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Yhbs kaa` bs prbgtci ag odbi%lrcc popcr'

Dapyrbjht © ;662 ky Nahg Zbmcy , Tags- Bgd' Omm rbjhts rcscrvci

Vukmbshci ky Nahg Zbmcy , Tags- Bgd'- Haka`cg- Gcw Ncrscy

Vukmbshci sbeumtogcausmy bg Dogoio

Ga port al thbs pukmbdotbag eoy kc rcpraiudci- starci bg o rctrbcvom systce- ar trogsebttci bg ogy lare ar ky ogy ecogs- cmcdtragbd- ecdhogbdom- phatadapybgj- rcdaribgj- sdoggbgj- ar athcrwbsc- cxdcpt os pcrebttci ugicr Tcdtbag ?6: ar ?68 al thc ?2:< Sgbtci Ttotcs Dapyrbjht Odt- wbthaut cbthcr thc prbar wrbttcg pcrebssbag al thc Vukmbshcr- ar outharbzotbag thraujh poyecgt al thc oppraprbotc pcrdapy lcc ta thc Dapyrbjht Dmcorogdc Dcgtcr- ;;; [ascwaai Irbvc- Iogvcrs- EO 6?2;4- (2:8" :36%8966- lox (2:8" <9<%8<66- ar ag thc wck ot www'dapyrbjht'dae' [cqucsts ta thc Vukmbshcr lar pcrebssbag shaumi kc oiircssci ta thc Vcrebssbags Icportecgt- Nahg Zbmcy , Tags- Bgd'- ??? [bvcr Ttrcct- Haka`cg- GN 6:646- (;6?" :98%<6??- lox (;6?" :98%<668- ar agmbgc ot www'wbmcy'dae!ja!pcrebssbags'

Mbebt al Mbokbmbty!Ibsdmobecr al Zorrogty> Zhbmc thc pukmbshcr ogi thc outhar hovc usci thcbr kcst cllarts bg prcporbgj thbs kaa`- thcy eo`c ga rcprcscgtotbags ar worrogtbcs wbth rcspcdt ta thc oddurody ar daepmctcgcss al thc dagtcgts al thbs kaa` ogi spcdblbdommy ibsdmobe ogy bepmbci worrogtbcs al ecrdhogtokbmbty ar lbtgcss lar o portbdumor purpasc' Ga worrogty eoy kc drcotci ar cxtcgici ky somcs rcprcscgtotbvcs ar wrbttcg somcs eotcrboms' Yhc oivbdc ogi strotcjbcs dagtobgci hcrcbg eoy gat kc subtokmc lar yaur sbtuotbag' Rau shaumi dagsumt wbth o pralcssbagom whcrc oppraprbotc' Gcbthcr thc pukmbshcr gar thc outhar shomm kc mbokmc lar ogy mass al pralbt ar ogy athcr daeecrdbom ioeojcs- bgdmuibgj kut gat mbebtci ta spcdbom- bgdbicgtom- dagscqucgtbom- ar athcr ioeojcs'

Lar jcgcrom bglareotbag okaut aur athcr praiudts ogi scrvbdcs- pmcosc dagtodt aur Dustaecr Dorc Icportecgt wbthbg thc Sgbtci Ttotcs ot (866" :<;%;2:9- autsbic thc Sgbtci Ttotcs ot (4?:" 3:;%4224 ar lox (4?:" 3:;%966;'

Zbmcy pukmbshcs bg o vorbcty al prbgt ogi cmcdtragbd lareots ogi ky prbgt%ag%iceogi' Taec eotcrbom bgdmuici wbth stogiori prbgt vcrsbags al thbs kaa` eoy gat kc bgdmuici bg c%kaa`s ar bg prbgt%ag%iceogi' Bl thbs kaa` rclcrs ta ecibo sudh os o DI ar I\I thot bs gat bgdmuici bg thc vcrsbag yau purdhosci- yau eoy iawgmaoi thbs eotcrbom ot http>!!kaa`suppart'wbmcy'dae' Lar earc bglareotbag okaut Zbmcy praiudts- vbsbt www'wbmcy'dae'

MBK[O[R AL DAGJ[CTT DOYOMAJBGJ%BG%VSKMBDOYBAG IOYO>

@bmecr- [asceory'

Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs ogi ictobms lar bgtcrbars > kosbd s`bmms ! [asceory @bmecr- Z' Atbc @bmecr' ’ ;gi ci'

p' de'

[cv' ci' al> Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs ogi ictobms lar bgtcrbars > kosbd s`bmms ! Z' Atbc @bmecr- [asceory @bmecr' d;664'

Bgdmuics bgicx'

BTKG 2:8%6%9:6%?269?%8 (pk`'"

?' Kubmibgj’Ictobms’Irowbgjs' ;' Bgtcrbar ordhbtcdturc' 4' Ttrudturom irowbgj' B' @bmecr- Z' Atbc' Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs ogi ictobms lar bgtcrbars' BB' Ybtmc'

YH;64?'@39 ;662

:;2'6;;’id;;

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A``f bjsomk ay Qogcnrb @ro`d`

Pltjh Tcnh

Bfpyrlnot

Cbiafwjh`nehats

Latrf`ubtlfa

Sort ?8 Arowkn` Efmmunkeotkfn* Lqukpmlnt* Bunaomlntojs* ona Ejosskbkeotkfn Uystlms

Bocpthr 3; @rcwlan cs Bfeeualbctlfa

@rcwlan gfr L`hc Nhahrctlfa

@rcwlan cs @hslna ca` Trhshatctlfa Eh`lc

@rcwlan cs c Nul`h gfr Bfastrubtlfa

Lssuhs Cgghbtlan Ofw Lathrlfr @hslnahrs Bfeeualbcth

Bocpthr =; @rcgtlan Hqulpehat ca` Pohlr Bcrh

@rcwlan Pcmjhs ca` Rurgcbhs

@rcwlan Tcphrs ca` Tjcstlb Glje

Thabljs* Jhc`s* ca` Thas

Tcrcjjhj Mcr* P%squcrh* ca` @rcgtlan Ecbolahs

Prlcanjhs* Phepjcths* ca` Bfepcsshs

C``ltlfacj Hqulpehat

bocpthr 2; @rcwlan ca` @rcgtlan Gua`cehatcjs

Rtcrtlan toh @rcwlan

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s* Cmmrhvlctlfas* ca` Ryemfjs

bocpthr 0; @rcwlan Bjcsslglbctlfa Rysthes

Eujtlvlhw @rcwlans

Rlanjh%vlhw @rcwlans

Cxfafehtrlb Trfkhbtlfas

Fmjlquh Trfkhbtlfas

Thrsphbtlvh @rcwlans

Sort 98 Efntroet Afeumlnts

bocpthr 8; Bfastrubtlfa @rcwlans* Rphblglbctlfas* ca` Bfatrcbts

Rphblglbctlfas

Bfastrubtlfa @rcwlans

Nul`hjlahs gfr Trhpcrlan Bfastrubtlfa @rcwlans

@rcwlan Bfavhatlfas ca` ]hprhshatctlfas

Ef`ujcr Xalts

bocpthr 7; Cs%Muljt @rcwlans ca` @hefjltlfa Tjcas

Cs%Muljt @rcwlans

@hefjltlfa Tjcas

bocpthr >; Gjffr Tjcas

Gjffr Tjcas la Ef`ujcr Xalts

^cjj ca` Tcrtltlfa Pyphs ca` Bfastrubtlfa

Rbcjh fg Gjffr Tjcas

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s

^cjjs la Tjca Wlhw

@ffrs ca` ^la`fws la Tjca Wlhw

Nrcpolb ca` Phxt Aftctlfa fa Gjffr Tjcas

Crbolthbturcj Ryemfjs

@lehaslfalan Gjffr Tjcas

@hslnactlfa fg Ecthrlcjs

Bohbijlst gfr Gjffr Tjcas

bocpthr ?; Glrh ca` Jlgh Rcghty Tjcas

Mulj`lan Bf`h Bfepjlcabh Cacjysls

Glrh ca` Jlgh Rcghty Tjcas

Bohbijlst gfr Bf`h Bfepjlcabh ca` Glrh ca` Jlgh Rcghty Tjcas

bocpthr <; Hjhvctlfas

Hxthrlfr Hjhvctlfas

Lathrlfr Hjhvctlfas

Rbcjh fg Lathrlfr Hjhvctlfas

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s gfr Lathrlfr Hjhvctlfas

@hslnactlfa fg Ecthrlcjs

@lehaslfalan Hjhvctlfas

Bohbijlst gfr Lathrlfr Hjhvctlfas

bocpthr 34; Rhbtlfas

Pyphs fg Rhbtlfa @rcwlans

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s

Mulj`lan Rhbtlfas

Rhbtlfas fg Lathrlfr Rpcbhs

^cjj Rhbtlfas

@htclj ca` Fmkhbt Rhbtlfas

Bohbijlst gfr Rhbtlfa @rcwlans

bocpthr 33; Rphblcjty @rcwlans

Turpfsh fg Rphblcjty @rcwlans

Rtclrs ca` ]ceps

Bohbijlst gfr Rtclrwcys

Eljjwfri

Bohbijlst gfr @rcwlan Eljjwfri

Bcmlahtry

Bohbijlst gfr Bcmlahtry

Glrhpjcbhs

Bohbijlst gfr Glrhpjcbh @rcwlans

bocpthr 3=; @ffr ca` ^la`fw Rboh`ujhs

@ffrs

@ffr Bjcsslglbctlfas; Fphrctlfa* Pyphs* ca` Ecthrlcjs

@ffr Ocr`wcrh

@ffr ca` Ocr`wcrh Rboh`ujhs

Bohbijlst gfr @ffr ca` Ocr`wcrh Rboh`ujhs

^la`fws

^la`fw Rboh`ujhs

Bohbijlst gfr ^la`fw Rboh`ujhs

bocpthr 32; Glalso Rboh`ujhs ca` Glalso Tjcas

]ffe Glalso Rboh`ujhs

Bohbijlst gfr ]ffe Glalso Rboh`ujhs

Glalso Tjcas

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s gfr Glalso Tjcas

Bohbijlst gfr Glalso Tjcas

bocpthr 30; Guralturh Lastcjjctlfa Tjcas

Rbcjh fg Guralturh Lastcjjctlfa Tjcas

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s gfr Guralturh Lastcjjctlfa Tjcas

@lehaslfalan Guralturh Lastcjjctlfa Tjcas

@hslnactlfa fg Ecthrlcjs

Bohbijlst gfr Guralturh Lastcjjctlfa Tjcas

bocpthr 38; Guralsolans ca` Hqulpehat Tjcas

Rbcjh fg @rcwlans

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s

@hslnactlfa fg Ecthrlcjs

@lehaslfalan Guralsolans ca` Hqulpehat Tjcas

Bohbijlst gfr Guralsolans ca` Hqulpehat Tjcas

bocpthr 37; ]hgjhbth` Bhljlan* Jlnotlan* ca` Hjhbtrlbcj Tjcas

Jlnotlan

Pyphs fg @rcwlans

Pyphs fg Bhljlan Rysthes

Bf`h Lssuhs Cgghbtlan Jlnotlan

Rustclacmljlty Lssuhs la Jlnotlan ca` @cyjlnotlan

Jlnotlan ca` toh ]hgjhbth` Bhljlan Tjca

Bohbijlst gfr ]hgjhbth` Bhljlan Tjcas

Hjhbtrlbcj fr Tfwhr Tjcas

Bohbijlst gfr Hjhbtrlbcj Tjcas

bocpthr 3>; Ehbocalbcj ca` Tjuemlan Tjcas

Ehbocalbcj /OWCB, Tjcas

Rbcjh fg OWCB Tjcas

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s gfr OWCB Tjcas

@hslnactlfa fg OWCB Ecthrlcjs

Bohbijlst gfr Ehbocalbcj Tjcas

Tjuemlan Tjcas

Rbcjh fg Tjuemlan @rcwlans

@rcgtlan Rtca`cr`s gfr Tjuemlan @rcwlans

@hslnactlfa fg Ecthrlcjs gfr Tjuemlan Tjcas

@lehaslfalan Tjuemlan Tjcas

Bohbijlst gfr Tjuemlan Tjcas

bocpthr 3?; ]hprf`ubtlfa Ehtof`s ca` Bfeputhrs

]hprf`ubtlfa fg @rcwlans

Xslan Bfeputhrs gfr @hslna* Bfeeualbctlfa* ca` @rcgtlan

Cppha`lx C; Hxcepjh Auemhrlan gfr Rlepjh Lathrlfr Trfkhbt

Cppha`lx M; EcsthrGfrectℭ ‒ =440 H`ltlfa Jhvhj 3 ca` = Auemhrs ca` Pltjhs

Cppha`lx B; Rcepjh C@C Nul`hjlahs

Cppha`lx @; Cmmrhvlctlfas gfr Bfastrubtlfa @rcwlans

Njfsscry

La`hx

Cbiafwjh`nehats

Zrbtbgj o scdagi cibtbag al o kaa` bs eudh mb`c wrbtbgj thc arbjbgom agc- hawcvcr- thc pradcss bs o mbttmc cosbcr sbgdc wc*vc kccg thraujh bt agdc' Bg og cllart ta `ccp up wbth thc ropbimy oivogdbgj tcdhgamajy bg thc bgtcrbar icsbjg ogi ordhbtcdturom pralcssbags- bt hos to`cg thc `gawmcijc ogi s`bmms al scvcrom pcapmc ta krbgj thbs scdagi cibtbag ta lrubtbag' Yhc outhars wbsh ta cxprcss thcbr sbgdcrc thog`s ta thc lammawbgj pcapmc- wha hcmpci bg thc icvcmapecgt al gcw eotcrbom- rcvbsbag al cxbstbgj bglareotbag- ogi prcporotbag al thbs scdagi cibtbag'

Lbrst- wc waumi mb`c ta thog` aur durrcgt ogi larecr stuicgts- wha dagtbguc ta shaw thcbr cgthusbose ta mcorg earc ogi earc codh ycor- whbdh dhommcgjcs us ta `ccp okrcost al thc bssucs ogi kcst prodtbdc stogioris lodbgj thc bgtcrbar icsbjg pralcssbag' Yhbs cibtbag bgdmuics war` ky thc lammawbgj tomcgtci ogi horiwar`bgj stuicgts> Mbso Ybmmeog- Moebs Kchkchogb- ogi Mbso \ogzcc'

Tpcdbom opprcdbotbag bs cxprcssci ta thc pralcssbagoms ogi arjogbzotbags thot pravbici us wbth bmmustrotbags ogi pcrebssbags ta usc thcbr eotcrboms ta eo`c thbs cibtbag o trumy vbsuom cxpcrbcgdc' Zc orc cspcdbommy thog`lum ta @NJ Ordhbtcdturc- Bgd'- Jcttys Dhbdoja- Eorcjottb Bgtcrbars- Ttuiba 4 Icsbjg- Kak Hasoggo- Daurtgcy Nahgstag- OutaIcs`- Yhc Dagstrudtbag Tpcdblbdotbags Bgstbtutc- @roltEobi Dokbgctry- ogi Hcwmctt%Vod`ori Daepogy' Cvcry cllart hos kccg eoic ta darrcdtmy suppmy thc prapcr drcibt bglareotbag'

Zc orc jrotclum ta o guekcr al bgtcrbar icsbjg ciudotars thraujhaut thc daugtry lar thcbr hcmplum sujjcstbags os ta whot gccici ta kc rcvbsci ar bgdmuici bg thbs cibtbag ta trumy kc hcmplum ta thc stuicgts ogi bgstrudtars bg bgtcrbar icsbjg'

Zc orc iccpmy jrotclum ta thc icibdotci stoll ot Nahg Zbmcy , Tags lar thcbr jubiogdc- ossbstogdc- ogi icibdotbag ta thbs cibtbag' Zc orc portbdumormy bgicktci ta Voum Iraujos lar hbs suppart- ugicrstogibgj- ogi pcrscvcrogdc ta daepmctc thbs prancdt' Yhog` yau- Voum- lar kcmbcvbgj bg us'

O spcdbom thog`s ta Mbso \ogzcc- aur ioujhtcr- whasc cxpcrtbsc ogi s`bmms bg daeputcr jrophbd tcdhgamajy cgrbdhci thbs cibtbag beecgscmy' Zc waumi omsa mb`c ta thog` Ncll ogi Daurtgcy Nahgstag- aur ioujhtcr ogi sag%bg%mow- lar thcbr pralcssbagom cxpcrbcgdc- os ta dagtceparory stogioris ogi prodtbdcs'

East al omm- wc waumi mb`c ta od`gawmcijc codh athcr (Atbc ogi [asceory"- os wc hovc kccg dagstogt daepogbags ogi dammcojucs lar eogy ycors' Zbthaut thc mavc- suppart- ogi eatbvotbag thot wc shorc wbth codh athcr wc waumi gat kc okmc ta dagtbguc ta cxpmarc gcw harbzags'

Latrf`ubtlfa

Yhc scdagi cibtbag al thbs kaa` kubmis upag thc laugiotbags al thc lbrst cibtbag ogi cxpogis ag durrcgt prodtbdcs ogi bglareotbag gat bgdmuici bg thot cibtbag' Yhc outhars wbsh ta thog` thc eogy stuicgts- tcodhcrs- ogi pralcssbagoms wha usci thc lbrst cibtbag ogi jovc us vomuokmc bgput os ta whot gccici ta kc cxpogici- rcvbsci- ar oiici'

Yhc icsbjg pradcss lar ordhbtcdturom bgtcrbars bgvamvcs o scrbcs al phoscs- codh al whbdh eoy domm lar irowbgjs' Ot thc autsct- thcsc eoy bgdmuic prajroeebgj- sdhceotbds- prcmbebgory- ogi icsbjg icvcmapecgt irowbgjs' Tudh prcscgtotbag irowbgjs orc drcotci ta dagvcy cmcecgts- spotbom rcmotbagshbps- eotcrboms- damar sdhcecs- lurgbturc- lurgbshbgjs- ogi cqubpecgt- os gcdcssory ta sct thc icsbjg dagdcpt lar og bgtcrbar' Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs orc praiudci thot lammaw thc icsbjg bgtcgt icvcmapci thraujh thcsc cormbcr irowbgjs' Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs- omsa `gawg os war`bgj irowbgjs- orc jrophbd rcprcscgtotbags thot daeeugbdotc haw ta dagstrudt- rceaicm- ar bgstomm o prancdt' Yhcsc irowbgjs omsa bgdmuic rcmotci bglareotbag- sudh os raae icsbjgotbags0 iaar- wbgiaw- ogi lbxturc madotbags0 ibecgsbags0 eotcrboms0 ogi athcr ictobms'

Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs bgvamvc dagsbicrokmc tbec ogi ottcgtbag ta ictobm' Bg eogy pralcssbagom icsbjg lbres- avcr 36 pcrdcgt al o prancdt lcc (poyecgt lrae thc dmbcgt ta thc icsbjgcr" ebjht kc ommadotci ta prcporbgj dagstrudtbag irowbgjs ogi thc rcmotci spcdblbdotbags' Yhbs ottcsts ta thc bepartogdc al dagstrudtbag irowbgjs bg thc avcromm pradcss al icsbjgbgj ogi dagstrudtbag cgvbragecgts'

Bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs orc pmoybgj o morjcr ramc bg daaribgotbgj bgtcrbar prancdts ogi praiudbgj dagstrudtbag irowbgjs' Bgtcrbar icsbjg ogi dagstrudtbag rcqubrcs saec ugbquc typcs al irowbgjs gat daeeagmy laugi bg tcxtkaa`s ar durrbdumo' Bt bs ta spco` ta thbs gcci thot thbs kaa` wos drcotci’os o hogikaa` ta prcporbgj dagstrudtbag irowbgjs samcmy lar thc lbcmi al bgtcrbar icsbjg'

Yhbs kaa` hos kccg icsbjgci lar twa jraups al uscrs> stuicgts bg bgtcrbar icsbjg sdhaams ogi bgtcrgs bg thc allbdcs thot icsbjg bgtcrbars0 ogi pralcssbagom bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs ogi ordhbtcdts wha gcci o kosbd- yct daeprchcgsbvc sct al stogioris ogi tcdhgbqucs' Lar stuicgts ar bgtcrgs- thcsc pojcs orc kcst usci wbth og bgstrudtar ar ecgtar wha dog prcscgt thc pukmbshci eotcrboms- kut oujecgt thce wbth suppmcecgtom bglareotbag ogi athcr cxcrdbscs'

Daeputcr%obici irowbgj (DOI" prajroes orc taams thot hovc kcdaec bgtcjrom ta bgtcrbar icsbjg' Yhbs kaa` thus pravbics o jcgcrom bgtraiudtbag ta usbgj thc daeputcr' Bt krbclmy ibsdusscs cmcdtragbdommy starbgj ogi rctrbcvbgj thc iaduecgts lar durrcgt ogi luturc prancdts' Eogy cmcecgts al o durrcgt prancdt dog kc dapbci ogi cosbmy eaiblbci lar luturc oppmbdotbag bg athcr prancdts' Bg thbs eoggcr- icsbjgcrs dog kubmi o icsbjg iotokosc' Yaioy- beojcs- irowbgjs- ogi athcr bglareotbag orc scgt cmcdtragbdommy ta dmbcgts- dagsumtogts- suppmbcrs- kubmicrs- ogi athcr pralcssbagoms' Yhbs bs o mcop ohcoi al sudh post ecthais os dapybgj ogi eobmbgj ar scgibgj tcmcphagbd lodsbebmc' Zar`bgj cmcdtragbdommy hos dhogjci eogy al thc woys icsbjgcrs daeeugbdotc thcbr war`- ogi bs dagtbguommy cvamvbgj'

Hawcvcr- thbs bs gat o tcxtkaa` ag haw ta irolt wbth thc daeputcr- ar ag thc usc al spcdblbd iroltbgj saltworc' Daeputcr horiworc ogi saltworc orc dagstogtmy kcbgj upjroici ogi bepravci' Lar thbs rcosag- thbs kaa` laduscs ag haw ta bgdarparotc o jcgcrbd DOI oppraodh ta thc irowbgj pradcss' Cxoepmcs orc prcscgtci thraujhaut thc kaa` al kath cmcdtragbd ogi hogi%irowg drcotbags' Omthaujh eogy icsbjgcrs usc DOI hcovbmy bg thcbr war`- o sbjgblbdogt guekcr ia gat lummy usc bt lar omm ospcdts al thc irowbgj pradcss' Zcmm%cxcdutci hogi irowbgjs dog stbmm kc cllcdtbvc icsbjg cxpmarotbag ogi daeeugbdotbag taams- ogi saectbecs thcy orc cvcg war`s al ort'

Yhbs kaa` bs arjogbzci bg twa ports' Vort ? (Dhoptcrs ? thraujh 9" lbrst ibsdusscs jrophbd mogjuojc os o daeeugbdotbag taam bg icsbjg ogi ordhbtcdturc' Dhoptcr ? (Irowbgj os Daeeugbdotbag" hos kccg cxpogici ta bgdmuic bglareotbag ag ugbvcrsom icsbjg- sustobgokmc icsbjg- Mcoicrshbp bg Cgcrjy ogi Cgvbragecgtom Icsbjg (MCCI"- ogi Kubmibgj Bglareotbag Eaicmbgj (KBE"'

Dhoptcrs ; ogi 4 prcscgt kosbd iroltbgj ogi cqubpecgt gccis lar thc kcjbggbgj stuicgt' Dhoptcr 9 prcscgts thc irowbgj dmossblbdotbag systces ogi haw thcy orc usci lar bico jcgcrotbag ogi daeeugbdotbag'

Vort ; (Dhoptcrs 3 thraujh ?:" ictobm thc dagstrudtbag iaduecgt pradcss' Avcromm dagdcpts ogi arjogbzotbag orc ibsdussci- os orc spcdblbd cxoepmcs' O gcw Dhoptcr < hos kccg oiici ta bgdmuic lbcmi ecosurbgj cxbstbgj kubmibgjs ogi bgtcrbars- os%kubmt irowbgjs- ogi prcporbgj iceambtbag pmogs'

Dhoptcr : hos kccg cxpogici ta bgdmuic eaiumor bglareotbag- womm ogi portbtbag typcs- ogi dagstrudtbag'

O gcw Dhoptcr 8 hos kccg oiici ta bgdmuic lbrc ogi mblc%solcty pmogs' Yhbs dhoptcr omsa ibsdusscs prcporbgj irowbgjs lar spcdblbd kubmibgj daic daepmbogdc ogi rcvbcw ky thc vorbaus outharbtbcs wha hovc nurbsibdtbag avcr gcw kubmibgjs ogi rceaicmbgj al cxbstbgj agcs'

Dhoptcr ?6 al thc lbrst cibtbag hos kccg eoic bgta o gcw dhoptcr spcdblbdommy ag iaars ogi wbgiaws' Iaar typcs- lroecs- ogi horiworc hovc kccg cxpogici upag bg thbs cibtbag'

[aae lbgbsh sdhciumcs ogi earc ictobmci lbgbsh pmogs hovc kccg bgdarparotci bgta o gcw Dhoptcr ?4'

Dhoptcr ?< hos kccg cxpogici ta bgdmuic dcbmbgj systces- sustobgokbmbty- MCCI- ioymbjhtbgj- ogi cgcrjy dagscrvotbag'

East dhcd`mbsts ot thc cgi al codh dhoptcr hovc kccg cxpogici bg sdapc ogi rclcrcgdci ta kubmibgj daic ogi OIO rcqubrcecgts' Eogy gcw bmmustrotbags hovc kccg oiici ogi amicr irowbgjs hovc kccg rcpmodci wbth gcw agcs ta earc dmcormy shaw thc spcdblbds ibsdussci bg thc wrbtbgjs'

Dhoptcr ?8 ibsdusscs thc usc al daeputcrs ogi thc vorbaus systces lar rcpraiudbgj dagstrudtbag irowbgjs'

Cxoepmcs usci bg thc kaa` bgdmuic kath rcsbicgtbom ogi daeecrdbom bgtcrbars' Hawcvcr- earc cephosbs bs pmodci ag daeecrdbom prancdts- os thcsc bgstommotbags usuommy rcqubrc earc bg%icpth ictobmbgj- daaribgotbag- ogi altcg eumtbpmc irowbgjs!shccts iuc ta thc morjcr spodcs ogi guekcr al kubmibgj troics rcqubrci' Yhc bmmustrotbags rcprcscgt hbjh stogioris ogi dog scrvc os jubics lar icsbjg> mbgc war`- mcttcrbgj- gatotbag- ogi ibecgsbagbgj thot stuicgts dog ospbrc ta bg thcbr awg war`' Bg oiibtbag ta thc outhars* irowbgjs- cxoepmcs orc bgdmuici lrae prodtbdbgj pralcssbagoms'

Irowbgjs ogi ictobms al bgtcrbars orc bgdmuici lrae o vorbcty al jcajrophbdom orcos’os icsbjg bicos- eotcrbom- cgvbragecgtom lodtars- ogi oddcptci stogioris vory thraujhaut thc warmi' Vrancdts orc omsa shawg bg rcmotbag ta thcbr daepmbogdcs wbth thc Oecrbdogs wbth Ibsokbmbtbcs Odt (OIO" ogi athcr daic rcqubrcecgts' Ibecgsbags shawg orc altcg bgibdotci bg lcct ogi bgdhcs- wbth ectrbd cqubvomcgts lar Dogoibog ogi bgtcrgotbagom oppmbdotbags'

Oppcgibdcs ogi o jmassory orc bgdmuici mbstbgj daeeagmy usci tcres- jrophbd stogioris- ogi athcr bglareotbag rcmotci ta thc prcporotbag al dagstrudtbag irowbgjs lar bgtcrbars'

Tcrt Fah

Bocpthr 3

@rcwlan cs Bfeeualbctlfa

Bicos ogi pmogs orc lareci bg thc bgtcrbar icsbjgcr‒s ebgi- kut ta kc trogslareci bgta rcombty- thcy hovc ta kc daeeugbdotci ta athcrs' Omthaujh o icsbjgcr eoy hovc o jrcot bico- bt eust kc cllcdtbvcmy daeeugbdotci ar bt wbmm rceobg nust og bico ogi gcvcr eavc kcyagi dagdcptbag' Bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs ogi athcr pralcssbagoms bg thc kubmibgj bgiustry usc irowbgjs os thc prbeory ecogs al icvcmapbgj ogi shorbgj thcbr bicos' Bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs ogi ordhbtcdts ia o mat al s`ctdhbgj ogi irowbgj' Yhcy icvcmap thcbr s`bmms bg lrcchogi irowbgj ky s`ctdhbgj cxbstbgj akncdts ogi spodcs bg thc cgvbragecgt (Lbjurc ?%?"'

Yhcsc soec s`bmms al akscrvotbag ogi s`ctdhbgj orc thcg usci bg vbsuombzbgj icsbjgs lar gcw spodcs ogi akncdts (Lbjurc ?%;"'

BK@\YL ?-? T`ctdhbgj cxbstbgj akncdts ogi spodcs hcmp icsbjgcrs icvcmap thcbr lrcchogi irowbgj s`bmms'

Bk`url ?-9 Icsbjgcrs dog usc thcbr lrcchogi irowbgj s`bmms ta vbsuombzc ogi s`ctdh gcw spodcs ogi akncdts'

Yhbs pradcss al krobg- cyc- ogi hogi daaribgotbag bs og bgtrbgsbd port al icsbjg' Ordhbtcdturom irowbgjs dog kc jraupci bgta thrcc kosbd typcs> irowbgj os bico jcgcrotbag- irowbgj os o icsbjg ogi prcscgtotbag ecibue- ogi irowbgj os o jubic lar thc dagstrudtbag pradcss' Yhcrc orc ibstbgdt ibllcrcgdcs kctwccg codh al thcsc typcs- yct thcy omm dagtobg saec daeeag irowbgj taams- tcdhgbqucs- stogioris- ogi jrophbd mogjuojc'

Icsbjg daeeugbdotbag bs omsa bglmucgdci ky bssucs thot rcjumotc thc kubmibgj bgiustry- sudh os kubmibgj daics thot pratcdt thc hcomth- solcty- ogi wcmlorc al thc pukmbd' Durrcgtmy- athcr bssucs-sudh os ugbvcrsom icsbjg- sustobgokbmbty- ogi MCCI (Mcoicrshbp bg Cgcrjy ogi Cgvbragecgtom Icsbjg"- ogi Kubmibgj Bglareotbag Eaicmbgj (KBE" ollcdt thc woy icsbjgcrs daeeugbdotc thcbr bicos'

Arowkn` bfr Kalo @lnlrotkfn

Bico jcgcrotbag ossbsts thc icsbjgcr bg war`bgj thraujh ogi vbsuombzbgj thc samutbag ta o prakmce' Icsbjgcrs usc eogy ibllcrcgt typcs al irowbgjs ta jcgcrotc ogi krbgj ta rcombty thcbr drcotbvc bicos' Yhcsc irowbgjs dog kc bg thc lare al qubd` lrcchogi s`ctdhcs bmmustrotbgj ibllcrcgt `bgis al vbcws (Lbjurc ?%4"'

Bk`url ?-5 _ubd` lrcchogi s`ctdhcs sudh os thbs lmaar pmog ogi cmcvotbag dog kc usci ta krbgj icsbjgcrs‒ drcotbvc bicos ta rcombty'

Eogy tbecs thcsc typcs al irowbgjs orc gat shawg ta dmbcgts kut orc usci samcmy ta hcmp icsbjgcrs shopc thcbr bicos bgta o vbsuom lare' Yhc irowbgjs orc gat bgtcgici ta kc thc lbgom samutbag ta og bico- kut rothcr ta ommaw thc icsbjgcr ta cxpmarc omtcrgotbvcs ar rclbgc og bico' Yhcy omsa hcmp ta rcdari icsbjgcrs‒ twa% ogi thrcc%ibecgsbagom thbg`bgj' Yhcsc dagdcpt s`ctdhcs ogi irowbgjs orc port al o scqucgdc al icsbjg stcps rclcrrci ta os thc icsbjg pradcss (Lbjurc ?%9"'

Bk`url ?-1 Ogomysbs dhorts- dagdcpt s`ctdhcs- ogi irowbgjs orc port al o scqucgdc al icsbjg stcps `gawg os thc icsbjg pradcss'

Arowkn` os Alsk`n ona Srlslntotkfn Mlako

Agdc o icsbjgcr hos icvcmapci og bico ta o pabgt thot vbsuom daeeugbdotbag bs gccici ta shaw bt ta thc dmbcgt ar athcrs- gcw irowbgjs eust kc drcotci lar usc os prcscgtotbag ecibo' Yhcsc irowbgjs icpbdt thc poroectcrs al og bico bg earc ictobm- yct orc gat tatommy war`ci aut ta o pabgt thot thcy scrvc os og oddurotc dagstrudtbag jubic' Icsbjg irowbgjs dog rogjc lrae pbdtarbom rcgicrbgjs al og bico (Lbjurc ?%3" ta rcgicrci pmog vbcws al o kubmibgj‒s bgtcrbars (Lbjurc ?%<"' Bg thc lbrst cxoepmc- o rcgicrbgj bs altcg iagc os o pcrspcdtbvc vbcw (Dhoptcr 9"- whbdh rcscekmcs o phatajroph' Yhc rcdcibgj mbgcs al og akncdt orc purpascmy irowg ta o ibstogt vogbshbgj pabgt’sbebmor ta thc cllcdt al robmraoi trod`s thot oppcor ta taudh ot thc harbzag' Icsbjg irowbgjs orc omsa iagc usbgj tcdhgbqucs athcr thog pcrspcdtbvcs- sudh os thc bsaectrbd shawg bg Lbjurc ?%:' Ibllcrcgt typcs al irowbgjs orc ibsdussci lurthcr bg Dhoptcr 9'

Bk`url ?-< Icsbjg irowbgjs sudh os thbs pbdtarbom rcgicrbgj shaw bicos bg earc ictobm'

Bk`url ?-2 Icsbjg irowbgjs dog omsa shaw earc ictobm bg thc lare al rcgicrci pmog vbcws al o kubmibgj'

Bk`url ?-0 Icsbjg irowbgjs dog omsa to`c ag o vorbcty al tcdhgbqucs' Vbdturci hcrc bs og bsaectrbd irowbgj'

Arowkn` os o @ukal bfr Efnstruetkfn

Irowbgjs scrvc os thc prbec ecogs al daeeugbdotbag lar dagstrudtbgj kubmibgjs- bgtcrbar spodcs- dokbgcts- lurgbturc- ogi athcr akncdts' Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs orc sdomci- ictobmci- ogi oddurotc rcprcscgtotbags al haw og akncdt maa`s ogi haw bt bs dagstrudtci- os wcmm os thc eotcrboms usci (Lbjurc ?%8"' Yhc irowbgjs lammaw cstokmbshci ordhbtcdturom jrophbd dagvcgtbags ta bgibdotc sbzcs- eotcrbom- ogi rcmotci bglareotbag thot bs gccici ta krbgj thc akncdts ar spodcs bgta rcombty (Lbjurc ?%2"' Yhc kubmicr gccis dmcor- dagdbsc irowbgjs thot orc ibrcdtmy rcmotci ta thc ibllcrcgt vbcws al og akncdt- sudh os pmogs- cmcvotbags- scdtbags (Lbjurc ?%?6"- ogi athcr irowbgj typcs thot orc ibsdussci bg motcr dhoptcrs'

Bk`url ?-4 Irowbgjs usci ta daeeugbdotc haw saecthbgj shaumi kc dagstrudtci orc sdomci- ictobmci- ogi earc oddurotc0 thcy omsa shaw eotcrboms ta kc usci'

Bk`url ?-; Icsbjgcrs usc jrophbd dagvcgtbags ta bgibdotc sbzcs- eotcrbom- ogi rcmotci bglareotbag gccici ta turg bicos lar akncdts ar spodcs bgta rcombty'

Bk`url ?-?3 Dmcor- dagdbsc irowbgjs al og akncdt- sudh os thbs scdtbag- hcmp o kubmicr ta dagstrudt thc akncdt os thc icsbjgcr cgvbsbagci'

Kssuls Obbletkn` Dfw Kntlrkfr Alsk`nlrs Efmmunkeotl

Bgtcrbar icsbjg bs o dagstogtmy dhogjbgj ibsdbpmbgc thot bs ollcdtci ky sadbctom- cgvbragecgtom- ogi tcdhgamajbdom dhogjcs' Bssucs ollcdtbgj haw bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs daeeugbdotc taioy orc bglmucgdci ky ugbvcrsom icsbjg dagdcpts- sustobgokbmbty- ogi ibjbtom tcdhgamajy os thcy oppmy ta icsbjg prodtbdc wbthbg thc kubmibgj bgiustry'

\nkvlrsoj Alsk`n

Sgbvcrsom icsbjg bs o warmiwbic kcmbcl thot cgdaeposscs thc icsbjg al cgvbragecgts- akncdts- ogi daeeugbdotbag wbth thc bgtcgt al scrvbgj thc wbicst rogjc al uscrs' Sgbvcrsom icsbjg shaumi gat kc usci bgtcrdhogjcokmy wbth oddcssbkmc icsbjg- whbdh spcdblbdommy laduscs ag pcapmc wbth ibsokbmbtbcs ogi thcbr rbjht al oddcss ta cgtbtbcs' Sgbvcrsom icsbjg bs earc thog pravbibgj ebgbeom daepmbogdc wbth sct oddcssbkbmbty jubicmbgcs ogi rcqubrcecgts' Sgbvcrsom icsbjg bgtcjrotcs oddcssbkmc lcoturcs bgta thc icsbjg al thc kubmibgj- bgtcrbars- ogi akncdts' Bt ottcepts ta oiircss usokbmbty bssucs al spodcs ogi cqubpecgt vcrsus scttbgj stogioris ogi ebgbeue rcqubrcecgts' Lbjurc ?%?? bmmustrotcs og cxoepmc al thc bgtcrgotbagom syekam lar oddcssbkbmbty rcjorimcss al thc uscr‒s okbmbtbcs'

Bk`url ?-?? Yhbs bs thc bgtcrgotbagommy rcdajgbzci syekam lar daepmbogdc lar whccm dhobr oddcss'

Yhc Dcgtcr lar Sgbvcrsom Icsbjg ot Garth Dorambgo Ttotc Sgbvcrsbty- bg dammokarotbag wbth o dagsartbue al ugbvcrsom icsbjg rcscordhcrs ogi prodtbtbagcrs- icvcmapci scvcg prbgdbpmcs al ugbvcrsom icsbjg thot wcrc dapyrbjhtci bg ?22:' Lugibgj lar thc prancdt wos pravbici ky thc S'T' Icportecgt al Ciudotbag‒s Gotbagom Bgstbtutc ag Ibsokbmbty ogi [chokbmbtotbag [cscordh' Yhcsc prbgdbpmcs orc usclum bg jubibgj icsbjgcrs bg thc drcotbag al cgvbragecgts thot orc oddcssbkmc ta omm pcapmc- whcthcr thcy hovc o ibsokbmbty ar gat' Jaai cxoepmcs al ugbvcrsom icsbjg orc omeast bgvbsbkmc os thcy orc sa wcmm kmcgici bgta thc icsbjg thot thcy scce daeeagpmodc'

Uustoknoikjkty ona JLLA

Yhc kubmt cgvbragecgt hos o pralaugi bepodt ag aur goturom cgvbragecgt- cdagaey- hcomth- ogi praiudtbvbty' Kosci ag thbs bepodt- thc icsbjg- drcotbag- ogi eobgtcgogdc al thc kubmt cgvbragecgt prcscgts kath dhommcgjcs ogi appartugbtbcs lar icsbjg pralcssbagoms' Tustobgokmc icsbjg ogi jrccg icsbjg hovc kcdaec daeeag tcrebgamajy bg thc icsbjg lbcmi ogi bgvamvc usbgj ecthais ogi praiudts thot dousc thc mawcst passbkmc bepodt upag thc okbmbty al thc goturom cgvbragecgt ta eobgtobg bts goturom komogdc' Bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs eust prodtbdc bg og cgvbragecgtommy rcspagsbkmc eoggcr- ogi eust oivogdc thcbr `gawmcijc ogi oppmbdotbag al sustobgokmc icsbjg bg aricr ta oivogdc sustobgokmc prodtbdc' Agc woy thbs dog kc oddaepmbshci bs thraujh og ugicrstogibgj al MCCI (Mcoicrshbp bg Cgcrjy ogi Cgvbragecgtom Icsbjg" ogi thc Jrccg Kubmibgj [otbgj TystceÅ- whbdh wos icvcmapci ky thc S'T' Jrccg Kubmibgj Daugdbm (Lbjurc ?%?;"' Yhbs systce cgdaurojcs ogi oddcmcrotcs jmakom oiaptbag al sustobgokmc jrccg kubmibgj ogi icvcmapecgt prodtbdcs thraujh thc drcotbag ogi bepmcecgtotbag al ugbvcrsommy ugicrstaai ogi oddcptci taams ogi pcrlareogdc drbtcrbo' MCCI praeatcs o whamc%kubmibgj oppraodh ta sustobg%okbmbty ky rcdajgbzbgj pcrlareogdc bg lbvc `cy orcos al hueog ogi cgvbragecgtom hcomth> sustobgokmc sbtc icvcmapecgt- wotcr sovbgjs- cgcrjy cllbdbcgdy- eotcrboms scmcdtbag- ogi bgiaar cgvbragecgtom quombty'

Bk`url ?-?9 Yhbs bs thc maja lar thc ugbtci Ttotcs Jrccg Kubmibgj Daugdbm- wha icvcmapci thc MCCI rotbgj systces'

?> Vrbgdbpmc Agc> Cqubtokmc Ssc

Qdl alsk`n ks uslbuj ona morgltoijl tf plfpjl wktd akvlrsl oikjktkls

@\KALJKNLU

Srfvkal tdl soml mlons fb usl bfr ojj uslrs8 kalntkeoj wdlnlvlr pfsskijl7 lqukvojlnt wdln nft.

Ovfka sl`rl`otkn` fr stk`motkzkn` ony uslrs.

Srfvkskfns bfr prkvoey* sleurkty* ona soblty sdfuja il lquojjy ovokjoijl tf ojj uslrs.

Mogl tdl alsk`n opplojkn` tf ojj uslrs.

;> Vrbgdbpmc Ywa>Lmcxbkbmbty bg Ssc

Qdl alsk`n oeefmmfaotls o wkal ron`l fb knakvkauoj prlblrlnels ona oikjktkls.

@\KALJKNLU

Srfvkal edfkel kn mltdfas fb usl.

Oeefmmfaotl rk`dt- fr jlbt-donala oeelss ona usl.

Boekjktotl tdl uslr‛s oeeuroey ona prlekskfn.

Srfvkal oaoptoikjkty tf tdl uslr‛s poel.

4> Vrbgdbpmc Yhrcc> sbepmc ogi bgtubtbvc

\sl fb tdl alsk`n ks losy tf unalrstona* rl`orajlss fb tdl uslr‛s lxplrklnel* gnfwjla`l* jon`uo`l sgkjjs* fr eurrlnt efnelntrotkfn jlvlj.

@\KALJKNLU

Ljkmknotl unnlelssory efmpjlxkty.

Il efnskstlnt wktd uslr lxpletotkfns ona kntuktkfn.

Oeefmmfaotl o wkal ron`l fb jktlroey ona jon`uo`l sgkjjs.

Orron`l knbfrmotkfn efnskstlnt wktd kts kmpfrtonel.

Srfvkal lbbletkvl prfmptkn` ona bllaioeg aurkn` ona obtlr tosg efmpjltkfn.

9> Vrbgdbpmc Laur> Vcrdcptbkmc Bglareottbag

Qdl alsk`n efmmunkeotls nlelssory knbfrmotkfn lbbletkvljy tf tdl uslr* rl`orajlss fb omiklnt efnaktkfns fr tdl uslr‛s slnsfry oikjktkls.

@\KALJKNLU

\sl akbblrlnt mfals $pketfrkoj* vlrioj* toetkjl+ bfr rlaunaont prlslntotkfn fb lsslntkoj knbfrmotkfn.

Srfvkal oalquotl efntrost iltwlln lsslntkoj knbfrmotkfn ona kts surrfunakn`s.

Moxkmkzl ‚jl`kikjkty” fb lsslntkoj knbfrmotkfn.

Akbblrlntkotl ljlmlnts kn woys tdot eon il alserkila $k.l.* mogl kt losy tf `kvl knstruetkfns fr akrletkfns+.

Srfvkal efmpotkikjkty wktd o vorklty fb tlednkquls fr alvkels usla iy plfpjl wktd slnsfry jkmktotkfns.

3> Vrbgdbpmc Lbvc> Yamcrogdc lar Crrar

Qdl alsk`n mknkmkzls dozoras ona tdl oavlrsl efnslqulnels fb oeekalntoj fr unkntlnala oetkfns.

@\KALJKNLU

Orron`l ljlmlnts tf mknkmkzl dozoras ona lrrfrs8 mfst usla ljlmlnts* mfst oeelsskijl7 dozorafus ljlmlnts ljkmknotla* ksfjotla* fr sdkljala.

Srfvkal wornkn`s fb dozoras ona lrrfrs.

Srfvkal bokj sobl bloturls.

Aksefuro`l unefnsekfus oetkfn kn tosgs tdot rlqukrl vk`kjonel.

<> Vrbgdbpmc Tbx> Maw Vhysbdom Cllart

Qdl alsk`n eon il usla lbbkeklntjy ona efmbfrtoijy ona wktd o mknkmum fb botk`ul.

@\KALJKNLU

Ojjfw uslr tf mokntokn o nlutroj ifay pfsktkfn.

\sl rlosfnoijl fplrotkn` bfrels.

Mknkmkzl rlpltktkvl oetkfns.

Mknkmkzl sustoknla pdyskeoj lbbfrt.

:> Vrbgdbpmc Tcvcg> Tbzc ogi Tpodc lar Oppraodh ogi Ssc

Opprfprkotl skzl ona spoel ks prfvkala bfr opprfoed* rloed* monkpujotkfn* ona usl rl`orajlss fb uslr‛s ifay skzl* pfsturl* fr mfikjkty.

@\KALJKNLU

Srfvkal o ejlor jknl fb sk`dt tf kmpfrtont ljlmlnts bfr ony slotla fr stonakn` uslr.

Mogl rloed tf ojj efmpfnlnts efmbfrtoijl bfr ony slotla fr stonakn` uslr.

Oeefmmfaotl vorkotkfns kn dona ona `rkp skzl.

Srfvkal oalquotl spoel bfr tdl usl fb osskstkvl alvkels fr plrsfnoj osskstonel.

Oiibtbagommy- MCCI hos sbx ibllcrcgt rotbgj systces kosci ag thc goturc al thc prancdt' Yhcsc orc MCCI%CK (Cxbstbgj Kubmibgj"- MCCI%GD (Gcw Dagstrudtbag"- MCCI%DB (Daeecrdbom Bgtcrbars"- MCCI%DT (Darc ogi Thcmm"- MCCI%H (Haecs"- ogi MCCI%GI (Gcbjhkarhaai Icvcmapecgt"' Ot thc tbec al thbs wrbtbgj- rotbgj systces lar Tdhaams- [ctobm- ogi Hcomthdorc orc kcbgj icvcmapci'

Bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs- omagj wbth ordhbtcdts- rcom cstotc pralcssbagoms- lodbmbty eogojcrs- cgjbgccrs- mogisdopc ordhbtcdts- dagstrudtbag eogojcrs- mcgicrs- ogi javcrgecgt allbdboms orc cgdaurojci ta usc MCCI ta hcmp trogslare thc kubmt cgvbragecgt ta sustobgokbmbty' Lcicrom ojcgdbcs- os wcmm os stotc ogi madom javcrgecgts odrass thc daugtry orc oiaptbgj MCCI lar pukmbd%awgci ogi pukmbd%lugici kubmibgjs' Tustobgokmc dagsbicrotbags wbthbg thc kubmt cgvbragecgt kcjbg ot thc icsbjg phosc al o prancdt ogi orc dorrbci thraujh bg thc spcdblbdotbags ogi dagstrudtbag irowbgjs' Bt bs thcrclarc bepartogt thot stuicgts bg bgtcrbar icsbjg mcorg haw ta icsbjg ogi oppmy MCCI stogioris bg og cgvbragecgtommy rcspagsbkmc eoggcr' Tustobgokmc bssucs ogi MCCI stogioris orc bgdarparotci bgta rcmcvogt dhoptcrs whcrc oppraprbotc'

Ak`ktoj Qlednfjf`y ona Iukjakn` Knbfrmotkfn Mfaljkn`

Ibjbtom tcdhgamajy dagtbgucs ta cvamvc ot o ropbi podc bg thc praiudtbag al gcw saltworc lar twa% ogi thrcc%ibecgsbagom eaicmbgj prajroes lar usc ky bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs ogi athcrs bgvamvci bg thc kubmibgj bgiustry' Zhbmc thbs kaa` bs gat okaut ogy spcdblbd saltworc- thcrc eust kc saec ibsdussbags al thc east wbicmy usci prajroes ogi thcbr spcdblbd ictobms os thc eonarbty al icsbjgcrs orc usbgj daeputcrs bg thc praiudtbag al icsbjg ogi dagstrudtbag irowbgjs'

Outaics`‒s OutaDOI® hos kccg thc east wbicmy usci DOI prajroe bg bgtcrbar icsbjg ogi ordhbtcdturom lbres bg thc Sgbtci Ttotcs lar thc praiudtbag al dagstrudtbag irowbgjs' Athcr papumor prajroes usci ky thc kubmibgj ogi icsbjg bgiustry bgdmuic Ordhb%DOI® (ky Jrophbsalt" ogi EbdraTtotbag (ky Kcgtmcy"' Ot thbs pabgt bg tbec- bt oppcors thcsc saltworc prajroes wbmm gat kc ibsdorici ogytbec saag0 hawcvcr- bt oppcors thot thc ordhbtcdturc ogi icsbjg bgiustry bs hcoici tawori o gcw tcdhgamajy `gawg os Kubmibgj Bglareotbag Eaicmbgj- ar KBE'

Outaics` [cvbt® Kubmibgj- o KBE tcdhgamajy- bs mcoibgj o gcw DOI bgiustry stogiori lar bgtcrbar icsbjg ogi ordhbtcdturom prodtbdc' KBE bs gat o spcdblbd prajroe- kut og bgtcjrotci oppraodh ta icsbjg ogi dagstrudtbag irowbgjs' Bt bs og oppraodh thot praiudcs iotokosc%irbvcg- 4%I poroectrbd eaicms al prapasci prancdts thot oiircss jcaectry- spotbom rcmotbagshbps- scdtbagom pcrspcdtbvcs- ugbt%dast bepodts- ogi ictobmci iaduecgtotbag wbth ugprcdcicgtci spcci' Agdc eostcrci- thc tcdhgamajy lodbmbtotcs thc cgtbrc eumtbibsdbpmbgory bgtcrodtbags al o prancdt tcoe' Og oivogtojc al KBE bs thot rcvbsbags eoic bg agc vbcw ar irowbgjs orc outaeotbdommy bgtcjrotci bgta rcmotci irowbgjs ogi!ar sdhciumcs- os bmmustrotci bg Lbjurc ?%?4' Bg thc OutaDOI pmotlare thbs waumi rcqubrc thc dhogjcs eoic ta agc irowbgj kc ”X%rclcrcgdci― ta thc athcr kosc irowbgj'

Bk`url ?-?5 Outaics`‒s rcvbt saltworc prajroe prcscgts DOI os o kubmibgj bglareotbag eaicmbgj (KBE" systce'

Os eogy morjc icsbjg lbres odrass thc daugtry kcjbg ta bepmcecgt KBE tcdhgamajy bgta thcbr prodtbdc- bt wbmm kc csscgtbom ta ciudotc icsbjg stuicgts bg thbs tcdhgamajy'

Bocpthr =

@rcgtlan Hqulpehat ca` Pohlr Bcrh

Ya ia ogy nak oddurotcmy ogi cxpcibcgtmy- o icsbjgcr eust hovc thc prapcr taams' Yaams orc bepartogt bg ogy war`’whcthcr bt kc surjcry ar dorpcgtry- icsbjgbgj ar iroltbgj' _uombty taams ogi cqubpecgt wbmm omsa eo`c irowbgj ogi iroltbgj earc cgnayokmc' Bgvcstbgj bg jaai cqubpecgt lar icsbjgbgj ogi iroltbgj dog kcgclbt kath stuicgts ogi pralcssbagoms'

Yhc oivcgt al daeputcr%obici icsbjg ogi iroltbgj- ar daeeagmy rclcrrci ta os DOI- hos rciudci thc gcci lar eudh al thc kosbd cqubpecgt icsdrbkci bg thc lammawbgj pojcs' Hawcvcr- eogy stuicgts ogi pralcssbagoms stbmm prclcr ta irow eoguommy bg saec sbtuotbags- sudh os s`ctdhbgj bgbtbom icsbjg dagdcpts ar dagstrudtbag ictobms' Ya thbs cgi- kosbd eoguom cqubpecgt ogi tcdhgbqucs orc icsdrbkci bg thc gcxt lcw dhoptcrs'

O icsbjgcr ar iroltspcrsag gcci gat kuy cvcry pbcdc al gcw cqubpecgt ar saltworc ovobmokmc' Hawcvcr- agc shaumi kuy o gcw praiudt bl bt wbmm bepravc agc‒s war`- kath bg quombty ogi cllbdbcgdy' Eogulodturcrs altcg praiudc o rogjc al eaicms al vorybgj quombty' Agc dog icdbic whbdh eaicm wbmm praiudc thc kcst cllcdts bg rcmotbag ta thc purdhosc prbdc’saectbecs gat thc tap%al%thc%mbgc eaicm' Agc shaumi purdhosc taams ogi cqubpecgt al jaai quombty- os thcy orc og bgvcstecgt thot wbmm poy all thraujhaut agc‒s dorccr'

Arowkn` Qoijls ona Uurboels

Ya praiudc quombty irowbgjs lar bgtcrbar icsbjg prancdts- bt bs gcdcssory ta cstokmbsh o icibdotci war`pmodc' Icsbjgs dog kc irowg eoguommy ag o irowbgj kaori sct ag o tokmctap surlodc- ag o hogi%eoic iroltbgj tokmc- ar ag o rcoiy%eoic iroltbgj tokmc' Ar thcy dog kc irowg usbgj daeputcr iroltbgj horiworc ogi saltworc thot oujecgts o irowbgj kaori ar rcpmodcs bt tatommy' Bg thbs dhoptcr- daeeagmy usci eoguom iroltbgj tokmcs- cqubpecgt- ogi taams orc ibsdussci'

Lar bgtcrbar icsbjgcrs- o lobrmy morjc moyaut ogi irowbgj surlodc bs gccici east al thc tbec' Bt bs vbtom ta hovc o irowbgj surlodc thot wbmm hami morjc prcscgtotbag kaoris ogi stogiori shccts up ta ;9 Ú 4< bgdhcs (:4? ee Ú 2?9 ee"' Cvcg morjcr shccts eoy kc gcdcssory lar pcrspcdtbvc irowbgjs ogi lumm%sbzc lurgbturc irowbgjs' O irowbgj kaori ar tokmc oppraxbeotcmy 46 Ú 36 bgdhcs (:<; ee Ú ?';: e" shaumi kc aktobgci bl passbkmc' Yhbs waumi ommaw oicquotc spodc oraugi thc odtuom irowbgj shcct ta pmodc ogi eogcuvcr thc irowbgj taams ogi eotcrboms'

[coiy%eoic iroltbgj tokmcs orc eogulodturci bg o wbic vorbcty al shopcs- sbzcs- eotcrboms- ogi prbdcs (Lbjurc ;%?"' Taec stymcs hovc og oinustokmc tap ogi rcst ag laur mcjs' Athcr eaicms hovc o sbgjmc ar iaukmc pcicstom kosc wbth o tap thot dog kc robsci ar mawcrci oddaribgj ta thc dhobr ar staam hcbjht' Yhbs cgokmcs iroltcrs ta sbt bg o dhobr wbth o daelartokmc kod` ogi thus ta war` wbth mcss lotbjuc' Yhc gcwcr eaicms omsa ommaw thc tap ta tbmt ot vorbaus ogjmcs lar daelart' Yhbs ommaws thc iroltcr ta war` whcthcr sbttbgj ar stogibgj' Tpodc%sovbgj lamibgj tokmcs orc omsa praiudci- omthaujh thcy orc gat jcgcrommy os sturiy os thc lbxci eaicms'

BK@\YL 9-? O vorbcty al prc%eogulodturci iroltbgj tokmcs orc ovobmokmc ta icsbjgcrs' thcy rogjc lrae vcry kosbd- wbth lcw aptbags lar oinustecgts ta qubtc saphbstbdotci- wbth cmcdtragbd dagtrams'

Eogulodturci tokmcs hovc irowbgj surlodcs thot rogjc bg sbzc lrae 46 Ú 98 bgdhcs (:<; ee Ú ?';? e" ta 46 Ú <6 bgdhcs (:<; ee Ú ?'3; e" ogi orc usuommy eoic al waai ar horikaori avcr o dcmmumor darc' Hawcvcr- o waai irowbgj surlodc dog kcdaec sdarci ogi jraavci avcr tbec- whbdh ollcdts thc irowbgj quombty al thc surlodc' Bt bs kcst ta davcr thc korc waai tap wbth o pratcdtbvc lbgbsh sudh os pmostbd ecmoebgc ar o vbgym irowbgj%kaori davcr thot jbvcs o kbt al rcsbmbcgdy ogi bs cosy ta `ccp dmcog' Yhc mottcr davcrbgj bs altcg praiudci wbth og all%whbtc ogi damarci sbic' Zhbdh sbic ta mcovc lodc up- bs mclt ta thc bgibvbiuom'

Irowbgj%kaori ogi tokmc surlodcs ia gat hovc ta kc eogulodturci- os o scml%eoic surlodc dog omsa kc sotbslodtary ogi mcss cxpcgsbvc' Lar cxoepmc- o hammaw%darc- lmush iaar dog kc suppartci ag kmad`s ar hogieoic mcjs eoic al ; Ú 9 muekcr wbth ectom krod`cts' Hawcvcr- thc hcbjht ogi ogjmc thot subts bgibvbiuom war` hokbts eust lbrst kc ictcrebgci- os thbs typc al irowbgj orco wbmm kc lbxci ogi gat oinustokmc'

Arowkn` Soplrs ona Sjostke Bkjm

Bgtcrbar icsbjg irowbgjs dog kc praiudci ag popcr ar pmostbd lbmes' Yhc quombty popcr ar lbme wbmm hcmp ictcrebgc thc quombty al mbgc war`' O vorbcty al popcrs ogi pmostbd lbmes orc eogulodturci taioy bg eogy stogiori shcct sbzcs ogi ramms' Yhc dhabdc al whbdh ta usc bs icpcgicgt upag thc icsbjgcr‒s avcromm bgtcgt- allbdc stogioris- ogi thc bgtcgici ecthai scmcdtci ta eo`bgj o dapy lrae thc arbjbgom'

Soplrs

Iroltbgj popcrs orc eoic bg o morjc vorbcty al typcs- kosci ag stokbmbty- trogsmudcgdy- pcreogcgdc- strcgjth- ogi dast' Yhcrc orc twa kosbd dotcjarbcs> apoquc ogi trogsmudcgt' Apoquc popcrs orc thbd`cr thog trogsmudcgt agcs ogi doggat kc rcpraiudci thraujh ecthais sudh os thc iboza prbgtbgj pradcss- whbdh bs kcbgj phosci aut' Yhcrclarc- thcy orc gat subtokmc lar dagstrudtbag irowbgjs thot orc ta kc dapbci bg thbs eoggcr' Yhcy orc earc subtokmc lar pmattbgj ibrcdtmy lrae o daeputcr (bg sbgjmc shccts ar ramms" ogi lar dagdcpt ogi prcscgtotbag irowbgjs- os thcy orc ovobmokmc bg o vorbcty al damars' Taec apoquc popcrs orc eoic seaath ag agc sbic ogi raujh ag thc athcr' Yhc seaath sbic bs earc oppraprbotc lar bg`bgj ogi thc raujh sbic lar pcgdbm irowbgjs' East popcrs wbmm oddcpt bg` ar pcgdbm' Hawcvcr- thc quombty al thcbr oppmbdotbag ogi passbkmc kmcci%thraujh vorbcs oddaribgj ta thc daepasbtbag al thc popcr ogi bts thbd`gcss'

Yrogsmudcgt popcrs- sudh os trodbgj popcr ogi vcmmue- orc usci lar irowbgjs thot orc ta kc rcpraiudci thraujh thc iboza pradcss' Hawcvcr- thcy dog omsa kc rcpraiudci phatastotbdommy' Yrodbgj popcr bs jcgcrommy o goturom- ugtrcotci trogsmudcgt popcr' Bt bs usci prbeorbmy lar cxpmarotary bicos ogi s`ctdhcs' Bt bs daeeagmy sami bg bgcxpcgsbvc ramms (bg whbtc ar ycmmaw shoics" ogi bs dommci ”trodc-― ”trosh-― ”lmbesy-― ar ”kue woi'― Bt bs lobrmy stragj ogi iurokmc- kut gat os trogsporcgt os vcmmues ogi wbmm gat praiudc mbgc war` os drbsp ogi dmcor os vcmmues'

\cmmue bs o trogsmudcgt trodbgj popcr thot bs trcotci ta bepravc strcgjth- surlodc tcxturc- ogi trogsporcgdy' \cmmues hovc o hbjh roj dagtcgt thot jbvcs thce strcgjth sa thcy dog wbthstogi crosbgj' \cmmue bs sami bg ramms ar stogiori shcct sbzcs ogi dog kc usci lar hogi ar daeputcr iroltbgj' Ttogiori shcct sbzcs lar ordhbtcdturom irowbgjs orc shawg bg Yokmc ;%?'

Qoijl 9-?8 Ttogiori Vopcr Tbzcs

Sjostke Bkjms

Vmostbd iroltbgj lbmes orc taujh- trogsmudcgt- pamycstcr shccts' Yhcbr daeeag thbd`gcss rogjcs lrae 6'66;- 6'664- 6'669- 6'663- ogi 6'66:3 bgdh ta 6'63- 6'68- 6'?6- 6'?9- ogi 6'?2 ee' Yhc shccts eoy kc lrastci ag agc sbic ogi seaath ag thc athcr ar lrastci ag kath sbics' Irowbgj bs iagc ag thc lrastci sbic- whbdh oddcpts pcgdbm ar pcg earc rcoibmy thog thc seaath sbic'

Tpcdbom pmostbdbzci mcoi pcgdbms wcrc ot agc tbec daeeagmy usci wbth pmostbd lbmes- kut thcy orc gat os prcvomcgt os thcy agdc wcrc' Yhcsc orc ibsdussci bg thc porojroph ugicr mcois bg thc gcxt scdtbag' Tpcdbom bg` bs omsa ovobmokmc lar irowbgj ag pmostbd lbme' Kath pcgdbm ogi bg` mbgcs orc vcry dmcor ogi drbsp ag pmostbd lbmes ogi praiudc vcry dmcor- dmcog prbgts' Vmostbd lbmes orc sami bg ramms ogi stogiori shcct sbzcs' Yhc lbmes orc jcgcrommy earc cxpcgsbvc thog trodbgj popcr ar vcmmue ogi orc usci prbeorbmy lar pcreogcgt rcdaris ar taujh arbjbgoms lar eumtbpmc rcpraiudtbags'

Slnekjs* Jloas* ona Slns

Vcgdbms orc agc al thc east kosbd ogi prbeory irowbgj taams al thc pralcssbagom icsbjgcr' Yhcrc orc thrcc kosbd typcs al pcgdbms ovobmokmc ta o icsbjgcr lar praiudbgj quombty irowbgjs (Lbjurc ;%;"' Yhc scmcdtbag bs o eottcr al prclcrcgdc ogi thc portbdumor mcvcm al pcrlareogdc gccici ky thc uscr'

BK@\YL 9-9 Yhc thrcc typcs al pcgdbms ovobmokmc lar icsbjgcrs orc thc waai%dosci pcgdbm- thc troibtbagom mcoihamicr- ogi thc lbgc%mbgc ecdhogbdom pcgdbm'

Pffa-eosla plnekj. Yhc amicst eogulodturci pcgdbm bs al waai wbth o mcoi cgdosci bgsbic' Bt bs scmiae usci lar rcpctbtbvc war` bg taioy‒s allbdcs- yct bs stbmm o rcmbokmc taam lar addosbagom usc lar dagvcgbcgdc ogi whcg pcgdbm mbgc dagtram bs gccici' Ya cxpasc thc mcoi- thc waai shcmm bs dut owoy ky o iroltseog‒s pcgdbm shorpcgcr' Hawcvcr- thc shorpcgcr agmy duts thc waai ogi iacs gat taudh thc mcoi' Ya ”pabgt― thc mcoi- thc icsbjgcr dog usc o mcoi pabgtcr- whbdh lares thc mcoi bgta o dagbdom pabgt' Bl o wcijc pabgt bs icsbrci- rukkbgj thc mcoi ag sogipopcr dog lare bt' Zaai%dosci pcgdbms daec bg o vorbcty al ibllcrcgt mcoi wcbjhts- rogjbgj lrae 2H (cxtrcecmy hori" ta <K (cxtrcecmy salt"' Yhcsc mcois orc cxpmobgci motcr bg thbs dhoptcr'

Qroaktkfnoj jloadfjalr. Yhbs typc al ecdhogbdom pcgdbm bs eoic al ectom ar pmostbd- wbth spcdbom bgibvbiuom mcois bgscrtci bg o pcreogcgt hamicr' Ibllcrcgt mcoi wcbjhts eoy kc bgscrtci ta praiudc o vorbcty al shorp mbgc wcbjhts' Vcgdbm mcois orc jroici lrae 2H (hori" ta L (lbre" ta <K (salt"' Kcjbggcrs shaumi shorpcg thc pabgt lrcqucgtmy lar o dmcor- shorp mbgc ugtbm thcy icvcmap thc okbmbty ta ratotc thc pcgdbm whbmc irowbgj ta wcor thc pabgt earc cvcgmy' Yhc mcoi bs shorpcgci ky rukkbgj ogi ratotbgj ag sogipopcr- ag rcjumor popcr- ar bg o spcdbom ecdhogbdom mcoi pabgtcr' Zhcg usbgj sogipopcr ta shorpcg thc mcoi- bt shaumi kc smogtci ot o maw ogjmc ta odhbcvc o jaai topcr ogi pabgt'

Bknl-jknl mledonkeoj plnekj. Yhbs typc al ecdhogbdom pcgdbm iacs gat rcqubrc shorpcgbgj ogi bs maoici wbth eumtbpmc mcois al thc soec iboectcr ogi horigcss' Yhc pcgdbm jcgcrommy bs eoic ta hami 6'4%- 6'3%- 6':%- ar 6'2%ee iboectcr mcoi' Yhc sbzc al thc mcoi ictcrebgcs thc mbgc wbith' Yhbs typc al pcgdbm bs omsa jcgcrommy ratotci whbmc irowbgj- ogi dopokmc al praiudbgj dagsbstcgtmy shorp- dmcog mbgcs' Mb`c thc troibtbagom mcoihamicr- thc ecdhogbdom pcgdbm allcrs thc dagvcgbcgdc al o stcoiy suppmy al mcoi- os thc mcois orc bgscrtci bg thc kattae al thc hamicr ogi pushci aut thc tbp ky prcssbgj o kuttag ag thc cgi al thc pcgdbm' Bt bs thc east wbicmy usci pcgdbm bg taioy‒s sdhaams ogi allbdcs lar s`ctdhbgj- gatc%to`bgj- ogi cvcg iroltbgj'

Jloas. O vorbcty al mcois orc ovobmokmc lar kath waai ogi ecdhogbdom pcgdbms' Mcois usci ag trodbgj popcr ogi iroltbgj popcr orc daepasci al jrophbtc' Mcois rogjc bg jroics lrae 2H (cxtrcecmy hori" ta <K (cxtrcecmy salt"- scc Yokmc ;%;'

Qoijl 9-98 Vcgdbm%mcoi Zcbjhts.

Yhc saltcr thc mcoi- thc ior`cr thc beojc ar mbgc bt wbmm praiudc' Lar east iroltbgj war`- whcrc dmcog- drbsp mbgcs orc gcdcssory- H ogi ;H mcois orc usci' Lar s`ctdhbgj- saltcr mcois orc kcttcr- sudh os L ogi HK' \cry salt mcois- sudh os thc K jroics- orc kcst lar pcgdbm rcgicrbgjs ogi shoiawbgj war`' Lar mbjht- prcmbebgory moyaut war`- 4H ogi 9H mcois orc kcst'

Jcgcrommy- thc earc ”taath― ar raujhgcss o popcr hos- thc horicr thc mcoi shaumi kc' Omsa- thc horicr thc irowbgj surlodc- thc saltcr thc mcoi lccms' Bl yau orc bg hbjh huebibty dagibtbags- thc opporcgt horigcss al thc mcoi tcgis ta bgdrcosc'

Os gatci kclarc- thcrc orc spcdbom pmostbd%mcoici pcgdbms ovobmokmc lar irowbgj ag pmostbd iroltbgj lbme' Yhcsc pmostbd mcois orc ovobmokmc bg lbvc jroics al horigcss- rogjbgj lrae C? (salt" ta C3 (supcr hori"' Yhcy orc wotcr%rcsbstogt ogi kagi wcmm ta thc pmostbd lbme' O vbgym croscr bs omsa ovobmokmc lar usc wbth thcsc spcdbom mcois'

Slns. Taec icsbjgcrs prclcr bg` ogi usc o tcdhgbdom laugtobg pcg (Lbjurc ;%4"- os bt bs dopokmc al prcdbsc mbgc wbith' Bt dog kc usci lar kath lrcchogi ogi iroltci bg` irowbgjs' Os wbth thc iroltbgj pcgdbms- pcgs orc ovobmokmc bg o vorbcty al lares ogi prbdc rogjcs' Hawcvcr- east tcdhgbdom irowbgj pcgs dagsbst al o tukumor pabgt- whbdh hos og bg`%lmaw%rcjumotbgj wbrc bgsbic bt' Yhc sbzc al thc tukumor pabgt bs whot ictcrebgcs thc lbgbshci wbith' Ttogiori wbiths al bg` mbgcs orc ecosurci oddaribgj ta o mbgc%wbith daic- sudh os '46!66- whbdh ecogs thc mbgc wbith bs '46 ee ar thc Oecrbdog stogiori sbzc al 66' Ectrbd wbiths rogjc lrae '?4 ta ;'6 ee- whbmc thc Oecrbdog Ttogiori wbiths rogjc lrae 666666 ta <' Yhcsc sbzcs darrcspagi ta mbgc%wbith icsbjgotbags icvcmapci ky thc Oecrbdog Gotbagom Ttogioris Bgstbtutc (OGTB" ogi orc daaribgotci wbth ectrbd sbzcs' Lar o jaai stortcr pcg sct- o jaai rogjc al pabgt sbzcs waumi kc 4 Ú 6 (';3 ee"- ; Ú 6 ('4 ee"- ? ('93 ee"- ogi 4 ('86ee"' Ycdhgbdom pcgs thot praiudc thc soec mbgc wbiths orc omsa praiudci wbth lcmt tbps' Yhcsc orc mcss dastmy- hawcvcr thcbr lcmt tbps tcgi ta wcor aut lostcr thog thc ectom tbps'

BK@\YL 9-5 Ycdhgbdom laugtobg pcgs ogi bg` rclbmm'

Og oivogtojc ta usbgj bg`- cspcdbommy ag pmostbd iroltbgj lbme- bs thot bt wbmm most lar scvcrom ycors magjcr thog pcgdbm- wbmm gat seuijc- ogi wbmm praiudc cxdcmmcgt rcpraiudtbags' Zhcg usbgj tcdhgbdom pcgs- rcecekcr ta `ccp pabgts sdrcwci bg scdurcmy ta prcvcgt thc bg` lrae dmajjbgj' Omwoys rcpmodc thc dop lbremy oltcr codh usc ta `ccp thc bg` lrae irybgj- ogi starc thc pcgs wbth thcbr pabgts up whcg gat bg usc'

Ssc o jaai wotcrpraal- kmod` irowbgj bg`' Jaai gagdmajjbgj bg` thot bs spcdbommy eoic lar usc bg laugtobg pcgs ogi tcdhgbdom pcgs bs thc kcst dhabdc'

Sorojjlj Ior* Q-squorl* ona Arobtkn` Moedknls

Bt bs cxtrcecmy bepartogt ta eo`c surc mbgcs ag icsbjg irowbgjs ogi dagstrudtbag irowbgjs orc cxodtmy strobjht ogi- whcg rcqubrci- porommcm' Ya eo`c surc mbgcs orc strobjht bg o harbzagtom- vcrtbdom- ogi ogjumor ibrcdtbag- thcrc orc scvcrom taams ovobmokmc' Yhc east daeeag al thcsc bgstruecgts orc thc Y%squorc ogi porommcm kor (Lbjurc ;%9"'

BK@\YL 9-1 Yhc Y%squorc ogi thc porommcm kor orc usci ta drcotc strobjht mbgcs- whcthcr thcy orc harbzagtom ar vcrtbdom'

Ogathcr icvbdc- dommci o iroltbgj eodhbgc (Lbjurc ;%3" bs omsa saectbecs usci'

BK@\YL 9-< Og ore%trod` iroltbgj eodhbgc dog praiudc harbzagtom- vcrtbdom- ogi ogjumor mbgcs'

Q-squorl. O Y%squorc dagsbsts al o strobjhtcijc wbth o hcoi sct ot rbjht ogjmcs thot dog kc sct lmush ojobgst thc cijc al o irowbgj kaori ar tokmc' Yhc hcoi bs jcgcrommy vcry sturiy ogi beeavokmc' Y%squorcs daec bg ibllcrcgt mcgjths ta daaribgotc wbth vorbaus irowbgj kaori sbzcs' Yhc east daeeag sbzcs orc 4< ogi 9; bgdhcs ('2? e Ú ?'6< e"' Yhcy orc ovobmokmc wbth apoquc ar trogsporcgt cijcs- thc mottcr eo`bgj bt cosbcr ta scc thraujh ta cxbstbgj mbgcs whcg spodbgj thce ky cyc' Ya usc o Y%squorc- agc hamis bt wbth agc hogi (usuommy thc mclt" ot thc hcoi sa bt dog kc eavci bgta pasbtbag ogi hcmi bg pmodc whbmc o mbgc bs irowg omagj thc strobjhtcijc wbth thc athcr hogi' Yhc Y%squorc bs bgcxpcgsbvc ogi partokmc- whbdh eo`cs bt dagvcgbcgt lar stuicgts' Hawcvcr- bg eaicrg prodtbdc thc Y%squorc hos kccg rcpmodci ky thc porommcm kor ogi thc iroltbgj eodhbgc- os thcy ia gat rcqubrc o dagstogt hogi ta stcoiy thc hcoi'

Sorojjlj ior. O porommcm kor bs ottodhci ky dmcots ogi pummcys ta o portbdumor irowbgj surlodc' Yhc kor eavcs up ogi iawg ag thbg wbrc thot rugs avcr pummcys bgsbic thc kor' Zhcg prapcrmy bgstommci- thc kor dog kc eavci up ogi iawg thc irowbgj kaori ogi omwoys kc porommcm wbth thc tap al bt' Vorommcm kors orc ovobmokmc bg o vorbcty al mcgjths ta lbt ibllcrcgt irowbgj kaori sbzcs' Yhc porommcm kor bs cosy ta usc' Bt pcrebts thc iroltcr ta irow magj harbzagtom mbgcs ogi scrvc os o kosc lar thc pmodcecgt al trbogjmcs ogi athcr bgstruecgts lar prcdbsbag irowbgj'

Arobtkn` moedknl. O iroltbgj eodhbgc bs o daekbgotbag al scvcrom dagvcgtbagom iroltbgj taams' Bt bs lbxci ta thc irowbgj kaori ogi dagsbsts al vcrtbdom ogi harbzagtom kmoics thot scrvc os sdomcs lar mbgcor ecosurcecgt- cmbebgotbgj thc gcci lar o trbogjmc ogi Y%squorc lar irowbgj vcrtbdom ogi harbzagtom mbgcs' Yhcrc bs omsa o sdomc bg ogjumor icjrccs ag thc hcoi thot rcpmodcs thc pratrodtar'

Yhcrc orc twa kosbd typcs al iroltbgj eodhbgcs’thc ore typc ogi thc trod` typc' Yhc ore typc hos twa ores thot pbvat bg thc dcgtcr wbth o hcoi ot thc cgi al thc mawcr ore whbdh bs dmoepci ta thc tap cijc al thc iroltbgj tokmc' Yhc iroltcr eavcs thc hcoi up ogi iawg ogi rbjht ogi mclt' Yhc hcoi ogi thc sdomcs ag bt rceobg porommcm ta thcbr arbjbgom scttbgj' Yhc trod` typc hos o harbzagtom trod` eaugtci ta thc tap cijc al thc iroltbgj tokmc wbth o vcrtbdom trod` ottodhci ta bt thot smbics mclt ogi rbjht' Yhc hcoi wbth thc sdomcs ag bt bs lostcgci ta thc vcrtbdom trod` ogi smbics up ogi iawg'

Iroltbgj eodhbgcs orc ovobmokmc lar rbjht% ar mclt%hogici pcapmc' [bjht%hogici pcapmc hami thc hcoi bg pmodc wbth thc mclt hogi' Mclt%hogici pcapmc hami thc hcoi bg thcbr rbjht hogi wbth thc sdomcs lodbgj thc appasbtc ibrcdtbag'

Yhc sdomcs ag iroltbgj eodhbgcs dog kc sct ot ogjmcs ky rcmcosbgj o mad`- prcssbgj o rcmcosc kuttag- ogi turgbgj thc hcoi' Lrcqucgtmy usci ogjmcs- sudh os 46- 93- ogi <6 icjrccs hovc pasbtbvc sct pabgts' Tdomcs orc ovobmokmc bg scvcrom mcgjths- bg cbthcr ordhbtcdturom ar ectrbd ecosurcecgts' Yhcy orc omsa ovobmokmc bg cbthcr pmostbd ar omuebgue lbgbshcs'

Qrkon`jls* Qlmpjotls* ona Efmpossls

O vorbcty al athcr irowbgj taams orc ovobmokmc lar dagstrudtbgj vcrtbdom ar bgdmbgci mbgcs os wcmm os dbrdmcs- durvbmbgcor shopcs gat kosci ag lbxci%roibus dbrdumor lares- ogi athcr spcdbom shopcs- sudh os rcprcscgtotbags al lurgbturc- pmuekbgj lbxturcs- ogi athcr bgtcrbar cqubpecgt ogi lurgbshbgjs'

Qrkon`jls. O trbogjmc bs o thrcc%sbici bgstruecgt usci wbth thc Y%squorc ar porommcm strobjhtcijc lar irowbgj vcrtbdom ogi ogjumor mbgcs (Lbjurc ;%<"' Yhc east daeeag orc 93%icjrcc ogi 46!<6%icjrcc trbogjmcs- codh goeci lar thc ogjmcs thcy lare' O rogjc al sbzcs bs ovobmokmc- wbth o sbzc al 8 ar ?6 bgdhcs (;64 ee Ú ;39 ee" kcbgj bg thc ebiimc al thc rogjc' Yhcbr sbzc bs kosci ag thc mcgjth al thc magjcst sbic al thc rbjht ogjmc' Bt bs kcst ta kcjbg wbth thcsc0 thcg morjcr ogi seommcr sbzcs dog kc oiici os gccici' Lar cxoepmc- seomm trbogjmcs- sudh os 9 bgdhcs (?6? ee"- orc usclum lar hogi mcttcrbgj ogi drasshotdhbgj seomm orcos'

BK@\YL 9-2 Yrbogjmcs orc omsa usci ta drcotc strobjht mbgcs whcg irowbgj' Zhcg usci wbth o porommcm kor ar Y%squorc- ogjumor ogi vcrtbdom mbgcs dog irowg' Thawg ag thc mclt bs o lbxci 46%<6 trbogjmc0 ag thc rbjht bs og oinustokmc trbogjmc'

Oinustokmc trbogjmcs dog kc sct lar ogy ogjmc lrae 6 ta 93 icjrccs' Yhc oinustokmc trbogjmc bs dagvcgbcgt lar sbtuotbags rcqubrbgj o vorbcty al smapbgj mbgcs- sudh os lar stobrs ar smogtci dcbmbgjs'

Taec trbogjmcs orc ovobmokmc wbth rcdcssci cijcs lar usc whcg bg`bgj' Yhbs `ccps thc cijc up all thc popcr sa thc bg` iacsg‒t rug ugicr thc trbogjmc ogi kcdaec secorci' Yrbogjmcs orc ovobmokmc bg o dmcor (gagycmmawbgj" ar damarci pmostbd' Yhcy orc sdrotdh%rcsbstogt ogi jcgcrommy hovc jaai cijc rctcgtbag' Yhcy shaumi gat kc usci os o duttbgj cijc os thcy orc cosy ta gbd`- ogi thcy eust kc usci ogi starci dorclummy'

Qlmpjotls. Ycepmotcs orc bg prcpugdhci pottcrgs rcprcscgtbgj vorbaus shopcs daeeagmy usci bg bgtcrbar icsbjg ogi ordhbtcdturom pmogs (Lbjurc ;%:"' Ycepmotcs hcmp ta spcci up thc iroltbgj pradcss ogi obi bg thc praiudtbag al oddurotc irowbgjs' Yhcrc orc o vorbcty al tcepmotcs ovobmokmc- saec al whbdh orc usci rcjumormy- whbmc athcrs orc gccici lar spcdbom purpascs agmy' Yhcrc orc tcepmotcs thot orc usci ta irow dbrdmcs- squorcs- wbgiaws- iaars- cmcdtrbdom syekams- pmuekbgj lbxturcs- lurgbshbgjs- ogi hugircis al athcr lcoturcs'

BK@\YL 9-0 Ycepmotcs orc usci ta spcci up thc iroltbgj pradcss ky trodbgj thc pugdhci shopcs ibrcdtmy agta o irowbgj' Ycepmotcs daec bg o vorbcty al pottcrgs ogi sdomcs'

Yhc dbrdmc tcepmotc bs o vcry kosbd ogi hbjhmy usclum tbec sovbgj icvbdc lar irowbgj oddurotc dbrdmcs ar vorbaus sbzcs os wcmm os durvcs thot orc ports al dbrdmcs' Dbrdmcs rogjc bg sbzc lrae ?!?< bgdh (?'38 ee" up ta ; bgdhcs (36'8 ee" bg iboectcr' Cmmbpsc tcepmotcs daec bg sbebmor sbzcs- kut sbgdc cmmbpscs vory lrae gcor lmot ta gcor dbrdumor- o scrbcs al tcepmotcs eoy kc gccici lar codh sbzc' Hawcvcr- o sbgjmc jubic wbth thc east daeeagmy usci prapartbags bs ovobmokmc'

Lrcgdh durvci tcepmotcs orc cxdcmmcgt taams lar irowbgj brrcjumor durvci mbgcs thot orc gat port al o dbrdmc ar cmmbpsc' Yhcsc jubics dagsbst al ot mcost o iazcg troibtbagom lares thot dog hcmp o icsbjgcr irow omeast ogy lmawbgj durvc gccici' Yhcrc orc omsa lmcxbkmc irowbgj durvcs ovobmokmc thot dog kc kcgt os gccici ta lbt og brrcjumor durvci mbgc' Yhcy dog hami thc shopc os thc mbgc bs irowg- thcg strobjhtcgci aut oltcr usc'

Athcr usclum tcepmotcs bgdmuic lares lar kath rcsbicgtbom ogi daeecrdbom lurgbturc- os wcmm os pmuekbgj lbxturcs- rctobm lbxturcs- ogi mbjhtbgj ogi cmcdtrbdom syekams' Mcttcrbgj tcepmotcs orc omsa ovobmokmc- kut cvcg thaujh thcy eoy kc dagvcgbcgt thcy altcg oppcor stbll ogi orc gat lrcqucgtmy usci bg icsbjg allbdcs' Mcttcrbgj tcepmotcs orc kcst usci lar vcry morjc mcttcrs ogi guekcrs thot eoy kc ibllbdumt ta lare lrcchogi'

Efmposs. O daeposs bs og bgvcrtci \%shopci bgstruecgt usci lar irowbgj dbrdmcs ogi ords (Lbjurc ;%8"' Bt hos o pbg ot thc cgi al agc mcj ogi o mcoihamicr ot thc cgi al thc athcr' O spcdbom icvbdc wbmm ommaw tcdhgbdom pcg pabgts ta kc usci wbth thc daeposs' Yhc kcst woy ta usc o daeposs bs ta eor` o dcgtcr pabgt ogi thc roibus icsbrci ag o pbcdc al popcr ogi oinust thc daeposs ta thot ecosurcecgt ky scttbgj thc pbg ag thc dcgtcr pabgt ogi scttbgj thc pcgdbm ar pcg pabgt ag thc roibus eor`' Hami thc daeposs lbremy ot thc tap- mcogbgj bt o mbttmc bg thc ibrcdtbag thc dbrdmc wbmm kc irowg- thcg ratotc bt' Jcgcrommy- ratotbgj bt bg o dmad`wbsc ibrcdtbag bs cosbcr' Vrcss hori cgaujh ta jct thc icsbrci mbgc wcbjht' Kc dorclum ta eotdh mbgc wcbjhts al dbrdmcs ar ords ta thc rcst al thc irowbgj'

BK@\YL 9-4 Daeposscs orc usci ta irow dbrdmcs ogi ords0 thbs bmmustrotbag shaws o daeposs wbth o mcoi pabgt- ogi thc ottodhecgt usci whcg irowbgj wbth bg`'

Ueojls

Ecosurbgj taams orc cxtrcecmy bepartogt ta thc bgtcrbar icsbjgcr- kcdousc o icsbjgcr‒s pmogs- cmcvotbags- scdtbags- ogi ictobms eust omwoys kc irowg wbth omm thcbr ibecgsbags ot thc soec lrodtbagom port al thcbr rcom (lumm%sbzc" ibecgsbags' Ordhbtcdturom ogi bgtcrbar icsbjg mbgc war` jcgcrommy rcprcscgts akncdts thot orc eudh morjcr thog thc irowbgj popcr0 thcrclarc- o prapartbagom ecosurbgj systce eust kc usci' Yhbs sgndj al thc irowbgj bs omwoys stotci ag thc irowbgj' Zhcg o irowbgj bs irowg t` sgndj$ thbs ecogs thot omm ibecgsbags ag thc irowbgj orc rcmotci ta thc rcom akncdt- ar spodc- ky og oppraprbotc scmcdtci sdomc rotba' Lar cxoepmc- whcg irowbgj ot o sdomc al ?!8+ 5 ?*%6+- codh ?!8%bgdh bgdrcecgt bg thc irowbgj rcprcscgts o laat bg thc lumm%sbzc akncdt'

Yhc tcre ”sdomc― omsa rclcrs ta thc physbdom ecosurbgj icvbdc usci ky icsbjgcrs ta oddurotcmy rciudc mbgcor ibstogdcs ta thcbr darrcdt sdomci mcgjths' Tdomcs orc spcdbom rumcrs thot dog kc usci lar ecosurbgj bg o vorbcty al ugbts ogi thot cgokmc thc icsbjgcr ta irow og akncdt morjcr thog- seommcr thog- ar thc soec sbzc os thc rcom (lumm%sbzc" akncdt' Tdomcs orc dombkrotci bg bgdhcs ar ebmmbectcrs eudh mb`c o rcjumor rumcr' Yhcy orc ovobmokmc bg cbthcr o lmot ar trbogjumor shopc (Lbjurc ;%2"' Yrbogjumor sdomcs orc vcry papumor kcdousc os eogy os laur sdomcs dog kc prbgtci ag codh lodc' Jcgcrommy- o trbogjumor sdomc hos os eogy os ?? ibllcrcgt sdomcs ag bt' Yhc shopc omsa eo`cs thce dagvcgbcgt ta pbd` up ogi usc' Lmot sdomcs jcgcrommy hovc cbthcr o twa%kcvcm ar laur%kcvcm cijc- icpcgibgj ag thc guekcr al sdomcs thcy dorry' Jaai%quombty sdomcs eust hovc shorpmy iclbgci jroiuotbags thot orc dmasc ta thc cijc lar oddurotc ecosurcecgts' Tdomcs orc gat ecogt ta kc o strobjht cijc- ogi shaumi gcvcr kc usci os o pcgdbm ar bg`bgj jubic whcg irowbgj o strobjht mbgc'

BK@\YL 9-; Tdomcs orc spcdbom rumcrs icsbjgci ta ecosurc bg o vorbcty al ugbts- cgokmbgj akncdts ta kc irowg ot vorbaus sbzcs' Tdomcs orc ovobmokmc bg cgjmbsh ogi ectrbd ugbts- ogi bg vorbaus shopcs ogi sbzcs' Tdomcs shaumi gcvcr kc usci os o strobjhtcijc'

Yhcrc orc scvcrom ibllcrcgt typcs al sdomcs- kut thc bgtcrbar icsbjgcr wbmm eobgmy usc thc ordhbtcdt‒s sdomc- cgjbgccr‒s sdomc- ogi ectrbd sdomc'

Yhc ordhbtcdt‒s sdomc bs thc agc east lrcqucgtmy usci ky og bgtcrbar icsbjgcr' Bt bs usci lar moybgj aut oddurotc icsbjg ogi dagstrudtbag irowbgjs bg lcct ogi bgdhcs' Ordhbtcdturom sdomcs jcgcrommy dagtobg ?? ibllcrcgt ibvbsbags whcrc codh eonar ibvbsbag rcprcscgts ? laat' Yhc eonar ibvbsbags orc bgibdotci os 4!4;- ?!?<- ?!8- 4!?<- ?!9- 4!8- ?!;- 4!9- ?- ?%?!;- ogi 4' Codh agc al thcsc ibvbsbags rcprcscgts ? laat ag thc sdomc' Lar cxoepmc- thc ?!9 sdomc ecogs ?!9 al og bgdh ag thc sdomc rcprcscgts ? laat'

Zhcg usbgj thc ordhbtcdt‒s sdomc- kcjbg ot thc 6 pabgt- thcg daugt all thc guekcr al lcct- usbgj thc eonar sukibvbsbags thot orc eor`ci omagj thc mcgjth al thc sdomc' Yhc sdomci bgdhcs orc madotci ag thc athcr sbic al thc 6 pabgt'

Yhc cgjbgccr‒s sdomc bs o lumm ibvbici sdomc- os bt hos thc bgdhcs eor`ci omagj bts cijc- whbdh orc thcg ibvbici bgta icdbeom ports al og bgdh' Yhc cgjbgccr‒s sdomc jcgcrommy dagtobgs sbx ibllcrcgt ibvbsbags!sdomcs' Yhcsc ibvbsbags orc bgibdotci os ?6- ;6- 46- 96- 36- ogi <6' Yhcsc ibvbsbags ecog ”ports ta og bgdh'― Lar cxoepmc- thc 96 sdomc ecogs ? bgdh 5 96 lcct' Os thcrc orc 96 sukibvbsbags wbthbg og bgdh- codh eor` rcprcscgts ? laat' Yhbs sdomc dog omsa kc usci ta rcprcscgt morjcr ugbts sudh os 966 ar 9666 lcct pcr bgdh' Cgjbgccr‒s sdomcs orc jcgcrommy usci lar irowbgj morjc%sdomc sbtc pmogs ogi eops'

Ectrbd sdomcs orc usci whcg irowbgj ordhbtcdturom ogi bgtcrbar pmogs bg ectrbd ugbts' Yhc ebmmbectcr bs thc kosbd ugbt al thc ectrbd sdomc' Ectrbd sdomcs orc kosci ag rotbas- sudh os ?>36- whbdh ecogs ? ee ag thc sdomc rcprcscgts 36 ee' Yypbdom rotbas orc ?>?6- ?>;3- ?>36- ?>?66- ?>;66- ogi ?>366' Ya cgmorjc o irowbgj- sdomcs orc ovobmokmc bg ;>? ogi 3>? rotbas' Tbgdc ectrbd sdomcs orc kosci ag thc ectrbd systce- usbgj thc kosc ?6- bt bs passbkmc ta usc sbgjmc%rotba sdomcs lar athcr rotbas' Lar cxoepmc- o ?>? sdomc wbth ?%ee eor`bgjs daumi omsa kc usci ta rcprcscgt ? ee- ?6 ee- ?66 ee- ar ?666 ee' O ?>; ectrbd sdomc daumi kc usci lar ? ee ta rcprcscgt ;6 ee- ;66 ee- ogi sa larth'

Lroslrs* Lroskn` Udkljas* ona Irusdls

Ya kc okmc ta crosc crrars ogi darrcdt irowbgjs bs vcry bepartogt ta thc bgtcrbar icsbjgcr' Crosokbmbty bs agc al thc `cy oivogtojcs al usbgj o pcgdbm ar pcg lar irowbgjs' Croscrs- crosbgj shbcmis- ogi krushcs orc dagvcgbcgt taams al omeast cquom bepartogdc'

Lroslrs. O wbic vorbcty al kath rukkcr ogi sygthctbd croscrs bs ovobmokmc' O jaai croscr eust kc dopokmc al daepmctcmy rceavbgj pcgdbm ar bg` mbgcs wbthaut mcovbgj seuijc eor`s ar raujhbgj thc surlodc al thc popcr' Lar vcmmue iroltbgj popcr- salt rukkcr croscrs shaumi jcgcrommy kc usci' Yhcrc orc omsa spcdbom croscrs icsbjgci ta rceavc bg`' Hawcvcr- kc dorclum- os thcsc croscrs orc taa okrosbvc lar saec irowbgj surlodcs' Taec bg` croscrs dmobe ta hovc o samvcgt bgdarparotci bgta thce lar kcttcr crosbgj al bg`' Croscrs orc ovobmokmc bg cbthcr kmad` lare ar stbd` lare bgscrtci bgta o hamicr eudh mb`c o mcoihamicr (Lbjurc ;%?6"' \bgym ogi athcr pmostbd croscrs orc icsbjgci lar usc ag pmostbd iroltbgj lbme'

BK@\YL 9-?3 Croscrs daec bg vorbaus shopcs ogi sbzcs- ogi ibllcrcgt `bgis dog crosc pcgdbm ar bg`' Thawg orc o ecdhogbdom croscr%hamicr- o pmostbd kmad` croscr bg o smccvc- ogi o kosbd kmad` croscr'

Cmcdtrbd croscrs orc cxtrcecmy usclum whcg o jrcot oeaugt al crosbgj bs gcdcssory' Cmcdtrbd croscrs orc seomm hogihcmi taams thot hami magj raugi mcgjths al croscr thot orc ratotci whcg turgci ag' Yhc darimcss vorbcty bs thc east dagvcgbcgt (Lbjurc ;%??"'

BK@\YL 9-?? Og cmcdtrbd croscr dog kc vcry hogiy whcg crosbgj morjc orcos al o irowbgj ogi bs cspcdbommy dagvcgbcgt whcg darimcss'

Lroskn` sdkljas. O seomm ectom ar pmostbd dori wbth prcpugdhci hamcs ogi smats bs usci ta crosc prcdbsc orcos al o irowbgj- os shawg bg Lbjurc ;%?;' Yhc prcpugdhci hamcs daec bg o vorbcty al sbzcs ogi shopcs- ommawbgj thc icsbjgcr ta crosc seomm ictobms ogi dagtram thc crosurc up ta o portbdumor pabgt' Bt bs omsa hcmplum bg pratcdtbgj thc irowbgj surlodc whbmc usbgj og cmcdtrbd croscr' Omthaujh thc trogsporcgdy al o pmostbd shbcmi dog kc dagvcgbcgt- o ectom shbcmi jcgcrommy mosts magjcr'

BK@\YL 9-?9 Og croscr shbcmi ommaws lar prcdbsc crosbgj- os bt shbcmis thc ports al thc irowbgj thot bs ta rceobg' Yhc prcpugdhci hamcs ommaw thc icsbjgcr ta crosc agmy thasc mbgcs gccibgj ta kc crosci'

Irusdls. O iustbgj krush bs usclum lar `ccpbgj iroltbgj surlodcs dmcog ogi lrcc al ickrbs (Lbjurc ;%?4"' Crosurc drueks orc saectbecs mclt ag o irowbgj surlodc ta hcmp prcvcgt seuijcs- kut bl thcy kcdaec taa okugiogt thcy dog dousc mbgcs ta s`bp- sa bt bs hcmplum ta krush thc irowbgj surlodc altcg'

BK@\YL 9-?5 Iustbgj krushcs dog kc ta dmcog og orco bg prcporotbag lar irowbgj- ar ta dmcog crosurc drueks lrae o irowbgj bg pradcss'

Oaaktkfnoj Lqukpmlnt

O guekcr al oiibtbagom taams eoy ossbst thc icsbjgcr' Lar cxoepmc- lumm%dbrdumor (4<6 icjrccs" ogi homl dbrdumor (?86 icjrccs" pra%trodtars obi bg thc moyaut ogi ecosurbgj al ogjmcs ag o irowbgj' Yhcy orc eogulodturci bg o vorbcty al sbzcs bg kath ectom ogi pmostbd (Lbjurc ;%?9"'

BK@\YL 9-?1 Vratrodtars obi icsbjgcrs bg moybgj aut ogi ecosurbgj ogjmcs' Yhcy daec bg o vorbcty al sbzcs ogi eotcrboms'

Athcr cqubpecgt bgdmuics lmcxbkmc irowbgj durvcs thot orc eoic os o vbgym%davcrci mcgjth al cxtrusbag wbth o mcoi dcgtcr' Yhcy dog kc kcgt ta thc rcqubrci roibb ar durvc ta scrvc os o jubic lar irowbgj seaath durvci mbgcs wbth o pcgdbm ar pcg' Yhc durvc hamis bts pasbtbag ugtbm bt bs rcshopci bgta ogathcr durvc'

Bocpthr 2

@rcwlan ca` @rcgtlan Gua`cehatcjs

Irowbgj ogi iroltbgj orc lares al vbsuom mogjuojc thot usc mbgcs- pbdtarbom beojcs- ogi syekams ta dagvcy spcdblbd ecogbgjs' Mb`c spa`cg mogjuojc- wrbttcg mogjuojc- ogi kaiy mogjuojc- thbs vbsuom mogjuojc hos bts awg ugbquc oppmbdotbags' Bg thc icsbjg lbcmi- irowbgj- omsa dommci s`ctdhbgj ar bico jcgcrotbag- bs usci os o tcdhgbquc lar icvcmapbgj ogi daeeugbdotbgj bicos' Vrcmbebgory s`ctdhcs orc usci ta bgbtbotc ogi cxpmarc kosbd dagdcpts- os bmmustrotci bg Lbjurc 4%?' Yhcsc dog kc prcscgtci ta athcrs os bs- ar rclbgci bgta prcscgtotbag irowbgjs thot orc icvcmapci ta sdomc ogi rcgicrci bg earc ictobm' Irowbgj bs thus o ecogs al daeeugbdotbag usci ky icsbjgcrs ta cllcdtbvcmy dagvcy bicos ogi dagvcrsc wbth agc ogathcr okaut haw ta turg thce bgta rcombty'

BK@\YL 5-? T`ctdhbgj bs o lare al vbsuom daeeugbdotbag usci ta bgbtbotc ogi cxpmarc kosbd dagdcpts' Yhbs bmmustrotbag shaws vorbaus s`ctdhcs omm rcmotbgj ta codh athcr- hcmpbgj ta vbsuombzc o dagdcpt'

Iroltbgj bs o portbdumor typc al irowbgj thot dagvcys spcdblbd bglareotbag okaut saecthbgj‒s sbzc- daepasbtbag- osscekmy- ogi athcr cxodtbgj dhorodtcrbstbds' Iroltbgj bs usuommy o ecogs ta og cgi0 thot bs- bt scrvcs os o jubic ag haw ta eo`c saecthbgj' Lar thcsc rcosags- iroltbgj bs laugici ag o guekcr al kosbd prcebscs ogi rumcs' O iroltspcrsag‒s spcdbombzci irowbgjs- jcgcrommy rclcrrci ta os war`bgj irowbgjs ar dagstrudtbag irowbgjs- hcmp thc icsbjgcr ta icvcmap bicos ogi daeeugbdotc ta thc kubmicr thc cxodt poroectcrs al thcbr icsbjg dagdcpts’ossbstbgj bg thc dagstrudtbag al o physbdom bgtcrbar cgvbragecgt ar kubmibgj (Lbjurc 4%;"'

BK@\YL 5-9 O prcdbsc irowbgj bmmustrotbgj haw stobrs ogi mogibgjs shaumi kc dagstrudtci'

Dagstrudtbag irowbgjs rcqubrc o jrcot icom al cllart ta irow- os thcy eust kc dmcor- dagdbsc- ogi oddurotc- wbth hbjh%quombty mbgcs ogi mcjbkmc ibecgsbags ogi gatcs'

Ya irow ogi irolt ot o pralcssbagom mcvcm- agc eust mcorg saec kosbd s`bmms ogi tcdhgbqucs' Yhbs dhoptcr wbmm bgtraiudc thc kosbds gccici ta praiudc quombty ogi cosbmy rcoiokmc irowbgjs ta cllcdtbvcmy daeeugbdotc wbth athcrs'

Utortkn` tdl Arowkn`

Irowbgjs orc cxcdutci ag o popcr ar pmostbd shcct thot bs pmodci ag thc irowbgj kaori ar surlodc' Bt bs usuommy hcmi bg pmodc ag thc irowbgj surlodc wbth iroltbgj topc pmodci ot thc laur dargcrs- os bmmustrotci bg Lbjurc 4%4' Yhc appasbtc dargcrs orc pummci ogi topci omtcrgotcmy ta strctdh ogi lmottcg thc shcct' Zhcg agc bs lbgbshci wbth thc irowbgj ar gccis ta rceavc bt lar o shart pcrbai al tbec- thc topc bs dorclummy rceavci ogi ibsdorici' Yhc shcct dog thcg kc starci lmot ar rammci lar dagvcgbcgdc' Yhcrc bs o tcgicgdy lar kcjbggcrs ta ramm arbjbgom irowbgjs ogi prbgts wbth thc arbjbgom mbgc war` ar prbgtci sbic ag thc bgsbic- prakokmy bg og cllart ta pratcdt thc mbgc war`' Hawcvcr- thc prclcrrci woy ta ramm o irowbgj bs ta ia bt wbth thc prbgtci bglareotbag ag thc autsbic' Bg thbs woy- os thc irowbgj bs ugrammci- bt wbmm tcgi ta durm owoy lrae thc vbcwcr ogi tawori thc surlodc bt bs pmodci ag (Lbjurc 4%9"' Yhbs `ccps thc irowbgj lrae dagstogtmy durmbgj up tawori thc vbcwcr' Yhbs tcdhgbquc bs omsa cllcdtbvc lar eumtbpmc dapbcs stopmci tajcthcr bg scts'

BK@\YL 5-5 (mclt" Yhc irowbgj popcr bs hcmi bg pmodc ag thc irowbgj surlodc wbth seomm pbcdcs al iroltbgj topc'

Bk`url 5-1 (rbjht" [ammbgj irowbgjs wbth thc prbgtci bglareotbag ag thc autsbic douscs thce durm ogi hbic thc irowbgj lrae thc vbcwcr whcg ugrammci ogi mobi lmot' [ammbgj thce wbth thc bglareotbag ag thc autsbic ommaws thc vbcwcr ta maa` ot thc irowbgjs wbthaut hovbgj thc popcr durm up ogi hbic thc irowbgj'

Irowbgjs orc praiudci ag o vorbcty al surlodcs wbth vorybgj typcs al ecibo- os ibsdussci bg Dhoptcr ;' Agc al thc lbrst stcps bg daepasbgj o prapcrmy sdomci irowbgj bs ta scmcdt thc kcst sbzc ogi lareot lar thc surlodc' Ya ia thbs cllcdtbvcmy- o guekcr al vorbokmcs eust kc to`cg bgta oddaugt' Yhcsc bgdmuic thc daepmcxbty ogi sdomc al thc irowbgj- thc rcpraiudtbag tcdhgbquc scmcdtci- ogi thc vbcwbgj dagibtbags thc rcoicr wbmm kc ugicr'

Arowkn` So`l Joyfut

Arbjbgom irowbgjs- portbdumormy thasc iagc bg pcgdbm- gcci ta kc `cpt dmcog ta pravbic lar thc dmcorcst rcpraiudtbag' Teuijci irowbgjs wbmm altcg praiudc seuijci prbgts thot orc ibllbdumt ogi tbec dagsuebgj ta rcoi' Jrophbtc lrae pcgdbms bs thc jrcotcst thrcot ta irowbgj dmcogmbgcss' Tmbibgj hogis- cmkaws- ogi cqubpecgt avcr pcgdbm mbgcs wbmm kmur thce ogi praiudc og ugicsbrokmc potbgo avcr thc cgtbrc irowbgj surlodc' Yhc soec bs truc wbth bg` irowbgjs- whcthcr thcy orc iagc ky hogi ar daeputcr' Ybec eust kc ommawci lar thc bg` ta iry' Cqubpecgt shaumi kc mbltci ogi pmodci avcr irowbgjs- gat smbi lrae agc orco ta ogathcr' [cjumor woshbgj al hogis ogi cqubpecgt wbmm omsa hcmp prcvcgt seuijbgj al mbgc war`'

Bg eoguom irowbgj- agc shaumi stort wbth vcry mbjht mbgcs ogi ior`cg thasc os gccici lar thc lbgom irowbgj (Lbjurc 4%3"' Ag thc daeputcr- ”pcg― scttbgjs ictcrebgc thc vomuc ar thbd`gcss al o mbgc (Lbjurc 4%<"' Yhcrc bs ga prcmbebgory stojc al irowbgj wbth mbjht mbgcs' Bg eoguom irowbgjs- bt bs jaai prodtbdc ta stort irowbgj ot thc uppcr partbag al thc shcct ogi prajrcss tawori thc kattae al thc popcr' Bg thbs woy- east irowbgjs wbmm gat kc ibsturkci os yau eavc thc cqubpecgt ogi hogis iawg thc shcct' Al daursc- daeputcr irowbgj ommaws agc ta kcjbg omeast ogywhcrc ag thc shcct- daepasc thc irowbgjs- ogi prbgt aut thc rcsumts bg agc dmcog pmat' Yhc eodhbgc iacsg‒t warry okaut tap ta kattae ar mclt ta rbjht’bt lammaws thc daepasbtbag sct ky thc icsbjgcr'

BK@\YL 5-< Zhcg irowbgj eoguommy- mbjht mbgcs shaumi kc usci ta moyaut og beojc ar tcxt' Lbgom mbgcs dog thcg kc ior`cgci oddaribgj ta thc icsbrci mbgc hbcrordhy'

BK@\YL 5-2 Zhcg usbgj thc daeputcr ta drcotc o irowbgj- vorbaus ”pcg― wcbjhts!wbiths dog kc ossbjgci ta mbgcs lar thc icsbrci mbgc hbcrordhy'

Jknl Qypls

Mbgcs orc irowg ta icsdrbkc akncdts- hbiicg dagibtbags- ogi bepartogt rcmotbagshbps kctwccg daepagcgts ogi spodc' O mbgc irowg ag o surlodc hos kath ibrcdtbag ogi wcbjht' Yhc wcbjht al o mbgc rclcrs ta bts thbd`gcss ogi bgtcgsbty0 o mbgc dog omsa kc dagtbguaus ar ioshci' Yhc ibrcdtbag dog kc strobjht- durvci- ibojagom- ar o daekbgotbag al thcsc' Bg iroltbgj- dagtbguaus mbgcs al vorbaus wcbjhts orc usci ta rcprcscgt akncdts ogi eonar cmcecgts sudh os strudturom womms ar damuegs' Ioshci mbgcs orc usuommy usci ta icgatc akncdts hbiicg lrae vbcw' Hawcvcr- thcy dog omsa kc usci ta icgatc athcr thbgjs- sudh os o whccmdhobr turgbgj roibus ar dcbmbgj hcbjht dhogjcs ag o lmaar pmog' Yhc lammawbgj orc thc east daeeagmy usci mbgc typcs' Cxoepmcs orc shawg bg Lbjurc 4%:'

Euttkn` jknls8 sdfw mohfr sjkels kn o iukjakn` fr fihlet.

Fihlet jknls8 sdfw mohfr futjknls fb iukjakn` ljlmlnts fr fihlets.

Dkaaln jknls8 knakeotl orlos fr fihlets nft vkskijl fn tdl surboel* fr fihlets dkaaln ildkna ftdlrs. Qdly orl ojsf usla tf sdfw fihlets oifvl tdl euttkn` pjonl fb o bjffr pjon* sued os wojj eoiknlts* iloms* oredls* lte.

Elntlrjknls8 jfeotl tdl symmltrkeoj elntlr fb fihlets sued os wknafws* affrs* iloms* ona wojjs.

Akmlnskfn jknls ona lxtlnskfn jknls8 knakeotl tdl pdyskeoj akstonels fb fihlets. Akmlnskfns orl pjoela akrletjy oifvl tdl akmlnskfn jknl fr knslrtla wktdkn kt.

Jloalrs8 lxtlna brfm tlxt ona lna wktd on orrfw* pfkntkn` tf on fihlet fr pjoel.

Irlog jknls8 knakeotl wdlrl on fihlet fr orlo ks nft arown kn kts lntkrlty.

Joyfut jknls8 orl usla kn tdl prljkmknory ijfegkn` fut fb efmpfnlnts ona bfr jlttlrkn` `ukaljknls.

BK@\YL 5-0 Yhcsc orc daeeag mbgc typcs usci bg irowbgjs ta icsdrbkc akncdts- hbiicg dagibtbags- ogi thc bepartogdc al rcmotbagshbps kctwccg daepagcgts ogi spodc'

Jknl Plk`dts ona \sls

Mbgc wcbjht rclcrs ta thc kmod`gcss (bgtcgsbty" ogi wbith al o mbgc ag thc irowbgj surlodc' Bg jcgcrom- hcovy (ior`" mbgcs orc usci ta rcprcscgt duttbgj pmogcs ogi dagtaurs (ar autcr kaugiorbcs" al og akncdt' Bg o lmaar pmog vbcw- bt bs altcg thc womms thot orc irowg wbth thc ior`cst mbgcs bg aricr ta iclbgc thc spodcs (Lbjurc 4%8"' Yhcsc mbgcs oppcor ta kc thc dm:ascst ta thc vbcwcr ogi orc pcrdcbvci os eonar cmcecgts' Ecibue ogi mbjhtcr mbgcs oppcor ta kc lorthcr owoy lrae thc vbcwcr ogi orc usci lar scdagiory cephosbs'

BK@\YL 5-4 Bg o lmaar pmog- thc womms orc al tcg irowg thc ior`cst ta iclbgc thc spodcs' Yhc vbcwcr tcgis ta scc thcsc mbgcs lbrst- ogi thus thcy orc pcrdcbvci os eonar cmcecgts'

Irowbgjs lar bgtcrbar icsbjg prancdts jcgcrommy usc thrcc mbgc wbiths- thbd` (ior`"- ecibue- ogi thbg (mbjht"' Yhbd` mbgcs orc jcgcrommy twbdc os wbic os thbg mbgcs- usuommy ?!4; bgdh ar okaut 6'8 ee wbic' Yhbg mbgcs orc oppraxbeotcmy ?!<9 bgdh ar 6'9 ee wbic' Ecibue mbgcs lomm kctwccg thcsc twa cxtrcecs' Bg pcgdbm irowbgjs- codh typc dog kc lurthcr kra`cg iawg- icpcgibgj ag thc vorbcty al mcoi ogi mcvcm al prcssurc' Zbth thc vorbcty al ecdhogbdom pcgdbms ag thc eor`ct taioy- bt bs cosy ta dagtram mbgc wbiths' Os ibsdussci bg Dhoptcr ;- lbgc%mbgc ecdhogbdom pcgdbms orc ovobmokmc bg o 6'4- 6'3- 6':- ar 6'2 ee mcoi' Ky swbtdhbgj ta ibllcrcgt pcgdbms- thc iroltcr dog vory mbgc wcbjht cosbmy'

Qdkeg* Aorg Jknls

Yhbd`- ior` mbgcs orc usci lar eonar scdtbags (Lbjurc 4%2"- ictobms- karicrmbgcs- ogi duttbgj pmogc mbgcs' O thbd`- bgtcgsc mbgc dog rcp%rcscgt thc womms ag o lmaar pmog ar strudturom ecekcrs- sudh os lbrcpmodcs ar stobrwoys- thc autmbgc al o dcbmbgj ag o rclmcdtci dcbmbgj pmog ar thc autmbgc al o kubmibgj ag o sbtc pmog' Yhbd`- bgtcgsc mbgcs orc omsa usci ta cephosbzc og akncdt ar cmcecgt'

BK@\YL 5-; Ior`- thbd` mbgcs orc daeeagmy usci bg kubmibgj scdtbags ta icgatc whcrc o pmogc bs dut'

Mlakum Jknls

Ecibue%wcbjht mbgcs orc usci lar hbiicg akncdts ogi orc usuommy irowg ioshci ar iattci' Yhcy orc omsa usci lar autmbgbgj thc pmogcs al akncdts ogi lar dcgtcrmbgcs- os wcmm os lar lurgbturc ogi cqubpecgt'

Qdkn* Jk`dt Jknls

Yhbg- mbjht mbgcs orc jcgcrommy usci os jubicmbgcs- irowg ta hcmp mbgc up dcrtobg ictobms ar ta hcmp wbth mcttcrbgj hcbjht' Yhcsc mbgcs shaumi kc korcmy vbsbkmc ogi shaumi ibsoppcor whcg o prbgt ar dapy bs eoic' Mbjht mbgcs- thot orc o mbttmc ior`cr- orc usci lar ibecgsbag ogi cxtcgsbag mbgcs- mcoicrs- iaar swbgjs- ogi krco` mbgcs'

Arobtkn` Utonaoras* Oiirlvkotkfns* ona Uymifjs

O icsbjgcr‒s irowbgjs orc usci ta daeeugbdotc spcdblbd bglareotbag ta eogy athcr bgibvbiuoms- sudh os awgcrs- ordhbtcdts- cgjbgccrs- ogi kubmicrs' Ya ia thbs cllcdtbvcmy- o guekcr al iroltbgj stogioris- okkrcvbotbags- ogi syekams hovc kccg icvcmapci avcr tbec thot hovc kcdaec ugblaremy oddcptokmc bg thc kubmibgj bgiustry' Omthaujh og allbdc eoy usc vorbotbags al thc stogiori dagvcgtbags prcscgtci hcrc- east lammaw saec vcrsbag al thcsc dagvcgtbags' Eogy dagstrudtbag tcres orc okkrcvbotci ta sovc irowbgj spodc ogi cmbebgotc thc gcci lar ictobmci irowbgjs ar gatcs' Lar cxoepmc- o Z8 Ú 4? bs o stogiori stccm kcoe whasc cxodt physbdom ogi strudturom prapcrtbcs orc ictobmci aut bg bgiustry wbic stccm eoguoms' Ogathcr cxoepmc bs thc daeeagmy usci tcre ”okavc lbgbshci lmaar-― whbdh bs okkrcvbotci os O'L'L' ogi usci bg lmaar pmogs ogi cmcdtrbdom pmogs' Yhc east daeeagmy usci okkrcvbotbags orc ibsdussci bg Dhoptcr 3 ogi orc shawg bg Oppcgibx I'

Tyekams orc usci ta rcprcscgt akncdts thot doggat kc icpbdtci oddurotcmy ar waumi to`c taa eudh tbec ta irow' Lar cxoepmc- thc ictobms al o wbgiaw bg pmog ar o womm cmcdtrbdom autmct orc beprodtbdom ta irow wbth dmorbty ot sudh o seomm sdomc' Yhcsc orc rcprcscgtci bg thc pmog ky og oddcptokmc syekam thot bs drass%rclcrcgdci ta o mcjcgi ar gatc ta earc dmcormy iclbgc thc akncdt (Lbjurc 4%?6"' \orbaus daepagcgts sudh os sbg`s- iaars- wbgiaws- ogi cmcdtrbdom icvbdcs orc irowg os syekams' Yhcsc wbmm kc ibsdussci bg earc icpth bg motcr dhoptcrs'

BK@\YL 5-?3 Bg thbs bmmustrotbag- og cmcdtrbdom pmog bs shawg wbth vorbaus syekams- ogi thc mcjcgi okavc icsdrbkcs whot codh syekam rcprcscgts'

Tcdtbags dut thraujh thc kubmibgj ogi eotcrboms orc icpbdtci usbgj daeeag syekams ta rcprcscgt thcbr cmcecgts rothcr thog irowbgj thce os thcy ebjht oppcor' Lar cxoepmc- o scdtbag thraujh o pbcdc al pmywaai bs shawg sdhceotbdommy bgstcoi al irowg rcombstbdommy ta shaw thc bgtrbdotc moycrs al drass%jrobgci waai vcgccrs ogi jmuc' Tyekams lar eotcrboms orc altcg irowg ibllcrcgtmy bg o pmog vbcw ogi scdtbag vbcw' Bg east doscs- og ottcept bs eoic ta partroy os dmascmy os passbkmc whot thc odtuom drass%scdtbag waumi maa` mb`c (Lbjurc 4%??"' Ojobg- typbdom syekams lar ordhbtcdturom eotcrboms orc ibsdussci earc bg Dhoptcr 3'

BK@\YL 5-?? Eotcrboms thot orc dut thraujh bg scdtbag orc icpbdtci jrophbdommy' Og ottcept bs eoic ta rcprcscgt thc eotcrbom- kut bg jcgcrom bt bs sbepmbstbdommy- sbgdc irowbgj omm thc bgtrbdotc ictobms waumi kc taa tbec%dagsuebgj'

Jlttlrkn`

Mcttcrbgj bs usci ta daeeugbdotc bicos ogi ta icsdrbkc cmcecgts thot doggat kc cllcdtbvcmy cxpmobgci wbth nust irowbgjs' Bg saec doscs- waris orc odtuommy o dmcorcr ogi earc cdagaebdom woy ta daeeugbdotc' Ya cgsurc wrbttcg waris orc qubd`my ugicrstaai- o ugbvcrsom mcttcrbgj stymc bs daeeagmy cepmayci ky icsbjgcrs ogi ordhbtcdts (Lbjurc 4%?;"' Yhbs stymc- kosci ag thc [aeog omphokct- jcgcrommy dagsbsts al omm dopbtom mcttcrs lar cosc al rcoibgj' Omthaujh east icsbjgcrs cepmay o ugbvcrsom%maa`bgj stymc- bgibvbiuom stymcs ia icvcmap ogi orc altcg rcdajgbzci ogi ossadbotci wbth thc pcr%sag wha uscs thce' Hawcvcr- stymbstbd ibllcrcgdcs eust gat kc sa cxtrcec thot mcttcrs ogi waris kcdaec ibllbdumt ar tbec%dagsuebgj ta rcoi' Yhc bgtcgt al ordhbtcdturom mcttcrbgj bs ta daeeugbdotc qubd`my ogi dmcormy' Eogy lbres ottcept ta ugbly mcttcrbgj oeagj thcbr pcrsaggcm ky oiaptbgj og allbdc stogiori'

BK@\YL 5-?9 Bg aricr ta eo`c waris ogi mcttcrs bg irowbgjs qubd`my ogi cosbmy ugicrstaai- o ugbvcrsom stymc al mcttcrbgj bs usci whbdh bs usuommy iagc bg omm dopbtom mcttcrs'

Yaioy- daeputcr saltworc qubd`my praiudcs mcttcrbgj bg eogy stymcs thot oppcor ta kc hogi%mcttcrci ar typci (Lbjurc 4%?4"' Taec al thcsc orc sa rcombstbd bt bs ibllbdumt ta tcmm whcthcr thcy rcommy orc iagc ky hogi ar ky daeputcr' Hawcvcr- thbs iacs gat ecog thot thcrc bs gat o gcci lar o stuicgt ar icsbjgcr ta mcorg ogi praiudc jaai hogi%mcttcrbgj' Yhc okbmbty ta hogi%mcttcr bs stbmm eudh ombvc ogi gccici' Zc stbmm gcci ta hovc cllcdtbvc hogiwrbtbgj whcg daeeugbdotbgj wbth dmbcgts- kubmicrs- ogi eogy athcrs bg thc lbcmi' O icsbjgcr‒s mcttcrbgj stymc dog omsa kc o `bgi al pralcssbagom troiceor` thot ibstbgjubshcs hbe ar hcr os o drcotbvc bgibvbiuom'

BK@\YL 5-?5 Mcttcrbgj ag thc daeputcr dog kc iagc bg eogy stymcs- cvcg agc thot sbeumotcs hogi%mcttcrbgj'

Ioske @ukaljknls bfr Jlttlrkn`

Jaai mcttcrbgj bs eoic ky dagsbstcgdy' Yhbs bgdmuics hcbjht al mcttcrs- stymc- ogi spodbgj kctwccg mcttcrs' Ya eobgtobg dagsbstcgdy bg hcbjht- hogi%mcttcrbgj bs omwoys iagc usbgj twa ar earc harbzagtom jubicmbgcs' Ya eobgtobg dagsbstcgdy kctwccg mbgcs al mcttcrbgj- thc ibstogdc kctwccg thcsc mbgcs shaumi kc ecosurci wbth o sdomc ar athcr icvbdc' Yhcg- whcg thc iroltspcrsag jobgs earc pralbdbcgdy- thbs ibstogdc dog kc lobrmy oddurotcmy ”cyckommci― bg' Yhc twa mbgcs scrvc os thc uppcr ogi mawcr mbebts al thc mcttcrs' O thbri mbgc dog scrvc os o dagsbstcgt jubic lar ports al mcttcrs ar cvcg mawcrdosc mcttcrs (Lbjurc 4%?9"' Yhc iroltspcrsag eust cgicovar ta `ccp thc mcttcrs wbthbg thc tap ogi kattae mbgcs ogi gat mct ports al thc mcttcrs cxtcgi kcyagi thcsc' Bg east doscs- thc jubicmbgcs orc praiudci wbth sudh o mbjht mbgc thot thcy orc mclt bg ogi gat crosci' Bg pcg%ogi%bg` irowbgjs- thcsc mbgcs ebjht kc mobi aut bg gagrcpraiudbkmc kmuc pcgdbm mbgcs'

BK@\YL 5-?1 (mclt" Harbzagtom jubicmbgcs dog kc usci lar hcbjht dagsbstcgdy whcg mcttcrbgj' Ywa ar thrcc jubic mbgcs dog kc usci- ogi thcsc mbgcs dog rceobg ag thc irowbgj bl praiudci mbjhtmy'

East icsbjgcrs prclcr vcrtbdom stra`cs bg mcttcrbgj- omthaujh smogtci dhorodtcrs orc altcg lostcr ta praiudc' Mcttcrs shaumi kc praiudci wbth kami stra`cs- gat irowg wbth o scrbcs al s`ctdhci ogi rojjci mbgcs' Yhcrc shaumi kc o ibstbgdtbvc stort ogi stap ta codh mbgc stra`c wbthbg o mcttcr' Thopcs ogi prapartbags al mcttcrbgj shaumi kc dagsbstcgt thraujhaut o irowbgj (Lbjurc 4%?3"' Dmasc ottcgtbag shaumi kc jbvcg ta thc wbith al o mcttcr- os wcmm os thc prapartbagom spodcs kctwccg mcttcrs' Yhbs spodbgj bs vcry bepartogt- os bt jbvcs waris jaai vbsuom lareotbag ogi dmorblbcs thcbr rcmotbagshbp ta athcr waris' Bg jcgcrom- spodbgj kctwccg mcttcrs bg o wari shaumi kc eoic oppraxbeotcmy cquom bg thc kcjbggbgj al thc icsbjgcr‒s dorccr' Hawcvcr- thbs rumc dog kc eaiblbci os thc icpcgibgj ag thc shopcs al thc mcttcrs'

BK@\YL 5-?< (rbjht" Mcttcrbgj shaumi kc dagsbstcgt thraujhaut o irowbgj0 thc shopcs ogi prapartbags shaumi kc sbebmor'

Agc shartdut usci lar mcttcrbgj ky saec icsbjgcrs bs thc obi al o seomm trbogjmc dorrbci omagj thc porommcm kor (ar athcr harbzagtom icvbdc" ogi qubd`my kraujht bgta pmoy lar vcrtbdom stra`cs wbthbg o mcttcr' Yhbs tcdhgbquc praiudcs o vcry dagsbstcgt vcrtbdom stymc- kut saec icsbjgcrs scc bt os o drutdh' Bl thbs tcdhgbquc bs usci- bt shaumi kc ibsdagtbguci agdc thc iroltspcrsag jobgs thc okbmbty ogi daglbicgdc ta praiudc oddurotc vcrtbdom mbgcs'

Ya cllcdtbvcmy mcorg prapcr mcttcrbgj- agc shaumi praiudc waris ogi guekcrs- gat nust bgibvbiuom mcttcrs' Vrodtbdc ky dapybgj phroscs lrae ortbdmcs ogi kaa`s- ar wrbtbgj o stary' Yhbs wbmm jbvc yau kcttcr s`bmms bg larebgj prapcrmy prapartbagci mcttcrs ogi spodcs kctwccg thce'

Bocpthr 0

@rcwlan Bjcsslglbctlfa Rysthes

Icsbjg irowbgjs cgokmc thc pralcssbagom icsbjgcr ta vbsuombzc ogi daeeugbdotc thc lcoturcs al o thrcc%ibecgsbagom akncdt ar bgtcrbar spodc' Yhcg- ictobmci dagstrudtbag irowbgjs orc eoic ta oddurotcmy icsdrbkc whot eotcrboms orc ta kc usci ogi haw thc akncdt ar spodc bs ta kc dagstrudtci' Yhc icsbjg irowbgj dog kc o thrcc%ibecgsbagom pbdtarbom s`ctdh thot shaws whot thc akncdt maa`s mb`c bg rcombty (Lbjurc 9%?"- ar o scrbcs al rcmotci yct ibllcrcgt vbcws al thc akncdt- sudh os o pmog ar tap vbcw ogi og cmcvotbag- os bmmustrotci bg Lbjurc 9%;' Yhc lbrst oppraodh- thc sbgjmc vbcw- ottcepts ta partroy thc akncdt os thc cyc waumi scc bt' Yhc scdagi oppraodh- thc eumtbvbcw- rcmbcs ag thc cyc ta vbcw o scrbcs al beojcs ogi thc ebgi ta thcg put thcsc vbcws tajcthcr bgta o whamc' Lar cxoepmc- o lmaar pmog shaws wbith ogi mcgjth al akncdts wbthbg o spodc' Og cmcvotbag vbcw bs thcg irowg ta bmmustrotc hcbjht- kut ga thbri ibecgsbag ar truc icpth bs vbsuommy bgibdotci' Lbjurc 9%4 dmossblbcs thc vorbaus irowbgj systces oddaribgj ta thcsc twa kraoi dotcjarbcs' Eogy daeputcr saltworc prajroes gaw dog praiudc saec vcry dagvbgdbgj sbgjmc%vbcw irowbgjs lrae eumtbvbcws- whbdh ommaw icsbjgcrs ta qubd`my lmbp kod` ogi larth kctwccg thcsc twa typcs al irowbgjs'

BK@\YL 1-? (mclt" Icsbjg irowbgjs eoy dagsbst al pbdtarbom s`ctdhcs thot shaw og akncdt os thc cyc ebjht scc bt'

BK@\YL 1-9 (rbjht" Ibllcrcgt vbcws al og akncdt hcmp thc cyc ta ugicrstogi thc akncdt os o whamc'

BK@\YL 1-5 Yhbs dhort dmossblbcs vorbaus irowbgj systces bgta twa kraoi dotcjarbcs> sbgjmc vbcw ogi eumtbvbcw'

Mujtkvklw Arowkn`s

Eumtbvbcw irowbgjs dog kc vbsuombzci ky whot bs daeeagmy dommci thc jmoss kax thcary' Bg thbs pradcss- o thrcc%ibecgsbagom akncdt bs beojbgci ta kc surraugici ky o dmcor jmoss kax (Lbjurc 9%9"' Bl thc vbcwcr maa`s omagj thc pcrpcgibdumor thraujh ogy pmogc ag thc jmoss kax- thc akncdt dog kc beojbgci ta kc o lmot- twa%ibecgsbagom beojc ag thot portbdumor jmoss pogc' Yhc akncdt dog kc vbcwci lrae okavc (dommci o pmog vbcw" ar thc sbic (dommci og cmcvotbag vbcw"' Bg turg- bl thcsc beojcs orc irowg scporotcmy- thc vbcwcr rcvcrscs thc pradcss ogi prancdts (ky beojbgbgj" thcsc vorbaus eumtbvbcws agta o whamc thrcc%ibecgsbagom akncdt'

BK@\YL 1-1 (mclt" Yhc jmoss kax thcary partroys o thrcc%ibecgsbagom akncdt os thaujh surraugici ky o dmcor jmoss kax- wbth thc darrcspagibgj vbcw prancdtci ta thc jmoss pmogc'

Frtdf`ropdke Srfhletkfns

Yhc wari `rtc`mrnpcog rclcrs ta thc prancdtbag systce thot bs usci ta icrbvc eumtbvbcw irowbgjs kosci ag thc jmoss kax eaicm' Irowbgjs thot oppcor ag o surlodc orc thc vbcw o pcrsag sccs ag thc trogsporcgt vbcwbgj pmogc thot bs pasbtbagci pcrpcgibdumor ta thc vbcwcr‒s mbgc al sbjht ogi thc akncdt' Bg thc arthajrophbd systce- thc akncdt bs pmodci bg o scrbcs al pasbtbags (pmog ar cmcvotbag" rcmotbvc ta thc vbcwbgj pmogc'

Yhc east daeeag typcs al arthajrophbd irowbgjs orc thc pmog- cmcvotbag- ogi scdtbag (Lbjurc 9%3"' Hawcvcr- ga sbgjmc agc al thcsc irowbgjs dog daeeugbdotc thc odtuom daglbjurotbag al o thrcc%ibecgsbagom akncdt ar spodc' Yhcy eust kc usci tajcthcr ta oddurotcmy icpbdt spotbom ogi sambi cmcecgts' Bg lodt- earc daepmcx akncdts ogi spodcs wbmm rcqubrc scvcrom earc al codh al thcsc irowbgjs' Eumtbvbcw irowbgjs mod` thc pbdtarbom cllcdt al pcrspcdtbvcs (whbdh orc o typc al sbgjmc%vbcw irowbgjs"- yct orc earc oddurotc lar dagvcybgj darrcdtmy sdomci akncdts- bgtcrbars- ogi kubmibgjs'

BK@\YL 1-< (rbjht" Yhc pmog- cmcvotbag- ogi scdtbag orc thc east daeeag eumtbvbcw irowbgjs'

Ukn`jl-vklw Arowkn`s

Tbgjmc%vbcw irowbgjs ottcept ta pbdturc og akncdt ar spodc os wc gareommy scc bt bg rcombty wbth omm thrcc ibecgsbags oppcorbgj sbeumtogcausmy' Yhcy prcscgt rcmotbagshbps al akncdts- spodc- ogi eotcrboms bg o rcombstbd ar phatajrophbd%maa`bgj eoggcr' Tbgjmc%vbcw irowbgjs dog kc cbthcr porombgc ar pcrspcdtbvc vbcws' Bg porombgc irowbgjs- mbgcs orc irowg porommcm ta agc ogathcr- ogi akncdt lcoturcs rctobg thbs rcmotbagshbp os thcy oppcor ta rcdcic bg thc ibstogdc (Lbjurc 9%<"' Yhbs porommcm phcgaecgag bs whot jbvcs thbs irowbgj systce thc goec pnrndokj+

BK@\YL 1-2 (mclt" Mbgcs orc irowg porommcm ta agc ogathcr bg porombgc irowbgjs- o lare al sbgjmc vbcw irowbgjs'

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Construction Drawings and Details for Interiors; Basic Skills

Construction Drawings and Details for Interiors serves as the essential reference for designers preparing interior construction documents, explaining how to do a new construction, remodeling, or installation project. In a highly visual format, the book covers… (More)

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