Professional Documents
Culture Documents
More than 150 years old Beginning it was total private ownership Now it is owned and managed by the GOI Mix of the oldest technology to the latest state of the art Largest employer
Annual output measured in billions Largest network under single management Perceived as harbinger of economic development Considered the lifeline of the nation
2 Million Train Kms 17 Million Passengers 2 Million Tonnes freight loading 8800 Passenger trains 5900 Freight trains
IR's trains cover the round _trip distance between earth and moon, four times a day !
To err is human
1853 :
FIRST TRAIN SERVICE INTRODUCED ON INDIAN RAILWAYS, SEMAPHORE SIGNALS WERE USED.
1825
1856
1872 1874
1906
First Route Relay Interlocking : Churchgate,WR Centralised Traffic Control Became a Must for MAUQ by 1950s Gorakhpur- Chappra) Double Wire Signalling Interlocking: Ghaziabad- Peshawar 23 Stations First Train: Bombay VT Thane
Axle Counter
1853
1894
1920
Train Management
System Churchgate Virar Section
1970
1972
1987
2003
INTERLOCKING
Signaling and interlocking was first introduced on 23 crossing stations between Peshawar and Ghaziabad in the country in 1894. Colour light signaling was introduced on Indian Railways by GIP Railways in 1928 between Bombay VT and Byculla stations. Today, over 82% of total 6527 block stations on Indian Railways are provided with some form of signalling and interlocking arrangements. Over 67% of total interlocked stations on Indian Railways are now provided with colour light signalling.
Interlocking Principle
CHECK
Complete route for reception of train is unoccupied All points are correctly set & locked All Conflicting signals are at Danger Position(RED) Level Crossing gates (if any) are closed
* Progress of Interlocking
5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 19 5051 19 6465
ST D-III
19 7071
19 8081
19 9091
20 0001
20 0102
20 0506
ST D-II
ST D-I
MNI/NI
Installation
Status
Colour Light Signal Stations
(in units)
As on 31.03.07
Automatic PI/RRI/SSI (Track kms.) Block Signalling Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signalling (No. of stations) Automatic Block Signalling
Mech
lever frame
220 stns
6708 nos.
234 157
329 RKms
Signalling Growth on IR
Stations
1969
1979
1989
5403 1899 895 123 2051
2001
5647 3009 2103 219 14 3419
2007
5692 4318 3250 234 157 3356 8147 15872
Interlocked 4815 5091 MACLS 997 PI 314 RRI 90 SSI/EI Auto Signals 825 1437 (TKm.) Interlocked Gates Gates with phone -
Electronic interlocking is the modern signaling system using solid state technology.
3641 locations provided with PI/RRI/SSIs. Provision of 900 PI/RRI/SSI works are in progress, including about 230 SSIs.
Equipment/System
Track circuit Block working with axle counter,Automatic signalling,ACD AWS, ACD
Track Circuit
Eliminates use of human agency to physically ensure occupation or otherwise of the track. Detects presence or otherwise of a train through an electrical circuit, in which rails form a part of the circuit. Prevents reception of a train on an occupied line.
Track Circuit
Insulation joints
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 200598 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 Total
29 8064 5100
16 12234
98 99 00 01 02 20 07 20
92
94 19
19
19
96
19
19
20
20
Axle Counter
Eliminates requirement of insulated joints & wooden/concrete sleepers . Useful in station yards, where drainage is poor. Length of track circuit is not limited. More than 4000 nos. axle counters for track circuiting and 632 block sections for block working (last vehicle proving) are installed. Digital axle counter - high reliability. Indigenous Development/Cross Approval of DAC
So far about 3000 signal aspects have been provided with LED based signals and work in progress for another 5000 signal aspects
.4 Km
1 Km 2 Distant
nd
1 Km Inner Distant
Home
DOUBLE DISTANT
Y y
y R
1 km
1 km
SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN RUNNING TIME OF TRAINS DRIVERS CONFIDENCE INCREASED FOR RUN THROUGH TRAINS
Monitoring system
Microwave Backup
Communication line
,
THE NEW DIAGONSIS TOOL FOR SAFETY & IMPROVED TRAIN OPERATIONS- DATA LOGGERS
DATA LOGGERS HELP DETECTING Drivers passing a Signal at Danger Station staff making mistake of Placing Signal at Danger at last minute. Driver passing on a turnout at excessive speed. Station staff inattentive and delays in taking off the signal. Equipment failing in unsafe condition. Problems in signalling circuits due to design or maintenance. Problems due to electric power fluctuations. P-way deficiencies in the turnouts not noticed during maintenance. Improper maintenance of track circuits due to poor ballast conditions. Signal staff working on the equipment and making mistakes.
Euro balise based . Functionality and MMI similar to ETCS-I (limited mobility) Prevention of Signal Passing at Danger (Red signal)- SPAD Automatic Speed Control and Train Protection. Speed Indication in the cab Enforcement of temporary speed restrictions at Work Sites
ACD Status
ACD system on 1800 Kms of BG section of N.F. Railway introduced on trial in the year 2004-05 &
Level Crossings
Unmanned Level crossings = 20738 Manned level Crossings =16607 Action plan in progress to provide:
Interlocking arrangements Telephones Train actuated warning devices (TAWD)
26
14729 6708 14
19 95
19 97
19 99
20 01
20 07
S.No.
Description
1.
Interlocking
Route relay interlocking 2. Power supply Conventional Integrated power supply & Solar power packs
arrangement 3. Track circuits DC & AC Jointless track circuit e.g. AFTC suitable for both AC & DC. Digital
4.
Axle counters
Analog
5.
Signals
6.
Signal lamps
triple
LED signals
7.
Signalling Cables
Copper
8.
Point machines
Suitable for 115 mm switch opening and a rated life of 0.15 million operations
Fit for 160 mm switch opening with external clamp lock and a rated life of one million operations
9.
Networking of data loggers and providing centralized NMS for maintenance of signaling system Block proving by axle counters, Automatic block Signaling , Radio block, Moving block
10.
Block working
11.
Collision Protection
12.
Suggestions
Application of Modern Signaling & Telecom systems can provide specific solutions for permitting more and more trains to be run by capacity enhancement measures and at higher levels of speed, with adequate safety level and at an optimum cost but choice of Technology to improve safety through reduced human dependence, intervention should be based on reliability,maintainability,cost,proveness and made suitable for Indian conditions. Training in adopting new technology should be given at centralized training institutes like IRISET by the vendor before its introduction on IR.
Suggetions continued
-Industry, R&D Centres and Educational Institutions to work along with Indian Railways for developing and delivering solutions.
-The evaluation of Rail operation-related
personnel is a very delicate task if we bear in mind that what is at stake is the safety of a mode of public transport. Despite the technological improvements and the skill acquired through experience, it constitutes a preliminary condition for ensuring the reliability of the personnel directly related to safety.
- The safety system in which humans are involved must be subject to a permanent preventative monitoring process on the part of instructors, doctors and psychologists. - Human reliability in the Railway depends directly on the coherence of the multidisciplinary team in charge of the preventative monitoring of the aptitudes of the Rail employees in the performance of their duties and the tasks involved in their job.