Topic 3 / Unit 10 —————— [Suggested answers to in-text activities ] Check Your Understanding (page 185) 1 a) Calcium + dilute hydrochloric acid — calcium chloride + hydrogen b) Zinc + dilute sulphuric acid —> zinc sulphate + hydrogen 2 Test whether the metal can react with steam. Aluminium reacts with steam to give hydrogen gas while silver shows no reaction. (Other reasonable answ rs can be accepted.) Discussion (page 187) — _ _ _ ht an aaa The number ofeach type subst ofparticles | 1 magnesium atom reacts with 1 water 1 nitrogen molecule reacts with 3 molecule to give 1 formula unit of hydrogen molecules to give 2 oxide and 1 hydrogen molecule | molecules mania Check Your Understanding (page 191) a) CaGO,(s) —> Cad{s) + CO,(9) (s) + C(s) —> 2Pb(s) + CO) 2 a) 4K(s) + 0,(9) —> 2k, 01) b) Mg(s) + H,O(g) —> MgO(s) + H,(9) ©) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> ZnClaq) + H,(9) 4) 2ZnO(s) + C(s) —> 2Zn(s) + CO,(@) e) HgS(s) + 0,(g) —> Hat!) + $0,(9)Problem Solving (page 193) Study the reactions of each metal with solutions of compounds of other metals. The more reactive tne more solutions the metal can react with, iron 2 rita irate solution solution saltuio Check Your Understanding (page 195) 1 a) Cals) + 2H'(aq) —> CaP (aq) + H.(9) bb) Mg(s) + 2Ag"(aq) —> Mg*(aq) + 2Ag(6) 2 a) Reaction takes place. Zn(s) + Pb*(aq) —> Zn*(aq) + Pt ction takes place. Mg\s) + Fe"(aq) —> Mg*(aq) + Fo(s) 3) Check Your Understanding (page 199) Wis more reactive bec use it can displace X from a solution of compound of X 2 a) Zmight be mercury. 5) HgS(s) + 0,(¢) —> Hall) + S,(9) YoW>XeZ is more reactive than W because Y reacts vigorously with water but W cannot Metals in the middle of the reactivity series are extracted by reduction of thelr oxides with carbon. Metals near to the bottom are extracted from their ores by heating in air. Therefore X is more reactive than Z ‘Also W is more reactive than X. herefore Y is the most reactive while Z is the least reactive. 4 The less reactive metals were discovered first and the more reactive metals were discove later.[ Suggested answers to exercise | the Reaction between Sodium and water Calcium and water Observations lum sinks in water + The bead moves rapidly on the water | * A steady stream of bubbles forms + Sodium melts to form assilvery bead | * Cal * Sodium burns with a golden yellow flame Gas given of Hydrogen Hydrogen Balanced chemical | 2Na(s) +24,0() —> 2NaoHaq) | Cals) + 24,0() —> CalOH) (6) | ‘equation + H,(9) | +H.g) a) Pla b) Sodium ©) Sodium, calcium Magnesium, zinc or iron (any one) e) Hydrogen ) Dilute hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid inum 2Pb(s) + 0,(g) —> 2Pb0(s) 2K(s) + 2H,O(l) —> 2KOH(aq) + H,(g) Zn(s) + H,O(g) —> ZnO\s) + H,(g) Fe(s) + 2HCK{aq) —» FeCl,(aq) +H,(0) 2) Mg(s) + 2AgNO,(aq) —» Mg(NO,),(aq) + 2Ag(s) f) 2Cud(s) + > 2Cu(s) + CO,(g) 4a) Mg(s) + 2H"(aq) —> Mgi(aq) + H,(9) b) 2Al(s) + 6H*(aq) —> 2Al*(aq) + 3H,(9) ©) Zn(s) + Fe*(aq) —» Zn*(aq) + Fe(s) a) Fes) + 2Ag'(aq) —> Fe*(aq) + 2Aa(s) Metal Extraction method reduction of thelr oxi with carbon, Metals near to the bottom are extracted [rom their ores by heating in \W