What are Leaf Scars for A leaf scar is the area left behind when a leaf breaks free

from a stem or a branch. When aleaf falls from a tree, the petiole softens and the leaf breaks free and falls. The petiole is the part of the leaf that connects it to the stem or branch of the plant. At the time the petiole breaks free, it severs all of the vessels through which food and water travel. After breaking free from the plant, the small area on the stem that is left open heals over and leaves a distinctive mark. This mark is easy to spot, as it is normally lighter than the stem. The mark is also speckled with dots which are located where the vessels used to be connected. These vessels are grouped together in clusters called bundle scars. Both the leaf scar and the bundle scars within are very useful for identifying plant species during the winter months. What are the small pores found in the leaf scars?

Buds
In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots, or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in zoology, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual.

Lower part Petiole

Arrangement of vascular bundle

Stem vascular bundles in a ring Herb

An herb (US qualities.
[3]

/rb/ or UK /hb/)

[1][2]

is a plant that is valued for flavor, scent, medicinal or other

Herbs are used in cooking, as medicines, and for spiritual purposes.

Xylem and phloem as complex tissue

Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cells and they work together as a unit. They transport water, salt and prepared food material to various parts of the plant body Aspect diff of woody and herbaceous

However, the amount of primary xylem, vascular cambium, and primary phloem is greater, and they form a complete cylinder

Twigs
first of all twigs are refered only for stems wich are just days old.after 2 years they form branches.after 2 years in a woody branch we can find both primary and secondary growth.

Tree killing Bark is the outermost layer of trees and other woody plants. It serves to protect the living tissues of the plant. Cutting the bark can damage these tissues. If damage is extensive, it may kill the tree monocots Have no vascular cambium Fleshy leaves

The fleshy leaves store food and water Function of underground stem
1) Perennation- to tied over unfavourable period. 2) Storage of food- food stored is edible. 3) Vegetative reproduction- new plants are being produced from underground stem herbaceous

2) Green Woody Woody,