Dictator Ne Wins Secrets (ဦးေန၀င္း၏ အတြင္းေရးမ်ား)

NCGUB (Border Office)
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=uygonf? jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 1962 ckESpf AdkvfcsKyfae0if; ppftm%m&Siftjzpf/ ppftm%modrf;I tkyfcsKyfaepOf
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+yD;tm%modrf;+yD;ump/ jrefrmjynf&efukefrd@wGif ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;u ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk zsufodrf;
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wifhum;rsm; jzifh0dkif;0ef;I tdrfay:wufzrf;qD;cH&+yD; ppfckH&kH;rS yk'fr 10 (C) jzifh axmif'%f (10) ESpf
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1988 ta&;tcif;+yD;p jrefrmjynfwGif;Yjzef@a0cJhpOf tEW&m,ftrsdK;rdsK;ay;vmEkdifojzifh/ vl&if;tcsdK@
rSty/ rzwf&_vkduf&ojzifh ,ck*syefjynfwGif TpmtkyfudkxyfrHxkwfa0vkduf&jcif;jzpfygonf?
Tpmtkyfudka&;ol 'kAdkvfrSL;}uD;=unfaqGonf 1933 ckESpfwGif v,fa0;rd@e,fY zcifOD;om'if
(e,fcsJ@awmfvSefa&;udkacgif;aqmifwkdufckdufaepOfusqHk;) ESifh trda':usefwkd@rS arG;zGm;cJhygonf? &efukef
wuUodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif ausmif;om;EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmiftjzpfaqmif&GufcJh+yD;/ 1957 ckESpfwGif ody`H
(&kyaA') ( Double Maths Physics) bGJ@&&SdcJhygonf? bGJ@&+yD; wyfxJ0ifa&mufI cr& - 106 wGifwyf=uyf
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1988 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvwGif Ttm%m&Sif}uD;.twGif;a&;rsm;pmtkyfa&;om;xkwfa0r_jzifh axmifcs
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onfh'%fa=umifh qD;usdwfa&m*gt}uD;tus,fcHpm;&+yD;/ 1992 ckESpf {+yDvwGif vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifhtrdef@
jzifhjyefv$wfay;cJhygonf? qD;usdwfa&m*gemwm&Snf/ ESpf&SnfcHpm;&+yD;/ xkda&m*gjzifhyif 1999 ckESpf arvY
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Tpmtkyfa&;ol 'kAdkvfrSL;}uD;=unfaqGonf 1957 ckESpfbGJ@&+yD;aemuf/ xkdpOfu ulrifwef (udk;uef@)
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ta=umif;ukd tpfudkjzpfolAdkvfawmufxdef (&JabmfokH;usdyf) tm;udwiftoday;cJhygonf? aemufykdif;
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&Sif}uD;rsm;. vufudkifwkwfaxmufvSrf;a&;wyftwGif;a&;rsm;ukd tawmftwefod&SdcJh&ygonf?
Tpmtkyfukd ,cktcg t*Fvdyf*syefbmomwkd@jzifh urBmol/ urBmom;rsm;xHqufvufjzef@a0oGm;
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-3
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tjym;&SdrnfrSm trSefyifjzpfygonf? ,if;wkd@teufrS t"duusaomta=umif;w&m;rsm;ukd od&Sdygu
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,cifu wyfrawmf.acgif;aqmif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;uOD;aqmif+yD; 1962 ckESpf/ rwfv (2) &ufae@wGif
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EkdifiHa&;oabmw&m;rsm;ukdjzef@jzLay;jcif; ponfh ta&;ygaomaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukdvkyfaqmifjcif;/ wkdif;&if;
om;nD!Gwfa&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ jynfwGif;aomif;usef;r_/csKyf+idrf;a&;twGufvnf;aumif;/ EkdifiHwum
qufqHr_twGuf ppfrSefaom bufrvkduf0g'udk usifhokH;a&;twGufif; tav;xm;aqmif&GufcJhjcif;rsm;&Sdyg
onf?
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tjzpfxlaxmifcJhygonf? tajccHOya'ukd jyXmef;jcif;ryrDtxd jrefrmEkdifiH.EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGg;a&;/ vlr_a&;/
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rsm;rSm tm;&zG,f&mjzpfygonf? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;onfrSpI aomif;usef;olrsm;. vufwGif;Y&SdcJhaom
ta&S@&dk;/ taemuf&kd;/ tv,f&kd;wkd@.wav#mufrS tcsuftcsmusaomae&mwkdif;udk jynfvnfodrf;ykduf
EkdifcJh+yD; aomif;usef;olrsm;rSm e,fpGefe,fzsm;Yom enf;trdsK;rsdK;jzifh toufquf&efud;pm;ae&aom
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pD;yGm;a&;wGifvnf; a&$ESifhEkdifiHjcm;aiGrsm;ukd ausmaxmufaemufcHyI aiGa=u;vnfywfr_rsm;
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onf? pD;yGg;a&;bufwGif tajctaeoifhwifhaumif;rGefonfESifhtr# vlr_a&;bufwGifvnf; tm;&p&m
tajctaersm;&SdcJhygonf?
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tm&ScsefyD,Htjzpf *k%f,l0ifh=uGm;EkdifcJhygonf?
awmfvSefa&;tpkd;&vufxufwGif vGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf;r_wav#mufY AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;ESifhtwl
yg0ifvkyfaqmifol oufwl&G,fwlyk*~dKvftrsm;tjym;yg&SdcJhygonf?
xkdyk*~dKvfwkd@onf EkdifiHa&;vkyfouft&vnf;aumif;/ e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpfqef@usifa&;rSpI
tawG@tuHrsm;t&vnf;aumif; AdkvfcsKyfae0if;ESifhwajy;wnf;&SdcJholrsm;jzpf=uygonf? TtcsufrSm Adkvf
csKyfae0if;.tkyfpkd;r_wav#mufwGif txl;*&kyxkdufaomtcsufwcsufjzpfygonf?
1962 ckESpfwGif awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS tm%modrf;+yD;aemuf ,cifyxptzGJ@acgif;aqmif
0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;EkESifhtwl 0ef}uD;a[mif;rsm;/ oef@&Sif;zqyv/ wnf+rJzqyvtzGJ@wkd@rSpI ajray:&Sd
EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@a[mif;rsm;rSacgif;aqmifa[mif;rsm;/ ,cifwyfrawmfrSta&;,lcHcJh&aom wyfrawmfacgif;aqmif
a[mif;rsm; ponfwkd@tm; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrS xdef;odrf;cJhygonf? OD;EkESifhEkdifiHa&;orm;a[mif; awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;tm; r*Fvm'kH&Sd ,ckA[dkEkdifiHa&;wuUokdvfae&mwGif&SdcJhaom avhusifha&;wyfwGif xdef;odrf;
xm;cJhygonf?
,if;okd@ OD;EkESifhEkdifiHa&;orm;a[mif;rsm;/ tjcm;ta&;}uD;aomyk*~dKvfrsm;tm; avhusifha&;wyfwGif
xdef;odrf;xm;pOf/ avhusifha&;wyfrSt&m&SdtcsdK@ESifh tjcm;tqifhtcsdK@wkd@rS OD;Ektm;=unf!dkojzifh udk,fwkdif
oGm;a&mufIuefawmhcJh=uygonf? if;udpPukd avhusifha&;wyfrSL; 'kAdkfvfrSL;}uD;vSarmifuod&SdoGm;+yD; ouf
qkdif&modk@owif;ykd@ojzifh/ OD;EkESifhtjcm;xdef;odrf;xm;olrsmtm; r*Fvm'kHa&=unftkdif&Sd A[dkaxmufvSrf;a&;
wyfodk@csufcsif;ajymif;&efpDpOf+yD; ajymif;a&G@cJhygonf? tjcm;tqifhrsm;. tdrfaxmifonfvkdif;twGuf
aqmufxm;aomtaqmuftOD;rsm;udk csufcsif;oHql;ud;rsm;um&H+yD;xm;&SdcJh&ygonf?
-5
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wm0ef,l+yD; vkHcHa&;ESifhaxmufvSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;ukd AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;wifOD;u wm0ef,lcJhygonf? Tt
a=umif;rsm;udkwifjyae&jcif;rSm AdkvfcsKyfae0if;. tkyfpdk;r_ESihfywfoufI ta&;ygaomuGif;qufrsm;jzpfaejcif;
a=umifh wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf?
AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;wifOD;
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. EkdifiHa&;=oZmtwuftusESifh txl;oufqkdifoljzpfygonf? rk'kHrd@rSjzpfI if;.
nDtukd&if;rsm;rSm vGwfvyfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wGif usqkH;cJh&ygonf? 10 wef;atmif+yD; *syefacwfwyfrawmfwGif
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usdyftzGJ@0ifrsm; *syefrSjyefvmpOfu rk'kHbufodk@a&muf&SdpOfwGif AdkvfrSL;csKyfwifOD;. rdom;pkESifhawG@&Sd+yD;/ Adkvf
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if;onf wuUodkvfwGif pD;yGm;a&;ynm&yfudkoif=um;cJh&+yD; rmh (u) pf0g'udk avhvmcJholjzpfygonf?
&Jabmfat;csrf;wkd@ awmckdpOfu if;tm;vmac:&mwGif if;taeESifh qkd&,fvpf0g'udkoabmusa=umif;/
odk@aomfvnf; vufeufudkifvrf;pOfukd vufrcHEkdifojzifhrvkdufvkda=umif; jiif;cJhonf[kod&ygonf?
pmayudk tvGefavhvmvkdufpm;oljzpf+yD; axmufvSrf;a&;ynmudkvnf;tvGefwefzdk;xm;oljzpfyg
onf? 'kAdkvfb0uyif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. ukd,fa&;t&m&Sdtjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh&ojzifh AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if;tm; tvGef=unf!dk+yD; wqlwnf;aombk&m;tjzpf udk;uG,fcJholjzpfygonf? axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sd
rsm;.{nfhcHyGJrsm;wGif AkdvfrSL;csKyfwifOD;ajymavh&Sdaompum;rsm;rS cifAsm;wkd@ u|efawmfwkd@txifao;csif
vnf;ao;=uAsm? u|efawmfhrdbawGu Ak'<bmomjzpfayrJh u|efawmfawmhAk'<bmomtjzpfeJ@ tav;teuf
rvkyfcJh&ao;ygbl;? u|efawmfhtaeeJ@ My religion is to do good qkdwhJ pum;udkoabmusw,fAs? u|ef
awmfu t&ufawmhaomufw,fAsm? 'gayrJh u|efawmfhoduQmudkawmh t+rJxdef;odrf;zdk@ud;pm;cJhygw,f? ol
rsm;,kH=unfudk;uG,fwmukdvnf; u|efawmfb,fawmhrS txifrao;cJhbl; [lIjzpfygonf?
AdkvfrSL;csKyfwifOD;onf vl}uD;rsm;.{nfhcHyGJrsm;wGif yifwkdifpum;ajymcJholjzpfygonf? pum;pyfrd
onfhtcgwkdif; ajymcJhaompum;wvkH;rSm u|efawmfrSm bk&m;wqlyJ&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dbk&m;uawmh AdkvfcsKyf
}uD;ae0if;ygyJ[laompum;yifjzpfygonf? u|efawmfu AdkvfcsKyfajymwmawGudkvnf; awmfawmf=um;cJh&
w,f? u|efawmfrodwmudkar;&ifvnf; AdkvfcsKyfuaoaocsmcsm &Sif;jycJhygw,f? 'gayrJh tqJcH&wJhtxJrSm
awmhu|efawmfu xdyfuygyJ[lIvnf; t+rJ*k%f,lwwfygonf?
Armhwyfrawmf axmufvSrf;a&;wyfzGJ@wGif wm0efxrf;aqmif&mY AdkvfrSL;Audk ('g&kdufwmrif;om;)/
AdkvfrSL;tkef;armif (,cifjynfwGif;tcGefnGefcsKyf) wkd@xHrS axmufvSrf;a&;ynm&,lcJhykHudkvnf;aumif;/ Adkvf
rSL;}uD;udkifEkdESifh axmufvSrf;a&;avmu tawG@tuHrsm;udkvnf;aumif;/ E_wfcrf;ar$;tbvGifxHrS axmuf
vSrf;a&;ynm&&SdcJhykHukdvnf;aumif;/ r=umc%xkwfaz:ajymwwfygonf? axmufvSrf;a&;ESifhywfoufaom
pmtkyfrsm;/ ppfESifhywfoufaompmtkyfrsm;ukd udk,fwkdifzwf&_&kHr#ruyJ tjcm;t&m&Sdrsm;udkygzwfckdif;+yD; jyef
vnfaqG;aEG;r_rsm;yavh&Sdygonf?
EkdifiHa&;oabmw&m;udkvnf; vGefpGmavhvmoljzpfygonf? 1952 ckESpfcef@u wyfrawmfrSypkcJh
aom oabmw&m;rSwfpkrsm;rSp+yD; rmh(u)pf vDeif0g'rsm;/ armfpDwkH;ESifh pwmvifwkd@.a&;om;csufrsm;udk
tvGwfavmufeD;eD;yif&onf[k qkdEkdifavmufatmif avhvmxm;oljzpfygonf? if;.rdwfawGrsm;u A[dk
-6
EkdifiHa&;ody`HrS oif=um;aeaomoifwef;rsm;ukdwufa&muf+yD;+yDvm[k ar;aomtcgwGif wufbdk@tcgtcGifh

r&ao;a=umif;ukdt+rJajymcJhygonf?
wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJ@
ArmhwyfrawmfwGif axmufvSrf;a&;udkpdwf0ifpm;r_t&SdqkH;yk*~dKvfrSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;jzpfygonf?
if;ukd,fwkdif t+rJ}uD;=uyfcJh+yD; avhusifhoif=um;rSLrSpI if;udk,fwkdifnGef=um;avh&Sdygonf? 1958 ckESpfcef@rS
pI axmufvSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;ukd pepfwusjyefvnfyvkyf&ef AdkvfrSL;wifO;D uud;pm;cJh&wGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if;ESifhAdkfvfrSL;}uD;vGifwkd@u nGefjyulnDcJha=umif;od&ygonf?
,cifaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfzGJ@rsm;udk ppfajrjyifaxmufvSrf;a&;oabmw&m;avmufESifh vkHcHa&;ynm
rsm;ukdom rawmufwacgufoif=um;&ap+yD; wm0efay;cJh&ojzifhaxmufvSrfa&;tr_xrf;a&G;cs,fr_rSp+yD; wyf
zGJ@pnf;r_txd jzpfovkdompcef;oGm;cJh=u&ygonf? axmufvSrf;a&;wyfzGJ@rsm;taeESifh wyfrsm;tm;if;/
ppfXmecsKyfrsm;tm;if; xdxda&mufa&mufrulnDEkdifcJh=uyg? xkd@a=umifh xkdpOftcgu wyfrawmfppfqifa&;
rsm;onf ig;yGuf&m ig;pmcs [louJhokd@pdwfrSef;ESifhaomfif;/ &efoluvmwkdufrSaomfif;/ ppfqif
wkdufckduf=u&+yD; rdrdwyfrsm;uaxmufvSrf;pDrHcsufjzifh ppfqifwkdufckdufEkdifonfhtajctaerS r&Sdoavmuf
yifjzpfcJh&ygonf?
wyfrawmf.tiftm;rSm wjznf;jznf;}uD;xGm;vmcJhaomfvnf; aomif;usef;olrsm;.tiftm;rSm
avsmhenf;oGm;jcif;r&SdoavmuffjzpfcJh&ygonf? ,if;uJhokd@aom tajctaerdsK;wGif wyfrawmfwGif;Y xl;jcm;
csufw&yfay:aygufvmcJh&ygonf?
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OD;armifarmifonf ArmhwyfrawmfwGif tawmfxif&Sm;olwOD;jzpfcJhygonf? tvGefavhvmoljzpfI ,cifu
EkdifiHa&;orm;a[mif;}uD;rsm;uyif av;pm;jcif;udkcH&oljzpfygonf? ArmhwyfrawmfrSm zGH@zd;qJEkdifiHwck.
wyfrawmfyDyD rl xuf vl udk ta&;xm;tqkH;tjzwfyoGm;onfrsm; trsm;tjym;&SdcJhygonf?
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tvGeftm;r&jzpfcJholjzpfygonf? AdkvfrSL;}uD;vGifrSm AdkvfrSL;csKyfarmifarmiftm; tvGefa=umuf&a=umif;
r=umc%ajymavh&Sdfygonf? AdkvfrSL;wifOD;ESifhAdkvfcsKyfarmifarmifrSm t}uD;tus,f ydyuQjzpfcJh=u+yD;/ AdkvfrSL;
wifOD;uwyfrawmfrS E_wfxGufawmhrnfqkdum axmuf}uhHrd@e,fbufwGif +cH}uD;rsm;0,fI pdkufysdK;a&;ESifh
arG;jrLa&;rsm;udk t}uD;tus,fvkyfcJhygonf?
AdkdvfrSL;csKyfarmifarmifonf axmufvSrf;a&;wyfzGJ@rsm;ukd tm;r&&mrS tar&duef pDtkdifatESihf
tquftoG,f&cJh+yD; v#dK@0SufaxmufvSrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyf&ef t}uD;tus,fpDpOfcJhygonf? xkdtcsdefrSmyif
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;uvnf; abmif'&Dvrf;wGif axmufvSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;udk pwifIudkifwG,favhusifhcJhygonf?
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;onf t*FvefwGifwyfxdef;oifwef;wufcJh&ojzifh ppfokH@yef;rsm; udkifwG,fxdef;odrf;jcif;udk
aumif;pGmoabmaygufem;vnfcJholjzpfygonf? aemufydkif;wGif AdkvfrSL;av;armif (jynfolw&m;ol}uD;tzGJ@
0if)ESifhtwl EkdifiHjcm;axmufvSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;ukd v#dK@0Sufwufa&mufcJh&olvnf;jzpfygonf? AkdvfrSL;csKyf
armifarmifyvkyfaomaxmufvSrf;a&;tzGJ@tm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;rSzsufqD;cJh+yD;aemuf AdkvfrSL;wifOD;onf
AdkvfrSL;av;armif.tultnDjzifh axmufvSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;ukd tifwkduftm;wkdufyvkyfcJhygonf? olwkd@
tm; txl;tultnDjzpfapcJholrSm t*Fvef&SufzD;&Jody`o
H dk@ oifwef;wufcJh+yD;rS tvkyfrcef@aom AdkvfrSL;
at;vGifjzpfygonf? AdkvfrSL;at;vGiftm;awG@&SdI wyfrawmft&m&Sdtjzpfcef@tyfcJh=uygonf?
AdkvfrSL;av;armifrSm AdkvfrSL;wifOD;tm; yk*~dKvft&tvGefav;pm;+yD; txl;tultnDay;cJholjzpfyg
onf? &efukefwuUodkvfwGif&SdpOfu armifusbrf;bGJ@&onftxd pum;ajym&mwGifatmifjrifcJholjzpfygonf?
-7
pmtvGefzwf+yD; A[kokwtvGef=uG,f0oljzpfI ol.oifwef;udkwuf&olrsm;rSm Ak'<w&m;udktvGef=unf!dk

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av;pm;r_ukd jzpfapcJholjzpfygonf?
AdkfvfrSL;at;vGifrSm wuUokdvfwGif"gwkaA'q&mvkyfcJholjzpf+yD; t*Fvef &Jody`HrSqif;vmcJholjzpf&kHr#r
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vSrf;a&;oifwef;rsm;wGif tvGefa&;ygaomody`Hynm&yfrsm;tm;oifay;EkdifcJholjzpfygonf? if;wkd@ okH;OD;.
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tpkd;&wuf+yD;aemuf AdkvfrSL;wifOD;onf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;ESifh AdkfvfrSL;}uD;vGifwkd@. oabmwlnDcsufukd&,l
I axmufvSrf;a&;wyfopfrsm;zGifh&ef ud;pm;cJhygonf?
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om;rsm;tm;oufqkdif&m wkdif;/ wyfr/ wyf&if;rsm;. axmufcHcsuf&,lI topfzGJ@aomaxmufvSrf;a&;wyf
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tokH;csvmjcif;jzpfI wyfrsm;. tultnD&&Sdjcif;/ jynfolvlxk=um;wGif yd&dpGmaexkdifwwfjcif; ponfwkd@
a=umifh axmufvSrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; ododomomatmifjrifvmcJhygonf?
xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;vHk+cKHa&;
,cif0ef}uD;csKyfa[mif;OD;EkESifhwuG xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;tm;xm;&Sd&mwGif avmavmq,ftjzpf
ompDpOfaqmif&Guf&ojzifh vkHcHa&;twGuftvGeftEW&m,f&Sdygonf? vkHcHa&;oabmw&m;udkem;vnfaom
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;twGuf txl;OD;a%Smufajcmufp&mjzpfonf?
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b&if;u,f&D,mum;rsm;wGJzufxm;&Sdjcif; ponfrsm;udkyvkyfcJhygonf? wyfwGif;vkHcHa&;ESifhwuG wyfjyifw
0dkufvkHcHa&;twGufyg txl;pDpOfaqmif&GufcJhygonf? AdkvfrSL;wifOD;rSm A[kokw&SdoljzpfI xdef;odrf;xm;ol
rsm;tm; tjcm;EkdifiHwckckrS ppfoabFmjzifhyifv,f0txdvma&muf+yD; &kwfw&uf [,fvDbGef; ppfqif
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qifcJhygonf?
vkHcHa&;udk twGif;pnf;vkHcHa&;/ tjyifvkHcHa&;tjzpfcGJjcm;+yD; aqmif&GufcJhygonf? xkdodk@aqmif&Guf
&mwGif twGif;tjyiftm;vHk;Y tifhumbmac:axmufvSrf;a&;pepft& axmufvSrf;a&;tr_xrf;rsm; ypPnf;
ud&d,mrsm;okH;vsufvnf;aumif; tao;pdwfaqmif&GufcJhygonf? Todk@vkHcHa&;pepfukd wduspGmtaumift
xnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhjcif;uyif AdkvfrSL;wifOD;tm; txGwftxdyf&mxl;&onftxd ykd@aqmifcJhjcif;jzpfygonf?
,m,DtusOf;pcef;wGif jzpfovkdxm;&SdcJhaomfvnf; EkdifiHwumppfokH@yef;Oya'pnf;rsOf;rsm;ukd
em;vnfaom AdkvfrSL;wifOD;taeESifhxdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;ukd wwfEkdifor#taumif;qk;H jzpfatmif pDpOfay;Ekdif
cJhygonf? xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;wGif wm0efusaom0efxrf;rsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;tm; awmfvSefa&;tpdk;&.
oabmxm;ukdem;vnfatmif t}udrf}udrf&Sif;jycJh+yD; vkdufematmifvnf; }uD;=uyfEkdifcJhygonf? t&m&Sdrsm;
udkvnf; aumif;pGmnGef=um;+yD; wm0efay;cJhojzifh xdef;odrf;cH&olrsm;rSm pdwfoufom&m &oifhoavmuf
&&Sd+yD; vGwfvyfa&;twGuf ud;yrf;r_rsm;r&SdoavmufjzpfcJhygonf?
xdef;odrf;a&;pcef;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifolrsm;onf xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;tm;av;pm;pGmjzifh
wm0ef&Sd&SdqufqHcJh=uygonf? xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;tm; vGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf;r_orkdif;wGif yg0ifcJholrsm;tjzpf
ESifhvnf;aumif; EkdifiHtwGufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJholrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif; awmfvSefa&;aumifpDrSoabm
-8
xm;a=umif; em;vnf=uojzifh qufqHr_rsm;acsmarmtqifajycJh=uygonf? AkdvfrSL;wifOD;onf if;udk,fwkdif

jzpfap/ AdkvfrSL;at;vGif/ AdkvfrSL;=unfaqG (taumufcGef)/ AdkvfrSL;pdk;!Gef@ (oGif;ukefxkwfukef) wkd@ukdjzpfap
xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;xHodk@ oGm;a&mufawG@qkHjcif;rsm;yvkyfcJhygonf?
xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;rSm jyifyrSyk*~dKvfrsm;ESifhpum;ajym&onfukd tvGefoabmus=u+yD; b0tawG@
tuHrsm; qENoabmxm;rsm;udk yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymcJh=uygonf? orkdif;avhvmr_ukdtxl;ESpfoufaom
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;twGuf txl;tudsK;&SdapcJhygonf? xdef;odrf;xm;olrsm;xHrS=um;od&csufrsm;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if;xHodk@wifjy&mwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ua0zefcsufrsm;ay;cJhojzifh if;twGuf txl;tusdK;jzpfapcJhygonf?
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;rSm vGwfvyfa&;udsK;yrf;r_wGif ukd,fwkdifyg0ifcJhjcif;/ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. &Sif;vif;oif=um;csuf
rsm;ukd =um;em&jcif;/ xdef;odrf;xm;ol EkdifiHa&;orm;}uD;rsm; wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD;rsm;xHrS tawG@tuHrsm;
ukd od&Sd&jcif;wkd@a=umifh vGefpGmtudsK;xl;&&SdcJhygonf?
vkHcHa&;twGuf tjyifpnf;vkHcHa&;udkaqmif&Guf&if;/ jrefrmEkdifiHwckvkH;.tajctaeudk qkwfukdif
Ekdifonfh tajctaeodk@usa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? wyfjyifvkHcHa&;udk wajz;ajz;wkd;csJ@aqmif&Guf&if;/ wyf.
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ta&;,lEkdifonftxd &&SdcJhygonf?
wyfjyifvkHcHa&;ukd wdk;csJ@aqmif&Guf&eftwGufaxmufvSrf;a&;ykdufuGefrsm;ukd wajz;ajz;wkd;csJ@csxm;
cJh&mwGif aomif;usef;olowif;rSpI e,fajrowif;rsm;/ ppfa&; EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGg;a&; ponfhowif;rsm;txd
&&SdcJhygonf? ppfa&;owif;rsm;udk wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&; !GefrSL;&kH;rSwqifh oufqkdif&mwyfrsm;odk@
jzef@csdEkdifcJhojzifh ppfqifa&;txl;atmifjrifcJhygonf?
Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrihf
wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;nGef=um;a&;rSL;&kH;rS ppfqifa&;t&m&SdwOD;jzpfaom Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrihf
rSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;. jynfwGif;jynfyc&D;pOfrsm;wGif t+rJvkdvkdvkdufcJh&oljzpfygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;uvnf;
oabmusoljzpfygonf? odk@aomfvnf; tajctaerSm wrdsK;wzkHjzpfcJh&ygonf? Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrifhonf
c&pf,mefbmom &kdrifuufovpf*dk%f;0ifjzpf+yD;/ bmoma&;t,lonf;olwOD;jzpfojzifh jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpf
vrf;pOfukd rauseyfjzpfum awmckdoGm;cJhygonf?
TtjzpfrdsK;rSm jzpfawmifhjzpfcJojzifh/ wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;!Gef=um;a&;rSL;&kH;rS AkdvfrSL;}uD;vGif
ESifh *sDwl; AdkvfrSL;csmvDwkd@rSm bmvkyf&rSef;rodjzpfcJh&ykH&ygonf? if;taeESifh }udwfI&SmazG=uykH&ygonf?
xkdtcsdefrSmyif yJcl;&kd;rwae&mwGifxm;&Sdaom AdkvfrSL;wifOD;. axmufvSrf;a&;ykdufuGefESifh AdkvfrSL;
ausmfpGmjrihfqkHaw@G&+yD; owif;wufvmcJhygonf? AdkvfrSL;wifOD;u ppf&kH;okd@ AdkvfausmfpGmjrifhbmjzpfvkd@
yJcl;&kd;rbufoGm;wmvJ[kar;&m xkdtcsdefu AdkvfrSL;wifOD;taeESifh ppf&kH;wGif 0ifqef@jcif;r&SdcJhao;ojzifh
cwfayghayghyif jyefajzcJhykH&ygonf? ,if;tjzpftysufESifhqufpyfI AdkvfrSL;}uD;vGifESifh AdkvfrSL;csmvDodef;a&$
wkd@tm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u txifrSm;cHcJh&ygonf? xkdtcsdefu tbvGifonf A[dkaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfYom
taersm;cJhygonf? wyfrSt&m&Sdrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;r_ydkI&cJh+yD; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;.ta=umif;rsm;udkvnf; tcGifhoifhwkdif;
ajymjycJhojzifh t&m&Sdrsm;rSydkI =unf!dkr_jzpfay:cJhygonf?
Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrifhESifhywfouf+yD; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;ukd ac:,lawG@qkH
I &Sif;vif;ajymjycJhygonf? xkdodk@awG@qkH&mwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u axmufvSrf;a&;qkdwm vl}uD;awG&J@em;rsufpd
jzpfa=umif;/ bmowif;rqkd ta&;}uD;r}uD;udkqkH;jzwfwmrsdK;rvkyfyJ txufvl}uD;rsm;xHodk@ tjrefqkH;a&muf
atmifwifjyzkd@vkda=umif; axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;onf ta&;ygaomwm0efukd xrf;aqmif=u&ojzifh
-9
ta=umif;wckcka=umifh t=uyfudkifcH&jcif;rsdK;jzpfwwfa=umif;/ xkdodk@cH&v#ifjzpfap/ udk,fa&;ukd,fwm tcuf

tcJ&Sdv#ifjzpfap zHk;xm;jcif;r&SdyJ vl}uDrsm;xH tjrefqkH;wifjy=uapvkda=umif;/ ,if;okd@wifjycJhojzifh
vl}uD;rsm;uajz&Sif;ay;cJhonfh tpOftvmrsm;&SdcJha=umif;rsm;udk tawG@tuHrsm;ESifhwuG&Sif;jycJhygonf?
xkdpOfu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;ESifhtwl awmfvSefa&;aumifpD0ifrsm;tm;vkH;yg0if=uygonf?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;taeESifh vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;jzpfaom aumifpD0ifrsm;tm; ta&;}uD;udpPrsm;udk
vkyfaqmif&mwGif today;onfhtaerdsK;ESifhjzpfap avhusifhay;onfhtaeESifhjzpfap aqmif&GufcJhjcif;jzpfonf
[k,lqygonf? axmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm;awG@qkH&mwGif oifcef;pm,lp&mrsm;pGm&SdcJhygonf? Adkvf}uD;
ausmfjrifhESihfywfoufI&Sif;jy&mwGif Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrifhtm; om;orD;uJhokd@vnf;aumif;/ nDtukduJhokd@
vnf;aumif; oabmxm;cJha=umif;/ u&iftrdsK;om;jzpf+yD; oGufvufjzwfvwfoljzpfojzifh awmfawmf
oabmuscJha=umif;/ tckudpPwGif if;rSmvnf; wm0ef&Sdw,fvkd@qkdEkdifa=umif; &Sif;vif;wifjyoifhwmukd
&Sif;rjywm[m rvkdvm;tyfwmawGjzpfzkd@ta=umif;qkdwmudk oifcef;pm,l&rnfjzpfa=umif; a&S@udk bm
udpPyJjzpfjzpf ajymoifhwmukdajym=uapvkda=umif; tckudpPrSm oluigeJ@ t+rJvkdvdkteD;uyfaewmqkdawmh
igodovkdodrSmyJvkd@ xifcJhwmvnf;wa=umif;jzpfa=umif;rsm;ukd &Sif;jycJhygonf?
Adkvf}uD;ausmfpGmjrihfudpPudkta=umif;jyKI AdkvfrSL;wifOD;tm; wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;nGef=um;a&;
rSL;&kH;ukdyg wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;uwm0efay;cJhygonf? AkdvfrSL;wifOD;rSm bmrqkdyGifhyGifh
vif;vif;ajymwwfjcif;/ rauseyfr_rsm;&Sdv#ifvnf; rdodyfrxm;wwfyJ yGifhvif;pGmajymqkdwwfjcif;wkd@a=umifh
ppf&kH;wGif0ifqef@r_r&SdoavmufjzpfcJh&onf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;uwm0efay;cJh&mwGif trdef@pmrxGufyJvkyfaecJh&
ojzifh ppf&kH;rSt&m&SdtcsdK@.ynmjyr_udk trdsK;rdsK;cHcJh&ygonf? ol@tm;wkduf&kdufrajym&Jonfrsm;ukd
A[kdaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfrSt&m&Sdrsm;tm; ajymcJhjcif;rsm;vnf;&Sdygonf? cifAsm;wkd@q&mudk b,folucef@vkd
uuvSrf;rSm vmvkyfaewmvJ[lIyif ar;jref;cJh=uygonf?
AdkvfrSL;wifOD;rSm tvkyfudkom ae@rtm;nrtm; pl;pdkufvkyfaechJojzifh/ tao;tzGJudpPrsm;r&SdcJhyg?
taxmuftulypPnf;enf;yg;pGmjzifh if;twGuft"duvkyfay;=uaom AxvrS t&m&Sdrsm;rS 'kuQtrdsK;rsdK;ESifh
awG@uHcJh&ygonf? odk@aomfvnf;axmufvSrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm txl;yifatmifjrifr_&&SdcJhygonf?
t"duyk*~dKvfvkHcHa&;wyfzGJ@
awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwufa&mufvm+yD;aemuf e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;ESifh zufqpfqef@usifa&;ppfyGJrsm;
wGif toufraoyJusefcJh+yD;/ t&m&Sdrjzpfao;aom wyfrawmfom;a[mif;rsm;tm; wm0efwkd;jrifhay;onfht
aejzifhvnf;aumif; ,kH=unfpdwfcspGmwm0efay;&eftwGufvnf;aumif; tpDtpOfrsm;yvkyfcJhygonf? &Jabmf
a[mif;rsm;tm;vkH;udk r*Fvm'kHA[kdaxmufvSrf;a&;wyfo@dk ac:,l+yD; AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;udk,fwkdifawG@qkHpum;
ajymcJhygonf? wyfrawmfwGif ppfouf&ifhI t&mcHAdkfvfrsm;t=uyf}uD;rsm; t=uyfrsm;tjzifhESifh ESpf&Snfvrsm;
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh=uolrsm;jzpfI wyfrawmfwGif txl;tm;xm;&olrsm;jzpf=uonf? ppfumvwGif ynmr
oif=um;cJh=u&ojzifhtqifhfjrifhynmrsm;ukd rwwfajrmufaomfvnf; jrefrmhordkif;wGifta&;ygaom wm0ef
}uD;rsm;ukdxrf;aqmif&mwGif yg0ifolrsm;jzpf=uojzifh txl;av;pm;*k%f,lxkdufolrsm;jzpf=uygonf?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u if;wkd@tzGJ@tm;awG@qkH&efvma&muf&mwGif oifcef;pm,lp&mrsm;ukd trsm;t
jym;awG@&ygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;vmrnfjzpfI A[dkaxmufvSrf;a&;wyftwGif;wGif vkdtyfonfrsm;ukdjyifqif
xm;cJhygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;tm; *dwf0rStav;y&eftwGuf ,cifwyf&if; (4) wGifaecJhzl;aom wyf=uyf}uD;
xGef;=uG,ftm; wm0efay;xm;ygonf? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;.um;0ifvmI q&mxGef;=uG,fu tav;y [k atmf
+yD;tav;y&mwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u um;udk&yfckdif;+yD; a[h tckeatmf'g ^m%fykvm;uG [kar;&m q&mxGef;
=uG,fu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;tm;tav;y+yD; um;em;odk@oGm;cJhygonf? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;u a[haumif uGefjrLepfu
- 10
tmyDqm*sifvkyfaeawmh wyfysufa&mayghuGm [k&,fp&majym&if; &if;&if;ESD;EDS;jzifh tjcm;ta=umif;t&m

rsm;ukd ar;jref;ajymqkdcJhygonf?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;onf q&m}uD;rsm;tm;awG@qHk&mwGif &if;&if;ESD;ESD;E_wfquf+yD;rS pum;ajymygonf? q&m
}uDrsm;tm; touft&G,f}uD;vm+yDjzpfI ppfqifa&;wm0efrsm;rS tem;,lEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif; tajc
taet& ta&;}uD;aomwm0efrsm;ukd ay;tyfEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif; &Jabmfa[mif;rsm;ajyvnf+yD; wpk
wpnf;wnf;wm0efxrf;aqmifEkdif&eftwGufvnf;aumif; ,ckuJhodk@ac:,lawG@qkHjcif;jzpfa=umif; &Sif;jyyg
onf? wm0efxrf;aqmif&mwGif taxmuftul&ap&eftwGuf axmuffvSrf;a&;ynmrsm;ukd oif=um;ay;
rnfjzpfa=umif;/ xkd@aemuf xuf0ufukd if;.teD;wGiw
f m0efxrf;aqmifap+yD; xuf0ufudk AdkfvfrSL;wifOD;xH
wGifxm;I tvkyfvkyf&if;axmufvSrf;a&;ynmrsm;&&Sdatmif vkyfay;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;udkvnf; &Sif;jycJhyg
onf?
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qkdv#if wcsdefu jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjzpfay:cJh&aom AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@usqkH;cJh&onfhqkH;&_H;r_}uD;rdsK;ukd if;wkd@
vufxufwGifrjzpfay:atmif wm0ef,lygonf[lIvnf;aumif; ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyGefatmif
aqmif&Gufrnf[lIvnf;aumif;/ pdwftm;xufoefpGmajymcJh=uygonf? AdkvfrSL;wifO;D u if;wkd@tm;t+rJwrf;
&Sif;jycJhaompum;wckrSm AdkvfcsKyf}uD;.qENtwkdif; ta&;}uD;wm0efrsm;udkxrf;aqmif&mwGif vl}uD;rsm;.
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ynmudkavhusifhoif=um;ay;wmyJ [lIjzpfygonf? t"duyk*~dKvfvkHcHa&;wyfcGJrSL;rSm Adkvf}uD;pdefjrifhjzpfyg
onf? wm0efxrf;aqmif&ifvufwzufqkH;&_H;chJ&oljzpf+yD; *syefacwfrSpI AdkvfcsKyf}uD;eJ@eD;uyfpGm wm0ef
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aumif;&Sd+yD; yg;eyfvdrRmolwOD;jzpfygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;tm; tvGefoHa,mZOf&Sd+yD; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;.ta=umif;
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rsm;.ta&;ay;jcif;udk txl;cH,lcJh&olvnf;jzpfygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;u vkyfaz:udkifzufrsm;/ ,cif EkdifiHa&;
acgif;aqmifrsm;tay:rnfonfh oabmxm;rsdK;&Sdonfudkyif cef@rSef;EkdifolwOD;jzpfonf?
t"duyk*~dKvfvkHcHa&;tzG@Jtm; t"dutzGJ@[kyifac:=uygonf? t"dutzGJ@tm; pwifwm0efay;pwGif
avhusifhoif=um;ay;xm;onfhtwdkif; twdtusvkyfcJh=uojzifh wyfrawmf=unf;a&avrS t&m&Sd}uD;rsm;/
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh jy\emawmfawmfwufcJh=uygonf? usLyfwkd@vnf; wyfrawmfom;awGyJ/ vl}uD;awGt
ay:rSmopPm&SdwmyJ/ olwdk@vkyfykHuusKyfwkd@ukd r,kH=unf&vkd@vkyfaewJhtwkdif;yJ ponfjzifh a0zefjypfwifonf
txd jzpfcJh=u&ygonf? tajccHynmudkaumif;pGmroifhcJh=u&aomfvnf; wm0efukd wduspGmxrf;aqmifEkdif
=uolrsm;jzpf=uygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;. ,kH=unftm;xm;r_ukd cH&olrsm;vnf;jzpf=uygonf? xkdodk@,kH=unf
tm;xm;onfESifhtr# wyfrawmfuvl}uD;rsm;. ta&;ay;jcif;ukdvnf;cH,lcJh=u&ygonf?
q&m}uD;rsm;onf vla[mif;}uD;rsm;jzpf=uojzifh wyfrawmfrSvl}uD;rsm;/ t}uD;tuJa[mif;rsm;ESifh
&if;ESD;/ eD;pyf/ 0iffqef@r_&Sd=uojzifh vkyfief;atmifjrifr_ ydkI&cJh=uonf? t"dutzGJ@ukd=unfhI AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
taeESifh vufatmufi,fom;rsm; txl;ojzifh t&m&Sdr[kwfaomtjcm;tqihfrsm;. av;pm;=unf!dkr_
tm; &,lEkdifcJhykHudk cef@rSef;Ekdifonf?
t"duwyfcGJrSL; Adkvf}uD;pddefjrifhESifhpum;pyfrdaomtcgrsm;wGif u|efawmft&m&Sdjzpfvmawmh
ajymqkdaexkdifwmawGukd awmfawmfqifjcif&w,fAs/ rSm;vkd@r&bl;/ tjcm;tqifhqdk&if AkdvfcsKyfuqJvkduf
qlvkduf&kHxufykd+yD;t&;,lcJw,f? t&m&Sdqkd&ifawmhAsm rSm;wmeJ@cswmyJ/ &mxl;ykd}uD;vmav a=umufp&m
aumif;avyJAs [k r=umc%ajymwwfygonf? AdkvfrSL;}uD;vGifESifh AdkvfrSL;csKyfwifOD;wkd@ESifh ywfoufIvnf;
- 11
pum;pyfrdonfhtcgrsm;Y 'Dvl}uD;awGuvnf; AdkvfcsKyfeJ@=um=umaevm&awmh AdkvfcsKyfeJ@wykHpHxJjzpfjzpf

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- 12
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- 13
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- 14
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taeESifh ,cktajctaerwlawmha=umif; if;wkd@0ef}uD;rsm;b0u wckckjzpfv#if ausmaxmufaemufcH
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onf? aemufqkH;wGif OD;ausmf+idrf;utav#mhay;+yD; aqG;aEG;yGJ+yD;oGm;wwf=uygonf?
AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;tay:wGif a0zefaqG;aEG;csufrsm;tm; AdkvfrSL;wifOD;odk@wifjyaomtcgwGif if;
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touft&G,fESifh ,cktouft&G,frSmrwlawmha=umif;/ tajctaevnf;trdsK;rdsK;ajymif;vJcJh+yDjzpfa=umif;/
touft&G,feJ@tawG@tuH[m vlwa,mufukdrsm;pGmajymif;vJoGm;apEkdifa=umif;/ r&ifhusufrDu pdwf
- 15
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/ pdwfrxef;Ekdifr_rsm;&SdEkdifaomfvnf; &ifhusufvmonfhtcgwGif tvkdvkdwnf+idrfvmEkdifa=umif;

rsm;ukd &Sif;jycJhygonf?
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(SECURITY
SURVEY)
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jzpfap/ (SECURITY INSPECTION) ac: vkHcHr_ppfaq;jcif;rsm;ukdyvkyfoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh vkHcHr_twGuf
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udkod&SdcJhaom AkdvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onf tvGefa'gyGcJhygonf?
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arwWm/ apwem}uD;rm;aom q&m/ q&mr}uD;rsm;oGefoifqkH;rr_ukdcH,lcJh&ol/ olemyq&mraumif;wOD;
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- 16
a':cifaroef; tdrfay:rSESifcs+yD;aemuf rsm;r=umrDrSmyif tdrfay:odk@jyefvnfa&muf&SdcJhygonf?

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- 17
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wGJzwfcH&olrsm;onf wm0efxrf;aqmif=upOftwGif; vlawmfrsm;[k xifay:vmolrsm;omjzpfa=umif;
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- 18
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aemufydkfif;wGif wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD;rsm;twGif;Y wD;wdk;xifjrifcsufay;vmcJh=uygonf? 'dk@q&m}uD;awmh
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AdkvfrSL;csKyfESifheD;pyfaomtokdif;t0kdif;url if;twGufpkd;&drfvmcJh=uygonf? 'Davmufausmf=um;vm&if
- 19
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- 20
usdK;twGufvnf; txl;aqmif&GufcJholjzpfygonf? odk@&mwGif a&S@rSoGm;avolrsm;.ta=umif;ukdvnf;

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- 21
z&D;x&dwf (Free Trade) ac:/ pufr_EkdifiH}uD;rsm;u vkyftm;coufomr_&SdonfhEkdifiHrsm;wGif puf&kH

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- 22
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- 23
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- 24
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vnf; AdkfvfcsKyfwifOD;ar#mfrSef;ouJhokd@ uGyfrsufonfhtajctaera&mufvmyJ wrsdK;wzkHjzpfoGm;cJhygonf? uH
udufonfrSm xkdtcsdefuAdkvfcsKyfwifOD;ESifh axmufvSrf;a&;wyfukdoHa,mZOf&Sdaomvl}uD;wOD;u &if;ESDS;
aomaxmufvSrf;a&;t&m&Sdrsm;udkajymjycJh&mwGif 'kuQqkdwmwckwnf;rvmwwfa=umif; pkyH+yD;vmwwf
a=umif;/ uHqkd;roGm;&m rkd;vkdufvkd@&Gm qkdwmrdsK;jzpfa=umif;/ tajctaet& vl}uD;rsm;taeESihfqkH;jzwfcsuf
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- 25
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zefwD;cJhaom t"duw&m;cHonf AdkvfcsKyfae0if;omjzpfygonf? if;arG;xkwfcJhaom vlaumiff;vlawmfqkdol
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ae0if;onf ausmif;om;b0uyif e,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif yg0ifcJholjzpfygonf? *syefEkdfifiHodk@ Adkvf
csKyfatmifqef;ESifhtwloGm;a&mufppfynmoifcJhaom &JabmfokH;usdyf0ifjzpfcJhygonf? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
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qef;udkom acgif;aqmiftjzpfwifajrmufcJh=uonf? *syefwGif ppfynmtjyif axmufvSrf;a&;ESifhywfouf
- 26
aom ynm&yfrsm;udkvnf; txl;oif=um;cJh&+yD;/ jynfwiG f;ykefuefv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;aqmif&GufEkdif&eftwGuf

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&Sdrsm;jzifh OD;aqmifIzGJ@pnf;cJhygonf? *syefacwft+yD;wGif Armhaoewfukdifwyf&if; (4) onf if;.vufpGJ
awmfwyf&if;jzpfcJhygonf? xkd@a=umifh wyf&if; (4) rSt&m&Sdrsm;ESifh tjcm;tqifhrsm;onf AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ESifhteD;
pyfqkH; wynfh&if;rsm;jzpfcJh=uygonf?
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cJh&+yD;/ wyfrawmfonfvnf; oufqkdif&me,fajra'otvkduf vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;ESihf aomif;
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pm; wkdufwJhckdufwJhae&mrSawmh *k%fyavmufatmifukd pGef@pm;wkdufckdufcJh=uwmawG&SdcJhw,f? wcdsK@ae&m
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ao=ua=u=u aomif;usef;olawGxGufajy;=ujzpfukef+yD [lIjzpfygonf?
1958 ckESpfwGif zqyv tpdk;&uGJoGm;+yD;aemuf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&wm0efukday;tyfjcif;cHcJh&ygonf?
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+yD; OD;Ek.tpkd;&wufa&mufcJhonf? 1962 ckESpfwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;onftm%modrf;I awmfvSefa&;
aumifpDzGJ@pnf;+yD; pwiftkyfcsKyfcJhygonf? AdkvfcsKyfae0if;tm%mrodrf;rDu wyfrawmft&m&Sd}uD;wpku
tm%modrf;&ef}uHpnfcJhjcif;udk AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u zdcGJypfcJhygonf? xkdt&m&Sd}uD;rsm;ukd wyfrSxGufckdif;+yD;
ta&;,lcJhygonf?
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EkdifwJhvlyg/ EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGukd a&G;aumufyGJjyefrvkyfay;rDuqkd&if wyfut&m&Sd}uD;awGukd wnf+rJzqyv
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wG,f=uwmaygh/ 'gukd oluem&r,fhtpm; OD;EkudkrsufESmvkyfbdk@ ukd,fh&Jabmf&JbufawGukd &uf&ufpufpufjyef
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vkyfrDu wyfrSt&m&Sd}uD;rsm;tm; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;uajymavh&SdcJhonfrSm OD;EkESifhOD;AaqGwkd@onf vlaumif;rsm;jzpf
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- 27
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rsm;teuf wlnDaomtcsufrSm AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;onf vGefpGmt&nftcsif;jynfh0oljzpfa=umif;/ if;udk
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wnf+rJ zqyv OD;AaqG. ajymjycsuft& zqyvtpdk;&vufxufu Adkvfvufsmu AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
ae0if;tm;tywfcs&efpDpOfcJha=umif;/ b,folurSvnf; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;aemufwGif r&yfwnfvkd=ua=umif;
OD;ausmf+idrf;u&yfwnfcJhIom AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rywfcJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; rsm;ukdajymcJhbl;ygonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;
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1949 ckESpfwGif EkdifiHtESH@tjym;Y aomif;usef;olrsm;a=umifh tajctaeqkd;0g;vmonfhtcgwGif
wm0efay;cHcJh&ygonf? 1958 ckESpfwGif zqyvuGJI tdrfapmifhtpkd;&tjzpf wmefay;cH&aomtcgwGif
xkdtcsdefu&SdcJhaom ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;. t&nftcsif;&Sdr_a=umifh EkdifiHtusdK;ukdtxl;aqmif&Gufay;EkdifchJ
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rsm;&Sdaejcif;a=umifh EkdifiHtwGuf txl;yiftav;xm;aqmif&GufcJhonf[k ,lq&ygonf?
1962 ckESpfrwfvwGif tm%modrf;ykduf+yD;aemufydkif;Y tajctaet&yf&yfonf tdrfapmifhtpkd;&
vufxufutajctaersm;ESifh vkH;0jcm;em;oGm;cJhygonf? AkdvfcsKyf}uD;onf tdrfapmifhtpdk;&vufxufu
tawG@tuHrsm;&cJhjcif;/ EkdifiHa&;tawG@tuH&ifhusufr_&Sd=uaom EkdfifiHa&;orm;}uD;rsm;tm; xdef;odrf;xm;+yD;
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csKyfwifOD;u pDppfwifjyolrsm;ukd trsm;tm;jzifhvufcHcJhonfomjzpfa=umif; od&ygonf? xkdodk@vufcHvkduf
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ukd,fusdK;twGuftokH;fycJhjcif;yifjzpfygonf? EkdifiHjcm;rSulnDaxmufyHhaomaiGrsm;onf rnfonfhta=umif;
a=umifhrqkd EkdifiHykdifaiGpm&if;odk@xnfh+yD;rSom Oya'.cGifhycsufjzifhtokH;y&efjzpfygonf? EkdifiHykdifaiGpm&if;odk@
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onf vufwef;vkyfcJhjcif;/ udk,fudsK;udkt"duxm;cJhjcif;rsm;a=umifhjzpfygonf? puf&kHw&kHpIaqmufpOfuyif
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urBmhpD;yGm;a&;aps;uGufwGif ta&;ygvSaomb%fvkyfief;onf vkHcHpdwfcs&r_&SdonfESifhtr# aiGa=u;
vnfywfr_udk xkwfjyefa=unmjcif;rsm;vnf;&Sdygonf? xkdxkwfjyefa=unmcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufI EkdifiHjcm;
owif;pm/ *sme,frsm;.xkwfaz:csufrsm;t& AkdvfcsKyf}uD; EkdifiHjcm;b%frsm;wGiftyfxm;aom aiGa=u;
tajrmuftrsm;&Sda=umif;xif&Sm;ygonf?
- 35
aemufqHk;ae@rsm;
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xlaxmifEkdifcJhojzifh ,m,Dtm;jzifh wnf+idrfaomtm%m&Sifb0udk xlaxmifEkdifcJhaomfvnf; ,if;odk@xl
axmifcJhrdjcif;uyif tm%m&Sifpepfukd tajctaetjrpfygrusef jynfolvlxku wl;az:acszsufypf&eftwGuf
pwifzefwD;ay;uJhokd@jzpfcJh&ygonf?
EkdifiHa&;wm0ef,l+yD;/ EkdifiHa&;tjrifr&SdyJ tm%m&SifqefqefyvkyfcJh=uygonf? 0ef}uD;tzGJ@ukd
tm%mukefay;+yD;ukdifxm;ouJhokd@ wkdif;ESihfjynfe,ftqifhrS rd@e,ftqifhxdudkvnf; ygwDaumifpDwkd@udk
tm%mukefay;cJhygonf? tqifhqifh e,fpm;y,fpm;rsm;jzpfvm=uaomtcgwGif tcGifhtvrf;rSefor#ukd
jynfolvlxk.rsufESmukdraxmufxm;yJ t&Sufta=umufuif;rJhpGm,lcJh=uygonf? txufvl}uD;rsm;u
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oavmuf&Sm;yg;aeaomfvnf; vl}uD;rsm;twGufZdrfcHum;rsm;udk trsm;tjym;wifoGif;aea=umif;udkdod&Sd&yg
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ykdifypPnf;jzpfatmifvkyfI aetdrfwkdufwmrsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;rsdK;r&SdcJha=umif;udkawG@&ygonf? ae&mXme
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tcGihftvrf;rsm;&SdaecJhojzifh wygwDtm%m&SifacwfuJhodk@ryrl&J=uyg?
vGwfvyfaomacwfu EkdifiHa&;orm;rsm;pkaqmif;&SmazGcJhonfh jynfol@bmaiGESifht&if;tESD;rsm;
udk tokH;yEkdifcJh=uojzifh tm%m&Sifacwf.tpOD;ykdif;wGif [kwfovkdvkd&SdcJhygonf? aemufydkif;wGif EkdifiHt
wGif;&SdtqDtESpfrSefor#onf ygwDaumifpDwGif vl}uD;jzpfvmolrsm;twGufomjzpfcJh&ygonf? if;wkd@ pm;rdsK
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ppfom;rsm; jzifhomjynfheufv#uf&SdcJhygonf? acgif;aqmifrsm;onf jynfolvlxkESihfuif;a0;onfESifhtr#
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Tokd@jzpfcsifovkdjzpfaeaomtajctaewGif 1988 ckrwfv ta&;tcif;jzpfaom &efukefpufr_
wuUodkvf (R.I.T) ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh t&yfom;rsm;ydyuQjzpfjcif;ukd vuf,Ofaeaomvl&dkif;rsm;u
&ufpufpGmypfcwfESdyfeif;&efud;pm;cJhygonf? odk@aomfvnf; jynfolvlxkudk aus;u|efyrm 26 ESpfausmf=um
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- 36
ausmif;om;rsm;urcHr&yfEkdifjzpfI 1988 ck ZGefvwGif +idrf;csrf;pGmqENjy&efud;pm;cJh=uygonf?

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AdkvfcsKyf}uD;utEW&m,fudkjrifEkdifcJhygonf? xkd@a=umifh 1988 ckESpf ZlvkdifvwGif ta&;ay:ygwDnDvmcHukd
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Zlvkdifv (23) &ufae@wGif udsKuUqHuGif;wGifyvkyfaomygwDnDvmcHY AdkvfcsKyf}uD;ae0if;u rdef@cGef;
ay;cJhygonf? 26 ESpfausmf ydifbufuif;tm%m&SiftjzpfrS pGef@v$wf&rnfhtajctaeodk@a&muf&Sdvmjcif;udk
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omruyJ urBmuygodatmif uwday;xm;jcif;udky,fzsufI wygwDtm%m&Sifpepfudk rsufESmajymifwkduf
+yD;usifhokH;&eftwGuf ckdif;&mukdvkyfwwf&kHomt&nftcsif;&Sdaom AdkvfrSL;csKyfa[mif;OD;pdefvGifudk trsm;
jynfolrESpfoufrSef;odvsufESifhyif ZGwftwif; ygwDOuUESifhEkdifiHawmforRwvkyfckdif;+yD; vlowfyGJusif;y&efpD
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&ufpGufpGmyvkyfcJhaomfvnf; vlxk}uD;u vufeufrhJjzifhtaocH+yD;pdwf"gwfckdifrmjyif;xefpGm qef@usifwkduf
ckdufjcif;udkcH&ygawmhonf? xdktcg OD;ae0if;onf wqifhav#mhonfhtaeESifh =o*kwfv (12) &ufae@wGif OD;
pdefvGiftm;jzKwfcs+yD; (19) &ufae@ ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rsm;jzifh a'gufwmarmifarmiftm; ygwDOuUESifh
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&ef0efav;aeaomOD;ae0if;onf =um;jzwftpdk;&csufcsif;zGJ@ay;&rnfh tajctaeodk@a&mufaeygvsuf rzGJ@ay;yJ
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- 37
a=umif;xif&Sm;ygonf? jynfolvlxkukd &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfcJh+yD;rS urBmhtv,fwGif rnfokd@rsufESmjyyg

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- 38

Dictator Ne Wins Secrets (ဦးေန၀င္း၏ အတြင္းေရးမ်ား)

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Dictator Ne Wins Secrets (ဦးေန၀င္း၏ အတြင္းေရးမ်ား)

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