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+
A .
*
R
.
*
. 5
3 +
()
f (x) = |x| ! g(x) = x2
+
.
-
f
R !
- x2
, - - x R.
R ' . " - |x| = x2
x R
()
f (x) =
x3 + x2
x
g(x) =
x + x2
x
x = 0.
. ! -
R {0} !
- x R {0} -
f (x) =
x + x2
x3 + x2
=1+x=
= g(x).
x
x
) * *
,
()
f (x) =
x + x2
x
g(x) = 1 + x
. ! -
.
"
.
x + x2
R {0} ! R " -
,
x
1 + x. ! D
;
"
-
g . 3
-5
4
-
- D
x
A
.
x(1 + x)
x + x2
=
= 1 + x x = 0,
f (x) =
x
x
"
f
f (x) = 1 + x,
x = 0
g
y
x
f (x) = x + 1
x = 0
x
g(x) = x + 1
*1 :
>
D1 ! D2
*
"/ R !
f : D1 R ! g : D2 R
+
;
,
*
() " + f + g :
f + g
!
D1 D2 ! ! (f + g)(x) = f (x) +
g(x) x D1 D2 0 /.
f + g : D1 D2 R,
(f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x)
x D1 D2
( ) "
f g +
) g .
g .
g : D2 R
(g)(x) = g(x)
x D2
(g)(x) = g(x)
x D2
g : D2 R,
0%
f ! g .
f g
f g = f + (g).
" -
f g D1 D2 ! -
f g : D1 D2 R,
(f g)(x) = f (x) g(x)
x D1 D2
() f g
f g .
.
!
D1 D2 ! ! (f g)(x) = f (x)g(x)
x D1 D2
f g : D1 D2 R,
(f g)(x) = f (x) g(x)
x D1 D2 > f = g . f 2
f f
( ) f /g > %
f ! g .
)
g .
1/g
D =
D2 {x : x D2 , g(x) = 0} ! ! (1/g) (x) = 1/g(x)
x D
1
1
1
: D R,
(x) =
g
g
g(x)
x D
f ! 1/g A .
f /g
1
f
=f
g
g
) * *
,
' -
" . -
f /g
D = D1 D2 {x : x D1 D2 , g(x) = 0}
!
f
f (x)
(x) =
g
g(x)
f
: D R,
g
x D
3
+
(1) :
f (x) =
f g . f g . f /g ! -
x ! g(x) = 1 x :
f + g .
2 ;
f + g ! f g
y
f +g
g(x)= 1x
f (x)= x
f g
0
*4
+
f
Dom(f ) = {x R | x 0} = [0, ),
- g
Dom(g) = {x R | 1 x 0} = (, 1].
,,
*
'
.
f + g . f g ! f g
(, 1] [0, ) = [0, 1],
f /g
[0, 1] {x : 1 x = 0} = [0, 1] {1} = [0, 1).
+
" f g ! f /g
y
f /g
g(x)= 1x
f (x)= x
f g
0
*5
(2) >
f (x) =
x ! g(x) = cos x +
R !
.
f + g . f g ! f g
! R +
f /g
.
. ! .
Dom(f /g) = R {(2n + 1)/2 : n Z}
F f /g - %
! ! f + g .
f g ! f g
) * *
,$
y
f g
f +g
f g
- 12
12-
*
(3)
f (x) = x3 ! g(x) = x2 1. *
13 f (x) ! 2g(x)
2
%
-
y
y
g(x)=x2 1
f (x)=x3
x
3
f (x)
= x3
3
2g(x)=2x2 2
*
( ) " +
f g 9 g f >
g
*
f .
f g
f ! g
(f g)(x) = f (g(x))
x D1
,1
*
g
D2
D1
Im(g)
g(x)
f (g(x))
f g
*
8
2
*
g # f 3
& ! x
g ! g(x)& * f (g(x))
g(x) f + & g(x) D1 $
* g
f f g $
D1
D2
Im(f )
f (x)
g(f (x))
gf
*
%
-
.
g f
(g f )(x) = g(f (x))
) * *
,4
x D1 !
f 5
g ; Im(f ) Dom(g) = D2 '
. f g = g f
8
2
*
3 f g ! g g * & & &
f g = g f
3
+
+
*
f (g(x)) ! g(f (x)).
,
.
-
1 * .
" 7
!
/.
! K L
- -
(1) :
f (x) = x3 2x 1 ! g(x) = 2x + 3. f (g(x)) !
g(f (x))
2
f (x) = x3 2x 1.
-
f (g(x)) = (g(x))3 2(g(x)) 1
= (2x + 3)3 2(2x + 3) 1
= 8x3 + 36x2 + 50x + 20
! ! - g(x) = 2x + 3.
g(f (x)) = 2(f (x)) + 3
= 2(x3 2x 1) + 3
= 2x3 4x 2.
(2) :
f (x) =
g(f (x))
x2 1 ! g(x) = ln(x + 1). f (g(x)) !
$5
*
2
x2 1. -
f (g(x)) = (ln(x + 1))2 1 = ln2 (x + 1) 1
>
f (x) =
>
.
- g(x) = ln(x + 1).
g(f (x)) = ln(f (x) + 1) = ln( x2 1 + 1).
(3) H.
. f g ! g f .
"
() f (x) = x ! g(x) = 1 x
() f (x) = x ! g(x) = 9 x2
() f (x) = |x| ! g(x) = x2 4
() f (x) = x2 1 ! g(x) =
x
2 -
f g Im(g)
Dom(f ) >
. Im(f ) Dom(g)
( ,
g f ' (
.
!
"
() +
!
f [0, ).
-
!
g = R
- Im(f ) Dom(g)
- g f ,
!
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g( x) = 1 x,
x [0, )
" - f g
! -
-
,
. -. Im(g) Dom(f ) >
.
g
*
(, 1]. !
7
g .
5
" [0, )
!
- Im(g) Dom(f ).
,
f g ;
(f g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f (1 x) = 1 x,
x [0, )
() @
!
f ' .
g R
(, 9] :
" . Im(f )
Dom(g).
g f , !
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g( x) = 9 ( x)2 = 9 x,
) * *
x [0, )
f g
,
(
(a)
D
"
(a).
.
*
>
.
*
- -
.
.
" .
-
6
. , + &
* . !
' *
.
(b). - f g
, .
g
% - ,
3 %
4 '
.
%% - f g , !
"
(f g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f (9 x2 ) = 9 x2 .
0%
5
' - /(
,
% ,
".
-
f g
Dom(f g) = {x R : 9 x2 0} = [3, 3].
'
.
g
" [3, 3] !
g .
(
f g
' 0 / ,
. 5
,
2
' *
.
f (x) =
x ! g(x) = 1x .
g f ,
(
*
A
. f g
, ! ! %
*
R - g
*
5
,
f g <
5 =
() +
f / g R.
-
"
[0, ) ! [4, ) : -/ ,
(f g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f (x2 4) = |x2 4|
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g(|x|) = |x|2 4 = x2 4
*
x R
()
f g ! g f ,
!
(f g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f (
x) = (
x)2 1 =
2 x 1 = cos2 x
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g(x2 1) =
x2 1
x R
8
2
*
, * 1
" & & f1 , f2 , . . . , fn& 1
D1 , D2 , . . . , Dn $ & f = f1 + f2 + + fn
f (x) = f1 (x) + f2 (x) + + fn (x)
! Dom(f ) = D1 D2 . . . Dn $
,
*
7
"
%
-
"
.
"
H
8 -
-
-
() "
>
a, b R
g(x) = a. h(x) = b ! j(x) = x
! f
f =gj+h
!
R " -
f (x) = (g j)(x) + h(x)
= g(x)j(x) + h(x)
= ax + b
x R
) * *
$
2
'
+
" " x.
() > a = 0.
f (x) = b
() > b = 0.
f (x1 + x2 ) = f (x1 ) + f (x2 )
, , x1 , x2 R
() > a = 0.
f
* x
-
b
% *
x = 0
1 a
a
!
m
a = m > 0.
- y = mx + b
* x ! 0
90 .
-
a = m < 0.
- y = mx + b
* x ! 90
180
m>0
m<0
(0,b)
(0,b)
mb
mb
* #
( ) "
+ >
a0 , a1 , . . . , an R
n N ! an = 0
gi (x) = ai . i = 0, 1, . . . , n ! j(x) = x
!
n
;
f = g0 + g1 j + g2 j 2 + + gn j n
$
*
!
R : -
f (x) = ao + a1 x + a2 x2 + + an xn
x R 0
1 a0 , a1 , . . . , an
+
.
an + ! a0
3
+
()
. . 1 .
*
7
() :
f (x) = 2x x5 + 3 x2 + 7
5
f (x) = 1 23 x6 + x
6
3
p(t) = 4t 2
3
h(x) = 3
0
() *
;
p(x) = 3x2 + 1/3.
g(x) = 1 x + x3 2 x6 .
x
x2
x3
xn
hn (x) = 1 + +
n N
+
+
1!
2!
3!
n!
3
f (s) = 1 s
()
f (x) = x. g(x) = x2 . h(x) = x3 !
l(x) = x4
*
0
-
n
* x n7" .
-
" x
% % % (-
. %
7
*
+
.
an !
+
. an > 0 !
.
x ( % (- %
%
.
5
7
) * *
$
y
g(x) = x2
h(x) = x3
f (x) = x
l(x) = x4
x
*, #
+
%
.
an
"
" .
;
y
an <0
an >0
an >0
an <0
n par
n impar
*$
() "
D
f
A .
f=
p
,
q
p ! q
! .
$,
*
f
*
D = R {x : x R, q(x) = 0}.
3
+
() g(x) =
1x
D = R {1}
1+x
+
. 1
q .
q(x) = 1 + x x = 1.
- D = R {1}
2x3 + x 1
() f (x) =
D = R
x(x2 4)
{2, 0, 2}
q(x) = x(x2 4)
"
x(x2 4) = 0
x(x 2)(x + 2) = 0
x = 2, 0, 1
% q(x) = 0
(
q
'
f D = R {2, 0, 2}
() :
!
f (x) =
!
R {0}
;
%
$ !
%
1
1
! g(x) = 2 .
x
x
&
. 7
1
1
"
.
f (x) = ! g(x) = 2
x
x
) * *
$$
y
1
f (x) =
x
Esta funcion tiene la particularidad que su graco no corta
a ninguno de los ejes de coordenadas por mas que se le prolongue. Cuando una curva se
aproxima de ese modo a una
recta se dice que la recta es una
asntota de la curva. Como lo
muestra el graco, ella decrece
estrictamente tanto en el intervalo (, 0) as como en el intervalo (0, ).
*1 #
g(x) =
1
x2
Esta funcion, similar a 1/x,
nunca corta a los ejes de coordenadas. Ella es siempre positiva, es estrictamente creciente
en en el intervalo (, 0) y decrece estrictamente en el intervalo (0, ).
*4 #
$1
*
( ) " 2
> f : X R
.
) f . ! .
- f . !
(f )(x) = f (x),
x Dom(f ) = X
-
f .
. f .
" f
" !
"
"
3
+
+
. * f
f (x) = x3 3x
f (x) = cos x
f (x) = x
2
f ! f
f (x) = x3 3x
y
f (x) = x3 3x
Dom(f ) = R
Im(f ) = R
y = x3 3x
x
y = x3 + 3x
f (x)
Dom(f )
Im(f )
= x3 + 3x
= R
= R
) * *
$4
f (x) = cos x
y
f (x) = cos x
f (x) = cos x
f (x) =
Dom(f ) =
Im(f ) =
2
cos x
R
[1, 1]
f (x) =
Dom(f ) =
Im(f ) =
cos x
R
[1, 1]
f (x) = x
y
f (x) =
Dom(f ) =
Im(f ) =
ex
R
(0, )
y = ex
x
y = ex
f (x) =
Dom(f ) =
Im(f ) =
ex
R
(, 0)
( ) !;
> g(x) = x ! f : X R
!
[0, ).
g f , !
$"
f 0 .
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = f (x)
x Dom(f ) = X " -
f
- x R -
f (x) 0A .
X = {x R : f (x) 0}
>
f . - g f .
, /
! g f , .
%
g f
"
;
f (x) 0.
15
*
3
+
H
() h(x) = x + 3
() F (x) = x2 + 1
x
() G(x) =
x1
() q(x) = ln x
2
() +
h Dom(h) = {x R : x + 3 0}
y
f (x) =
x+3
x
"
x + 3 0.
-
h
[3, )
() +
F
Dom(F ) = {x R : x2 + 1 0}.
- x2 + 1 0 " - x R.
.
F R
() :
" .
G
x
0 .
Dom(G) = x R :
x1
x
0
x 7
x1
(, 0] (1, ).
G
) * *
() D
"( +
q
Dom(q) = {x R : ln x > 0}.
3
ln x > 04 '
.
,
E(x) = x
! ln x > 0.
E(ln x) > E(0)A
ln x > 0
ln x
>
x>1
K
x
L
K
x L
' .
q . Dom(q) = (1, )
( ) @
> f : X R
!
g(x) = |x|
"
g f , !
)
! f '
.
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = |f (x)|
x Dom(f ) = X
C
.
|f (x)|
" f
". *
" f " -
f (x) 0
x X .
|f (x)| = f (x)
3
+
() %
x
x2 + 1
M f (x) =
() H
() f (x) = |x3 2x + 1|
2 x2
() f (x) =
1+x
() f (x) = |cos x|
2
x2
x
! |f (x)| =
+1
*
y
y
f (x) =
x
x2 +1
|f (x)| = x2x+1
*,5
() +
f
h(x) = x3 2x + 1 ! 5
1 R
2 x2
() +
h(x) =
R{1} !.
. 5
1+x
f
() +
f R
() %
f (x) = x2 1 ! |f (x)| =
|x2 1|
y
f (x) = x2 1
|f (x)| = |x2 1|
*,
()
+
> f : X R
.
7
f
f = f+ f
) * *
1
f + , f
.
x Dom(f ) = X .
f + (x) =
f (x) 0,
f (x) < 0,
f (x)
0
f (x) =
f (x) f (x) 0,
f (x) > 0.
0
" -;
f + ! f
" A . f + (x) 0 ! f (x) 0
x X
|f | = f + + f
)
0 f + ! f .
"
.
) f
!
3
+
f . f + ! f
y
f (x)=x4 x2
y
f+
f
x
*,
($) " +
> a R
0 < a = 1 > f : X R
!
(0, ) ! g(x) = loga x.
1
*
g f , !
$ f >
(g f )(x) = g(f (x)) = loga f (x)
x Dom(f ) = X " -
f
x R
f (x) > 0A .
X = {x R : f (x) > 0}.
3
+
H
() f (x) = ln(2x 1)
x+2
() g(x) = log
x
() h(x) = ln(ln x)
() F (x) = ln(x)
2
() ' %
f "
2x 1 > 0 +
" ( 12 , ) +
f .
.
Dom(f ) =
1
, .
2
x+2
() @ -
q(x) =
R {0}.
x
g
x+2
>0 .
Dom(f ) = x R {0} :
x
"
-
Dom(g) = (, 2] (0, ).
) * *
1
() +
p(x) = ln x (0, ).
h
Dom(h) = {x (0, ) : ln x > 0}
! - (1, )
() +
F
Dom(F ) = {x R : x > 0} = (, 0).
@ % " .
&. -
.
f ! g
.
.
"A . f g = g f '
-
" A . f g = g f . !
I A . f (g(x)) = g(f (x)) = x.
-
-
"
X Y
-
** .
2
/
R
f : X Y
{(y, x) : (x, y) f }
f
f 1
1/f
8
2
*
4 f : X Y #! & & f 1&
Y ! X f 1 : Y X
5# & & (x, y) f
! (y, x) f 1 $ &
y = f (x)
!
x = f 1 (y)
f (f 1 (x)) = x x Y
f 1 (f (x)) = x x X
$
1,
*
# " f ! g
f g =gf
$ " &
p, q > 0& ! f (x) = xp ! g(x) = xq & # "
f (g(x)) = g(f (x)) = xpq $ 3 p = 1/q& f g = g f !
f g $
3 " #! f : X Y &
f 1 #
f
y = x$
y
y = f 1 (x)
x
y = f (x)
)
*
f 1
. ) . f & 6
*
&
. & &
$"
&
f (x) = 3x + 2
) . f " x
3 : 2 6
)
" x !
2 )
3
$
# !
)
!
& + f f 1 = f 1 f
) * *,
1$
3 +
(1) f (x) = x + b
(2) f (x) = ax
(3) f (x) = ax + b
(4) f (x) = 1/x
(5) f (x) = 3x3 + 4
f 1 (x) = x b
x
f 1 (x) =
a
x
b
f 1 (x) =
a
1
f (x) = 1/x
3 x 4
1
f (x) =
3
(1) +
. ! - f
.
- !7
" >
R
f (f 1 (x)) = f (x b)
f
(f (x)) = f
= (x b) + b = x
x R
(x + b)= (x + b) b = x
x R
(2). (3) ! 4
E (4)
g(x) = x3 !". !
5
3g @ - f
%
3g . - f !" !
"
f 1 .
f (f 1 (x)) = 3(f 1 (x))3 + 4= 3
f
(f (x)) =
f (x) 4
3
=
x4
3
3
+4=x
x R
(3x3 + 4) 4
=x
3
x R
!
@ % " !
( ! "
5
. /
,
!
7
/ +
-
11
*
&
! .
5
7
,
%
%% -
"
/
.
*
.
-
, !
*
-
*,* .
?
/ (
)
& x, & x, & x, & x, & x & x
ex
2
x + ex
(!) & x =
2
&
x
x ex
= x
() & x =
& x e + ex
1
() & x =
& x
1
( ) & x =
& x
1
() & x =
& x
x R
( )
& x =
0
"
%
() :
() f (x) =
% x
>
R
+
.
/
7
x ! x
>
R
+
. " . f (x) = f (x)
x R
x
x
x
x
) * *,
14
y=
ex
2
x
y = e2
y = senh x
+ !"
F
f (x) =
% x
f : R R,
() f (x) = % x
y
y = cosh x
y=
ex
2
y=
ex
2
>
R
+
"A . f (x) > 0
x R
>
[1, ). ! - f (x) 1
x R
+
A . f (x) = f (x)
x R
+
(, 0) !
[0, )
F !"
45
*
F
f : R R,
f (x) = % x
() f (x) =
% x
y
1
y = tanh x
x
1
>
R
+
R
>
(1, 1)
+
A . f (x) = f (x)
x R
+ !"
F
f : R R,
f (x) =
% x
() f (x) = % x
>
R {0}
+
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Captulo
D
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p
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