (/)
134
Santer 3.9.1998 E1987/9

135
, Montag, den 14.9.1998, 7
: / Echelon
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"Rapport d'activits 1999", 3

ECHELO. ,
15 ,
Sret de l'Etat ? Service gnral du Renseignement (SGR) ?
ECHELON .
"Rapport complmentaire d'activits 1999" a
ECHELON. STOA

.
ECHELON
( 1% ),
,
,
. Menwith Hill ,
. ,
ECHELON.
5.10.2
,
.136 28.11.2000,
Arthur Paecht ECHELON
.
, Arthur Paecht
, ECHELON
. , ,
,
,
.
ECHELON ,
,

.
ECHELON
.
ECHELON
. ,
136
Rapport d'information dpos en application de l'article 145 du rglement par la Commission de la dfense
nationale et des forces armes, sur les systmes de surveillance et d'interception lectroniques pouvant mettre en
cause la scurit nationale, N 2623 Assemble nationale, enregistr la Prsidence de l'Assemble nationale le
11.10.2000.
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, ECHELON
.
5.10.3

,
"
ECHELON"137, 19 2000
.
ECHELON .
, "

UKUSA (, , ,
) ."
,

. ECHELON

.
SISMI

-.
6.
;
6.1.
6.1.1
, , ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
137
"Il ruolo dei servizi di informazione e sicurezza nel caso 'Echelon'." Relazione del comitato parlamentare per i
servizi di informatione e sicurezza e per il segreto di stato. Approvata nella seduta del 29 novembre 2000. Trasmessa
alle Presidenze il 19 dicembre 2000.
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EL
,
UKUSA.
6.1.2

.

, , ,
. , ,
, G8.
6.2.
,
.
, (65
W / 47 N), (61 W / 16 N)
(60 W / 14 N) , ,
(52 W / 5 N).
(45 O
/ 12 S) (55 O / 20 S)
. (165 O / 20
S), (176 W / 12 S) (150 W / 16 S).
DGSE
. 138
Kourou .
,
. , Domme,
, Alluetts-le-Roi . Jauvert
138
Jean Guisnel, L'espionage n'est plus un secret, The Tocqueville Connection, 10.7.1998
Vincent Jauvert, Espionnage, comment la France coute le monde, Le Nouvel Observateur, 5.4.2001, Nr. 1900, 14
RR\445698EL.doc
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30 . Erich Schmidt-Enboom139
, .
, ,
,
.
.
6.3.
SIGINT
FAPSI ( , Federalnoye
Agentstvo Pravitelstvennoy Svyazi) ,
GRU, , .
, FAPSI
, , ,
.140
, FAPSI 1997
.141
Lourdes (82W, 23N),
.

.142 ,
. Skrunda
1998.143
Cam Ranh Bay . ,
.
, ,
.
o .
6.4.
G-8
G8,
,
.
139
Erich Schmidt-Eenboom, Streng Geheim, Museumsstiftung Post und Telekommunikation Heidelberg (1999), 180
140
,
8.12.1995, 5 11
141
: Gordon Benett, Conflict Studies and Research Center, The Federal Agency of Government
Communications and Information, August 2000, http://www.csrc.ac.uk/pdfs/c105.pdf
142
Gordon Bennett, UK Ministry of Defence, The Federal Agency of Government Communications and
Information, Federation of American Scientists
143
Federation of American Scientists (FAS), http://www.fas.org
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7.
"ECHELON"
7.1

"ECHELON"
.144 ,
95/46 97/66 , 286
8 . 2 .
, .
, 5,
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, , ,

.
.145 ,
.
, STOA Campbell

,
. , CIA R. James Woolsey,
,
, ,
, .146
,
. ,
.
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7.2.1

,
. ,
,
,
, 95 ( 100) ,
. 95/46/
144
. , 1, 1.3
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. , 2
146
. , 5, 5.6. 5.8.
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147, 97/66/

148 "
149/150 , ,
( ,
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186 ,

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45/2001

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1995 L 281/31
148
1998 L 24/1
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150
97/66, 1 . 3
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152
() . 45/2001, 2001 L 8/1
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154
. 25 ,

, (13844/98 - C4-0692/98 - 98/0923(CNS),
C 219 30.7.1999, 61 .
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6 7, 6 . 2 ,
,

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, , ,
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, .
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,

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UKUSA. ,
,
.
,

,
"US-Persons".158
8.2

.159
160, 1966
17 .
, 41,
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161,
, ,
, ,
.
,
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". 7 ,
, .162 , 8
.

( ) ,
.
158
. 2000 "Legal Standards for the

Intelligence Community in Conducting Electronic Surveillance", http://www.fas.org/irp/nsa/standards.html,
(FISA), 50
36 U.S.C. 1801 . Exec. Order No. 12333, 3 C.F.R. 200 (1982), 50,
15 U.S.C. 401 ., http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/50/index.html.
159
12 . 17
; 7 , 8 ;
,
26./27.11.1993 C(92) 188/; 7
. .
STOA, Development of surveillance tehnology and risk of abuse of economic information; Vol 4/5: The legality
of the interception of electronic communications: A concise survey of the principal legal issues and instruments
under international, European and national law (Chris Elliot), october 1999, 2
160
,
16.12.1996
161

16.12.1966
162
" ,
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.
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.164
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.165
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,
.166
.167
. 8

2 , ,
" , Drozd Janousek, 26.6.1992, Z
91. . , Francis G. Jacobs, Robin C. A. White, The European Convention on Human Rights2,
Clarendon Press(1996), 21 ., Jochen Abr. Frowein, Wolfgang Peukert, Europische Menschenrechtskonvention,
N. P. Engel Verlag (1996), Rz 4 .
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, Klass .., 6.9.1978, Z 41.
165
, Malone, 2.8.1984, Z 83 ; Davy, B/Davy/U, Aspekte staatlicher Informationssammlung und Art

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Information, Vol 2/5 10 1999
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Nicht gerade zimperlich,

1992

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RR\445698EL.doc

1990
(
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Oldenburg

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1996
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CIA

1996
RR\445698EL.doc

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PE 305.391
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Lpez
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,
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Andreas Frster, . 137

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Justiz, edition iuscrim (1997)
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http://www.oecd.org/daf/nocorruption/20nov1e.htm
227
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF COUNSEL FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE, Legal Aspects of International
Trade and Investment, http://www.ita.doc.gov/legal/
228
http://www.oecd.org/daf/nocorruption/annex3.htm
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to US intelligence? 4.2000, Centre for European Reform
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12.2.2.3.

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1999
2004
A5-0264/2001
2
11 2001

( ECHELON)
2:
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: Gerhard Schmid
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Giuseppe di Lello, Pernille Frahm Alain Krivine

4
Patricia McKenna Ilka Schrder....................... 5
Jean-Charles Marchiani ........................................... 6
Maurizio Turco................................................... 7
I.:
........................................................................................ 8
II.: ................................................................................ 11
.:
............................................................ 17
1. .............................................................................. 17
2.
:
/ ............. 17
3.
........................................................................................ 18
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..................................................................................................... 19
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..................................................... 21
IV.: .................................................................................................... 179
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Giuseppe di Lello, Pernille Frahm Alain Krivine

Echelon
, ,
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.
,

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.

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.

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Patricia McKenna Ilka Schrder

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.

.
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.
,
. .
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.

.
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Jean-Charles Marchiani

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,
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Maurizio Turco
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.
.
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.
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I.:

1.
. Arthur PAECHT,
. Armand De DECKER,
. Anne-Marie LIZIN,
. Hans VAN HEVELE,
. Guilherme SILVA,
. Ludwig STIEGLER,
. Dieter ANTONI,
. Desmond OMALLEY,
2.
. Ernst UHRLAU, ,
. Harald WOLL, -,
3. ,
. Jos Manuel MENDES ESTEVES SERRA VERA, , Banco Espirito

Santo,
. Clive FEATHER, , Demon Internet Ltd,
. Jacques VINCENT-CARREFOUR,
, France Telecom
. Bruno PELLERO, ,
. Erhard MLLER, . Lutz BERNSTEIN, . Bernd SCHINKEN,
Aachen,
4. ECHELON
. Duncan CAMPBELL,
. Bo ELKJAER,
. Kenan SEEBERG,
. James BAMFORD, , D.C.
. Nicky HAGER,
RR\445599EL.doc
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5.
. Reinhard WOBST, Unix Software,
. Bernd ROELLGEN, Ciphers GmbH,
. Peter BAHR, Ciphers GmbH,
. Johan KEMPENAERS, KBC Bank,
. Leo VERHOEVEN, KBC Bank,
. Bart PRENEEL, , Lwen,
. Danny de TEMMERMAN,
. Desmond PERKINS,
6.
. Sorbas VON COESTER, Salamandre ( ),
. Christian HARBULOT, ,
. Thierry LA FRAGETTE, Circ,
. Ralf NEMEYER, Articon-Integralis,
7.
. Dimitri YERNAULT,
. Simon DAVIES, Privacy International,
. Jrme THOREL, Privacy International,
. Yaman AKDENIZ, Cyber Rights and Cyber Liberties, Leeds
. David NATAF, . Alexandre COSTE, Millet-Sala-Nataf ( ),
. Rdiger DOSSOW, ,
8.

Christopher PATTEN ( )
Antnio VITORINO ( )
Erki LIKKANEN ( )
. Lodewijk BRIET,
. Jacques DE BAENST,
. Franoise DE BAIL,
. Susan BINNS,

. Brian CROWE,
. Roland GENSON, ,

. Herv MASUREL,
Gunnar LUND,

. Christoph BOERSCH, . Wolfgang SCHUSTER, . Dominique DUBOIS,

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9.
, 18-19 2001
. Jean-Claude MALLET, SGDN (
)
. Bertrand DUMONT, , SGDN
. Claude-France ARNOULD, , SGDN
. Henri SERRES, ,
SGDN
. Stphane VERCLYTTE, , SGDN
. Philippe DULUC, , SGDN
. Grard ARAUD, , ,
. Olivier MOREAU, ,
. Eric PERRAUDAU, ,
. Jean-Pierre MILLET,
24-26 2001
. Tom KING, ,
. Alistair CORBETT, ISC,
. Donald ANDERSON, ,
. Bruce GEORGE, ,
. Jack STRAW,
. Michael GILLESPIE,
. Charles GRANT, , Centre for European Reform
. Casper BOWDEN, FIPR
,
D.C., 6-12 2001
H.E. Gnter BURGHARDT, Washington
D.C.
. James WOOLSEY, CIA
. Jeffrey RICHELSON, , National Security Archive, George Washington University
. Marc ROTENBERG, Electronic Information Privacy Centre
. Wayne MADSEN, Electronic Information Privacy Centre
. David SOBEL, Electronic Information Privacy Centre
. Barry STEINHARDT, Associate Director, American Civil Liberties Union
. Porter J. GOSS, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
. Nancy PELOSI, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
. Robert DAVIS, Deputy Counsel for the office of Intelligence Policy Review, US Department
of Justice.
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EL
Hager, Nicky, Exposing the global surveillance system, http://www.ncoic.com/echelon1.htm

Hoffmann, Wolfgang, Arbeitsgemeinschaft fr Sicherheit der Wirtschaft e.V. (ASW), Aktuelle
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(2000)
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Wirtschaft im Visier fremder Nachrichtendienste, 10/1998
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Leiberich, Otto, Vom diplomatischen Code zur Falltrfunktion - Hundert Jahre Kryptographie in
Deutschland, Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Juni 1999
Lyle Robert, Radio Liberty/Radio fre Europe, 10.Februar 1999
National Security Councils (NSC), Homepage, http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc
Madsen, Wayne in Fernsehinterview von NBC "60 Minutes" vom 27.2.2000,
http://cryptome.org/echelon-60min.htm
Paecht, Arthur, Rapport d'information dpos en application de l'article 145 du rglement par la
commission de la dfense nationale et des forces armes, sur les systmes de surveillance et
d'interception lectroniques pouvant mettre en cause la scurit nationale, N 2623 Assemble
nationale, enregist la Prsidence de l'Assemble nationale le 11 octobre 2000.
Paecht, Arthur, Rapport fait au nom de la Commission de la dfense nationale et des forces
armes sur la proposition de loi (N 1497) de . Paul Quils et plusieurs de ses collgues tendant
la cration d'une dlgation parlementaire pour les affaires de renseignement, enregistr la
Prsidence de l'assemble nationale le 23. novembre 1999
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Richelson, Jeffrey T., The U.S. Intelligence Community4, Westview Press, 1999
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Richelson, Jeffrey T., The National Security Agency Declassified, National Security Archive
Electronic Breefing Book no. 24, George Washington University
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Schmidt-Eenboom, Erich, Streng Geheim, Museumsstiftung Post und Telekommunikation
Heidelberg, (1999)
Schtze, Arno, Wirtschaftsspionage: Was macht eigentlich die Konkurrenz? P.. Magazin, Die
Moderne Welt des Wissens (1998)
Shane Scott, Bowman Tom, America's Fortress of Spies, Baltimore Sun, 3.12.1995
Simon Singh, Geheime Botschaften, Carl Hanser Verlag (1999)
Smith, Bradley F., The Ultra-Magic Deals and the Most Secret Special Relationship 1940-1946,
Presidio (1993)
Sorti, Francesco, Dossier esclusivo. Caso Echelon. Parla Luigi Ramponi. Anche I politici
sapevano, Il Mondo, 17.4.1998
State Department Foreign Press Center Briefing, Subject: Intelligence Gathering and
Democracies: The Issue of Economic and Industrial Espionage, Washington DC, 7.3.2000
Sddeutsche Zeitung, Haftstrafe wegen Spionage fr Russland, 30.5.2000
TPCC, Broschre ber das Advocacy Center, Oktober 1996
Thaller, Georg Erwin, Satelliten im Erdorbit. Nachrichten, Fernsehen und Telefonate aus dem
Weltall, Franzis Verlag, Mnchen (1999)
Weies Haus, Archive,
http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/direct/orders/tradepromotion.html
Wessely, Wolfgang, Das Fernmeldgeheimnis - ein unbekannts Grundrecht?, JZ 1999, 491 ff
Wirtschaftswoche "Antennen gedreht", Nr. 46/9, November 1999
Wirtschaftswoche "Nicht gerade zimperlich", Nr. 43/16, Oktober 1992
Wobst, Reinhard, Abenteuer Kryptologie, Adison-Wesley (1998)
Woolsey, James, Why America Spies on its Allies, The Wall Street Journal Europe, 22.3.2000
Woolsey, James, Remarks at the Foreign Press Center, Transskript, 7.3.2000,
http://cryptome.org/echelon-cia.htm
Wright, Steve, An appraisal of technologies for political control, STOA interim study (1998) PE
166.499/INT.ST.
Yernault, Dimitri, "Echelon" et l'Europe. La protection de la vie prive face l'espionnage des
communications, Journal des tribunaux, Droit Europen 2000, S. 187 ff.
RR\445599EL.doc
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Air Intelligence Agency (AIA), Homepage, http://www.aia.af.mil
Americas Military Community, Homepage, http://www.military.com
Barr, Bob, Barr moves to expose "project ECHELON", 9.11.1999,
http://www.house.gov/barr/p_110999.html
Bundesnachrichtendienst, Die Nachrichtendienste der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2000,
http://www.bundesnachrichtendienst.de/diensteb.htm
Bundesamt fr Verfassungsschutz, Spionage gefhrdet die Sicherheit und die Interessen unseres
Landes, 2001, http://www.verfassungsschutz.de/arbeitsfelder/spion/page.html
Campbell, Duncan, Somebodys listening, Theyve got it taped, 12.8.1988, New Statesman,
http://jya.com/echelon-dc.htm
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Homepage http://www.odci.gov/index.html
Commander Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet - Surveillance and Intelligence,
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Collingwood, John, Carnivore Diagnostic Tool, 16.8.2000, FBI-Press-Room http://www.fbi.gov/
Ecole de Guerre Economique, Homepage, http://www.ege.eslsca.fr/
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Homepage, http://www.fbi.gov
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Niederlndische Wirtschaftsspionage, 19.4.2000
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Wirtschaftsspionage, 3.2.2001
Freeh, J. Louis, Wirtschaftsspionage, 28.2.1996, Ansprache vor dem Senat, http://www.fbi.gov
General Dynamics, Seawolf Class, http://www.gdeb.com/programs/seawolf/
Gbel, Jrgen, Kommunikationstechnik, Grundlagen und Anwendungen, Hthig (1999)
Goss, J. Porter, Additional views of chairman Porter J. Goss, 2000,
http://www.aclu.org/echelonwatch/goss.htm
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und Technik (1999)
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http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/6728/1.html
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intelligence, 12.04.2000 http://www.nsa.gov/releases/DIR_HPSCI_12APR.HTML
Innenministerium Brandenburg, Abwehr von Wirtschaftsspionage, 1999
Kerr, . Donald, Congressional Statement on Carnivore Diagnostic Tool, 6.9.2000,
http://www.fbi.gov
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Developed by FBI, 24.7.2000, http://www.fbi.gov
Mass, Christian, Satelliten Signale anzapfen und auswerten, Satellitenspionage fr Einsteiger,
Franzis Verlag, Funkschau Telekom, Poing 1998
RR\445599EL.doc
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Mathiesen, Thomas, On Globalisation of Control: Towards an Integrated Surveillance System in

Europe, Statewatch Publication, 11.1999
Matschke, Klaus Dieter, Geheimdienste im Auftrag des Wettbewerbs, 5.9.1998, Seku Media
Verlag Ingelheim
National Security Agency (NSA), Homepage, http://www.nsa.gov/
Preneel, Bart, Relative Security of Cryptographic, 18.11.1998, Presentation on Conference on
Problems of Global Security
Schnleber, Claus, Verschlsselungsverfahren fr PC-Daten, Franzis Verlag, Poing 1995
Secretary of State for the Home Department, Interception of communication in the UK, Juni
1999
Snat et Chambre des reprsentants de Belgique, 14.2.2000, Rapport dactivits 1999 du Comit
permanent de contrle des services de renseignements et de scurit
Tenet, George, Statement by Director of Central Intelligence before the House Permanent Select
Committee on Intelligence, 12.4.2000, http://sun00781.dn.net/irp/congress/2000_hr/tenet.html
The United States Navy, Homepage, http://www.navy.mil
The US Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), Homepage
http://www.vulcan.belvoir.army.mil
The White House, Defending America's Cyberspace, National Plan for Information systems
protection Version 1.0, 2000, The White House 2000
Ulfkotte, Udo, Marktplatz der Diebe, Wie die Wirtschaftsspionage deutsche Unternehmen
ausplndert und ruiniert. Bertelsmann Verlag, Mnchen (1999)
V. Blow, Andreas, Im Namen des Staates. CIA, BND und die kriminellen Machenschaften der
Geheimdienste. Piper Verlag, Mnchen (1998)
Verfassungsschutz Brandenburg, Abwehr von Wirtschaftsspionage - eine Aufgabe des
Verfassungsschutzes, 1999, http://www.brandenburg.de/land/mi/vschutz/wispion.htm
Wall, Stephen, Stndiger Vertreter des Vereinigten Knigreichs bei der Europischen Union,
Brief an Kommissar Liikanen zu GCHQ, 21.3.2000
Wojahn, Jrg, Die globalen High-Tech-Schnffler, 1.9.2000, Der Standard
RR\445599EL.doc
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PE 305.391
EL
III.:

1.

,

.
,

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),

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EL

.

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RR\445599EL.doc
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EL
.

, ,
.
-

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.
3.3.

: 17
1995 ,
,
up-date (
ENFOPOL)
.
17 1995
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(international user requirements).

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RR\445599EL.doc
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EL

267
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1995. FBI
.

.
23.11.1995 ,
. ,
268.

.

, 23 1999269, "

" "" 1995.
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, 1995, ,
, .. nternet,
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(.. nternet).
270, .
271
267
. 10.037/95 ENFOPOL 112, .
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Van der Bellen, 4739/AB XX. GP
http://www.parlinkom.gv.at/pd/pm/XX/AB/texte/o4739_.html
268
Karl Schlgel (. )
Michiel Patijn
Jonas Sjdstaedt H-0330/97 14.5.1997 , "
" ( 17.1.1995)
, , .
269
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, 07.5.1999, C 279, . 498 01.10.

1999 C.
271
, 29 2000, , 34
,
. 2000 C 197/1, . 17 .
RR\445599EL.doc
176/210
PE 305.391
EL
.
17 ..
, .

,
, .
4.

,

. .
ILETS (International Law Enforcement Telecommunications Seminar)
ILETS FBI. 1993 FBI

Quantico .
, 272.
,
.
1994 ILETS
,
"international user requirements" (IUR 1.0 IUR 95).

, . IUR 1.0
17 1995
.
IUR
.
TREVI
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(
). TREVI ,
.

: " "

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272
. Schlgel
Van der Bellen, 4014/AB XX. GP.
http://www.parlinkom.gv.at/pd/pm/XX/AB/texte/AB04014_.html
RR\445599EL.doc
177/210
PE 305.391
EL
,
( , Internet, e-mail).

.
"ENFOPOL"
ENFOPOL ,
,
,
" "273.
ENFOPOL, .
273
Schlgels
Van der Bellen. 4739/AB XX. GP
http://www.parlinkom.gv.at/pd/pm/XX/AB/texte/040/AB04014_.html,
RR\445599EL.doc
178/210
Campbell ILETS, ENFOPOL 98:

http://heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/enfo/6396/1.html.
PE 305.391
EL
IV.:
UKUSA
RR\445599EL.doc
179/210
PE 305.391
EL
Heeresnachrichte
namt (HnA)
Abwehramt
(AbwA)
20 Abs 3
Militrbefugnisgesetz
(MBG) BGBl I
86/2000"
SIGINT
Stndiger Unterausschuss des

Landesverteidigungsausschusses zur
berprfung von
nachrichtendienstlichen Manahmen zur Siche-rung
der militrischen
Landesverteidigung
( 14

)
(Rechtsschutzbeauftrag
ter)
RR\445599EL.doc
180/210
Art 52a
Bundesverfassungsgesetz (B-VG);
32b ff
GeschftsordnungsG
1975
PE 305.391
EL
Sondereinheit fr
Observation (SEO)
6, 14, 15
Sicherheitspolizeigesetz (SPG, BGBl
566/1991 idgF);
SondereinheitenVerordnung (BGBl II
207/1998)
SIGINT
Stndiger Unterausschuss des

Ausschusses fr innere
Angelegen-heiten zur
ber-prfung von
Ma-nahmen zum
Schutz der verfassungsmigen Einrichtungen
und ihrer Handlungsfhigkeit
( 14

)
1
(Rechtsschutzbeauftragter)
RR\445599EL.doc
181/210
PE 305.391
EL
Service Gnral du
Renseignement et de
la Scurit des
Forces
armes(S.G.R.)
Loi du 30 novembre
1998 organique des
services de
renseignement et de
scurit
Sret de l'Etat
(V.S.)

RR\445599EL.doc
Loi du 30 novembre
1998 organique des
services de
renseignement et de
scurit
SIGINT

,
,

,
,

182/210
Comit permanent de
contrle des services de
renseignements et de
scurit (Comit
permanent R),

Service d'enqutes des
services de
renseignements
Comit
permanent R

Comit R
Loi du 18 juillet 1991

(VI) organique du
conrle des services
de police et de
renseignements

,

,

Comit permanent R

.
PE 305.391
EL
Forsvarets
Efterretningstjene
ste (FE(T))
"
"

Lov om forsvarets
forml, opgaver og
organisation m.v.
Lov 909 af 8/12/1993
["- "

FE(T)]
[

FET & PET]
SIGINT

,
,

,
,

RR\445599EL.doc
2 :
Kontroludvalget
vedrrende Politiets og
Forsvarets
efterretningstjenester
(Wamberg-udvalget)
(

)
Udvalget vedrrende
efterretningstjenesterne
183/210
PE 305.391
EL
SIGINT
efterretningstjenesterne
A
Politiets
Efterretningstjene
ste (PET)
"
"

[

FET & PET]

: ,
, .

( 5

Folketing)
Lov om etablering af
et udvalg om
forsvarets og politiets
efterretningstjenester
lov 378 af 6/7/88
:
370 (1998)
:
RR\445599EL.doc
184/210
PE 305.391
EL
Pesikunnan
tiedusteluosasto
"

"

RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT
Laki
puolustusvoimista N:o
402/1974 2
"
"
(

)
185/210
Poliisilaki 493/1995
33
"
"
Laki pakkokeinolain
muuttamisesta N:o
402/1995 15
"
"
"
"

PE 305.391
EL
Suojelupoliisi
(SUPO)
"
"

RR\445599EL.doc
Laki poliisin
hallinnosta N:o
110/1992, 1, 10 1.
ja 2. momentti
Asetus poliisin
hallinnosta N:o
158/1996 8
Laki poliisin
henkilrekistereist
N:o 509/1995 23, 9
"

"
"

"
SIGINT
186/210
PE 305.391
EL
Tullin
tiedusteluyksikk
"

"

RR\445599EL.doc
Tullilaki N:o
1466/1994
"
"
SIGINT
187/210
PE 305.391
EL
Direction gnrale
de la scurit
extrieure (DGSE)

Dcret n82-306 du 2
avril 1982
SIGINT
,
,

(
)
4100
.:1,7 .FF
RR\445599EL.doc

(

. 1951
2270)
Commission nationale
de contrle des
interceptions de scurit
(

)
1
1
188/210
PE 305.391
EL
Direction du
renseignement
militaire (DRM)
Dcret n92-523 du
16 juin 1992
Direction de la
surveillance du
territoire (DST)

RR\445599EL.doc
Dcret n82-1100 du
22 dcembre 1982
SIGINT

:
1700
.: 90 . FF

: 1500

,

.
189/210
PE 305.391
EL
Bundesnachrichtend
ienst (BND)

Bundesamt fr
Verfassungsschutz
(BfV)

Militrischer
Abschirmdient
(MAD)

RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT
Gesetz ber den

Bundesnachrichtendienst (BNDG), BGBl
1990 I 2954 idgF
Gesetz ber die

Zusammenarbeit des
Bundes und der
Lnder in Angelegenheiten des Verfassungsschutzes und
ber das Bundsamt
fr den Verfassungsschutz (BVerfSchG,
BGBl 1090 I 2954)
Gesetz ber den

milittischen Abschirmdienst (MADG)
BGBl 1990 I 2954
idgF
190/210
Parlamentarisches
Kontrollgremium
(PKGR)
G 10-Kommission
.
,
,

4
PKGR.
Gesetz ber die

Kontrolle
nachrichtendienstlicher Ttigkeit
des Bundes
(PKGrG)vom 17. Juni
1999 BGBl I 1334
idgF
5 Abs 5, 9 Abs 2-4

Gesetz zu Art 10
Grundgesetz
(G10-G) vom 13.
August 1968, BGBl I
949 idgF
(

,

,
,

1
.
PE 305.391
EL
()

(
:

)
RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT
1645/86

(

,

,

)

- ,
191/210

.
1

, 1
, 1

.

2225/1994
[
]
2472/1997

PE 305.391
EL
Garda Sochna
( )

Intelligence Staff
RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT

Interception of Postal
Packets and
Telecommunications
Messages
(Regulation) Act 1993
Joint Committee on
Justice, Equality and
Womens Rights

(
IRA),

,

192/210
PE 305.391
EL
SIGINT
Servizio per le
informazioni e la
sicurezza militare
(SISMI)
Servizio informazione
perative Segrete
(SIOS)

L. 24 ottobre 1977, n.
801, art. 4 Istituzione
e ordinamento dei
servizi per le
informazioni e la
sicurezza e disciplina
del segreto di Stato
Servizio per le
informazioni e la
sicurezza democratica
(SISDE)
L. 24 ottobre 1977, n.
801, art. 6 Istituzione
e ordinamento dei
servizi per le
informazioni e la

,
,

,
,

/

,
,

Direzione
investigazioni antimafia (DIA)

RR\445599EL.doc
193/210
(4 + 4
)

L. 24
1977, n. 801, art. 11
Istituzione e
ordinamento dei
servizi per le
informazioni e la
PE 305.391
EL
Service de
renseignement

Loi concernant la
protection des secrets
intressant la scurit
extrieure de l'tat
30 1960
SIGINT

120
*

* "

..
"
RR\445599EL.doc
194/210
(Loi du 26 novembre
1982 portant
introduction au code
d'instruction
criminelle des articles
88-1, 88-2, 88-3 et 884)
PE 305.391
EL
Militaire
Inlichtingendienst
MID, ,
, MIVD

Binnenlandse
Veiligheidsdienst
(BVD ,
, AIVD)

RR\445599EL.doc
Wet op de
inlichtingen- en
veiligheidsdiensten
Loi 635/87 du 3
dcembre 1987,
dernier amendement
loi 194/1999 du 19
avril 1999.
[

]
SIGINT
195/210
TweedeKamercommissie voor
de Inlichtingen- en
veiligheidsdiensten
"

"
17. Reglement van

orde van de Tweede
Kamer der StatenGeneral, Art. 22
"

22:

"
(4 :
4
)
PE 305.391
EL
Serviio de
Informaes
Estratgicas de
Defesa e Militares
(SIEDM)

Servio de
Informaes de
Seguranca (SIS)

RR\445599EL.doc
30/84 5
1984,

.
4/95 21
1995,
15/96 30
1996
75-A/97 22
1997
SIGINT

(

)

196/210
Conselho de
Fiscalizao dos
Servios de
Informaes (CFSI).

(Assembleia da
Repblica)

.

SIS
SIEDM
PE 305.391
EL
Centro Superior de
Informacin de la
Defensa (CESID)

R.D. 2632/1985 de
27.12.1985
(BOE 20.01.1986)
Estructura interna y
relaciones del Centro
Superior de la
Defensa;
.
R.D. 266/1996 de
16.02.1996
Modif. de la
estructura organica
del CESID
,
,
/

Direccin General de
la Guardia Civil
(GC)

RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT
L.Org. 2/1986 de
13.03.1986 (BOE
14.03.1986) de
Fuerzas y cuerpos de
seguridad
197/210
PE 305.391
EL
Direccin General
de la Policia

RR\445599EL.doc
SIGINT
198/210
PE 305.391
EL
Skerhetspolisen
(SPO)

Polislag (1984:387)
Frordning
(1989:773) med
instruktion fr
Rikspolisstyrelsen
"
(1984:387)
(1989:773)

"
SIGINT
:
-
-
-
- "
"

5
, 2

.
Frordning
(1989:773) med
instruktion fr
Rikspolisstyrelsen
Registernmnd,

8 .

,
,

.
Frordning
(1996:730) med
instruktion fr
Registernmnden
1999
800 .
1995 475 . SEK

(55.7 . )
RR\445599EL.doc
"
(1989:773)

"
199/210
"
(1986:730)

Registernmnden"
NPB

:
-

.
,

,
PE 305.391
EL
Militra
Underrttelse och
Skerhetstjnsten
(MUST)
"

"

Frsvarets
Radioanstalt (FRA)

(
RR\445599EL.doc
2000:130
2000:131

SIGINT
Frsvarets
underrttelsenmnd

1988:552

Frsvarets
underrttelsenmnd /

,

.
,

,
,
200/210
PE 305.391
EL
Goverment's
Communication
Headquarters
(GCHQ)
Intelligence Services
Act 1994
Secret Intelligence
Sevice (SIS) = MI6

RR\445599EL.doc
Act 1994
SIGINT

, ,
/

201/210
The Security Service

Commissioner

,

.
Act 1994. 8
The Investigatory
Powers Tribunal
Act 1994. 9
The Intelligence and

Security Committee
(ISC)

9
(

,

)
Act 1994. 10

Intelligence
Service,
GCHQ

.

Intelligence Service
GCHQ

,

Security
Service,
GCHQ.
PE 305.391
EL
Security Service =
MI5,

Defense Intelligence
Staff (DIS)

RR\445599EL.doc
Security Services Acts

1989 and 1996
SIGINT
(
IRA),

202/210
The Security Service

Commissioner
Security Service Act

1989. 4
The Intelligence and

Security Committee
Act 1994. 10

Intelligence
Service,
GCHQ

.
,

Security
Service,
GCHQ.

9 (

,

)
PE 305.391
EL
Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA)
Defense Intelligence
Agency (DIA)
RR\445698EL.doc
National Security Act

1947

Directive 5105.21
1961
Executive Order 11905

1976
DoD Directive 5105.21
1978 Executive Order
12036
1981 Executive Order
12333
203/210
Senate: Senate Select

Committee on
Intelligence (SSCI)
Senate Select Committee

on Intelligence (SSCI)
House Permanent Select
Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI
House of
Representatives: House
Permanent Select
Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI)
PE 305.391
EL
19
In
Ac
H.
Co
17
Ov
National Security
Agency (NSA)

of 4 December 1981
National Imagery and

Mapping Agency
(NIMA)
National Imagery and

Mapping Agency Act of
1996.
National
Reconnaissance Office
(NRO)
RR\445698EL.doc
204/210
SIGINT

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI
(SIGINT,
Bild)

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI
PE 305.391
EL
US Army Intelligence
(z.B Deputy Chief of
Staff for Intelligence,
Intelligence and
Security command
(INSCOM)

(December 4,1981)
Marine Corps
Intelligence Activity
(MCIA)
National Maritime
Intelligence Center
(NMIC)

(December 4, 1981)
Office of Naval
Intelligence (ONI)

(December 4, 1981)
RR\445698EL.doc
205/210
SIGINT

,

,


Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI
PE 305.391
EL
Air Intelligence Agency

(AIA)

(December 4, 1981)
Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI)
Title 28, United States

Code (U.S. Code),
Section 533
1908

1935.
Drug Enforcement
Administration
Executive Order on July

1, 1973
RR\445698EL.doc
206/210
SIGINT

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI

Committee on
Intelligence (HPSCI
PE 305.391
EL
Communication
Security Establishment
(CSE);

Canadian Forces
Supplementary Radio
System (CFSRS)
Canadian Security
(CSIS)

Director General
Intelligence Division
( Deputy
Chief of the Defence
Staff)

RR\445698EL.doc
Canadian Security
Intelligence Service Act
(CSIS Act) 1984

(Infosec),
SIGINT

(
Auditor General

)
(1
Ac
The Security
Intelligence Review
Committee (SIRC)

5

Ca
In
(C
207/210
PE 305.391
EL
Defence Signals
Directorate (DSD)

Defence Intelligence
Organisation (DIO)

208/210
SIGINT

signal intelligence.

(Infosec).
Inspector General of
Intelligence and Security
(IGIS)
(
)
Inspec
Intelli
Act 19
Inspector-General of
(IGIS)
(IGIS)

,

,

.
Australian Secret
(ASIS)
RR\445698EL.doc
PE 305.391
EL
Australian Security
Intelligence
Organisation (ASIO)
Office of National
Assessments

RR\445698EL.doc
The Australian Security

Intelligence
Organisation Act 1979
(the ASIO Act)
Office of National
Assessments Act 1977
209/210
SIGINT

,

.

.
Parliamentary Joint
Committee on the
Australian Security
Intelligence
Organization
(IGIS)
Se
Ac
(IGIS)
PE 305.391
EL
Government
Communications
Security Bureau
(GCSB)

1977

.

(Government
Communications
Security Bureau Bill)

.
,

(Infosec).

SIGINT

Committee
(,

, 3
)
New Zealand
Security Intelligence
Service (SIS)
New Zealand Security

Intelligence Service Act
1969
,

,

.
External Assessments
Bureau
(EAB)
RR\445698EL.doc
210/210
PE 305.391
EL
The In
of Inte
Securi
The In
Securi
1996

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INTELSAT Indian Ocean

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INTELSAT Zone-Beams Spot-Beams

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