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contact@moemaka.org
Moemaka, PO Box 320-207, San Francisco CA 94132-0207, USA
Phone: (510) 854 - 6501
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23
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24
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onf/
(1) 4 - 3 - 2 enf;
(2) 4 - 3 - 1 enf;
(3) 4 - 1 enf;
(4) 4 - 2 enf;
(5) 3 - 1 enf;
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27
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29
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1/ jruefom
awmifusacsmif;aw;? a&0ifajy;vSnfh
a&at;MunfpGm? uefydkifrmvsuf
Mumaygif;xHkxHk? iSufrsKd;pHkonf
bHk0wom? eEmayavm
wlpG[kwm/
2/ odk;uav
ykym;ewfawmif
tacgifjrifhzsm;? pHkawmjym;
eHY&Sm;BudKifvGifh? cgwefyGifhonf
a&TESifh,dk;rSm;? yef;pum;/
odk;uav
pum;yGifhESifh
EIdif;wifhEdk;onf? &JrsKd;orD;
armifBuD;ESr? nufvSjympif
r,fhonfyifonf c&D;om;/
odk;uav
NrdwfvGwfpkvnf;
ti,fwnf;u? uGrf;0ifMuonf
arG;zwl&if;? rsKd;onfrif;ESifh
cspfjcif;pkHk;? oufxufqHk;onf
ESvHk;rjcm;? apmifhw&m;/
aqGrdrif;
rsufokwfeDpif
30
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
&xnf;zsifESifh? usKdif;pifjr0g
rwfBuD;vsmudk
r,fomBudKufrd? wkr&Sd/
3/ oHa0*vuFm
- toufpnf;pdrf? cEmtdrfum;? wdrfwcJeuf? Munfh,if; ysufodkY? rsufpdatmufwGif?
aysmufvGifhpOf? ocFg&puf? olYydkifeuf? oGufoGufvnfum? yg&&Smonf? cEmtedpygwum;/
bHkeef;wdkuftdrf? olYpnf;pdrfESifh? *kPfod&farmufNzdK;? bkef;wefcdk;vnf;? rdk;odkYcsKef;ap?
ynmawGvnf;? awmifajrw&Sd? pGrf;owdvnf;? rd*&mZm? odkYjzpfygvnf;? ocFg&rif;? olYajc&if;?
acGpif;rmefcsKd;? OD;TwfvQKd;onf? bkef;rsKd;ru,fEdkifygwum;/
- yk*dKvfwGifrnf? ac:Murnfum;? azGenf&if;jrpf? &Smppfaomf? jzpfvQifysufjim;? cEm
ig;wnfh? w&m;xifrI? rl&if;Iu? ESpfck {uef? kyfESifhemrfwnfh? azmufjyefwwfvS? ocFg&rdkY? edp
cdkifusnf? jrJrwnfonf? ysufrnfrkcsygwum;/
v,fwDy@Dw OD;armifBuD;
4/ olwnf;wpfa,muf? aumif;zdkYa&mufrl? olwpfa,mufrSm? ysufvifhumom? "rwmwnfh/
- a&Ttdrfeef;ESifh? MuiSmef;vnf;cH? rwfaygif;&Hvsuf? aysmfpH &dyfNidrf? pnf;pdrfruGm? rif;csrf;
omum;? ork'&m? a&rsufESmxuf? cPwufonfh? a&yGufyrm? wpfoufvsmwnfh/
- Muifemoem;? ightm;rowf? ,ckvTwfvnf;? rvGwfMurm? vlwumwdkY? cEmcdkifusnf?
twnfrjrJ? azmufvGJwwfonf? rcGwf pom? ow0gwnfh/
- &Sdcdk;aumfa&mf? ylaZmftuGef? yefcJhwHk\? cdkufMuHK0dyguf? oHompuf? BudKufvwfwGefrl?
wHkYr,lvdk? MunfndKpdwfoef? ocifrGefudk? csefbdppfppf? tjypfrJha&;? cGifhvQifay;\? aoG;onftedpm?
ighcEm wnfh/
teEol&d,
avhusifhcef;
1/ av;vHk;pyfvuFm\ t"dym,fudk &Sif;jyyg/
2/ 4 - 2 pyfenf;ac: &xm;ajy;pyfenf;udk uAsmerlemjy &Sif;jyyg/
3/ atmufygtaMumif;t&mwdkYudk vuFmwdkrsm; zGJYyg/
(u) ausmif;om,m
(c) vli,fhtm;rmef
(*) rdk;OD;Icif;
4/ atmufygvuFmwGif um&efrsm;udk&Sm um&ef,lyHkpepfudkyg azmfjyyg/
a&Ttdrfeef;ESifh? MuiSef;vnf;cH
rwfaygif;&Hvsuf? aysmfpH&dyfNidrf
pnf;pdrfruGm? rif;csrf;omum;
ork'&m? a&rsufESmxuf
cPwufonfh? a&yGufyrm
wpfoufvsmwnfh/ /
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
31
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
32
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (7)
&wk
&wkt"dym,f
&wkqdkonfrSm obif? tcrf;tem;? tajctae[l t"dym,f &Sdaom jrefrmpum;jzpfonf/
tcsKdUu ouwbmom ]&dwk}rSqif;ouf &wkjzpfvmonf[k rdefYqdkMuonf/ &dwk [laom
ouwpum;onf tcg&moD[k t"dym,f&onf/
&wkpyfenf;
&wkpyfenf;rSm vuFmpyfenf;uJhodkYyifjzpfonf/ 4 - 3 - 2 enf;? 4 - 3 - 1 enf;? 4 1 enf; paom pyfenf;wdkYjzifh um&ef,l&onf/ odkY&mwGif tydk'fta&twGufudkvkduf &wktrsKd;tpm;
oHk;rsKd;cGJxm;onf/
(1) {uydk'f &wk
(2) ydk'fpHk &wk
(3) tjznfhcH &wk
[ljzpfonf/
(1) {uydk'f &wk
wpfydk'fwnf;om a&;pyfaom &wkudk {uydk'f&wk[kac:onf/ pyfenf;rSm vuFmpyfenf;
twdkif;jzpf &wkcs&mwGif cdkifGefYcufjzm csenf;ac: ckepfvHk;csenf;udk toHk;rsm;onf/
ukef;abmifacwfOD; pmqdk vuf0JokE& trwfBuD;\ ]]tqdkifqdkifvQif}}tpcsD rJZmopfawmbGJY
{uydk'f&wkudk Munfhyg/ tydk'f wydk'f wnf;jzifh rJZmopfawm\ oabmokyfudk ay:vGifatmif
jcHKiHkzGJYqdkxm;onfudk awGYEdkifygonf/
]]tqdkifqdkifvQif? awmNrdKifvnfvSnfh? urf;vHk;jynfhrQ? IMunfhav&m? aMumufzG,fomwnfh?
jymjymvGvG? rdIif;ysarSmifarSmif? awmESifhawmifvnf;? wdrfawmifrdk;&Sd? axG;,SufNidrSs? vGrf;rdpzG,f?
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
33
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
35
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
vQif;
jzifh
tHh
bl;
rS
wnf ;
vsuf
onf
awmh
wdkY
rlum;
wGif
avm
aom
u
csnf;
aMumifh
pdrfh
um;
iSm
0,f
\
wHk
rl avm
vdrfhpG
[l
xuf
ESifh
avmh
&Sifh
om;
ydrfh
rHh(wnfh)
&um;
wHh
cJh
rdkY
wHkY
wrHkY
wrifh
vSnfh
aomf
rl
vnf ;
enf;
vnf
vifh
odkY
(ESifh) udk
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
37
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
38
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (*)
a'G;csKd;
a'G;csKd;t"dym,f
tcsKd; ESpfcsKd;yg0ifaom uAsmrsKd;jzpfonf/ yxrtcsKd;udk tcH[lvnf;aumif;? tcsD[l
vnf;aumif;ac: 'kwd,tcsKd;ukd ttkyf [lvnf;aumif;? tcs [lvnf;aumif; ac:onf/
ESpfqpfcsKd; [lvnf; ac:Muao;onf/
a'G;csKd;pyfenf;
tcsKd;ESpfcsKd;&Sdonfhteuf tcHcsKd;wGif tenf;qHk; ESpfydk'fjzifha&;NyD; ttkyfcsKd;wGif tenf;qHk;
ESpfydk'fjzifh tkyfavh&Sdonf/
2 ydk'fcH - 2 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
2 ydk'fcH - 3 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
3 ydk'fcH - 3 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
3 ydk'fcH - 4 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd; ponfjzifh pdwful;Pf&Sdoavmuf uGefYjrL;a&;om;Edkifonf/
a'G;csKd;uAsmwGif ydk'fqHk;um&ef (tcsKd;owfum&ef) rsm;onf csoHrsm; jzpf&onf/ txl;ojzifh
0doZeDoHrsm; jzpfavh&Sdonf/ rnfonfhtcgrQ csDoH ac: wufoHrjzpfap&/ xdkYjyif ydk'fwGif;um&efrsm;
vnf; &Sdonf/
2 ydk'fcH - 2 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
vlav;&,fidk
- - - ()
ckdzrf;vdkYay;/
() - - (+)/
cdkjzLcdkjymeufu,f
- - - - () zrf;cufvSao;/
- () - (+)/
a'G;csKd;wGif tcHydk'f tqHk;um&efonf ]ay;} jzpf ttkyfydk'f tqHk;um&efonf ]ao;}
jzpfonf/
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
39
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcHydk'fwGif ]idk} ESifh ]cdk} onf ydk'fwGif;um&efjzpfonf/ ttkyfydk'fwGif ]euf} ESifh ]cuf} onf
ykd'fwGif;um&efjzpfonf/
tcHydk'ftqHk;um&ef (tcsKd;owfum&ef) ESifh ttkyfydk'fqHk; um&ef (tcsKd;owfum&ef) wdkYudk
(+) jzifh jyxm;ygonf/ ydk'fwGif;um&efrsm;udk () jzifh jyxm;ygonf/
2 ydk'fcH - 3 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
a&TusD;&,fom
{nfhvma&mhovm;/
cef;0u BudK
cifav; a&T&ifzdkcdkuf
usD;ndKu em;/
tcsKd;owf tcHum&efESifh ttkyfum&efwdkYudk
jyxm;ygonf/
3 ydk'fcH - 3 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
csKd;ESpfaumif
xaemif;yif nDaemifu
vGrf;atmifulcGJ/
yef;awmfjzL
yifjruf aeZmxlvS
bdk;awmifolwJ/
- - - ()
- () - - (+)
- - - ()
- - - - ()
- () - (+)
(+) jzifhjy ydk'fwGif;um&efrsm;udk () jzifh
- ()
- - - () () - (+)
- ()
- - - () - () (+)
- - - - - () () - - - () - () - (+)/
- - ()
- () - - - () - () - (+)
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
xdkYtwl ]]u,f}}? ]]ygbk}}? ]]w,f}}? ]]uG,f}}? ]]rSm}} paom pum;vHk;wdkYonf oDqdk acsmajrUap&efom
xnfhoGif; zGJYqdkxm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ rdk;csKyfvdkY ae&D
wdrfeDu 0if;/
udkBuD;ausmf jyefrJhvrf;rSm
yef;&eHY oif;/
2/ tom;&,f jzL
vlayrdkYvm;/
tom;awmf ndKjymnufu,f
eef;awmfxufzGm;/
3/ atmifyifESifh eEm
MumpHkuarT;/
wuefudk wuefqufygvdkY
*,ufawG yifv,fEdIif;oifhw,f
vIdif;MuufcGyf azG;/
4/ ysKdav;&ufwJh ,uef;pif
bmqifvdkYar;/
ar;ygeJYat
wdkYwawG acGwmjcif;aMumifh
wif;wdrfwJhav;/
5/ OD;aumhvdkY yJhaxmif
ukefavSmifvdkY vlpD;/
xdk;0g;udkudkif
BudK;qGJol w,dkif,dkifeJY
&Gufwdkifudk avrodrf;w,f
ydef;aumrBuD;/
6/ yef;pHy,f
eef;v,frSm ray:cdkuf[mrdkY
tvdkuf awmfwefoifhHky
cHyGifhudk uHk;/
eef;&a0
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
41
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ref;ajrrSm pHyifvIdifawmh
cHyef;cdkif ,m,Da&GUw,f
awmavh&GmoHk;/
7/ Iwdkif;i,fpdk
jra&ndK awmiforefESifh
ajrmifywf&HqD;/
rD;pHkyGifha&
Asmodkufu,f &efatmifa>cwJh
ref;acgifaAG nmajrarmhrSm
bdk;awmhf jynfBuD;/
avhusifhcef;
1/ atmufygwdkYudk a'G;csKd;uAsmwGif tcsKd;owf tcHum&efESifh ttkyfum&efrsm;udk a&G;jyyg/
aqG;rjy,f
av;yifv,f arkESifh
ayGrIwEIef;/
oufw&m rsufESmudk
rjrif&aomfvJ
ylyghr,f b,fwaeYrS
atmufarhrrkef;/
2/ erlemjy a'G;csKd;uAsmrsm;wGif ydk'fwGif;um&ef,lyHkrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
3/ atmufyg taMumif;t&mwdkYudk a'G;csKd;wyk'fpD zGJYjyyg/
(u) arG;&yfajr
(c) jrom;v,f,m
(*) tm;upm;yGJ
(C) yk&pfzl;csdef
4/ atmufyg a'G;csKd;wGif trSm;jyifyg/
aEG&moD tcgxJrSm
tifMuif;wJh yef;rmvm
a0vGifwJhawm/
avjynfi,f&Tif
tifMuif;yif arT;&eHYi,f
oif;MuLomayh/
42
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (9)
BwdcsKd;
BwdcsKd;t"dym,f
]]Bwd}} [lonfrSm oHk;ck[k t"dym,f&aom ygVdpum;pum; jzpfonf/ tcsKd;oHk;csKd; yg0ifaom
uAsmtrsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/
BwdcsKd;pyfenf;
a'G;csKd;pyfenf;udkodvQif BwdcsKd;pyfenf;udkod&ef rcufawmhacs/ a'G;csKd;[laom tcsKd;ESpfckay:
wGif txufu wcsKd;xyfqifhvdkufHkrQom jzpfonf/ xyfwdk;vdkufaom yxrtcsKd;rSm csDoHac:wufoH
jzifh qHk;&onf/ csDoHac: wufoHrSwpfyg; tjcm;toHrsm;jzifh tcsKd;um&efrcsEdkif/
yxr tcsKd;um&eftwdkif; 'kwd,tcsKd;wGif ydk'fwGif;um&ef ,l&onf/ xdkodkY yxrtcsKd;
um&ef\ aemufodkYvdkuf 'kwd,tcsKd; tqHk;owfcgeD;wGif um&efwl ,l&onfudk cGmaxmufum&ef
[k qdkMuonf/ cGmaxmufum&ef ,lrdatmif txl;*kpdkuf&onf/ cGmaxmufum&efvGJvQif
yxrtcsKd;ESifh 'kwd,tcsKd; tcsdwftqufrrdyJ woD;wjcm;pD jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
cGmaxmufum&efrdzdkY owdr&yJ &SdwwfMuonf/
erlem
(y) tcsKd;
('k) tcsKd;
wydkYwGJ
aygufvJ&,f iHkpDpD
zl;wHu csD/
onf&moD
Am[Du tajymif;/
-
- - - - (+)
- - (+)/
-+
+ - - (+)/
43
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
(w) tcsKd;
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
rrav;u aMumufvdkYidk
armifzkef;rdk b,fhES,ful;(&r,f)
avmif;avSu vl;/
(4) ysKdav;wdkY tdrfOD;
qwfoGm;zl;wJh wpfHkESpfHk
aus;awGu tHk/
rtHkygESifh udka&Taus;/
ysKdwdkYarmif &Sifvdifjyefawmh
em; yefzdkYav;/
(5) ysKdav;wdkY tdrfpGef;
uGef; q,fhESpfyif
apmifha&Smufapcsif/
q,fhESpfyif
&Sifatmify arG;/
r,fESifharmif uHqdkifawmh
ausmif;wdkifzdkYav;/
avhusifhcef;
1/ ]]nae&D}}[laom acgif;pOfjzifh BwdcsKd;uAsmwpfyk'fpyf tcsKd;um&efrsm;udk xkwfjyyg/
2/ erlemjy uAsmrsm;xJu cGmaxmufum&ef ,lyHkpepfudk azmfjyyg/
3/ atmufygtaMumif;t&mwdkYudk BwdcsKd;uAsm zGJYjyyg/
(u) qdyfurf;om
(c) uRef;a&T0g
(*) aMumifuav; ylpD
45
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef;(10)
av;csKd;
av;csKd;t"dym,f
wufoH ac: yuwdoHjzifh cs&aom tcsKd;ESpfckESifh atmufjrpfoH? 0doZeDoHwdkYjzifh cs&aom
tcsKd;ESpfckaygif; tcsKd;av;ckyg0ifaom uAsmtrsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/
av;csKd;pyfenf;
a'G;csKd;ESifh BwdcsKd;pyfenf;udkodvQif av;csKd;pyfenf;onf rcJ,Of;NyD/ tajccH a'G;csKd;tay:wGif
wufoHac: yuwdoHjzifh cs&aom tcsKd;ESpfck xyfqifhvdkufvQif av;csKd;jzpfvmonf/ av;csKd;wGif
wwd,tcsKd; cGmaxmufum&ef ygavh&Sdonf/
46
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
erlem
(y) tcsKd;
('k) tcsKd;
(w) tcsKd;
(p) tcsKd;
yefygwJh yefyg/
a&Trif;0H awmifay:dk;u
yef;csKd;vdkYvm/
tyGifh&,f0g
tnmrSm a&T&nfvl;
yef0Hhygzl;/
- - - (+)/
---- - (+)/
--
- - - (+)
- - (+)
47
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
48
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
(1) iga,musfm;
vm;vm;rS bmrxD/
aoG;nDnD ,SOfNydKifETJ,if
uJacgifu wnf/
tmZmenf
jrefjynf arhcspfom;/
aMumufqdkwm e,frvm;w,f
usm;qdkrS usm;/
aiGwm&D
(2) aEG waygif;
a&Tausmif;&,fwJh ydwfcJhNyD/
cspfcifol aqGtrsm;
oGm;aygh XmeD/
aiGwm&D
jyefNyDuGJY &Gmaus;/
0oefqef;cgrS
&Tifvef;pGm aqGtrsm;&,fESifh
pum;ukef pHkpHkajymzdkY&,f
aZmpdkufvdkYawG;/
aiGwm&D
(3) oljzLvQif t,lajzmifhEdkifiJh
olarSmifhrSmpdk;rdw,f/
cGifhoem;vQifjzifh
jrifhzsm; a[rmESifh
acsmifauvm a&T0gauGYrSm
awmarGYawmhr,f/
raoHk a&TbHkBuD;rSmv
opfoD;ESifh yGJawmfwnf (w,f)
zefjc,fwJh0wfvJ/
arT;vdkY&,fvIdif
tkyfvHk; pHy,fBudKifwJh
jraucdkif rif&nfvJhudk
&Sif;r,fh MuHqJ/
vIdifxdyfacgifwif
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
49
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
twif;&efrlvdkY
&efoludk &ef[lrrSwfwJhjyif
udk,fhwyfudk,f jyefumeif;MuwJh
zsif;vSwJh ujrif;rtaumif AdkvfwcsKdU&,fu
udk,fhzdkY tvGwfkef;a&mhr,fvkdY
awmifukef; omom,m,m jrif;rPdpcef;qDu
wa&Smifa&Smif ykef;umtwGif;odwJh
rif;trdzrf;csifwJhjyif
y&rf;ywm awmf&mavsmf&majy;Muawmh
ta&;&Sif rBuHomoeJY
uHMurm a&S;0#fa<u;ayxifh
av;wdkifpOf &GmtwGif;wGifjzihf
t*FvdyfawGudk twif;Budwfra[hvdkYprf;cJhwJh
wazmifazmifowif; ajymifajymifvif;cJhwJh
awmifwGif;u ocifudk
atmifMwif;r&cif zrf;wJhjyif
tMurf;ywrf; rvkyfaumif;aomfvJ
Oaumif;jzwfum taoowfMuowJh
rauseyf&Smol acsmifwyJhAef;wdkY&JU
ajy&yfrSm wabmifeJYvGrf;Muayawmh
awmifwref;NrdKU aevESpfaqmiftndK;wGifjzifh
ajyjrefrmhwabmif rpdk;&&SmwJh
tacgiftjref; tarSmifoef;ordkY
atmifyef;ndKUcJh&wJh
atmifqef;wdkY a&Tva&miftzdk;/
ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;
avhusifhcef;
1/ erlemjyxm;aom uAsmrsm;xJu tcsKd;um&efrsm;udk xkwfjyyg/
2/ rdrdusufrSwfcJhzl;aom av;csKd;wpfyk'fudk a&;jy qDavsmfaom acgif;pOf wyfay;yg/
3/ atmufygpum;wdkY\ t"dym,fudk oif em;vnfoa&GU &Sif;jyyg/
(u) ojzef
(c) cGef;axmuf
(*) eabxyfum&ef
4/ oifa&;vdkaom taMumif;t&mwpfck odkYr[kwf tawG;wpfckudk av;csKd;i,fwpfyk'f
a&;zGJYyg/
51
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef;(11)
oHcsKd
oHcsKdt"dym,f/
/ toHcsKdcsKdomom&Gwf&aom av;csKd;uAsmrsKd;jzpfonf/ kyfao;yGJ
rsm;wGif vufpGJawmfkyfac: pmqdkkyfudk udkif&aom pmqdkudkifonf tvSLtaMumif;? tvSL&SiftaMumif;
wdkYudk kyfao;pifvufwef;udkudkifvsuf Z0ePfjzifh csufcsif;zGJYqdkavh&Sdaom uAsmrsKd;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh vsifjrefaom Z0ePfudkyif vufwef;Pf[k qdkMujcif;jzpfonf/
oHcsKdpyfenf;/
/ oHcsKdpyfenf;rSm av;csKd;pyfenf; twdkif;yif jzpfonf/ tcsKd;
av;csKd;ygonf/ wwd,tcsKd;wGif cGmaxmufum&efygonf/ csDoH csoHtaetxm;? um&ef
taetxm; tenf;i,fuGJonf/ odkY&mwGif oHcsKdoDqdkyHkudk em;axmifMunfhrSomvSsif oHcsKd\oabmudk
em;vnfEdkifayrnf/ um&ef,lyHkpepfrSmrl av;csKd; um&ef,lyHktwdkif;yif jzpfonf/
erlem
ajry0&H {oef&yfwGifrS
uHpyfum *a[aqmfMu
oli,fazmf t&G,faumif;awGaygh
q,facsmif;pD qvHajrmuf
aygif;&Spfa,muf aumufpdkufol/
at;csKdcsKd aw;tqdkvdkufumygh
aMu;ydkufqH aiGusyfjym;
rSwfom;um r,liifbJ
bk&m;0if 0wfawmfwuf
aqmfESufum aMu;pnfwD;&efzdkY
rBuD;vm rr,fwdk;wdkYu
o,fydk;um azmftaygif;i,fESifh
taMumif;cH tajcjyKayMu
aumif;rIzdkYvSL/
bk&m; &wemESifh
trsm;wum pm;p&mzdkYomygh
wcsKdUw0ufcl;vdkY
vufOD;yif wifa0rSscJh
52
------+--+---+--+--+--+---+
- - + - - ()/
------+--+---+
-+---+--+--+
-+---+--+---+--+---+--+---+-- + - ()/
----+---+---+--+--+-+---+rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
jynfh0 oDu&DESifh
AD&PD bHkrSmjzpfygowJh
uopfyif omonfhatmufrSmv
&Spfa,mufNydKif aqGvHkrdi,fwdkY
bHkAdrmef jymom'fBuD;awGESifh
ewforD;awG jzpfapaMumif;&,fvdkY
waumif;udkif aMu;pnfESufumygh
avmif;a&puf ta&;,l
aoG;wlwJh pdwful;/
ok'em ewf&Gma&mufvSsifjzifh
Avcsmaemufatmif pdwfaysmfydkufMuvdrfh
aumufpdkufovdk ukd,fwdkYrukef;Mu&aybk
[dkxHk;pH 0wtavh
odrfarGYpGm rmP0DwdkY
tmom0wD qdkwJhyef;awGESihf
udk,fvQrf;atmif xdefxdefnD;
pdefbD;wif pdefqHywf
em;uyfacG pdef&wemESifh
a&TeYHom acsumvdrf;umygh
Zmtxnf Mumjcnfpdrf;i,fESifh
urvm txnfay:rSm
wm&SnfaysmfvdkY Nidrf;Muygvdrhf
rdef;r&SpfOD;/
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
-+--+----+---+---+----+---+---+
- ()/
---+-+---+-----+------+
--++--+---+
--+
---+--+---+-----+--()/
armif;axmif OD;ausmfvS
53
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
udE&marmifESH
vl"avhvdkygh? tawGY&,ftmHkESifh? umr*kPfcHpHomygh? NrdKif,HrSm arwmzsef;&SmMu? &Iprf;zsmh
xdyfacgif/ / iSuftrsm;wGifrS? oem;i,fp&mygh? kyfa&mif0g tvGefvSaywJh? udE&Dr,farmifwdkY?
jrifh[dkawmifqG,fpcef;rSmv? EG,fief; ESpfudk,f,SOf? Nidrfh{,if olwdkYETJ&SmMu? cJMuvlUoGif/ /
lygHkoPmefwifhygbd? uHcGifhpDrH? wd&pmefom[k jzpf&SmMu? cspfp&mhyHktjyif? jrifolwdkYraem/ /
ETJumi,fcsD? zl;pDpD a&T&ifrdkY&,fESifh? b,fodkYvQif BuHeD;yg&? rBuD; udE&DarwdkY? ckraoG uHom
zufcsifawmhw,f? rif;vlxufacsm/ /
OD;BuD;
awmyef;rsm;
qGwfyvJhyg[k? GwfEGJYum jrLarQmfarQmf? vluJhaemf rac:&SdaomfvJ? ac:bdoa,mifa,mif
aygh? oa&aqmif avavSmif vIyf&SmMu? awmtkyfvHk; yef;axGaxG/ / tpdrf;ESifhtjym? eDt0g
jzLwcsKdUomygh? olwdkUudk b,fqDu? b,fyef;csD pkwfrif aq;i,fESifh? ,Ofaus;atmif wrifvm?
qif , if & S m avorS e f ; ygbd ? yef ; wd k Y t ajc/ / wyif u d k wyif N yd K if o nf h j yif ? wNrd K if u d k
wNrdKifausmatmif[k? taemuH tmHk,lonfhES,f? wMuLMuLxHktBudKifESifh? pHk*EdkifrSm *kPfNydKif
yGifh&SmMu? awmwifhwJh yHktae? pHkoa&&Tifvef;/ / yrm&,fqdk? pHuydkvfjynfawmf a[mif;qDodkU?
ESpfaomif;NcH&H oCFmESifh? a'opm&D tjref;rSmv? pcef;pOfNrdKif&*HkwdkYrSm? BudKiftxHk wMuLMuLESifh?
o,rL udk,fawmfjrwfudkv? xGufeyfu,f BudKqdk? yef;xdkxdk ylaZmfyGifh&SmMu? ,cifhtcg onfwyHkodkY?
onf&*Hkvkdyif &Sd&Smvdrfh? awmtwdyef;/
OD;rQif
pmqdkrSm usefppfom;
wdkifwdkif;rSm tvHxl? odkif;bGJYjzL ,rxmESifh? awmfr[m pifnGefYaygif;wGifjzifh? &Gmarmif;
axmif *gaarmfu? q&mausmf vlvGefESifh? rif;pm0ef woG,fygh? ,if;aysmfzG,f Pfus,f wGJygvdkY?
weJpD oHcsKdavQmufyg&? aygif;av;a,muf i,fuRef,Hk/ / ref;NrdKUydkif jynfawmf0efu? &SdtvGef
MuH&G,faqmif? vlYabmifrSm aMunmvIdif;ygbd? wdkif;odrfhodrfhwkef/ / &dr'HayguHwdkif;? ordkif;pmwif
?
&mZ0if rwdrfaumEdkifbk? rif;apm aemf&xmuJhodkY? rwfr[m xHawmfarSmuf? OD;ajrmuf yPmvIH?
AdkvfyHkxk c,rf;/ / iaxG;l;uJhodkY? acsmif;OD;&Gmtq,fu? Pfus,fudk yrmTefcJh? rif;pm0ef axmif
vufHk;rSmawmh? ivHk;vufz,f[k? ,if;aysmfbG,f anmifOD;zD;uJhodkY? jynfBuD;0ef rdefYawmfcsufu,fESifh?
xrf;&Gufol rsufESma[mif;wdkY? &Gmarmif;axmif *garmfu? q&mausmf umvom;rSmawmh? ykym;
awmifajc&if;qDu? ewfjrif;udk rdatmifzrf;onfhES,f? vufwef; Pfacgifu0dayaygh? rPdpEmESifh?
ppfonfyg yPmcdk&? pmqdkrSm usefppfom;uJhodkY? oxHk0if*kPfxif&Sm;ayvdrfh? tm;vHk;aemufxrf;/ /
armif;axmif OD;ausmfvS
54
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
avhusifhcef;
1/ oHcsKd[lonf tb,fenf;/
2/ vufwef;Pf [laom pum;udk &Sif;jyyg/
3/ erlemjyxm;aom oHcsKdrsm;teuf OD;rQif\ oHcsKd um&ef,lyHkpepfudk azmfjyyg/
4/ oifEIwfwuf&aom oHcsKdwpfyk'fudka&; tcsKd;um&efrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
55
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (12)
wsmcsif;
wsmcsif;t"dym,f
]]wsm}} [laompum;onf csKdjrom,m ysLiSmodrfarGYpGmzGJYqdk&aom aw;uAsm[k t"dym,f
&Sdonf/ xdkodkY om,mcsKdjrpGmoDqdk&aom aw;uAsmrsKd;jzpfaomaMumifh wsmcsif; [k ac:Muonf/
wsmbGJY[lvnf; ac:dk;ac:pOf &Sdonf/
wsmcsif;qdkonfrSm jrefrmh*DwwGif xH? wsm? aw? awsm paom toHpOfrsm;&Sd&m om,m
emaysmfzG,f ]wsmoH} jzifhoDqdk&aom aw;uAsmwrsKd;jzpfonf[k rSwfom;&onf/ wsmcsif;udk wl&d,m
ESifhwGJzuf oD qdk wD; rIwf &aom aw;oDcsif;trsKd;tpm;[k qdkEdkifonf/
wsmcsif;pyfenf;
wsmcsif; um&ef,lyHk pepfonf av;csKd; um&ef,lyHkpepfESifh qifqifwlonf/ tu&mpmvHk;
ta&twGufESifh toHoGm; toHvm xl;jcm;onfrSty av;csKd;yHkoPmefyif jzpfonf[k vG,fatmif
rSwfom;Edkifonf/ tqHk; owfwdkif; ]]av;}} [laompum;ESifh cs&onf/ xdkYaemuf rdrdESpfoufoavmuf
av;csKd;ydk'frsm;udk qufum qufum a&;Edkifonf/ wpfydk'fESifhwpfydk'ftcsdwftqufrdap&ef
,ciftydk'f\ tqHk;cs um&efESifh aemufwydk'f\ tp um&efudk csdwfrdatmifpyfqdk&onf/ wsmcsif;
wyk'fvHk;udk tqHk;owfvdkaomtcg tydk'fi,fuav;ESpfckudk zGJY toHt&Sdefowf&onf/
ydef;aumavSi,f&Sif
(1) rdk;OD;umv? acsmif;usNyDqdkvQif
yef;avmifaMumrSm? ydef;aumavSi,f&Sif
awmifbufu,fwcGif? xGuf0ifazmufum;
yJhygrnfhol? rygvl
xdk;olwpfa,mufom;i,fESifhav;/
(2) ig;ydqm;ysm;? azmufum;&atmif
yJvGef;yJBuD; oD;oD;,lMunf;aqmif
wufrudkajrmif? uGrf;aygifeDaMumif;
ebl;cufndK? udkif;nTwf,dk
yifudk ESD;om;aygif;i,fESifhav;/
56
-? - - - -
-? - - - -
- ? - - +
? - -
- (+) - - -/
+? - + -
+? - + - -
? - - +
+? - - +
- () - - -/
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-? - - - +
? - - - - +
+? - + +? - - +
- () - - -/
+? - + -
+? - + - -
? - - +
+? - - +
- - (+) - - -/
- -? - + -
+? - + - - -
-+
- +? - - - +
- (+) - - - /
-? - + -
- +? - + - -
+? - + -
+? - - +
- () - - - /
0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/
0oefumv rdk;uswnfhvQif
0oefumv? rdk;uswnfhvQif
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;? r,m;ESifhaqGi,fvif
vufwGJi,fajciif? udk,fwGift0wf
ykqdk;tus? pkwfjyJNyD
csnfeDaAmif; wGwfwGwfu,fESifhav;/
rkd;a&pGwfvdkY? t0wfu,fryg
om;orD;udk? udk,fxD;ayGYvdkYom
aq;wHwpfxGm? udkufumxGef,if;
57
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
v,fuGufu,fwpfcGif? xGefa&;i,f
a&0ifykpGefwGif;i,fESifhav;/
zm;aygifpif;i,f? jcif;yvdkif;0,f
ckyDavm? a&maESmomvG,f
[if;&Gufu,fEke,f? wpfoG,fuefpGef;
ql;ykyfu,fuif;yHk? tvHk;pHk
zl;iHkoma&m>yrf;onfESifhav;/
csKdvnf;csKdvGef;? &nf&Trf;rsm;pGm
MuH[if; <uufem;aygif;?
aomif;ajymif;a&mom
tdrfodkYa&mufcg? vsifpGmcsufjyKwf
xrif;uyl? [if;uyl
SLSLom&Srf; ikwfu,fESifhav;/
tvkwfu,f{&mom? iHkYumavG;awmhonf/
om;ajr;i,frmcsm? A,fnmaxG;awmhonf/
0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
2/
aEGOD;umv jrLxaomcg
aEGOD;umv? jrLxaomcg
&if;axmif&if;qGJ? aqmifjrJtdk;vG,fum
"m;ESD;xufpGm? cg;rSmcsyfvsuf
xef;yGifhxef;cdkif? &Tef;NrdKifNrdKif
uvdkifomvG,fvdkY wufonfESifhav;/
xef;yifxef;vuf? xef;&Gufu,fa0a0
pifatmifckwfxpf? Ekrspfu,fxef;OD;a&
r,m;i,faqG? xef;a&odrf;qnf;
om;ajr;[pfaMumf? acG;0ufu,fac:
xef;avSsmfom ,kefydkufpnf;i,fESifhav;/
ac:oHdkuf[nf;? vlvnf;aMumfjim
acG;[pfvl[pf? cwfypfu,fajcmufaomcg
ykwwfu,f,kefcg? awmrSm&SdMu
iHk; Muufu,f zGwf a>r? 0HykavG
raexGufvmMuonfwnfhav;/
58
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
0rf;omtm;&? r,m;uwpfoG,f
[if;&Gufqdk;aumif;? aomif;ajymif;a&mvG,f
vifuwoG,f? ,kefi,fup
awmow0g? awGYwdkif;udkom
tdwfrSmom,l csonfESifhav;/
odkYESifha&mufu? cPatmifhvQif
wHpdkYxufESifh? xef;vsufzdkrSmuif
[if;tdk;qlvQif? tuifcwfNyD;
tdk;uif;ESifhavSmf? a&ESifhaMumf
rdk;arQmfikwfoD;i,fESifhav;/
ESD;a'gif;vef;BuD;? cl;NyD;aomcg
orD;ESifhom;? rsm;vdkYr0ifom
'l;wpfbuf[m? wGef;umz,fvsuf
olYxufigav? pm;awmhrnfap
pm;ayomvS tkef;cGufu,fESifhav;/
iHkYvsufudk,fpDom qkyfumavG;awmhonf/
NyD;vQifa&r&Sm acG;omauG;awmhonf/
0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
avhusifhcef;
1/ wsmcsif;[k tb,fhaMumihfac:oenf;/
2/ ]yef;rsKd;pHkvif ausmif;O,smOf} [laom acgif;pOfjzifh wsmcsif;wpfyk'fzGJYjyyg/
3/ xif&Sm;aom wsmcsif;pmqdkBuD;udk oifodygovm;/ xdkpmqdkBuD;\trnfudk azmfjyyg/
4/ ]0oefumv rdk;uswnfhvQif} wsmcsif;\ um&ef,lyHkudk azmfjyyg/
59
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (13)
tdkifcsif;
tdkifcsif;t"dym,f/
/ toH tdkiftdkif? toH NrdKifNrdKifESifh oHNydKifoDqdk&aom tcsif;rsKd;
jzpfaomaMumifh ]]tdkifcsif;}} [kac:onf/ aumufpdkuf&mwGif rdef;uav;rsm; oDqdkavh&Sdaom uAsm
wpfrsKd;yif jzpfonf/
tdkifcsif;pyfenf;/
/ tdkifcsif;pyfenf;rSm rcufvS/ tpcsD&mwGif ]]cspfwJholi,fav
oli,fcsif;aumif; a,mufrwdkYav}} [k tpcsDonf/ tqHk;cs&mwGif ]]tysKdjzLi,fu uRrf;? vGrf;wHkYwif
av}} [l csonf/ avSeH"m;xpfum; r[kwfacs/ ]]tysKdjzLi,fESrrSm? MuHK&wif&Sif}}? ]]tysKdjzL
i,fuaygif;ygwJh? olaumif;i,fav;}} ponfjzifh a&;zGJYavh&Sdonf/ wcgw&HwGif ]]cspfwif;i,f
aESmonf? ajympdkYiJhav;}} [lvnf;aumif;? ]]jrifwdkif;rkef;p&mh? *kef;rtdk? a&vdkcef;ajcmufygapom;}}
[l vnf;aumif; a&;zGJYwwfao;onf/ Pf&Sdovdk zGJYEdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ pnf;BuD;urf;BuD;um; r[kwfvS/
xdkYaMumifh um&ef,lyHkpepf txl;rjyawmhNyD/ erlemjy tdkifcsif;rsm;udk avhvmvQif em;vnfEdkifavmufNyD/
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ cspfwJholav
oli,fcsif;aumif; a,mufrwdkYav/
0gqdki,frS 0gacgif? a&azmifazmifESifh
&Gmhawmifuacsmif;? &Gmhaemufaygif;udk
xaemif;aMumifuspf? ql;&pfyGifhum
rdk;r&Gmonf? &GmygaomfvJ rdk;roJ/
v,fjyifi,frS ywfoef;
ysKdUaumufief;ESifh? tvGrf;i,frSazsmf&m
ESrBuD;r,fompdkufwJh aumufief;wmudk
armifuav;i,f armifrvmonf
rvmuwJ-ESrBuD;i,f0rf;renf;/
aumufief;i,frS oG,f0dkuf
uefoif;ay:u? arQmfrdvdkufwdkif;
ysKdBudKufwJhol? y0gxnfudk
xdyfvnfrSmaygif;? qHoG,faysmif;i,fESifh
aygif;aMumhvludk? pdwfwlaESm? rajym&av
&if;rmyefvsuf? aumufpdkufwufudk
60
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
61
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ppfajrjyifrSm? 0ifumckwf
wkwfu,f&Srf;ajy? xGm;xGm;i,faMu? atmifavNyDwJh
qDrvl;wJh ayzl;pmESifh? rSmvdkufuJh&Sif
tysKdjzLi,fuuGrf; - vGrf;wHkYwifav;/
tdkifcsif;ESifhywfouf ou&mZf 700 ausmf? 900 ausmftwGif; a&TbdkNrdKUawmifbuf
oHk;axmifhtdkif&GmrSpwif ay:aygufvmaom oHk;axmifhtkdifcsif;ESifh ou&mZf 1100 ywf0ef;usif
ay:vmaom &mjynfhtdkifcsif; [l tdkifcsif;trnfrsm; awGY&onf/ xif&Sm;aom tdkifcsif;pmqdkrsm;rSm
awmifwGif;&SifNidrf;r,f? vuf0JokE& ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
avhusifhcef;
1/ tdkifcsif;\t"dym,fudk &Sif;jyyg/
2/ rdrdausmif;om,myHkudk tdkifcsif;wpfyk'fzGJYqdkyg/
3/ oiftESpfoufqHk; a&S;utdkifcsif;wpfyk'fudk a&;jyyg/
62
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (14)
vGrf;csif;
vGrf;csif;t"dym,f
vGrf;csif;qdkonfrSm vGrf;qGwfMunfEl;zG,faumif;aom aw;oHjzifh zGJYqdkxm;onfh aw;uAsm
jzpfonf/ a&TbdkNrdKU ajrmufbuf aus;vufawm&Gmrsm;rS pwifay:aygufvmaomaMumifh ,cifu
]]ajrmufbufoH}} [k ac:wGifcJh aMumif; od&onf/
vGrf;csif;pyfenf;
vGrf;csif;wGif tcsKd;ESpfck ygonf/ tcsKd;\ tqHk;rsm;wGif ]]av;}} [laom pum;ygavh&Sdonf/
pum; oHk;vHk;? av;vHk;? ig;vHk;? ajcmufvHk; rSefrSefygwwf wpfvHk;csdwfum&efudk toHk;rsm;onf/
um&ef,lyHkrSm vuFmpyfum&ef ,lyHk,lenf;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif yg'twGif; jyef*[yfum&ef
ac: jcaoFhvnfjyefum&efudkvnf; toHk;jyK zGJYqdkwwfao;onf/
jyef*[yfum&ef qdkonfrSm um&efwpfckudk cHxm;NyD;aemuf xdkum&efESifhrwlaom um&efopf
wpfrsKd;udk ajymif;NyD;aemuf rlvucHcJhaom um&efudk jyeftkyfjcif;jzpfonf/ jyef*[yfum&ef,lyHkudk
jcaoFhvnfjyef [kvnf; ac:onf/
vGrf;csif;onf aw;*DwbufodkY wdrf;Gwfaom uAsmrsKd;jzpfonf/ &Gwfzwfaomtcg *DwoH
aygufatmif &Gwfzwf&onf/ pmvHk;a& tenf;trsm;xm;yHk? toHoGm; toHvm ajyjypfatmifzGJYyHk
wdkYudk &GwfqdkMunfhrSom ususee em;vnf oabmaygufayrnf/
vGrf;csif; um&ef,lyHkpepfudk atmufyguAsmwGif avhvmEdkifygonf/
&Gufopfavmif;csdef
pHkwaMumrSmwJh
tHMoi,frukef
yef;eYHi,f xHkonf
a&TzDiHk nmwHa<uvdkY
awmifav oGif;jyefawmhw,fav;/
aEG*drmefi,f
0oefcgajymif;
&Gufopfu,f avmif;vdkY
ESmarmif; &pfacG
zl;GefYa0ESifh
jraovmrGef
a&wHcGefvJ
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
--+--+--+
-+-+--+--+- + - - - - ()/
(yxrtcsKd;)
--+-+-+
---+-+-+
--+-+-+
--+63
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
pD;0SefnmA,f
ESpfajrmifprf;ESifh
cifwef;pG,f
wl&,fruGm
a'gif;zdkrwdkY
wGefMuoHomaomhcg
vGrf;Asmxk a&TbGifrSm
ajzr&Tif azmfuGma0;olwdkY
aqG;csnfhr,fav;/
/
-+-
--+-+
-+-
--+-+---+--+--+--+-+ - - ()/
('kwd,tcsKd;)
vIdifxdyfacgifwif
erlemjy vGrf;csif;rsm;
,Ofayhawmol
avjynfi,fokwfygvdkY? a&Tbkwfu,ftdk;tD? tHkYrIdif;i,f&D? aerDatmif wcdkvSrf;cJh&?
aumufief;u oljyefyHkrSm? cwmiHk yef;ESpfqifhi,fESifh? yef;0ifhvdkY&Gmudk0if? tjrifqef;ygbdw,fav;/
nOfhcsrf;&,fae&D? csdefawmfrD? auoDyef;ESifh? a&cyfvrf;rSm? pcef;oifhvdkY? xufqifheDa&mif?
csnfpdrf;aygifESifh? ,Ofatmifawmol? oeyfcg; uGufyg;rSmulvdkY? trlBuD;urf;ukefudk? b,fNrdKUyHk
omcsifaom&,fvdkY? ajymMur,fav;/
OD;BuD;
armifBuD;wdkY aysmfpH&m
rvGrf;a&mhaomfaumh? uRef;armharmhajrmufcGif? rl;a&,Of vuf,mpD;ygvdkY? armifBuD;wdkYaysmfwJh
&Gm? ajrmufnmESifh awmifpG,fvufu,fu? tif;ESpfbuf umw,fav;/ wpfacgufu,fvrf;qHk?
&Gmoabmudk ajymr,Hkaomf? MuHKvQif0ifcJhygvm;aemf ta0;/
64
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
65
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (15)
aw;xyf
aw;xyft"dym,f/
/ ]]aw;xyf[lonfum; aw;dk;wGifxyf pyfaomaMumifh aw;xyf
ac:onf}} [l uAsmAEom&usrf;wGif qdkonf/
aw;xyfpyfenf;/
/ aw;xyfpyfenf;udk tydkif; 3 ydkif;cGJ MunfhMupdkY/ yxrydkif;wGif
4 ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ 'kwd,ydkif;wGif 2 ydk'fwuf? 2 ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ wwd,ydkif;wGif 4
ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ tm;vHk;aygif; 18 ydk'f&Sdonf/ tqHk;ydk'fwGif ]]av;}} [laom pum;vHk;jzifh
owf&onf/
xdkYaMumifh
]]tm'd0peH? av;ydk'fcH? trSefESpfydk'ftkyf/
ESpfydk'fwufjyef? ESpfydk'fcH? trSefESpfydk'ftkyf/
tm'd0peH? av;ydk'fcH? trSefESpfydk'ftkyf/}}
[l a&S;ynm&Sdrsm; trSwftom;jyKcJhMuonf/
aw;xyfpyfwwfatmif q&mBuD; pavOD;yknu enf;ay;cJhonfrSm rSwfom;zG,faumif;onf/
OD;ykn\enf;rSm ]]pyfrlenf;a&;vdkygvQif? aw;udkom&atmifusufygawmh? cufvSzl;rsKd;od*Fg? pdk;&drfESifh
Asm}} [ljzpfonf/ aw;xyfpyfenf;wwfvdkvQif aw;xyftrsKd;rsKd;udkom &atmifusufygawmh[k
qdkvdkonf/ tjcm; uAsmpyfenf;rsm;udk uRrf;usifvdkvQifvnf; OD;ykn enf;ay;cJhonfhtwdkif;
]]aw;udkom &atmifusufygawmh}} [laomenf;yifwnf;/ OD;yknay;cJhaom enf;aumif;wpfvufyif/
erlem
4 ydk'fcH
2 ydk'ftkyf
66
yxrydkif;
(1/ aw;xyfudk PfqvdkY
(2/ MuHMuawmhpyfyHk
(3/ q,fh&Spfydk'f awGYMuHKvQif
(4/ tvHk;pHkjynfhjrJ/
(5/ tprSm ajcmufvHk;csDonf
(6/ qHk;avNyD ckepfESifhyJ/
+
-
+
+
++
+/
-+- - /
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
'kwd,ydkif;
2 ydk'fwuf (7/ ? ? ? onf? udkrSm
(8/ o'gudkrSwfpGJ/
2 ydk'fcH
(9/ t"dym,f w,frvGJapeJY
(10/ MuHcJvdkYpyfyg/
2 ydk'ftkyf (11/ owfajcmufaxG pyfajcmufyg;
(12/ rrSm;atmif MunfhMuav&m/
4 ydk'fcH
2 ydk'ftkyf
wwd,ydkif;
(13/ ayg&mPuxmudk
(14/ tcgcg mPfIvdkY
(15/ {csif;pk vuFmawG
(16/ uRrf;oifhvSay/
(17/ aw;xyfdk; olYtaerSm
(18/ pyfMuav mPfoGm;eJYav;/
----+
+ - - /
------ - - (+)/
----+
+ - - - - (+)
67
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
olrnf;u arSmifulr,f
oljzL,if jzLcsif;ygh
Muifcsif; Muifr,fqdk
udk;qavmufydk/
qdk;MupdkY wu,fqdk,if
'jrAdkvfvkyfEdkifiJhav;/
OD;ykn
2/ pnf;pdrfawmf,pfrl;vdkY? rjzpfzl; Em? uopfOD; od*FgrSm? tvdrmvGefom;/ / a&Tig;oef;
ESpfuka#rSm? tazsmfajz MuL;a&mhovm;/ / bolYurS rrIvmw,f? ukPmw&m;/ / vlY&Gmudk Iyg
jim;r,fvdkY? bk&m;udkol0g/ tifMuifNrdKif ukdefeef;rSm? pm pmwrf;xdk;vsufyg/ / aum0dvomryg?
tdkEmodMum;iJh? bk&m;udk udk;uG,frSef? qifcJhjrefjref/ / axmifpuK rSdefcJhjyefvQif? pdefrsufrSef
qufr,fyghav;/
OD;ykn
3/ a&T0wbHktkyf? pmvkyfwdkif; igyg? b,fawmhurS vlY&Gmudk? rIwmr&Sd/ pdwfnpfwdkif;
tjypfwifonf? igbk&if rdk;utod/ / tusifhwef pm*DrSm? wqHjcnfr&Sd/ / b,folYrSm bmr&Sdw,fvdkY?
igrod xifw,f/ / b,fzl;pm b,frSmnm;wmvJ? igodMum;odyg&JUuG,f/ / u,foifhrS igu,fr,f?
wu,fyif {uefrSwfygawmh? 0w&yfig;bHkpH? aMu;wGufrnfMuH/ / raumif;rI usKyfMuHvQif?
a&Tpm&Hpl;ygaphav;/ /
OD;ykn
avhusifhcef;
1/ erlemjyxm;aom aw;xyfrsm;teuf ESpfouf&m wpfyk'f\ um&ef,lyHkudk azmfjyyg/
2/ aw;xyf[lonf tb,fenf;/
3/ aw;xyfpyfwwfvdkvQif rnfodkYusifhoHk;&rnf[k OD;yknu rSmoenf;/
4/ atmufygtaMumif;t&mwdkYudk aw;xyfzGJYyg/
(u) jrwfq&m
(c) bk&m;yGJawmf
(*) rdk;aomufcsdef
rdk;rc uGef,uf
rdk;rc\ *kPfxl;aqmifrsm;
2011 rdk;rcrdwfaqGrsm; = tifeft,f'Daxmufulonfh EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om; 600
2010 oufBuD;pmayynm&Sif - armifom&? OD;0if;az? armifpGrf;&nf? a':rmrmat;
2009 ckESpf rdk;rccspfolrsm; - tifeft,f'DygwD? vlxk pdef0if;? armif0Ho? tawG;tjrif r*Zif;
2008 ckESpf - rdk;rccspfolrsm; - [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif
tMuHay;tzGJY
wifrdk; (2003-2006)? armifpGrf;&nf (2003 rS)? rmrmat; (2006 rS)? OD;0if;az (2006 rS)?
aMu;rkHOD;aomif; (2007 - 2008)
t,f'Dwm tzGJY
armif&pf (2003)? Zmenf0if; (2004)? rsKd;atmifvif; (2009)? udkOD; (2010)
toH
a&'D,dkcspfolrsm; (qpf'eD) - OD;yefwsm(2006)?
(eef;azmaq;? apmt,faum? ar&D? cifoufyef? ESif;jrwfcdkif? oHpOf&wem)
0kdif;awmfom;rsm;
jrefrmtdkiftufpfyD (2006)? Mo&o (2007)? aumif;uifjym (2008)? rdk;rc0if; (2007)? atmifa0; (2008)?
nGefYaxG; (2008)? aZrdIif; (2008)? oef;pdk;vIdif (2008)? rdk;csKdoif; (2008)? a[refoZif (2008)?
opfaumif;tdrf (2009)? rdk;pJae (2009)? 0if;jrwf (2009)? avmt,fpdk; (2009)? cdkifrmausmfaZm (2009)?
*spfwl; (rkH&Gm) (2009)? yef;csDatmifvwf (2009)? umwGef; apmidk (2010)? umwGef; bDkrm (2010)? yef;csD
atmifxuf (2010)? umwGef; aZmfrIdif;(OuvH) (2010)? &ef0if; (awmifwHcg;) (2010)? cifvGef; (2010)?
Zm0g&D (r,f&Dvef;) (2011)? udkwifat; (2011)? au (2011)? yGifhjzLeEm (2011)? rkd;,Hrc (2011)?
cifESif;vGif (2011)? ol&defxuf (2011)? oef;0if;vIdif (2011)?
,ck
(21) uAsmq&m wifrdk; - jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;