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AMA Education System
APA STYLE GUIDE
Prepared byResearch Unit, Academic Affairs Department
 
 
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................1General APA Guidelines.....................................................................................................4Major Paper Sections......................................................................................................4In-Text Citations: The Basics..............................................................................................6APA Citation Basics........................................................................................................6In-Text Citations: Author/Authors......................................................................................8Citing an Author or Authors............................................................................................8Citing Indirect Sources......................................................................................................10Electronic Sources.........................................................................................................10Footnotes and Endnotes....................................................................................................11Content Notes................................................................................................................11Copyright Permission Notes..........................................................................................12Reference List: Basic Rules..............................................................................................12Basic Rules....................................................................................................................12Reference List: Author/Authors........................................................................................13Single Author................................................................................................................13Two Authors..................................................................................................................13Three to Six Authors.....................................................................................................13More Than Six Authors.................................................................................................13Organization as Author.................................................................................................14Unknown Author...........................................................................................................14Two or More Works by the Same Author.....................................................................14Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year........................................15Introductions, Prefaces, Forewords, and Afterwards....................................................15Reference List: Articles in Periodicals..............................................................................15Basic Form....................................................................................................................15Article in Journal Paginated by Volume.......................................................................15Article in Journal Paginated by Issue............................................................................16Article in a Magazine....................................................................................................16Article in a Newspaper..................................................................................................16Letter to the Editor........................................................................................................16Review...........................................................................................................................16Reference List: Books.......................................................................................................16Basic Format for Books.................................................................................................16Edited Book, No Author................................................................................................17Edited Book with an Author or Authors.......................................................................17A Translation.................................................................................................................17Edition Other Than the First..........................................................................................17Article or Chapter in an Edited Book............................................................................17Multivolume Work........................................................................................................17Reference List: Other Print Sources..................................................................................18An Entry in An Encyclopedia.......................................................................................18
 
 
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Work Discussed in a Secondary Source........................................................................18Dissertation Abstract.....................................................................................................18Government Document.................................................................................................18Report From a Private Organization.............................................................................18Conference Proceedings................................................................................................18Reference List: Electronic Sources...................................................................................19Article From an Online Periodical................................................................................19Online Scholarly Journal Article...................................................................................19Article From an Online Periodical with DOI Assigned................................................19Article From an Online Periodical with no DOI Assigned...........................................20Article From a Database................................................................................................20Abstract.........................................................................................................................20 Newspaper Article.........................................................................................................21Electronic Books...........................................................................................................21Chapter/Section of a Web document or Online Book Chapter.....................................21Online Book Reviews....................................................................................................22Dissertation/Thesis from a Database.............................................................................22Online Encyclopedias and Dictionaries........................................................................22Online Bibliographies and Annotated Bibliographies..................................................22Data Sets........................................................................................................................23Graphic Data (e.g. Interactive Maps and Other Graphic Representations of Data)......23Qualitative Data and Online Interviews........................................................................23Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides..............................................................23 Nonperiodical Web Document, Web Page, or Report..................................................24Computer Software/Downloaded Software..................................................................24E-mail............................................................................................................................24Online Forum or Discussion Board Posting..................................................................24Blog (Weblog) and Video Blog Post.............................................................................25Wikis.............................................................................................................................25Audio Podcast...............................................................................................................25Video Podcasts..............................................................................................................25Reference List: Other Non-Print Sources..........................................................................26Interviews, Email, and Other Personal Communication...............................................26Motion Picture...............................................................................................................26A Motion Picture or Video Tape with International or National Availability..............26A Motion Picture or Video Tape with Limited Availability.........................................26Television Broadcast or Series Episode........................................................................26Single Episode of a Television Series...........................................................................27Television Broadcast.....................................................................................................27A Television Series.......................................................................................................27Music Recording...........................................................................................................27Types of APA Papers........................................................................................................27Literature Review..........................................................................................................27Experimental Report.....................................................................................................28Other Papers..................................................................................................................29
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