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cus mcpccttrcz d` cxprimcrmagrati
tudc aux autcrtsdcIa cndaticn a
Stuttgartcurl ` ivitatcnu` clIcsm` cntfatc
dccctriucrmcn tcur ct amaIac, 3 la
rcmiscdurixIrancc-allcmanddcraducticn
VV. cs avczacccpt quc cdcnncpcr
ttrc accsquc|qucsrcarqucs ctcn
hcurdclatraducticnD.
1` aimcais cn cIIctpIaccrcsrcmarqucs
ccnsacrcauxgrandcsdicultsctauxpctts
bcnurs dc la traductcn cus | ` gidc du
ttrc L 'crcuvc dc / 'c/ranycr

quc lcrcgrcttc
I. CulS0D0S NCll3_S3BSl3lI. LCSI l3 OIS uBC Ol3B0hC CC 3 OH-
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r/atradct|cn
ntinccrana dcnn a scnrcmarquablc
cssai . Cu//urc c/ /raduc//cn dans / H//cmaync
romaatquc.
1cdiraid` acrdctpluslcngucmcntlcsdif
cults |ics a la traducticncn tant qucpari
difci | c, quc|ucfcisimpcssibctcnir. Ccs
difcultscntrcismcnrsumcsdanslc
tcrmcd` prcvc , audcubcscnsdc pcinc
cndc ctdc prcbaticn . iscl ` prcuvc,
ccmc cndit, d` unprc ct, d` un dsirvcirc
d` uncpulsicn . |apulsicndctraduirc.
curclaircrccttcprcuvc, c suggrc dc
ccmparcr|atchcdutraductcur dcntparlc
altcrcnaminscuslcdcublcscnsqucrcud
dcnnc aumct travail, quand il parlcdans
uncssaidc travail dcscuvcnir ctdansun
autrc cssai dc travail dc dcuil. Entraduc-
ticnaussi, i|cstprccdaccrtainsauvctagcct
aunccrtainccnscntcmcntlapcrtc.
Sauvctagcdcquci ccdcquciC` cs|
qucsticnqucpcsclctcrmcd` trangcr dans
lctitrc dc can. cu patcnaircs scntcn
cfIct mis cn rclaticnpar l ` actc dc traduirc,
|trangcr tcrmcccuvrantl ` uvrc, l ` aucur,
Dej etbcnherdc l0 /l0uuC/OH
s alanguc- ctlclcctcurdcstinatairc dc l'cu-
vragctrauit Et, cntrclcsdcu, lctraductcur
Qu| |I3HSmC|, 3|| Q3SSCI C DCSS3gC cncd d
idicmc dans l ` autrc. C` cstdans ccttc inccn
fcrtablc ituaticn dc mdiatcur quc rsi dc
l'prcuvc cn gucsticn. ranz cscnzciga
dc3 ccttcprcuvclafcrmcd'unparadcxc
raduirc, dt- l, c'cst scrvr cux matrcs
l'trangcrdansscn ouvrc, lclcctcurdansscn
dsird'apprcpriaticn.utcurtrangcr,lcctcur
habitantlammclangucquclctraductcur.Cc
paradcxcrclvccncfIctd'uncpcblmatiquc
sansparcllc, sancticnncdcublcmcntparun
voudc dlit ct un scupcn dc trahiscn.
Schlcicmachcr,ucl'dcncslauratshcncrc
cc scir, ccmpcsai t lc paradcc cn dcux
pascs . cncrlclcctc3 l'autc, amc-
ncrl'autcr aulcctcur .
C'cstdnscctchangc,dansccchiasmcquc
rsidc l'uivalcntdcccgucncusavcnsappcl
plushauttravaildc scuvcnir,travaildc dcuil.
ravaildc scuvcnird'abcrd cctravail, quc
l'cnpcutaussiccmpcr3 cpaiticn,pcc
sulcs dcplcdclatraducticn. 'unct,
V
la/mdac/on
1
i| s ` attaqc|a sacra|isaticndc|a|anguc ditc
atcclIc, sai|csitidcntitairc.
LCllC IcSISl3HCC d Cl0 d CC|CuI ncdcit
pastrc sscstimc. Laprtcnticna l ` autc
suIsancc,crcsdc|amdiaticncl ` tran
gcr,cntnoicnsccrctmantsctccnismcs
lingisigcsct,p|usgI3vCmCHl, maintcsr
tcnticnsa ` gmcniccurcllctc|lcqu` cna
pu| ` cscrcrdc|aparatin, dc| ` tiquit
tardivc|anduccn

gcctmmcaudc|
dc|acnaissancc, dc|apartaussiduIranais
| ` gcc|assiuc, dcapartdc l ` angcamri-
cadcnccs.` aicmp|c,ccmccnps-
chanalsc,|ctccdc rsistancc pcurdirc
ccrcssccisdc| ` prcvcdcl ` trangcrdc
lapartc|a|angucd` accci.
ais|arsistanccautravai|dctraducticn,
cntantqu` quiva|cntdutravai|dscuvcnir,
n` cst pas cindrc du ct dc |a |anguc dc
l ` trangcr.1C trauctcrICHC0Hl|C cCttC rsis
tanccp|usicursstadcsdccncntrcprisc. |a
rcnccntrc ds avant dc ccmmcnccr scus |a
Icrmcdc|prscmpticndcncntraduisii|it,
i| ` iivantmmcd` attaqucr| ` cvragc.
Oe[| c| bcnhcur Jc la traduc||on
cut sc cuc, tcut sc passc ccmc si dans
l ` motioinitialc,dans | ` angcisscparIoisdc
ccmmcnccr,lccxtcgcrsccssaccc
uncmascncrtcdcrsstanccalataductcn.
curuncpa, ccttcprscmpticnntia|cn` cst
qu` un Iatasmcncurripar | ` avcuanal quc
l ` crignancscrapasrcdculparunautrccr
gina| , avuqucc disbanaI,carilrcsscmlc
3 ccluidctcutccllcctccfacc3 amcllcurc
ccpcd` uncurc d` a. Cclu-cicn ccnnat
|cdIautma curquicstdcncpastrc| ` crigi
na| . a unIatasmcdctraducticnparIaitc
prcndlarcIvcdcccanalrvcquscrait| ` c-
gnaIrcdu|. |culmincdans|acrantcquc
|atraducton,parccqucraducticn,ncscrquc
mauvai sctraducticn, cn qucIquc scrtc, par
dnitic
aisIrsistancca|atraucticrcvtunc
IormcmoinsIantasmaiqucuncIois|ctravaiI
dctraducicnccmmcnc. csplagcsd` ntra
dui siiIit scntparscmcs dans Ictcxtc, qui
Icntdc | traducticnun dramc, ctdu scuhait
dcbcnncraducticn pari.A cctgard,aa
ducticndcsuvrcspctgucscstccllcqualc
11
/d 0dc
plusccrclcs csprits, prcismcntal ` gcdu
rcmantismcalIcmand,dccrdcraccthc,dc
chillcr3 ovalis, plustardcnccrc chcz von
umboldtctchlcicrmaccr, ct,usgu` aos
curs, chczcn aminctcsczcig.
La pcsic cIIrait cn cIct l a diIcuI
macurcdc l
`
uicninsparalc u scns cdc
lascncrit, du signictdu signiant ais
latraducticndcsouvrcsphilcscphigucs qui
ncus concccdavantagc aucurd` hui,rvlc
dcsdicultsd` unautrccrdrcct,cnunscns,
aussiintraitabIcs, danslamcsurc ocllc sur
gitauplanmcdudccupagcdcschamps
smantigucs gui s ` avrcnt non cxactcmct
supccsablcsd` unclangucal ` autrc.EtIadiI-
cultcstascnccmblcavcclcsmatrcs-mots,
lcs Crund+rtcr, quc lc traductcur s ` imposc
parcis atcdctraduircmot mct, lcmmc
mctrcccvant quivalcntcdanslalanguc
d` arrivc. is ccttclgitimcccntraintcascs
limitcs,dansIacsurccccsamcuxmatrcs-
mcts, lcrxtc//uny, HuJcbuny, Daxcin, Irci-
ynix, sontcu-mcs dcs ccndcnssdc tcx-
tuaIit Icngc c dcs contctcs cnticrs sc
Oe[| ct bonhcur Jc /a tra
d
uct|on
rctcnt,pcur nc ricndirc dcsphncmncs
d` intcrtctualit dissimul s dans la Irapc
mc duc nccxuaguvauparc s
rcprsc, tanscrmaticn,rtaticnd` cmplcis
antricurspardcsautcursrclcvantdclammc
traditicndcpcnsccudctraditicnsadvcrscs.
cnsculccnlcschampssmanigucsnc
scsupcrpcscntpas,maislcssntacsnc scnt
pasquialcntcs, lcs tcurcs dcprascsnc
vhicuIcntpaslcsmmcshritagcscuIturcls ,
ctuc dicdcs ccnnctaticnsadcmimucttcs
gui surchargcntIcs dnctaticnslcsmicuccr-
ncsduvccaulaircd` crigincctguicttcntcn
guclgucscrtccntrc lcs signcs, lcsphrascs, lcs
squcnccsccucscuIcngucs ` cstaccccm-
plccd` htrcgnitquclctctctrangcrdcit
sarsistanccaIatraducticnct,cnccscns,scn
intraduisibilit spcradiguc.
Ccnccantlcstctcsphilcscphiqucs,arms
dunc smanigucrigcurcusc, lcparadcxc dc
latraducicncst mis a nu insi, Ic lcgicicn
uinc, dans lalignc dc laphilcscphicanal-
tigucdclangucangIaisc,dcclaccd` unc
impssibilit a l ` idcd` uncccrrcspcndancc
1
ul 0 adc|on
1+
sansaduaticncntrcdcuxtcxtcs Lcdilcc
cstlcsuivant . lcsdcuxtcxtcsdcdpactd` ar-
vcdcraicnt,danscbcnnctraducticn,trc
css arun trcisimctcxtc incxstant. Lc
rcbImc, c` cstcncIIctdcdircIammcchcsc
oudcrtcndrc dirc lammcchcscdcdcx
acnsdicntcs . ais ccmmc, cct idcn-
tigucn` cstdcnnnuIIcpalafacnd`ticrs
tcxtcdcntIc statutscraitcclui dutrcisimc
hccdanslcIamcnidc dclatcn,ticrscnuc
I ` idcdcl ` hccctlcschantillcnhumains
suppcssparticipcra I ` idcvraic ctrcIIc. A
dIaut dc cc tcxtcticrs, crsidcrait lc scns
mmc, I ` idcntiquc smantiguc, i In`yapcur
sculrcccsgucIalccturccritiucdcuclucs
spcialistcssincncIyglcttcsducinsbiIincs,
lccturc critiquc guivaIantauncrctraducticn
pric, paruoi nctrcIcctcurccmptcntrcfait
pcursonccmtclctravaildctraducticn,assu-
manta scntcurl ` prcuvc dc|atraducticnct
sc hcurtantaummcparadcxcd` uncguia-
lcncc sansaduaticn.
1` cuvrcicicparcnthsc,parlantdcrctra-
ducticnparIc |cctcur,c tcuchcaprcbImc
D]/ ct honhcur Jc 0 tradact/on
plus gnral dclarcIraducticninccssantcdcs
grandcsouvrcs, dcsgrans classiqucsdcla
culcmcndialc,IaBiblc,Shacpcarc,antc,
CcIs,clirc.lautpcut-ucmmcdirc
qucc` csdans larctraductionqu` oncbscrvclc
micuxlapulsicndctraductioncntrctcnucpar
l ` insatsacticn3 l garddcstraducticnsxs-
IanIcs. crccrmccccprcnthsc.
cusavcnssuivil ctraductcrdcpuisl ` an-
gciscqicrcticntdccccnccrct3Iravcrs
la lutIc avcc lc tcxtcIcuIaulcngdc scntra-
vail , ncsl ` abadcnncsdans l ` Iatd` isa
tisIacticcIclaisscl ` cuvragctcin
ntcinccrman, uc ` ai dcncIcrtccI
rclu3ccccccasicn,rscdansuncIculc
hcurcusc lcsdcuxmcdalits dc larsistancc
ccllcdutcxtc a traduirc ctccIIcdc la languc
d` accucldclaIraducticn.ccitc lcpla
pschiqc,dit-iI,lctraductcurcstambivalcnt
lvcutcrccrdcsdcuxcIs, orccrsalanguc
3 sc lcsIcrd` trangct, Icrccrl ` autrc languca
sc d-pccrdans salagucmatccllc
ctrcccmparaiscnavcc lctravail dc scu-
vcnir, cqu par rcud, aIrcvaisi sc
Sut /u ttaduction
J
guivalctapprcpridanslctravaiIdctraduc-
ticn, travailccnquissurlcdcublc Irctd` unc
dcublcrsistancc. Ehbicn, c` cstarriv a cc
pcintdc ramatisaticnguc lctravaildc dcuil
trcuvc sn quivalcnt cntraductclcgic, cty
appcrtc sonamrc mais prcicuscccmpcnsa-
ticn. c I c rsumcra d` un mct rcncnccr3
l ` idal dc latraducticnparIaitc. crcncncc-
mcntsculpcrmctdcvivrc, ccmmcuncd
cicncc acccptc, l ` impcssibilit ncncctcut
a l` hcurc, dcscrvirdcuxmatrcs l ` autcurct
lclcctcur. Ccdcuilpcrmctaussid` assucrlcs
dcutchcsrputcsdisccrdantcsd` amcncr
l ` autcuraulcctcur,ctd` amcncrlclcctcur3
l ` autcur. rcI, lc ccuragcd` assucrl arc-
blmatiguc bicnccucdc ladlitctdcla
trahiscn . vuscupcn. aisdc qucllctra-
ducticnparIaitccst-ilgucsticndansccrcncn-
ccmcnt, dans cc travail dc dcuil 7 Laccuc-
Labahcctcan-Lucancycncntdcunc
vcrsionvaIablcpcurlcsrcmantiqucsallcads
scus lctitrcdcL 'abxc/u /i//crairc.
CctabscIurgitunc cntrcpriscd` apprcxi-
maticn,guiarcudcsnomsdircnts, rg-
D]i ct bonhcut dc /a ttuJuction
nraticndclalangucd` arrivccczcctc,
Vpotcntialisaticn dcIaIangucdcdpapar
ovaIis, convcrgcnccdu dcublc prccssusdc
/lduny al ` ouvrcdcpartctd` autrccczvcn
mbclt.
rccrvcn`apastctircmcntucmpc,
danslamcsccilacnccuragl ` ambiticndc
portcrau curla Iacccaccdc lalanguc dc
dpdcl` oucauaduircct,rciprcqucmcnt,
l ` ambitiondcdprcvincialiscrIalangucmatcr-
ncllc, initc aspcnscrccmmcunc langc
parmi d` autrcs ct, a lalimitc, a scpcrccvcir
cllcmmc ccmmctrangrc.aisccvoudc
tradctionparIaitcarcvtud` aucsIocs.1c
n` cn citcraiquc dcux d` abcrd lavisccos-
mcpcIitiucdanslcsillagcdcI'Zu]/runy, lc
rc dcccnstitucrIabiblicthquctctalcqui
scrait,prcumulaticn,/c Livrc, lcrscaui-
imctrami dcs traductics dc tcutcs Ics
ouvrcsanstcutcslcslangucs, sccristallisant
dasuncscrtcdcbiblictqucunicrscllcd` c
lcsinuaductibilitsaaicnttcutcstcaccs
Sclcnccrvcquiscraitaussicclid` uncratio-
nalit totalcmcnt dgagc dcs ccntraintcs
1!
Sur/a tm
d
action
1b
culturcIcsct dcslimitaticnsccmunautaircs,
0C ICVC G OUI I3duCIOH VO0O3I S30ICI CS-
acc dc ccmmunicaticnintcrlinguistiqucct
ccmlcrl` abscnccdclgucvcrscllcL` auuc
viscdc traducticnpaIaitcs` cstucuvcincar-
nc dans l ` attcntcmcssianiqucranimc au
planduangagcparaltcrcamindansLa
/ccIc du traductcu, cctcxtcmagniguc. Cc
qui scrait alcrsvis, scrait lc pur langagc,
ccmmclcditcn amin, guc tcutctraducticn
pcrtc cncllc-mmcccmmc scn chc mcssia-
niquc.custcutcsccsgcs,lcrvcdclatra-
ducticnparIaitcquivautauscuhaitd` ungain
pcurlatraducticn,d` un gainqui scraitsans
pcrtc. C` cstprcismcnIdcccgainsanspcrtc
qu` ilIaut Iairc lcdcuil usqu` a l ` acccptaticn
dc ladiIIrcnccindpassablcduprcprcctdc
l ` trangcr L` univcrsalitrcccuvrcvcudrait
supprimcrlammcircdcl` uangcrctpcut-trc
l ` acurdc la langucprcrc, danslahainc du
prcincialiscdclangucmatccllc. arcillc
unicrsalitcIIaant saprcprchistcircIcrait
dctcusdcsuangcrsasci-mmc,dcsapauidcs
dulangagc, dcs cxils quiauraicntrcncnca
D[i ct bonhcut Jc /a traJuct/on
laqutcdcl` asilcd`unclangucd` accucil.rc,
dcsncadscans.
Etc` cstcdcuiIdc atraducticnabsclucqui
Iaitlc bcncurdctraduirc. Lcbcnhcurdctra
duirccstungainlcrsguc,attach alapccdc
l ` absclulgagicr,ilaccctc| ` cacnucl ` ad-
quaticnct ` quivalcncc, l ` quivalcnc sans
adguaticnLacstscnbccur.Enavcuantct
cn assumat l ` irrductibi lit dc lapairc du
prcprcctdl ` trangcr, lctraductcurtrcuvcsa
rccmpcnsc dans arcccnnaissanccdu statut
indpassablcdcdialcgicitdcl ` actcdcuaduirc
ccmmcl ` hrizcnraiscnnabIcdu dsirdc tra-
duirc. Edpitdcl ` agcnistiqucqui dramatisc
latchcduraductcur,cclui-cipcuttrcuvcrscn
bcnhcurdasccquc ` aimcraisappclcr/ 'Icx-
ita/itc /angay/crc.
cnrgic cst dcncbicnccluid` unc ccr
rcspcndanccsans adguaticn. ragilcccndi-
ticn,quin` admctpcurvricaticnquccctra
vail dc rctaducticn quc ` vcquis tcut a
l` curc, ccmc unc scrtc d` cxcrciccdc dcu
blagcparblinguismcminimumdutravaildu
traductcur . rctraduirc aprs lctraductcur. 1c
1'
l l0 /raJuc/ion
sui sparti dcccsdcumodIcspIusoumcins
apparcnts a Ia psychanaIysc du travaiI dc
mmoircctdutraaildcdcuiImaisc` cstpcur
dircguc, dcmmcgucdansI ` actcdcracontcr,
cnpcuttraduircautrcmcnt,sanscspoirdcccm-
blcrI ` cart cntrc quiaIcncc ctadquation
tctalc. ospitalitlangagircdcncclcplai-
sird` habitcrlalangucdcI ` autrccstcompcns
parIcpIaisirdcrcccvcirchczscidanssaprprc
dcmcurcd` accucil, Iaparolcdc l ` trangcr.
LC uiudImC dC 8 lI8CuOlIOB
cuxvicsd` accss ` cIIrcntauprcblmc
pcsparl` actcdcuaduirc .scitprcnclctcc
uaducticnauscnssctdcusfcd`mcs
sagcvcrbald`unclanguc dansuncautrc, scitlc
prcncauscnslagc,ccmmcscncdcl` in
tcrtaticdctcutcnscmblcsigniantal ` in-
tricurdclammcccmmunautlinguistiquc
cs dcuapprcchcscntlcurdrcit . laprc
mirc, chcisic par ntcinc crman dans
L'cprcuvc !c / 'c/runycr, ticntccmptcdufait
massiIdc laplurali ct dc la divcrsit dcs
langucs ,lacccndc,suivicparccrgctcincr
dansHrcx ubc/
I
, s ` adrcsscdircctcmcntau
I. . bICIBCf, HrS D00Cl, 3S, /UIB PI0hC!, I998.
Sur l0 traduct|on
ncnc cngl cant guc l ` autcrrsmc
ai . V cmprcnc, c` csttraduircD 1`aichcisi
dcartirdclaprcmirc,quiIaitpasscrauprc-
icrplanlcrappcduprcprc3 l ` trangcr,ct
ainidcccnuircalascccndcsculaccndui
dcsdiIcultsctdcsaradcxcssuscitsparla
raducticnd` unclangucdansuncautrc
artcns dcnc dc lapluralit ctdcladivcr-
sitdcslancs,ctnctcnsU prcmicrIait . c` cst
parccquc lcshccsparlcntdcslangucsdiI-
Ircntcsquc la traducticncxistc Cc Iaitcst
ccluidcladivcsite dcs /aacs, pcurrcprcnc
lc titrc dcilhclmvcnumbcldt r, cc Iait
ctcnmmctcmpsuncnigc pcurqucipas
unc sculc languc, ctsurtcutpcurqucitantdc
l angucs, cinqcu six millc discntlcscthnc
lcgucs cut critrc darinicn d` utilit ct
d` adaptaticndanslalucpcurlasriccstmis
cndrcutc , ccttcmultiplicit indncmbrablc
ct ncn sulcmcntinutilc, mais nuiiblc n
cIct, si l ` changcintraccmunatairccst
aurparlapuissanccd` intgraticndcchaquc
langucpriscparmcnt, l ` changc avcc l c
dchcrsdcl accmmunautlangagirccstrcndu
Lc ]0/0dlmc dc l0 tmduct/on
a la limitc impraticablc par cc quc Stcincr
ncc uncprcdgalitcnfastc . aisccqui
aitnic,ccn` cstpas sculcmcntlcbuIlagc
dc laccmuncaticn,quc lcmhc dcBabc|,
dcntncuallcnsparlcrpluslcin,nccdis-
pcrsicn auplgcgraphiqucct ccnsicn
auplan c la ccmmunicaticn, c ` cstaussilc
ccntrastcavccd` autrcstraitsquitcuchcntaussi
au langagc. ` abcrd, lcfaitccnsdrabl cdc
l ` univcrsaltdulangagc cuslcshcmmcs
parlcnt , c` cstlaU crtrcd` humanitact
dcl ` cutil,dcl ` instituticn,dclascpulturc ,par
langagc, cntcndcns l ` usagcdc signcsquinc
scnt pas dcs chcscs, mais valcnt pcur dcs
chcscs- l `cchangcdcssigncs dans l ` intcrlc-
cuticn-,lcrlcma cd`unclgucccc
auplan dc l ` idcnticaticnccmmunautairc ,
vcilauncccmptcnccunivcrscllcdmcnticpar
scspcrfcrmanccslccalcs, unc capacitc uni-
vcrscllcdmcnticparscncffcctuaticnclatc,
dissinc, dispcrsc ` clcs spculaticns
auplanumythcd` abcrd, puis a cclui dc la
philcscpicdulangagcquandcllcs` intcrrcgc
surl ` crigncdcladispcrsicn-ccnsicn.A cct
Z
Surla radc|ou
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brcllc dans safacturc lttcarc, aitdava-
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dc gdccurscccnduircdanscclabyrinthc.
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ccmcnc catastrcphc langag rc irrm-
dablc 1c suggcrcraidansunnstanunclcc-
tuc usbicnvcillantc a l ` cgarddclaccndi-
ticncdnaircdcshumans.
ais auparavant,cvcuxdirc qu` lyaun
scccndfaitquincdcitpasmasqucrlcrmic,
ccluic la divcrsitc dcs angucs lc faittcut
aussiccnsidcrablcucl ` cnatcu curstraduit ,
avantlcs intcrprtcsprcfcssicnncls,lycutlcs
vcyagcurs, lcsmarchands, lcsambassadcus,
lcscspicns, ccqui faibcauccupdcbilingucs
ctdcpclyglcttcs ntcuchclaauntrataussi
rcmarquablcqucl ` nccmmunicablitc dcplc-
rcc, a savcirl c faitmmc dc l atraducticn,
lcquc|pcsuppcscchctcutlccutcurl` aptidc
aapprcndrcctapratiqucrd` autrcslangucsquc
lasicc , ccccapacitparatsclidaircd` auucs
uaits plusdissimulsccnccantlapatucdu
L80r0dgmc dc l0 lr0duClOn
langagc, taitsqui ncus ccnduircntcnndc
parccursauvcisinagcdcsprcccdcsdctraduc
tcnntalngustuc, 3 savcr, cu lc drc
parantcaticn, la caactcxvcdu lan
gagc, ccttpcssibilittcucurs dspcniblcdc
parlcrsurlc langagc, dc lc mcttrcadstancc,
ctansdtatcrnctcpcc|anguc ccmmc
unc langucparmi lcs autrcs. 1crcscrcccttc
analyscdc larcxvitdulangagcpcurplus
tardct ccccnccntrcsurlcsimplcIaitdcla
traductcn. Lcs hcmmcs parlcntdcslangucs
diIIcrcntcs, mai s ils pcuvcnt cn apprcndrc
d` autrcsquclculangucmatccllc.
csplcIaita susctunc immcnsc sp
cuaticnqis` cstlaissccnIccrdscaltcr
nativcruincuscdcntil impcrtc dcscdgagcr.
cttc altcativcpara|ysantc cst lasuvantc
cubicnladivcrsit dcs langucscxprmcunc
trcgcitcradicalc- ctalcrslatraducticn
cstthcrqucmcntmpssblc , lcslangucsscnt
a ricri intraduisiblcsl ` unc dans l ` autrc. u
bicn latraducticnpriscccmmcun Iaits ` x
plucpauncndsccmmquircndpcssiblc
lcIatdcatraductcn ,masalcrscndcitpcu
Zo
l O tadctcn
Z
viscitrc/rouvcr ccfcnds ccmmn, ctc` cst
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uui+c|sc/lc, crignairc0u uHVcISCl lC, CC IC
laucabsclucdcitpcuvcirtrcmcntrc,dans
scs ablcs phcnclcgiqucs, Icxicalcs, syn-
|3\IQuCS , ID00IIQuCS . JC I0Q0C 3|CD3|lVC
thriquc . cubicnladivcrsitdcsIangucscst
racalc, ctalcrs latraductcncstimpcssiblc
cndrcit , cubicnIatraducticncstunfait,ctil
fat cntablirlapcssibilitdcdrcitparunc
cnqtcsurI ` criginccuparuncrcccnsctcn
dcsccnditcnsa riori dufaitccnstat.
1csuggrcqu` ilfautscrtrdccccaltca-
tivcthcrquc .traduisbIcvcrsux inuaduisblc,
ctIuisubsttucruncautrcaltcativc, pratiquc
cclIc-l, i ssucdc l ` cxcrciccmmc dc Iatra-
ducticn, l ` altcativc dlitvcrxux trahiscn,
quttcavcucrquclapratiqucdclatraducticn
rcstcunc 0g0I3||0H I|SQu0C |0u[0u|S CH QuC|C
dcsathcric. cusvcrrcnslan quc lcsdif
cltsdcIatraducticninuaangagircccnr-
mcnt cct cmbarrassant avcu , [c partcipas
rcccntunccllcqucintcatcnalsurl ` in-
Lc ]0r0dgmc dc l0 traJuctton
tcrtaticnct ` yaicntcndul ` cxpcsduhi
lcscphcanaliquccnaIdavidscn,intil .
hcrquccntdiclc,dm (har ctpati-
qucmcnacilc, ais(casy).
` csaussi mathscs ` agi ssantdc la tra
ducticnsurscsdcuxvcrsants cxtra- ctintra
langagicrs thcrqucmcnIinccmpccnsblc,
maiscfcctivcmcntpraticablc,auprixfcquc
ncusallnsdirc . l ` altcativcpratiqucdlit
vcrxux tahiscn.
vantdc m` cngagcrdans lavcicdc ccttc
dialcctiqucpratiquc, dlit vcrsus trahiscn,
cvcudaistrssuccinctccntcxpcscrlcsrai-
scnsdc` impasscspculativccl ` inaduisiblc
ctlctrauisiblcs` cntrcchcqucnt.
a tscdc l ` intraduisiblccst laccnclu-
sicncbigcd` unc ccrtainccthnclnguistiquc
- . cchcrf, Sapir- qui s` cstattachc
a sculigncrlc caractrc ncn supccsablcdcs
drcts dccupagcssurlcsquclsrcpcscntlcs
ultipls systmcs lingustiqucs . dccupagc
phcntquc ctarticulatcirc a labasdcssys-
tmcshcncl cgqucsvcycl l cs, ccnscnncs,
ctc, dccupag ccncptucl ccandant ls
/u UC
Zo
systmcs l cicaux dicticnnaircs, cncyclcp-
dics,ctc,dccupagcsyntaxiqucalabascdcs
diVcrscs gramaircs. LccxcpIcabondcn:
sicus ditcsbcis cnIranais, vcusrcgrcu-
pc lc matriauligncuxctl ` idcd` uncpctitc
fcrt maians uncautrc Ianguc, ccs dcux
sinilicaticns vcnt c trcuvcr di cintc ct
rcrcupcsdans dcux systmcssmantiqucs
dilIrcnts auplan grammatical,ilcstaisdc
vcir quc Icssysmcs dctcmpvcrbaux pr-
scnt, pass, Iutur diIIrcnt d` unc Ianguc a
l ` auuc vcusavcdcslangucsccnncmquc
pa lapcsiticndanslctcmps,mailc caractrc
acccmpIi cu inacccmplidc l ` acticn ctvcus
avcdcslcssanstcmpsvcrbaclapcsi-
ticn dans Ictcmpsn` cstmarucqucpardcs
advcrbcquivalanta hic, dcmain,ctc
Si vcusa cutczl ` idcuc chauc dccupagc
Iinguitiucimpcscuncvisicndumcnc,idc
amcnscnsinscutcnablc,cndisantparcxcmplc
quclcsrccscntccnstitdcscntclcgicsparcc
u` ilscntunvcrbc trc uiIcncticnncala
fcicccccpulcctcccascicnd` cxis-
tcncc, alcrs c ` cst l ` cnscmbl c dcs rappcrts
cpataJ/gmc Jc /a traJuct/on
humains cs lccutcurs d` unclanguc dcnnc
gui s` avrncnsupccsabca ccui dcccux
parcsqucsc ccutcurd` uncutrcangucsc
ccmprcndlu-mmccnccmprcnantscnrap-
pcrt au mondc fautalcrsccnclurc quc la
mccmprhcnicncstdcdrcit, quc atraduc
ticn cst tcriqucmcntimpcssiblcct quc lcs
ndividusilingucs ncpcucnttrcqucdcs
schicphncs.
ncstalcrsrc ctsurl ` autrcrivc .puisquc
latraductincxistc,ilfautbicnqu` cllcscitpcs-
siblc. Etsi cllc cstpcssiblc, c` cstguc, scusla
divcrsitcslangucs, icxistc dcs structurcs
cachcsqi, so/t pccntlatraccd` unclangc
criginairc pcduc qu` il faut rctrcuvcr, so/t
ccnsistcntcnccdcsa riori, cnstructurcsuni-
vcrscllcsu,ccccn dit, transccndantlcs,
gu` cndcipcuvcirrcccnstrurc. Laprcmirc
vcrsicn- ccc dc lalanguccriginairc- at
prcfcsscpardivcrscsgncscs,parlaabbalc,
parlcshcrmtismcs dctcusgcnrcs, usqu` a
prcduircqucucs fruitsvnncuxccmmclc
plaidcycrcuruncprtcnduclangucarcnnc,
dclacistcriucmcntccnc,qu` cncppcsc
ZV
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o
a ` rcu, rput strilc , landcr, dans scn
l irc Ics /aagucs 1u 1a|a1is au scus-titrc
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vidcnticl, dncncc dans ccqu` ilappcllcunc
abcsavantc ccpcrdcantismitismclin-
istiqucais,pctrcquitablc,illautdirc
qc lancstalgicdclalanguccriginaircaprc-
ditaussilapuissantcmditaticnd` unaltcr
cn aminccrivant Latchc dutraductcur
clalangucparfaitc , lalangucpurc - cc
sont lcs cxprcssions dc l ` autcur -, figurc
commcl` hczcnmcssianiqucdcl ` actcdctra-
dirc,cnassurantsccrtcmcntlaccnvcrgcncc
dcsidiomcslcrsqucccuxcisontpcsauscm-
mct dc l acativitpctiquc alcurcusc-
mcnt, l apratiquc dc l atraducticnncrccit
aucunscccursdcccttcncstalgicrctcucc cn
attcntccscatclcgiquc , ctifaudrapcuttrc
tcuta l` hcurclairc lcdcuilduvudcpcrfcc-
ticn, pcur assumcr sans rit ct cntoutc
scrictlatchcdutraductcur.
luscoriacccstl ` autrc vcrsicndcl aqutc
dunitc, ncnpluscndirccticnd` uncoriginc
dans c tcmps, mais dans ccllc dc ccdcs a
Lc ]0r0dlgmc dc l0 lr0dCl|On
ricr/ ; bcrtc Ecc accnsacr d` utlcscha-
ptrcs a cs tcntatvcs dans scn vrc La
rcchcrchc Jc la lanyuc aqaitc danx /a cu/turc
curccunc. I s ` agit, ccmmcIcsculigc lc
phlcscpcaccn,d` lmincrIcsimpcrfccticns
dcslangucsnaturcllcs,|csqucllcsscntscurccs
dc ccqu` appclIccsidcIcsdclalaguc.
Lcibnzdcnncraccrps accttc cxgcnccavcc
scnidcccaractristqucunvcrscllc,qui nc
vscpascnsgu` ccmpcscrunlcxigucuni-
vcrscl dcs i dcs si mpl cs, ccmplt par un
rccuciIdctctcslcsrglcsdcccmpcsticncntrc
ccsvritbIcsatcmcsdcpcnsc.
Ehbcn il fautcn arrivcr a la qucstcndc
ccnancc- ctccscralctcantdcnctrcmd-
taticn lfautsc dcmandcrpcurquciccttctcn-
tativcccucctdcitchcucr.
l acrtcsdcsrsultatspariclsductdcs
gramaircs dtcs gnraticnncllcsdc l ` cclc
dcChcs,maisunchcctctalductlcx-
calctphnclcgquc. Etpcurquc 7arccquc
cc nc sctpaslcsmpcrfcctcns dcs langucs
naturcllcs,maislcurfcnctccmcntmmcqui
cstaatmc. cursimplcrl ` cxtrmcunc
1
Sur/arraJucr/on
Z
discuscnd` uncgrandctcchnicit,pcntcns
dcuucis . d` unct,iln` yapasacccrdsur
ccgu aractcriscraitunclangucparaitc au
nivcadulcxgucdcsidcsprmitivcscntrant
cn ccpcsitcn cctacccrdprsuppcscunc
hcmclcgicccmpltccntrclc sgnc ctlachcsc,
sansaritrarcauc,dcncluslargcmcntcc
lc langagcct lc mcndc, cc qu ccnstituc sct
unctautclcgic,undccupagcprvlgtant
dcrtgurc dumcndc, sctunc prtcnticn
nvriablc, cn l ` abscncc d` un invcntairc
cxhaustIdctcutcslcslangucsparlcs. Scccnd
cucl,plusrcdcutablccnccrculncpcutdirc
ccmmcntcnpcurraitdrivcrlcs langucsnatu-
rcllcs, ac tcutcslcsbizarrcrcsgu`cndra
plus l cin, dc la prsumc languc parIaitc
|`ccar/ cntrclangucivcrscllcctlanguccmpi-
riquc, cntrcl ` a r/or/quc ctl ` hstcriguc,parat
bcnnachssablc.C`csticquclcsrcxicns
par lcsqucllcs ncus tcrmincrcns sur lc travail
dctraducticnal ` ntricurd`uncmmclanguc
naturcllcscrcntbicnutlcspcurpcrtcraucur
lcsinicsccmplcxtsdcccslangucs,quifcnt
gu`lfautchagucfcsapprcndrc lcfcncticn-
Lc ]0/0dlmc dc l0 l/0duCl/On
ncmcnt d` unc languc, y ccris la sicnnc
prcprc.clcstlcilanscmaircdclaatailc
qu cppcsc |c rclativsmcdctcrrain, lcquc|
dcvratccnclurca 1MQOSSI0lI |0 dclatraduc-
ticn,ctlcoalismcdccabinct,lcquclchcuc
alcndcrlclaitdc latraducticnsurunc struc-
turc unvcscllcd0MOu|I0C. u, 1 autcn
lairc | avc d` unc languca l ` autrc, lastua
ticn csticnccllc dc la discrsicnctdc l a
ccnsicn.tour/ant a traducticns ` inscrit
dans lalcnguclitancdcs algrtcut . n
ditcsatrcidcs,ncusmilitcnscurlaa-
tcitunicrsclc.Endpitdcl ` htrcgnit
dcs idiccs, il j a dcs bi l ingucs, dcspcly-
gcttcs, dc intcrtcsctdcstraductcurs.
0I, CHPHl Hl-
` ai anncnctcutl` hcurcunchangcmcnt
d` cricntaticn . quttant l ` altcativc scula
tivc- trauisibilit ccntrc intraduisibilit-
cntrcns, disais-c, dans l ` a|tcativcpratiquc
- dlt ccntrctrahiscn.

ur/a /raJc/ion
+
curncusmcttrc surlavccdc ccrcnvcr-
scmcnt,cvcudrasrcvcnrsurl ` ntcrtatcn
duthcdcabcI,quccncvcuaispasclcrc
sur ` dcdc catastrcphc linguistqucinigc
auxumainsparundcu alcuxdc lcurrus-
stc. npcutausslrcccmc,ansid` allcs
uctcusIcsautrcsmthcsdcccmmcnccmcnt
quprcnncntcnccmptcdcsstuatcnsrrvcr-
siblcs, ccmmc lc ccnstat sans ccndamnaticn
d` unc sparatcn crignairc. n pcut ccm-
mcnccr,audbutclacnsc, avcclaspa-
ratcndcslmcntsccsmqucsqupcctaU
crcd` mcrgcrduchacs,ccntucrparlapcc
dc l ` nncccnccctl ` cxpul scnduardn, qui
marqucaussl ` accsl ` gcadultc ctrcspcn
sablc, ctpasscrcnsutc- ctcclancusntrcssc
tcrriblcmcntpcuruncrclccturcdumthcdc
Babclprlcatcdc,lcmcurtrcd` Abcl,qu
fatdclaatctcllcmmcU prcctthquc
ctncnplusuncsimplcdcnnc dclanaturc. Si
l ` cnadcptcccttc lgncdcl ccturc, uccpar-
tagc acc` cxgtcaulBcauchamp, lads-
pcrsicnctlaccnsicndcsIangucs,anncnccs
parlcmthcdcBabcl,vicnncntccccrccc
Ic ]0r0dlgmc dc l0 lr0duClOn
histcirc dclasparaticncnl ` appcantaucou
dcl ` cxcrciccdulangagc.Ainsiscmcs-ncus,
ainsi cistcns-ncus, dispcrss ct ccnfus, ct
appcIs 3 qucihicn0 . 0 3 Iatraducticn I
j aunaprsabcl , dni par la tchcdu
traductcurD pcurrcprcndrc l ctitrc unc prc-
mircfcisvcqudufamcucssaidcalcr
cn amin.
curdcnncrplusdcfcrccccttcIccturc,c
rappcllcraiavccmcrtc EccqucIcrcitdc
cnsc !1,1-V ctprcdparIcsdcuxvcrscts
numrctscnsc,1.Z, clapIalitdcs
langucsscblcpriscpcurunc dcnnc sim-
plmcntfactucllc. 1clisccsvcrsctsdansIa
rugucusctraducticndc Chcurai.
OICI O8 H8 dC 5bOm OUi Cut O8H, pcrOui
8HUO, dau8 Oul IOilO, QOUt OUt QOu!O.
OIl3 O8 C8u8 dO8 H8 cc,lcgO8IO,
d8H8 Cui QOuQO dO COuX-d 8O 8OIndOHI !O8
QCulC8 8ui IOitC 8Qi08 O ClUgO.
Ccs vcrscts scntanslctcndcsdncmbrc-
mcns cscxprimc la simpIccuricsit d` un
3
r/u ttaJuct/on

tcgrdcnvcillant.Lauaducticncstbicnalcrs
ctcc,ncnauscnsd` ccbligaticnccna-
gnantc,mas au scnsdc la choxc a /airc pcur
gucl acticnhaincpuisscsimplcmcntccnti-
nucr, ur parlcr ccmmc annah Arcndt
l ` amicdccnamin,dansCondi/ion humainc.
uitalcrslcrcittitlycdcabcl .
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Q8tOO.
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C8HyOH CH !OltC dC 5bIHC8t, I8 8y C!8OI88OHl.
8 dI8CHI, CH8CuH 8 8OH 8OmO8OC 8OH8, OtI-
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OImmC, mOHIOt.
8 dI8CI 8OH8, O8!I88OH8-HOu8 uHC VIC CI
uHO !Out. 58 !0!C 8uX CIOuX. 8I8O8-nOu8 uH
HOm, QuC HOu8 HO 8OyIOH8 dI8Ot8C8 8ut 8 8CO
dO !Ou!O 8 lOttO.
H-PdOH8 dO8COHd QOut VOIt 0 VIO O! 8
IOut QuOHl Oa!IO8 O8 8 dO `bOmC.
Hl-PdOH8 dII OuI, 8Ou QOuQO, mO 8CuO
0VtC Out lOu8 VOId CC Qu`I8 COmmOHCOH! 8
Ic araJigmc dc /a traJuction
1tO' NuH!OHuH! tOn H`OmQchOtu IOuI OO
Qu`I!8 0ulOuI dC88CIH dC 0IlC !
^!Ou8` C8CCudOH8` LOHOuuOH8 !d !CuI8
CVlO8, DOmCn`CnCnduQu8 8 CVlO dO 8Ou
lOCh0IH.
N-AdOHu C8 dI8Cl8C dC d 8ul !0 0CC dC
IOUIO 8 IOllO. 8 OO88ODI dO O0IIl 0 VIO.
5ui QuOI II C!0mC 8OD DOm D8VO LOD18IOD
C0l d CuHI0ud 0 0ViC dC IOuIC uIOliO OI dO d
N-AdOHuO8 dI8Ol8O 8ui !u 8OO dO IOUIO
0 IOliO.
OICI 0 C8IC dC 5hCm, 5hCm, 8C dO CCuI 8D8,
ODODO0 P0h8h0d, dCu 0H8 0i08 O dCUO.
5bOm VII, 8l8 `ODODdlOmODI d A8kb8b8d,
CIHQ OOuI8 uu8 CuCHdiC dC8 H!8 CI dC8 HC8.
cus aczcntcndu . il n` yaaucuncrcri-
minaticn,aucuncdplcraticn,aucuncaccusa
ticn . -Adcnalcsdispcrscdclasurla
faccdctctclatcrrc. lsccsscntdcbtir.D ls
ccsscntUC btir acndc dirc c` cstainsi.
icns,tics, c` cstainsi, ccmmcaimaitadirc
cn amin A parirdcccttcralit dc lavic,
traduiscn

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3
curbicnparlcrdc latchcdctraduirc,c
vcuaisvcqucr,avccAntoinc Bcman dans
L'cprcuvc dc / 'c/rangcr, lc dcxir dctraduircB
c sirpcrtc audcldc la ccnraintcctdc
l`tilit. lyacccsuncccntraintc . sicnvcut
ccmmcnccr, vcyagcr, ngccicr,vcirc cspicn
ncr, ilautbicndispcscrdcmcssagcrsquipar
lcntlalanguc dcs autrcsuantl ` utilit,cllc
cstatcntcq Sicnvcutfaircl ` ccncmicdcl`ap
rcntissagcdcs |angucstrangrcs,cncstbicn
ccntcntdctrcuvcrdcstraducticns.prstcut,
c` cstccmmcaqucncusavcnstcuscuaccs
aux ragiqucs, alatcn, a Shacspcarc, cr
vants, trarqucctantc,ccthcctSchillcr,
clstcctcstccvsi.cntraintc,uti|it,scit
ais il y a plus tcnacc, plusprcfcnd, plus
cach lcdsirdcraduirc.
` cstcc dsirquiaanimlcspcnscursallc
mands dcpuis ccthc, lc grandclassiuc, ct
vcn umbc|dt, dncmm, cnpassantpar
lcsrcmantiqucscvalis, lcsfrrcs Sc|cgcl,
Schlcicachcruaductcdclatcn,ilncfaut
pascublicr, usqu` aldcrlin,lcaductcur
tragiuc dc Scphcclc,ctcnnaltcrBcna-
Lc ]0l0dlgmc dc l0 /l0duCllOh
mn, I`rtcrdcldcrIn.Etal` arrrcdccc
bcau cndc, Lutcr,Iraductcr dc Ia Bblc
- utcrctsavccnc dc gcraniscr Ia
Biblc, cnuccaptivcdulatindcsaintcrc.
u` cstccqucccspass

nnsdctraductcn
cntattcndudclcurdsr 7Ccqucl ` und` cntrc
cu a uQQcIcl'/agsscmcat dcl ` hcricndc
lcurprcprc languc- cIcnccrcccquctcuscn
appclfcatcn,i/dung, c` cst-a-drcalafcs
ccngraIcnctducatcn,ctcnprimc,s ` csc
drc,ladccuvcrIcdcIcurprcprcIngucctdc
scsrcsscurccslisscscnachrc. Lcmctqu
suitcsdc IdcrIn Ccqucstprcprcdc
trcaussibcnapprsqucccquicsItrangcr.D
asalcrs,pcurqciccdsrdctrduircdct
l Ircpayduprxd` undilcmmc, lcdlcmmc
}d/itc/tahisoa arcc qu` il n` cxstcpas dc
critrc abscuclabcnnctraductcn pcur
qu` untc critrc scitdispcnb c, l faudrat
qu` cnpuisscccmparcrlctcxtcdcdpactlc
tcxIc` arrvcc auntrcsmctcxtcqu scrat
pcrtcurdu scnsdcntqucsuppcscrcuIcrdu
prcmicrauscccnd.ammcchcscdtcdcpar
ctd` autrc.cmmcqucpcurlclacndu1a-
V
arl0 ld0l/On
+
~caidc, iln` yapasdctrcisimchcccntrc
lidc dcI ` hcmmc ct tc|hcmc singuIicr
crtc, pcurncpaslcncr ,I!n` ya
pasncplusdcticrstcxtccntrcIctcxtcscurcc
clcctcd` arrivc. ` clcparadcxc,avant
lcdilcc cbccuaducticnncpcuviscr
u` nc cqu!valcncc prsumc, nn fcndc
ansuncidcn/i/c dcscnsdmcntrabIc nc
quivalcnccsans idcntit. Ccttcquivalcncc
ncpcutrcqucchcrchc, travail|c, prsu-
c.tIasculcfacndccritiqucrncraduc-
tcn - ccqu`cn pcuI tcu curs fairc -, c ` cst
` cnprcpcscruncauIrcprsumc,prtcnduc,
cillcurccudiffrcntc. tc` cst` al|curs cc
uiscpsscsurlctcrraindcraduccursprc-
lcssicnncI s. En cc ui ccnccrnc Ics grands
tctcs c nctrc culturc, ncu vivcns pcr
l`csscnticIsurdcsrc-traducticnsa lcurtcur
rciscssansnsur|cmticr.C` cstlccasdc
laBibl, c` cst|c cas d` cmrc, dc Shacs-
pcarc, dctcus lcs crivains ci tspl ushaut
ct, pcur Ics philcscphcs, dc lacn usqu`a
ictzsccctcidcggcr.
Ainsibards dcrc-traducticns, scmmcs-
Lc ]0/0dlmc dc l0 l/0dCllO,
ncus micx arms pcurrscudrc lcdilcmmc
dliItrahiscn 7llcmcnt. Lc risquc dcnt
SC Q3IC O G0SII GC l|3Gu|IC, Cl QuI 3Il GC 3 ICH-
ccncdcl` angcrssalgucuncpruc,
cstinscntablc.rcsccig,qucncc
ccllgucans-ChristcphAsaniaprispcur
t0cI duprcblcdclatraducticnc` cst
ainsquccmcpccts dcIraduirc|cIIrcdc
scngrandlivrcdc bingcn, adc0 a ccttc
prcuvclafccd` unparadcxctraduirc,dit-
il,c` csIscircuxmatrcs,l ` angcrdansscn
Irangct, |c l cctcurdans scn dsrd' aprc-
priaticn.Avantlui, Schlcicrmachcrdccmpc-
saitlcparadcxccndcuxpascs Amcncrlc
l cctcural ` autcur, amcncrl ` autcur aulcc-
Icur.1cmrisquc, pcurmaparI,aappliqucr
a cctIcsituaticn lc vccabulairc frcudicncta
par|cr, utrc dc traail dc traducticn, auscns
crcudparlcdctravaildcrcmmcraticn,dc
Iravaildc dcuil .
ravai|dcIraducticn,ccnquissurdcsrsis-
IanccsinImcs mcIicspar lapcur, vcirc la
incdcl ` trangcr,pcruccmmcuncmcnacc
dirigcccntrcnctrcprcprcidcntiIlangagirc.
41
rlalrduCllOH
4Z
ais travail dc dcilaussi, appliquarcncn-
ccra I ` ida|mmcdc/raduc/icn ar/ai/c. Cct
icaI,cncffct,n` aasscuIcmcntncIcdcsir
dctraduircctparfcislcbcnhcurdctraduirc,il
aaitaussilcma|hcurd` undcrlin,brispar
scnambiticndcfcndrcIapcscallcmandcct
Iapcsicgrccgucdnsunchpcr-pcsiccIa
drcnccdcs idiccsscraitabclic.Etquisait
siccn` cstpas | ` idaldclatraducticnparfaitc
gui , cndcicrrcsscrt,cntrcticntlancstaIg
dclaIanguc criginairc cu lavclcntdcma-
triscsurlc l angagcpar Ic biais dc lalanguc
unicrscIlc bandcnncrIcrvcdclatraduc-
tinparfaitcrcstcl ` avcudcladiffrcnccind-
passablccntrc lc prcprc ct l ` trangcr. cstc
l ` prcucdcI ` trangcr.
C` csticiguccrcvicnsamcntic lcpara-
digmcdclatraductcn.
Imcscmblc, cncffct,quclatraducticnnc
pcscpasscuIcmcnt availintcIlcctcl,thc-
riquc cupratiquc,as prcblmcthiquc
AcncrIclcctcural ` autcur, amcncrl ` autcur
aucctcuraurisgucdcscrvirctdctrahirdcux
atrcs,c` cstpratigucrccquc ` aimcappclcr
Lc ]0I0dlgmc dc l0 ld0l
l ` hositlite /anyagicrc. C` cst c| l c qi fait
mcdlcpcurd` autrcsfcrmcs` csptaltquc
cluivcsapparcntcc lcsccncssicns,lcsrcl-
gcns, nc scntcl l cspas ccmmcdcslangucs
grcslcscsaaucs,avcclc|cxiquc,
l curgrammairc, Icur rhtcriuc, l curstylis-
tguc, gu` lautarcndrc andclcspnc-
trcr Etl ` cspitalitcucharistiqucn` cst-cllc
pasa assumcravcc lcsmmcsrisucsdctra-
ducticntrahiscn, mais aussi avcc lc mmc
rcncnccmcntalatraducticnparfaitc 7 1crcstc
surccsanalcgicsrisucsctsurccs pcins
d` intcrrgaticn. . .
aiscncvcudraispastcincrsansavcir
dit l csra scnspcur|csquc|lcsil ncfautpas
ng|igrl ` autrcmcitiduprcblmcdclatra
ducticn,asavcir,si vcusvcuscnscuvcncz,la
traductin /in/cricur dc|ammcccmmu-
naut|gagrc1cvcudraismcncr,aumcins
trs succinctcmcnt, guc c ` cstdans cc travail
surscdclammclangucguc scrvlcntlcs
raiscnsprcIcndcspcurIcsgucIlcsI ` cartcntrc
unc prsumclangucparIaitc, univcrscllcct
lcslangcsgu` cnditnaturc|lcs,auscnsdcncn
+
uO /0du0/
4+
articiccs, cstinsurmcntablc Ccmmccl ` ai
suggr,cnc scnt pas csipcrIccticns dcs
lancnaturcIIcsqu` cnvcudraitabclir,mais
lcfcicnncmcntmmcdc ccs langucsdans
lcurscantcsbizarrcrics. Etc` cstlctravail
dclatrdcticnintccquiprciscntrvlc
cctca. crccinsiciadccaratcnquiccm-
actct lclvrc dc ccrgc StcincrHrcx
Babc/. rs abcl, ccmprcndrc, c` csttra-
duircD. ls` agiticibicnplusqucd` uncsimplc
intcrisaticndurappcrtal ` trangcr,cnvcu
dcl` adagcdclatcnquc lapcnsccstundia-
lcguc dcl ` cavccclc-mmc intricrisa-
ticnquifcritdclaaducticnintccunsimplc
appcndiccdc la traducticncxtcrnc. l s ` agit
d` unc cxplcraticncriginalcquimctanu lcs
prccds quctidicns d` unc l angucvivantc
ccuxci fcnt qu` aucunclangucunivcrscllcnc
pcutrussiracnrcccnstircl ` indnicdivcr
sit. l s` agitbicndc s` apprcchcrdcs arcancs
dclalangucvivc ct,dumcccup, dcrcndrc
ccptcG phncncdu malcntcndu, dcl a
mccmphcnsicnqui, sclcnSchlcicaccr,
suscitclitcrprtaticn,dcntl ` hcncutiquc
Lc ]0l0d/gmc dc l0 /HduCllOH
vcutfairclacc Lcsraiscnsdcl` ccnc
Iangucpalatcctlangucvvcscntcxactcmcnt
csmms uc cscauscsdcamcccmpr-
cnsicn.
1cparaidccc faitmassifcaractristiguc
dcl`usagcdcncslangucs ilcsttcucurspcs
sibcdcarc la mcmc choxc autrcmcnt. C` cst
ccucncsfascnsquandncusdnsscnsun
mctpr auucdummclcxiquc,ccmcfcnt
tcuslcsdictcnnaircs circc,dans sascicncc
smictic,placcccpncmncauccntrcdc
larcxiitdulangagcsurIui-mmc. as
c ` cstaussi ccquc ncus fai scnsuandncus
rcfculnsunargumcntun` apastccm-
prs. cudscnsqucncusl`cxpliucns,c` cst-
a-dircucncuscndplcycnslcsplis. r,dirc
lammcchcsc autrcmcnt autrcmcnt Jt ,
c` cstccucaisaittcutal`hcurclctraductcur
dclanguc trangrc. cusrctrcuvns ansi,a
l ` intricdcnctrcccmmunautlangagirc,la
mmc igmcdummc, dc lasgncati cn
mmc, l ` i ntrcuvabl c scns i dcntquc, ccns
rcndrcivalcntcslcsdcuxvcrsicnsdummc
prcpcs c`cstpcuruci,ccccndit,cnn`cn
43
Sut 0l0GC/On
+U
tpas , ct bcnscuvctncus aggavcsl c
alcntcnduparncscxplcaticns. Enmmc
tcps, unpcnt cst ct cntrc l atraducticn
ntcrnc, c l ` appcllc ans, ct la traducticn
ctcc, a savcirqu`al`intrcurdclammc
munaut, laccmprhcnsindcmandc au
cinsdcntcccutcsccncscntpascccs
dcstrangcrs,maisd adcsautrcs, dcsautrcs
prcchcs, si l ` cnvcut , c` cstains qucusscrl ,
palant dc la ccnnassanccd` autru, appcllc
l ` autrc quctidcndcr 1rcmdc, l ` trangcr. ly
adcl ` angcrdstcutautrc.C`cstapluscurs
qu` cndnit,qu` cnrcIculc,qu` cncxplquc,
qu` cnchcrchcdrcla memc choxc auncmcnt.
a scns un pas dc plus vcrs ccs Iamcu
arcancs quc Stcincrncccsscdcvistcrct dc
rcvsitcr. Avccquci travaillcns-ncusquand
ncuspalcnsctadcsscslaparclcaunautrc
Avcc trcisscrtcsd`units . /cx mc/x, c` cst
-dircdcssgncsqu` cntrcuvcdanslclcxquc,
/cx hraxcx, pcurl csqucllcs l n` ya pas dc
lcxiqucnulncpcut dirc ccmbicndcphrascs
cnttctscrnt dtcscnIranaiscucntcutc
autclanguc, ctcnnlcx /cx/cx, c`cst--drc
Lc ]0l0dlgmc dc /0 ll00uCllOh
dcssgucnccsdcprascs C`cstlcanicmcnt
dc ccs trcis scrtcs d`unts, l ` uncpcintcpar
aussurc,l ` autrcpacnvcnistccaccbscn,
latrcisimcpararaldciric,1aussctlcs
thcricicsdclarccpticndcstcxtcs, quicst
scurcc d cart par rappcrt a unc rsumc
Iangucparfaitc,ctscurccdcmaIctcndudans
` usagcquctidicn ct, a cctitrc, cccasicnd` in-
tcrtaticnsmultiplcsctccncucntcs.
cuxctssurlcmctncsmctscntchacun
plus d` u scns, ccmmc cnvcitdas lcsdic-
ticnnaircs. nappclc cclalao/)xcmic. Lc
scnscstaIcrscaqucfisdlimitpal`usagc,
lcguclccnsistcpcl`csscnticlacriblcrlapar-
tic duscsdumctqui ccnvicntau rcstc dc la
prascctccnccurt avcccclui-cial ` unitdu
scnscprctcffcrtal ` cgc.C` cstcaquc
fcislc ccntcxtcqu , ccccndit,dcidcdu
scnsqu` apris lc mct dans tcllccirccnstancc
c disccurs apartirdcla,csdisputcssurlcs
mctspcucntcsansn qu` avcz-vcusvculu
dirc 7ctc.Etc` cstdans lc cudclaqucsticnct
dc la rcnsc guc l cschcscs sc rciscnt cu
s ` cmbrcl l ct. Car il ` a pas quc lcs
+!
SurO traJuctton
+b
ccntcxtcs patcnts, ilj alcsccntcxtcscachsct
ccqucncusappclcnsIcsconno/a/|onx quinc
S0HI Q3S IOuICS IHIClCCIuCllCS, M3IS 3CCII vCS,
pastcutcspubIiucs,maisprcprcsamiIicu,
auncclassc,ungrcupc,vcircU ccrclcsccrct
ilj aainsitcutclamgcdissimulcparlaccn
SuIC, l tDlCIdtI, l3 M3I_C Uu DOH-dtl, SIl0HH0C
partcutcs lcsgurcsducach.
Avcc ccrcccursauccntcxtc,ncussccs
passsdumctalapasc. Ccttcncuvcllcunit,
quicstcnfaitIaprcmircunitudisccurs,Ic
mctrclcvant dcuntdu signcquincstpas
cnccrcdisccs,appccavcccllcdcncuvcllcs
scccsdambigutpcrttprincpaIcmcnts
lcrappcrtdu signi- ccqucnd- aurf
rcnt ccsurqucicnparIc,cndcicrrcsscrt
lcmcndc.astcpg c,cccditIauuc
r,fautcdcdcscriptcnccmpltc,ncusnavcns
quc dcspcints dc vuc, dcspcrspcctivcs, dcs
visicnspartcllcsdumcndc.Ccstpcucicn
na amaisndc scxpligucr, dc scxpIigucr
avccIcsmctsctlcsphrascs, dc scxpliqucr
avccautiquincvcitpaslcschcscsscuslc
mmcanglcucncus.
Lc ]0l0dl_mc dc /0 ll0ducllOh
Entrcnt|crs cn cu Ics tcxtcs, ccscncha-
ncmcntsdphrascs qui, ccmmc Ic mct| ` n-
diguc,scntdcs/cx/urcx qui/!sscn/ Icdisccurs
cnsqucncspluscumcinslcngucs c rcit
cst|`uncdcsplusrcmarquablcsdcccssqucnccs,
ctcstparic|ircmcntintrcssantpcuncsprc-
pcsdanslacsurccncus avcnsappsgu` cn
pcuttcu csraccntcrautrcmcntcnvarantla
misc cnnriguc, |afab| c as iIj a aussi
tcutcs|csutrcs scrtcs dctcxtcs, c| ` cnfait
autrc ccsquc raccntcr,pr cxcmplcargu-
mcntcr,ccmmccnfaitcnmcra|c, cndrcit,cn
pclitiquc. tcrvicnt c larhtcrguc avcc scs
gcsdcs|c,scscpcs,mtaphcrcctauucs,
cttcus |cscuxdcIangagcauscrviccdcstra-
tgicsicmbrab|cs,palcsquc||cs|asduc-
ticnct| ` ntmidatcnauxdpcnsdc| ` hcnntc
scucdcccnvancrc.
Endcclctcut cc qu` cn apu dirc cntra-
ductclcgicsurIcsrappcrtsccmp|qus cntrc
|apcnscc|a|anguc,| ` cspr tct|aIcttrc,ct|
scmpitccIcqucstcn faut-i|aduircIcscs
cutraduircIcsmcts cus ccscmbarrasdc|a
traducticn` ucIanguca| ` autrctrcuvcntIcur
+V
ur0 ddC
3
crigincdanslarcxicndclalangucsurclIc
mmc, gui a faI dirc a Stcincr guc cm
prcndrc, c` csttraduirc .
ais` cnvicns acc a guci ScincrticntIc
pIusctguirisgucdcfarcbasculcrtcutlcprc-
pcs das unc dirccticn invcrsc dc ccllc dc
l ` pruvcdcl ` rangcr. Stcincrscpatcxplc-
rcrl csusagcsdc la parcl cccstvisautrc
chcscguclcvrai,guclcrcl, c` cst-adircncn
sculcmcntlc fauxmanifcstc,a savcirIcmcn-
scngc- gucigucparlcr, c` cstpcuvcirmcntir,
dissimuIcr,falsicr -,maisaussitcutccgu` cn
pcutcIasscrnsauuchcscquclcrcl . dscns
lc pcssiblc, lc ccnditiccl, l`cptatif, l ` hpc-
thtiguc,` utcpiquc.C` cst- c` cstlccasdc
lcdirc-,ccgu`cnpcutfaircavcclclangagc
ncnsculcmcntdrc lammcchcscau/rcmcn/,
mais dirc au/rc chcscguc cc gui cst. latcn
cuait a c prcpcs ct acc qucIlc pcr-
pcxit lagurcduscphistc.
aisccn` cstpasccttccguipcutlcplus
drangcrl ` crdrcdcncucprcpcs . c` cstlaprc-
pcnsicndulangagcal ` nigmc,aI ` arIicc a
l`hctismc,ausccrc,pctcutdircalancn-
Ic arad|gmc dc /a traduct|on
ccunicatn.clccguc ` appclcrail ` c-
trmismcdctcicrguil amnc,paraincdu
bavardagc,dcl ` usagcconVcnIIunncl, dcl ` ns-
tmcntalisaticndulangagc, cppcscritcr-
prtaticncicaticn l ` guatic Ccm-
prcnc,c` csttraduirc sc rcfcc alcrs surlc
rapprt dc sci scimmcdanslcxccrc/ c
ncusrccucnsl` aduisiblc,gucnousavions
cavcircaauprctduccuplcdlittra-
hiscn.cuslc rctrcvcnssurl ctractduvou
dc ladli la plus cxtrmc. aisdlitc
guictguoi 7idlitalacapacitdulangagc
prscrvc lc sccrctal ` cnccntrcdc sa prc-
pcnsicnlcuahir idclitdslcrssci-mmc
pluttgu` autrui . tc` cstvrai guc la hautc
pcsicd` uaulCclanctcicl ` intraduisiblc,
cnctcantd` abcrdI ` ndiciblc,l ` icablc,
aucourdc saprcprc languc, tutautantguc
dans l ` carcntrc dcuxlangucs.
uccclurc dc ccttc suitcdcrctcurc-
mcnts 7 crctc,c l ` avcuc, pclcxc c suis
pc,c` cstccai,privilcgicrl` cntrccpala
pccdcl ` ctrangcr.` avcns-ncuspastmi
cnmouvccntparlcfaitdclaplalitchac
3i
Sur/u |ruJc|ton
ctpal`ngmcdcublcdcl ` inccunicabit
cnIcdcmcscIdclaIradcIicnmalgrtct
tis, sans l ` prcuvcdc l ` trangcr, scricns-
ncs scnsiblcsI ` trangct dcnctrcprcprc
lanc 7Enn,sansccttcprcvc,ncscricns-
ncuspasmcnacsdcncuscnfcrmcrdansl ` ai-
rcud` unmcnclcguc, sculsavccncslivrcs 7
ccur,dcnc,l ` hcsptalitIangagrc.
as cvcisbcnaussil ` autrcctccludu
tral dc la langc sur cllcmmc. ` cst-cc
pascctravalguincusdnnc lacldcsdi
cultsdc latradcticnad cx/ra 7 Et sincs
n` avcnspasctcy lcsnguitantcsccntrcs
dcl ` indiciblc,auricnsncus l cscnsdusccrct,
dc I ` ntrd sbIc sccrct 7 Et ncs mcil l curs
changcs dansl ` amcurctdansl ` amt gar-
dcraicnt-iIsccttcgualitdcdiscrIicn sccrc
dscrticn- gui prscrvcIadstanccdans la
prcxmit
ui, ilyabicndcuxvcicsd` cntrcdanslc
prcblmcdcIatraducticn.
\H JJg0 .
liJduii0 IHIiJduisi0
Icur Jcan Crc/:ch
accntributicnpcc sur lc paradcxcqui
cstala lcsa l ` crigincdc l atraduccn ct un
cflc dc l traducticn,savcirlc caractrc cn
scnsinadusibIcd`mcssagcvcrbald`unc
languc das uncautrc.
1. lj aunprcicrintraduisibIc,uninra-
du sblc dc dpart, gu cs la luralit dcs
langucsctqu` lvauratmicuxappclcrtcutdc
sutc, ccmcvcnumbcldt, lad/vcrxi/c, la
drcnccdcslgcs,quisuggrcl ` dcd`unc
3
lu traJuctton
3+
htrcgnit radicaIc gui dcvrait U r!or!
rcndrc ltraducticnimpcssiblc. Ccttcdvcr-
sitafcctctcuslcsnivcauxcpratcircsdulan
gagc .Ic dccupagcphcntigucctarticulatcirc
labascdcssystmcsphcntigucs lc dccu
pagc lcica|qui cppcsc lcs langucs,ncnmct
mct,maisdc systmclcxicalsystclcxi
cal,lcssignicaticnsvcrbaIcsal ` intricurd`
Icxigucccnsstatdansrscaudcdircnccs
ct dc syncnymcs lc dccupagc syntaxiguc
affcctantparcxcmplc|cssystmcsvcrbauxct
lapcsiticnd` un vncmcntdans Ic tcmps cu
cnccrclcsmcdcsd` cnchancmcntctdcccnsc
cuticn. Ccn` cstpastcut . lcs langucsncscnt
passculccntdiffrcntcsparlcurmanircc
dccupcrIcrclmasaussidc lcrcccmpcscr
aunivcaududisccurs cctgardBcnvcnistc,
rpliguantSaussurc,cbsccguclaprcmirc
unitdclangagcsigniantcstlaphrascctncn
lc mctdcntcnarappcl lc caractrc cppcsi
tif. rlaphrasccrganisc dcmanirc synth
tiqucunlccutcur,unintcrlccutc,unmcssagc
quivcutsigncrquclqucchcscctunrfrcnt,
savcircc surqucicnparlc, ccdcntcnparlc
h ]0SS0c . ll0dllc l ln/l0dlSlO/c
gucIgu` uitquclguc chosc agucIqu` unsur
quclquccoscscIoncsrglcsdcsgniancc
C` cst3 ccnvcauqucl ` ntraduisblcscrvlc
uncdcuxcIcsinquitant , ncnsculcmcnt
lcdcoupagcdurcI,maislcrapportduscns
aurlrcn ccqu` cnditdanssonrappcacc
surgulcdit , lcspascsdumcnccnticr
ottcntcnrcIcshccscocdcspapillons
insaisissalcs. Ccn` cstpas tout, nimmc Ic
plusrcdoutablc lcsprascssontdcpctitsdis-
ccursprlcvssurcplus longs discours gui
scntlcstcxtcs Lcstraductcurslc savcnticn
cc scnt dcs tcxtcs, ncncs phrascs, non dcs
mots, gucvculcnttraduircnostcxtcs . t lcs
tcxtcs Icr tourfont parti c ` cnscmbI cs
cuIturcIstravcrs lcqucIs s ` cprimcntdcs
visionsd mondcilIrcntcs, ui d` allcurs
pcuvcnts` lIrontcrl` intricurummcsys-
tclmcntaircdccoupagcphcnoIogquc,
lcxical, sntaxiquc, au point dc Iarc dc cc
qu` cnappclIcl aculturcnationaIccuccmmu-
nautaircunrscau c visions umondc cn
ccmptiticnoccultccuouvcrtc pcnsonsscu-
Icmcntl ` ccidcntctascsappossucccssils,
3J
/o //0duClOh
3U
grc,latin,hbraguc,ctascspriodcsd`auto-
corhcnsionomtitvcs,du oycn

gc
aIacnaissanccctIafcc,auxumircs,
aucmantismc.
cs consdrationsm` amncntadircgucla
tcc du traductcur nc va pas du ct a l a
phrasc,autcxtc, aI ` cnscmblcculturcI,masa
l ` invcrsc s ` imprgnantpardcvastcsIccturcs
dc ` csprtd` unc culturc, lctraductcurrcdcs-
ccnddutctc,aIaphrascctaumot.cdcicr
actc, si l ` on pcutdrc, la dcrnrc dci son,
conccrnc I ` tabIsscmcntd` un gI cssairc au
nivcau dcsmots Ic chcxdu gIossairc cst la
dcircprcuvc csccristallisc cngucIguc
socin}nc ccguidcvrattrcuncipcssibi-
litdctraduirc.
Z. 1cvicnsdcparIcrdc l ` intraduisibIcini-
tiaoaccI` iuaduisibIctcaI,cclui
gucproduiIatraductcn,ilfautdircommcnt
Iatraducticnoprc Car/a /raduc/icn cxix/c.
nU tou ourstraduit . iIj atou ourscudcs
Lh ]0SS0gc . ll0du/lc //h/l0du/S/O/c
marchands,dcsvcyagcurs, dcsabassadcs,
dcscspcspcsatsarcaubcscnd` tcnrc
cscchancshumains a-dcadc la ccmmu-
nautlanagrcguicstuncdcsccmcsantcs
csscnticllcsdclacchsicnsccialcctdcl ` idc-
titdugrcupc. Lcshcmmcsd`uncculturccnt
tcucurs su gu` l avat dcs ctrangcrs qu
avaicntd`autrcsmoursct`autrcslangucs. Et
l ` tragcratcu curstingutant ilyadcnc
d`autrcsfcnsdcvivrcguc lantrcC` cst
ccttc prcuvc dc l`trangcr guc la tradc-
tin atcu curs tuncrpcnscpaicllc. llc
suppcsc d`abcrdunc curcsit ccmmcnt,
dcmandclcraticnalistcu7N

siclc,pcut-
cn trcpcrsan nccnnat lcsparadcxcsdc
cntcsgicu imagincrla l ccturc guc lc cr-
san atdcs moursdcl` hcmmc cccdcntal,
grcc-latin chrticn, supcrstiticuxctraticna-
listc. C`cst surccttccuricsitpcurl`trangcr
guc sc grcffc cc gu`Antcinc Bcrman, dns
L 'crcuvc dc / 'c/ranycr, appcllclcdcx/r dc
/radu/rc.
3
ar/a /tOduCllOh
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dcsscincvcrc faic Carc` ctpU fairc,
cngtccsatcc,quc cauctccht
l ` cbstaclc- ct mmcl ` cb cctcnthcriguc-
dc I ` intraductibiIitdcprincipc d` unclanguc
aI ` autrc ansuncssaiprcdcnt, crappcllc
lcstcntatvcspcur cnncruncscluticnthc
rigucaccdilcccncl` pcssiiIitdcprin-
ci pc ct Ia ratiquc dc Ia traducticn soitl c
rcccursaclanccrigincllcscitI accnsc-
ticnd` cIangucaricicllcdcntmbcroEcc
arctrcuvl ` avcnrcdans aKcchcrchc dc /a
/anguc aqai/c danx /a cu//urc curcccnnc. 1c
ncrcprcndspaslcsarcntsaslcsguclssc
ccnscmmcl` chccdcccsdctcntativcs bi-
trairc dc larcccnstructicn dc Ia Iangc rigi-
ncllcgui apparatnalcmcntccmmc intrcu-
vaIccuccst-ccmmcU purlantasmc
Ic antasmcdcI ` criginc rcnduc histcriguc, Ic
rcsdscsprdcIaccnditicnumaincrclIc,
guicstccIIcdclapIuraliatcslcsnivcaux
d` cxistcncc pIuraIit, dnt Ia divcrsitdcs
langucscsIamanilcstaticnIapIustrcbIantc
pcguittdclangucs 7pcnsc c` cstainsi.
Lh ]0SS0g6 . ll0dll6 /lh/l0dlSlO/6
ous sommcs,parconstitutionctnonparun
asardqi scrait unc fautc, aprsacID
sclonlctircdc Stcncr.uant3 lalangucpar-
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qucnuln arussil ` ,fautcdcsatisIairc
Ia conditionpraIabIc d` unc numration
chaustcdcsdccssmplsctd` uncrccc
urcunicrscIcuniqucdcdrvation,I ` cart
cntrc Iarsumc langc artiIiciclIc ct I cs
lgucsntcllcsavcclcridioscrasic,lcs
bizarrcrics, s` avrc insurmcntablc. Aoutcz
cct caaIaondifIrcntc dont Icsdivcrscs
langcs taitcntduraccntrc scnsctrI-
rcnt,dcpportcncdirclcrcI,dircauuc
chcscqu lcrcl, Icpossiblc,I ` icl,l ` utopi,
voircIcsccrct,l ` indiciblc, brcf l ` autrcduco-
municabc.Lcdbatdcchaguclangucavcclc
sccrct,lccac,lcmystrc, l ` indicibIccstar
cxccIlcncI ` ncommunicablc, I ` ntraduisiblc
initiallclusrctranchc.
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prcdcnt, 3vai tcntcunc sorticpratiquc,cn
substituntal ` altcrnativcardljsantc- tra-
3>
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itC trahison,quicaavoucrquclapra-
iquc dclatraducticnrcstc unc opraticnris
uctou orscngutcdcsathoric.
` cstsurcctavcuquc cvoudrais rcvcnir,
cn souIignantccquc ` appIlcl ` intraduisiblc
tcinal rvlctmmccngcndrparlatra
ductio. Lc dilcc dlittrahisonscposc
commcdilcmmcpratigucparccgu` i l ` cxistc
pasdcritrcabsoludcccquiscraitlabonnc
traduction. Cc critrc absoluscraitlc memc
xcnx, ritguclqucpa,audcssusctcnrc lc
tcxtc d` origincctlctcxtcd` arrivc. ctroi
simctcxtc scraitportcurdu scns i dcntiguc
suppcscirculcrduprcmicrausccond. ` o
lc paradoxc, dissimul sous lc dilcmmcpra-
tiquccntrcdlitcttrahison .uncbcnnctra
ductionncpcutviscrqu` auncguivaIcnccpr
sumc, nonfondcdansunc idcntitdc scns
dmontrabIc, unc quivalcnccsas idcntit.
n pcut alorsrattachcra ccttcprsomption
d` uncquivalcnccsansidcnitlctravail dcla
traduction,qui scmanifcstclcplusclaircmcnt
danslcfaitdclarc-uaductioqucl ` cncbscrvc
LH ]0SS0gc . ll0dullc l /H/l0dlSlO/c
aunivcaudcsgradstctcsdc` humanit, cn
paicuIicrccuqifrncissctlaarrircdc
ladispaIII0 GCS SjSI0DCS dC d0COuQ3_C Cl GC
ICCODQOSIIIOH QDI3SIIQuC ctICXIuCC cvcquc
plushaut,parccmplccntrc` hbrcu, l cgrcc
ct Ic latin,cucntrc cslangucsdcl ` ndcctl c
CDIHOIS. P3I S cnHC CCSSC HOH QuS dC ICII3-
uircal ` itricurdc Iammcairc clturcIlc,
ccmmccnlcvcitavcclaBiblc,cmrc, Sha
cspcarc,cstccvsi . Cctravailcstrassurant
pcurlclcctcur,arccqu` il lui pcrmct d` acc
dcradcsouvrcsdc culturc trangrc dcntiI
ncparlcpaslalguc.aisqu`cncst-ilduct
dutraductcurctdc scndilccdIittrahi-
scn 7 csgrands dcxirantx dctraducticnquc
rcntlcsmaniucsallcmands,dcnttcinc
Bcrmanrccntc l ` avcnrcdsL 'crcuvc dc
/ 'ctranycr, cntultiplil csvcrsicns dc cc
diIcmmcratiquc qu il sapaisaicntdans dcs
fcrmulcstcllcsquc . amcnclcCCICuI 3u-
tcur, amcncrl ` autcuraulcctcur . Ccqu` ils
apisaicnt, c` tait lc trcubl cdc scrvirdcu
matrcs, ` trangcrdansscntrangct, C lcc-
ICuI dansscndsird` apprcpriaticn.nCOHIII-
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quc cvcudaisicircbcndir
Cc guia ct malgrtcuprsum, scus la
fcrmulccnapparcnccmodcstcd` quivaIcncc
sansidcntit,` cstl ` cxistcnccpralablcdccc
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ccccndit,avccl ` idcconscd` unc rcs-
tituticnD. Ccttc quivaIcnccncpcuttrc quc
chcrcc, trvaillc,prcsumc.
C` cstccttcprscmpticngui dcit trcisc
cnqucsticn.ElIccstrclativcmcntacccptablca
l ` intricur` uncvastcaircculturcllcclcs
idcntits comunautaircs, j ccmpri s lang-
gircs,scntcl|cs-mmcslcprcduitd` changcs
dclcngucdc, ccmmcc` cstlccasdansl ` airc
indc-curcpcnnc, ct aplus fcrtcraiscndans
dcsscus-grcupcsd` aInitccmmclcslangucs
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s acs, ct dans dcsrclaticnsducllcs ccmc
cnrcunc lagucltinc ctunclangucgca-
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3 p3IcHl0 CulUICC GISSIDuC 3 u3luIC vr-
tabl cdcl ` quivalcncc,quicstpluttrcdu/tc
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dc comaratsmcccnstrcti.Lactonc
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ticcparlcdu chocdcl ` inccparablc.
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l ` trangct dcs prcmicrsgcstcs ctdcs ccm-
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larccarchagucctclassiguc. Sathsc,guc
cc discutcpas,mais quc cprcnds ccmmc
yotsc dc travai , cst quc Ic chici scst
/ `au/rc ascludugrcc- guc accnassancc
cl ` intrcduchcisguvautaucdccns-
tructionparlcdchcrs,parl ` ctrcur,dupcn-
scrctduparlcrgrcc. L` trangctabsclccst
alorsdcnctrcct,ancusquipcnscnsctpar-
cnsgrcc, qucccscitcnalIcmandcudansnc
languc Ianc. Lathsc, poussca ` cxtrmc,
cstquc lcchincisct Icgrccscdistingucntpar
un pl i nitaldas lcpcsabIcctl ` prcu-
vabIc, un pi audcaduquc onc pcut
rcontcrAinsi,dans scncrncrivrc, inti-
lDu tcmx, 1ullicnscuticntguclccincs
n` a pas dc tcmps vcrbau parcc qu` i| n` a
pas c conccptdctcmps Iaborparristctc
dansIh}x/quc lV, rcccnstruiparatdans
Z. I3HOlS Jul0u, L C, 3ItS, LI3SS0! 0I 3SQU00,
ZUU .
Cn 0SS0c /r0dulrc l lh/r0dulSt0lC
L` csthtiquctransccndantalcctunivcrsa-
lisparcgcatravcrsIcsidcsduncya/ ct
dcI `Hqcbuag. cutlc livrccstsurlcmcdc
iln` yas. . ,iln` yapas. . . ,maisilya. . . .
1cpcscalcrslaqucsticn . ccmmcntpar|c-t-cn
cnanaisdcLC qu 'i/ a cnchcs r1u-
licnncprcncnccasunmctchncisdansscn
livrca `cxccpticndcyin-yang | ) , i|p|c-
ai s, d` ai|lcurs dans unc bcllclanguc, dc cc
qu` i|j a aaplaccdutcmps, a savcirlcssai-
scns, |cs cccasicns, |cs racincsctlcs fcuillcs,
lcsscurccsct|csu. Ccfaisant, ilccstuit
dcsccmparablcs.Etillcsccnsit,ccc ` ai
ditplushautqu` cn faitcn traduisant dc haut
cnbas,dc ` intuiticngcba|cpcantsurladi-
lrcnccdc p|i, cnpassantpar |csouvrcs,
|csclasiqucs chincis, ctcndcsccndantvcrs
|csmcts

accnstructicndccmparab|cs` cx-
primclinacmcntdans la ccnstructicnd` n
glcssairc.Etquctrcuvc-tcnductdcsmcts
dcncslangucs grccqucs 7csmctsusucls
quin` cntascudcdcstinphi|csphiqucctqui,
parl ` cffctdclatraducticn,scntaachsadcs
ccntcxtcsd` usagcctlcvsaladignitd` -
O3
uI O /I00uC/
UO
va/cntx, ccs amcuxquivalcntssans idcntit,
dcnncusavionsprsum laralitantc
dcnc,chccnquclqcsocquclqucpar,ct
quclctraductcurdccvrirait.
randurdclatradution,risqudclatra-
ducionisoncratricdcl ` original,apprc-
priaicngalcmcntcratccparlalancd` ac
cucil, ccnxtruction du ccmarab/c.
ais n` cstcc pas cc qui tait arriv a
plusicurs oqucs dc nctrc prcrc culturc,
lcrsquclcs Scptantccntuaduitcngrcclaib/c
braquc,dansccqucncusappclcnslaSc-
/an/c D ct quc pcuvcnta loisircritiqucrlcs
spcialiscsdcl ` brcuscul Etsaint1rmc
rcidivcavcc la |u/ya/c, ccnstruticnd` un
comprablclatinaisavantrmc,lcsLatins
aaicntcdcscomparablcs,cndidantpcr
noustcus quc arete sc traduisaitparvirtux,
c/ix parurbx cto/|/cx parcivix. currcstcr
dns lc dcmaincbibliquc, cnpcutdirc quc
Lutcranon sculcmcntccnstruitunccmpa-
rblccntraduisantcnallcmandlaBiblc,cnla
ganisantD ccc ilosaitdirc, lacc au
ltdcsainrmc,maisqu` ilacrlalanguc
Cn ]0SS06 . ll0dullc /lhlIdulSl0l6
allcmc,cccccmpalcaulan,aucc
dclaSc|an/c, ctal ` hcudclaB/b/c.
. Scmcsncusallsusqu` aubctdcl ` in-
trauisiblc 7 cn, puisquc ncusasrsclu
l ` ngmcdc ` guivalcncc cnaccnruisant.
Laccnstrcticndu ccmpablccstmmcdcvc-
nuclauticatind`uncdcublcrahiscn,dans
lamcsurc c|cs dcux matrcs inccmcnsu-
ralcscnttrcndus ccmmcnsurablcsparla
traducticccnstcticn.cstcalcrsunultmc
intraduisiblcqucncusdccuvrcnsatravcrsla
ccnstrucicnuccmparablc Ccttc ccnstruc-
ticn scIaitau nivcaudu scns. cns, lc
scul mct quc ncus n` acns pas ccmct,
parccqucncusl ` avcnsprsum.rlcxcns cst
aachascnunitavcclachairdcscts,ccc
chairquis` ppcllcla lcttrc cstraductcurs
s` cnscntdbarrascycucmcnt,pcncpas
rcccusdc traducticnlittra|c ,traduirc
littralcmcnt,n` cst-ccpastradircctct 7
uc||chcntc ucllcdisgrcc rd` cxccl-
lcntstrauctcur, surlcmcdlcdcldcrlin,
O
u/ 0 lt0dut/lOh
Ob
dcauclanct,danslcdcaincbibliguc,dc
cschnic,ontfaitcampagnccntrclcxcnx
xcul, lcscnssanslalcttrc cntrc alcttrc. ls
ittaicntl ` abriccnfcrtablcdc/ `cquiva/cncc
du xcnx, ctscrisguaicntdanscsrgicnsdan-
gcrcuscsiI scraitucstiondc snorit, dc
savcur, dc rythmc, d` cspaccmcnt, dc silcncc
cntrccscts, dctriguc ctdcrimc. L` im
mcnscma oritdcstraductcursrsistc,ctsans
doutc, surc modc du sauvc-gui-pcut, sans
rccnnacgucaduirlcscnsscu,c` cstrcncr
unc acguisiticndc a smictiguc ccntcmpo-
rainc, l ` unitduscnsctduson,dusignict
dusigniant,al ` cnccntrcdupruggucl ` on
trouvccncorcchczlcprcmicrusscrl guclc
scnscstcomplctdansI` actcdcV cnfrcrscns
dc Sinngcbung, gui traitc l ` cxprcssionHux-
druck), cccU ve/cmcn/ cxtcuraucos,
lcuclctcnvritl ` mcincorporcllcduscns,
dclaBcdcu/ung. Laccnsgucncccstgcscul
U pctcpcuttraduirc pctcaiscrpcn
drais a crman, s ` il vivaitcnccrc- las lc
ccrBcrman, uincus d guitts ctgui nous
mnuc,cluirpcndraisgu` il arcpcrtun
Ln assagc . ttaduttc /'tntta
d
uis|0/c
dcgrcpIusIcinlaccnstctcnduccmparab|c,
aunivcaudcIalcttrc surIabascdcl ` ingui-
ancrsstcd` unldcrIinquparlcgrcccn
aIIcmand ct, pcut-trc, dc ccIIc d` un cs-
chcic guipar|chbrcucnfranais . . AIcrs
latraductcn IttraIcD, gu` lpcursuitdcscs
voux,n cstpasuncaductcnmctamcI,mas
Icttrc a lcttrc. S` cst-iIIcignc assiIcing` iI
crct,dassacritiqucquasimcntdcscspcrccdc
l ` quivaIcnccdc scnsa scns, dc Iaccnstc-
ticnd` u ccmparabIc, d` un ccmparablclitt-
ra Laccntinuitc dans|aIuttcccntrcI ` ntra
duisblc cu cursrcnassan,ncsc |t-cIIcpas
dansIarcximitc dc dcuxtitrcs succcssifs .
L 'crcuvc dc / `ctrangcr ctLa traduct/on ct /a
/ct/rc ou / `aubcryc du /o/ntain
J . A. Hca, Lu Irdducllun 8l lu lCllrC uu l uu0Cr
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