AMPLIFIER

(Part 3)

UNIT 4 ( CHAPTER 2)

Objectives

Knowing and understanding the Complementary Symmetry Amplifier. The types of damage to the audio amplifier. The types of distortion in audio amplifiers.

Types of Distortion
1

Amplitude Distortion Frequency Distortion Phase Distortion Cross-over Distortion

2
3 4 5

Intermodulation Distortion

Amplitude Distortion

The output signal became flatten at the upper or lower side or both side. This is caused by larger input signal or varying biasing or unlinearity of the transistors.

Frequency Distortion

This type of distortion occur for amplifier circuit that has narrow bandwidth or unlinearity of the amplifier, or filtering characteristics and unsuitable feedback. For example the changes in value for coupling capacitor or feedback capacitor.

Phase Distortion

The output phase distortion is compared to the input signal. Every amplifier has a certain phase differences such as 00 atau 1800. Other than these phases, the output is considered phased distortion.

Phase Distortion

It is difficult to analyze this type of distortion because the original audio signal usually comes with harmonics noise that cause the phase to be distorted. But we can refer to the results given by the squarewave testing.

Cross-over Distortion

This faults is commonly occur in push-pull or complementary amplifier. The output signal is less than 1800. This is caused by wrong biasing or drifted characteristics of the active components.

Cross-over Distortion

Intermodulation Distortion

This is caused by the unlinearity of the various input frequencies than added to produce a new frequency. For example, if there are two input frequencies, 1 KHz and 400Hz but the output became 600Hz or 1.4KHz.

Intermodulation Distortion

It can be tested using the circuits below. The results are odd and even harmonic distortion. This test can also be used to observe other distortions.

Square Wave Testing

Ujian Gelombang Segiempat

The End.