Broad Band Access Technologies
Chapter 1
BROAD BAND ACCESS(Wired and Wireless)
Contents
•
Introduction
•
What is Broadband
•
Broad Band Access
•
Wired Line Access
•
Wireless Access
•
Broadband Modem Configuration Procedure
•
Conclusion
Objectives
After completion of this module you will be able to know:
•
About various Broad Band access technologies being deployed around the globe.
•
About Broadband Modem configuration procedure.
1.1 Introduction
Advances in telecommunications and data technology are creating new opportunities for countries, businesses and individuals—just as the Industrial Revolution changed fortunesaround the globe. The new economy is defining how people do business, communicate,shop, have fun, learn, and live on a global basis—
connecting everyone to everything
.The evolution of Internet has come into existence & Internet service is expanding rapidly.The demands it has placed upon the public network, especially the access network, aregreat. However, technological advances promise big increases in access speeds, enabling public networks to play a major role in delivering new and improved telecommunicationsservices and applications to consumers .The Internet and the network congestion thatfollowed, has led people to focus both on the first and last mile as well as on creating adifferent network infrastructure to avoid the network congestion and access problems.The solution to this is Broadband.
1.2 What is Broadband?
A definition to broadband is a must as different service providers defines in their own terms & context.
TRAI (Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of India)
defines broadband as follows: -An
‘always-on’
data connection that is able to support interactive servicesincluding Internet access and has the capability of the
minimum download speed of 256kilo bits per second (kbps)
to an individual subscriber
from the Point Of Presence(POP)
of the service provider intending to provide Broadband service where multiplesuch individual Broadband connections are aggregated and the subscriber is able toPrepared by RTTC, NagpurPage 1 of 31
Broad Band Access Technologiesaccess these interactive services including the Internet through this POP. The interactiveservices will exclude any services for which a separate license is specifically required, for example, real-time voice transmission, except to the extent that it is presently permittedunder ISP license with Internet Telephony.”
1.3 Broadband Access
Broadband access technology is broadly classified into two categories. They are WiredLine & Wireless and further classified as detailed in the following diagram.
1.3.1 Wired Line Access:1.3.1.1 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): -
DSL uses the existing
twisted-pair telephone lines as the access media. Over a period of time, anumber of technologies
(xDSL)
have been introduced to provide faster data speeds over thismedium. The various xDSL technologies are given below.1. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)2. VDSL (Very High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line)3. RADSL (Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line)4. HDSL (High Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line)5. SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
(
ADSL
) is a form of DSL,a data communications
technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional
Prepared by RTTC, NagpurPage 2 of 31
Wired line
Wireless
FSO (Free Space Optics)SatelliteDSL (Digital Sub’s Line)Cable ModemOptical Fibre TechnologiesPLC (Power LineCommunication)3G MobileWi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
WiMAXLMDS & MMDS
Broadband Access
Broad Band Access Technologiesmodemcan provide.ADSL has the distinguishing characteristic that the data can flow faster inone direction (used for download streaming) than the other(used for upload streaming) i.e.,asymmetrically.
WHY ADSL?
ADSL is in place due to both technical and marketing reasons. On the technical side,there is likely to be more crosstalk from other circuits at the DSLAM(
D
igital
S
ubscriber
L
ine
A
ccess
M
ultiplex) end (where the wires from many local loops are close together) than at thecustomer premises. Thus the upload signal is weakest, while the download signal is strongest atthe noisiest part of the local loop. It therefore makes DSLAM transmit at a higher bit rate thandoes the modem on the customer end. Since the typical home user in fact does prefer a higher download speed, thus telecom companies chose to make a virtue out of necessity, hence ADSLcome to place.
HOW ADSL WORKS ?
To obtain the asymmetrical data transfer to suit requirement of Internet and LAN access,ADSL works by firstly splitting the available bandwidth on the twisted copper wire (telephonewires) into three different channels:1) A high speed downstream channel (ranges from 1.5 to 8 Mbps)2) A medium speed upstream channel (ranges from 16 kbps to 1 Mbps)3) POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) channelADSL uses two separate frequency bands. With standard ADSL, the band from 25.875kHzto 138 kHz is used for upstream communication, while 138 kHz - 1104 kHz is used for downstream communication.
Frequency plan for ADSL
First the POTS channel is splits off from the digital modem by filter, thus guaranteeinguninterrupted POTS. After the POTS channel are spitted from the digital data transfer bandwidth, the 26kHz to 1.1mhz data bandwidth could be further separated by using one of twoways as describe below:Prepared by RTTC, NagpurPage 3 of 31
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