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559
y M0 A B x
V C1
0 C1
3 v(0) M0 x2 v 2 EI M0 x v EI
B
B.C.
C3
B.C.
M0 L2 (upward) 2 EI M0 L uB v(L) (counterclockwise) EI (These results agree with Case 6, Table G-1.) v(L)
x q = q0 sin L y B
Problem 9.4-2 A simple beam AB is subjected to a distributed load of intensity q q0 sin x/L, where q0 is the maximum intensity of the load (see figure). Derive the equation of the deflection curve, and then determine the deflection max at the midpoint of the beam. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
Solution 9.4-2 Simple beam (sine load) LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c). EIv EIv EIv
B.C. B.C.
B.C. B.C.
3 v(0)
C4 C3
0 0
q q0 L L
q0 sin x cos L
x L C1 C1x 0 C2 C2 0
1 EIv
q0
sin
x L
EIv(0)
q0L4 L max 4 2 EI (These results agree with Case 13, Table G-2.)
4 v(L) 0 q0 L4 x sin 4 L EI v
sin
x L
C3x
C4
560
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams
Problem 9.4-3 The simple beam AB shown in the figure has moments 2M0 and M0 acting at the ends. Derive the equation of the deflection curve, and then determine the maximum deflection max. Use the third-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the shear-force equation).
y 2M0 A B M0 x
Solution 9.4-3
Simple beam with two couples 3M0 Reaction at support A: RA (downward) L Shear force in beam: V RA 3M0 L
B.C.
3 v(L)
C2
M0 L 2 x2 ) 3x) M0 x (L 2 LEI x) 2
v v
1 EIv
EIv EIv
3M0 x2 2L
M0 x3 M0 x2 2L B.C. 2 v(0) 0 C3
L 3
L . 3
2M0 L2 (downward) 27 EI
Problem 9.4-4 A simple beam with a uniform load is pin supported at one end and spring supported at the other. The spring has stiffness k 48EI/L3. Derive the equation of the deflection curve by starting with the third-order differential equation (the shear-force equation). Also, determine the angle of rotation A at support A.
q A B x 48EI k = L3
q A k B x
qL RA = 2 L
RB k
qL 2k
qL4 96EI
qL RB = 2
SECTION 9.4
561
B.C. B.C.
2 v(0) 3 v(L) C2
0
B
C3
0 qL4 96 EI
2x) 2x) C1
EIv EIv
B.C.
q (Lx 2 q Lx 2 2
2
5qL3 96
v 0 C1 0 v
1 EIv
EIv(0) C2
EIv EIv
q Lx3 2 6
x4 12
uA C2x C3
qx (5L3 8Lx2 4x3 ) 96EI q (5 L3 24 Lx2 16x3 ) 96 EI 5qL3 v(0) (clockwise) 96EI
Problem 9.4-5 The distributed load acting on a cantilever beam AB has an intensity q given by the expression q0 cos x /2L, where q0 is the maximum intensity of the load (see figure). Derive the equation of the deflection curve, and then determine the deflection B at the free end. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
y q0 x q = q0 cos 2L
A L
Solution 9.4-5 Cantilever beam (cosine load) LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c) EIv EIv q x 2L 2L x q0 sin C1 2L q0 cos V
2
B.C.
3 v(0) q0 2L
C3 cos x 2L
0 q0 Lx3 3 16q0L4
4
EIv
q0 L2x2
C4
B.C.
4 v(0)
C4
B.C.
1 EIv q0
EIv(L) x 2L
C1 C2
2q0 L v
EIv
2L
B.C.
2 EIv q0 2L
cos
2q0 Lx
M
3
EIv(L) x 2L
C2 2q0 L2x
2q0 L2
2q0 L4 3 ( 24) B 3 4EI (These results agree with Case 10, Table G-1.) v(L)
q0 L x 48L3 cos 4 2L 3 EI
48L3
Lx2
3 3
EIv
sin
q0 Lx2
C3
562
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams y L2 x2 q = q0 L2
Problem 9.4-6 A cantilever beam AB is subjected to a parabolically varying load of intensity q q0(L2 x 2)/L2, where q0 is the maximum intensity of the load (see figure). Derive the equation of the deflection curve, and then determine the deflection B and angle of rotation B at the free end. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
q0
x A L B
Solution 9.4-6 Cantilever beam (parabolic load) LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c) q0 2 EIv q (L x2 ) L2 EIv
B.C.
B.C.
1 EIv
q0 2 L x L2 V
EIv(L) x4 12
x3 3
B.C.
C3 0 q0 Lx3 x6 360 9
q0 L2x2 8
C4
15L2x2
x4 )
EIv
B.C.
2 EIv
q0 L2x2 L2 2 M
EIv(L) x5 60
v uB
10L2x2
x4 )
EIv
Problem 9.4-7 A beam on simple supports is subjected to a parabolically distributed load of intensity q 4q0 x(L x)/L2, where q0 is the maximum intensity of the load (see figure). Derive the equation of the deflection curve, and then determine the maximum deflection max. Use the fourthorder differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
q0 L2x3 L2 6
4q0 x q = (L L2 y
x)
Solution 9.4-7 Single beam (parabolic load) LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c) EIv EIv EIv
B.C. B.C.
B.C.
4q0 x (L L2 2x3 ) x4 )
x) C1 C1x 0 q0 L 3
4q0 (Lx L2
x2 )
EIv
B.C.
5L3x3 3
L 2
0 L x5
C3 x6 3 x5 )
q0L3 30 C4
C2 C2 0]
1 EIv
EIv(0) 0 C1
max
2 EIv(L)
EIv
q0 ( 5L3x2 30L2
5L x4
2x5 )
C3
SECTION 9.4
563
Problem 9.4-8 Derive the equation of the deflection curve for a simple beam AB carrying a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 (see figure). Also, determine the maximum deflection max of the beam. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
q0 y A B
Solution 9.4-8
4 v(L)
C3
7q0 L3 360
C1
v v
q0 x3 6L M
C1x
C2 0 q0L 6 C2 0
q0 x (7L4 10L2x2 3x4 ) 360 LEI q0 (7L4 30L2x2 15x4 ) 360 LEI 0 and solve for x: 8 L2 1 x1 0.51933L A 15 v (x1 ) 0.006522 q0 L4 5 225EI 3 2 3
1 EIv
EIv(0) 0 C1 C3
EIv EIv
B.C.
q0 L x2 12 q0 Lx 36
3
C3x 0
C4
C4
8 12 A 15
Problem 9.4-9 Derive the equations of the deflection curve for an overhanging beam ABC subjected to a uniform load of intensity q acting on the overhang (see figure). Also, obtain formulas for the deflection C and angle of rotation C at the end of the overhang. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation). Solution 9.4-9 Beam with an overhang LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c) EIv q EIv C1 EIv C1 x
B.C.
L 2
B.C. B.C.
3 EIv
0 C2 M
(0 (0 (0 EIv(0)
L L
x x x 0 x x
L) L) L) C2 3L 2 3L 2 x 0
4 EI(v) Left qL 2
2
1 EIv q qx
3qL 2
EIv
2
3L 2
0 at x
C4 L qL 8
9qL2 8
C1 x L) C6
EIv EIv
B.C.
qLx2 16 qx3 6
C5 (0 3qLx2 4
C3 V
2 EIv qx2 2
EIv
3qLx 2
EIv
C4
3L 2
9qL2x 8
0
L
C3 3L 2
3L 2
564
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams
B.C.
5 (v) Left C6
(v) Right C5 C5 x 0 C7
at x
L (a) x L)
B.C.
8 v(L)
0 for L x2 )
x (0 17L2x
23qL3 48 C7 (0 0 x L C5 qL3 48
3L C8 2 x L) 10Lx2 2x3 ) x
7qL4 48
v v
EIv
B.C. B.C.
qLx 2 (L 48 EI
q(L x) (7L3 48 EI v 3L 2
0 for 0 qL3 2
3
3qLx 12
9qL x 16
2 2
qL x 2
uC C8 x 3L 2
3L 2
3L 2
Problem 9.4-10 Derive the equations of the deflection curve for a simple beam AB supporting a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0 acting on the right-hand half of the beam (see figure). Also, determine the angles of rotation A and B at the ends and the deflection C at the midpoint. Use the fourth-order differential equation of the deflection curve (the load equation).
y A L 2 C
q0 B
L 2
Solution 9.4-10
LOAD EQUATION (EQ. 9-12 c) Left-hand half (part AC): 0 1 Right-hand half (part CB): 2 PART AC EIv EIv EIv C1 q q C1 x x3 6 q q0 (Lx L q0 Lx2 L 2 0 0 C2 EIv EIv x2 2 C2 C1 C1 x2 2
EIv
C8
L 2 (1)
C2 x
C3
C3 x
C4
q0 (2x L) L q0 (L 2x) L x) x 3
3 2
B.C.
(3)
B.C.
C5 C5 x C6
q0 L2 6
(4)
SECTION 9.5
Method of Superposition
565
B.C.
5 (v) AC 8C3
C1L2
B.C. B.C.
DEFLECTION CURVE FOR PART AC 0 v v uA q0Lx (37L2 40x2 ) 5760EI q0 L (37 L2 120x2 ) 5760EI v(0) v L 2 37q0 L3 5760 EI 3q0 L4 1280 EI
L 2
6 v(0) 7 v(L)
C5 L3
B.C.
3C6 L2
3q0 L 20
(7)
C
8 (v)AC 24C3 L
C1L3
L 2 6C6L2
24C7 L
48C8 (8)
DEFLECTION CURVE FOR PART CB q0 [L2x (37 L2 5760 LEI q0 [L2 (37L2 5760 LEI v(L) 53q0 L3 5760EI
L 2
x 3(2x
40x2 )
L) 5 ]
v uB
120x2 )
30(2x
L) 4 ]
67q0L3 q0L4 CB 5760 1920 Substitute constants into equations for v and v.
Method of Superposition
The problems for Section 9.5 are to be solved by the method of superposition. All beams have constant flexural rigidity EI. Problem 9.5-1 A cantilever beam AB carries three equally spaced concentrated loads, as shown in the figure. Obtain formulas for the angle of rotation B and deflection B at the free end of the beam.
A P P P B L 3 L 3 L 3
Solution 9.5-1 Cantilever beam with 3 loads Table G-1, Cases 4 and 5 P L 2 3 2EI P 2L 2 3 2 EI
B
uB
PL 2 EI
7PL 9 EI
L 2 3 3L 6 EI 5PL3 9 EI
L 3
2L 2 3 3L 6 EI
2L 3
PL3 3 EI
566
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams
Problem 9.5-2 A simple beam AB supports five equally spaced loads P (see figure). (a) Determine the deflection 1 at the midpoint of the beam. (b) If the same total load (5P) is distributed as a uniform load on the beam, what is the deflection 2 at the midpoint? (c) Calculate the ratio of 1 to 2.
P A
P B
L 6
L 6
L 6
L 6
L 6
L 6
5P
5qL4 384 EI
1 2
L R 3
(c) PL 48 EI
3
11 384 144 25
Problem 9.5-3 The cantilever beam AB shown in the figure has an extension BCD attached to its free end. A force P acts at the end of the extension. (a) Find the ratio a/L so that the vertical deflection of point B will be zero. (b) Find the ratio a/L so that the angle of rotation at point B will be zero.
L A D a P C B
Solution 9.5-3
A L
Pa
(a)
0 0
a L a L
2 3 1 2
(b) uB
SECTION 9.5
Method of Superposition
567
Problem 9.5-4 Beam ACB hangs from two springs, as shown in the figure. The springs have stiffnesses k1 and k2 and the beam has flexural rigidity EI. What is the downward displacement of point C, which is at the midpoint of the beam, when the load P is applied? Data for the structure are as follows: P 8.0 kN, L 1.8 m, EI 216 kN m2, k1 250 kN/m, and k2 160 kN/m.
L = 1.8 m
k2 = 160 kN/m B
Solution 9.5-4 P EI k2
Beam hanging from springs Substitute numerical values: (8.0 kN)(1.8 m) 3 C 48 (216 kN m2 ) 8.0 kN 1 4 250 kN m 4.5 mm 20.5 mm 25 mm
Stretch of springs:
A B
1 160 kN m
1 k2
Problem 9.5-5 What must be the equation y f (x) of the axis of the slightly curved beam AB (see figure) before the load is applied in order that the load P, moving along the bar, always stays at the same level?
y A
P B x
Slightly curved beam Initial upward displacement of the beam must equal . Px2 (L x) 2 y 3LEI Px2 (L x) 2 3LEI
568
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams
Problem 9.5-6 Determine the angle of rotation B and deflection B at the free end of a cantilever beam AB having a uniform load of intensity q acting over the middle third of its length (see figure).
q A B
L 3
L 3
L 3
Solution 9.5-6
Cantilever beam (partial uniform load) SUPERPOSITION: Original load Load No. 2 Table G-1, Case 2
B
uB
B
L 3
L 3
L 3
Load No. 1:
B
q 2L 3 4L 24EI 3
q L 3 6EI 3
2L 3
7qL3 162EI
q 1 3 4L 24EI 3
L 3
2L 3
L 3
Load No. 2:
B
L 3
2L 3
Problem 9.5-7 The cantilever beam ACB shown in the figure has flexural rigidity EI 2.1 106 k-in.2 Calculate the downward deflections C and B at points C and B, respectively, due to the simultaneous action of the moment of 35 k-in. applied at point C and the concentrated load of 2.5 k applied at the free end B.
2.5 k
SECTION 9.5
Method of Superposition
569
Solution 9.5-7
A L/2
C L/2
PL3 3EI
L 2 (
EI 2.1 106 k-in.2 M0 35 k-in. P 2.5 k L 96 in. Table G-1, Cases 4.6, and 7
C
M0 (L 2) 2 2EI M0 L2 8EI
5PL3 48EI
P(L 2) 2 3L 6EI (
downward deflection)
L 2
Problem 9.5-8 A beam ABCD consisting of a simple span BD and an overhang AB is loaded by a force P acting at the end of the bracket CEF (see figure). (a) Determine the deflection A at the end of the overhang. (b) Under what conditions is this deflection upward? Under what conditions is it downward?
L 2 A B
L 3 C
2L 3 D
F P a
Solution 9.5-8
P Mo B L 3 C
Beam with bracket and overhang (a) DEFLECTION AT THE END OF THE OVERHANG
A
D 2L 3
Consider part BD of the beam. M0 Pa Table G-2, Cases 5 and 9 uB P (L 3)(2L 3)(5L 3) 6LEI Pa L2 B6 6LEI 3 2L2 R
uB
L 2
PL (10L 162EI
9a)
L2 9
clockwise angle)
570
CHAPTER 9
Deflections of Beams P H A B
Problem 9.5-9 A horizontal load P acts at end C of the bracket ABC shown in the figure. (a) Determine the deflection C of point C. (b) Determine the maximum upward deflection max of member AB. Note: Assume that the flexural rigidity EI is constant throughout the frame. Also, disregard the effects of axial deformations and consider only the effects of bending due to the load P.
max
Mo = PH
PH 2L 3EI
(b) MAXIMUM DEFLECTION OF BEAM AB M0 L2 PHL2 Table G-2, Case 7: max 913EI 913EI M0 L 3EI PHL 3EI
Problem 9.5-10 A beam ABC having flexural rigidity EI 75 kN m2 is loaded by a force P 800 N at end C and tied down at end A by a wire having axial rigidity EA 900 kN (see figure). 0.5 m What is the deflection at point C when the load P is applied?
C P = 800 N
0.5 m D
0.75 m
Solution 9.5-10
A H D L1
M0 L1 3EI
CONSIDER THE STRETCHING OF WIRE AD A 0.5 m (Force in AD) C PL3 2 3EI u (L2 ) B PL1L2 2 3EI
EI P EA H L2
DEFLECTION
C
C OF POINT
PL2H 2 EAL2 1
L2 L1
PL2 H L1 EA
1.50 mm
1.00 mm
1.00 mm
3.50 mm