J SP developers use static HTML， scriptlets (snippets of J ava code) and tags to create the page that loads in the Web browser．The tags and scriptlets encapsulate the business logic on the HTML page．

When the browser makes a request，the embedded code runs in a servlet engine，which interprets the JSP tags and scriptlets and sends the results back as an HTML page to the browser．

at Gartner Group Inc．，noting that the introduction of both ASPs and JSPs aided in reducing the time and costs required to maintain and develop Web-based applications． J SPs and ASPs allow database content，or data from other applications，to be pulled from those resources and displayed on the Web page by a browser． Both technologies emerged to contend with static， predefined Web pages developed using HTML．

By separating the user interface (the appearance of the page) from the content-generation functionality， developers have an easier task of changing both the page layout and the dynamic content．

In the old days， if you wanted to make changes to an HTML page， like to a price in a catalog， you would have to physically change the price on every single item． When using ASPs or J SPs， the information gets populated on the page dynamically，and all you have to change is the price data in the database． It allows you to take a lot of the labor out of producing online information．

Before the advent of ASP and JSP technologies，developers had to write Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts，using languages such as Perl，C or C++ to process user input from the Web browser to the Web server．But CGI scripts present scalability problems if the site receives a large number of concurrent requests．

显示在Web 页面中。这两种技术都显示出要与用HTML 开发的预定义静态Web 页面相竞
争。
通过把用户界面（页面的外观）与内容生成功能分隔开，开发人员修改页面设计和动态内容
的任务就更容易了。
节省劳力
在过去，如果您要修改HTML 页面，如产品目录中的价格，您不得不实际上修改每一单项
中的价格。使用ASP 和J SP 时，（价格修改）信息动态地进入页面，您必须要做的全部事情
就是修改数据库中的价格数据。这就让您从生成在线信息中省下大量的工作。
在发明ASP 和J SP 技术之前，开发人员必须用Perl、C 或C++ 语言编写公共网关接口（CGI）
脚本，以处理从Web 浏览器到Web 服务器的用户输入。但是，如果网站收到大量并发请求，

In these next-generation carrier networks，voice traffic will be directed between traditional voice networks and new packet-based networks by media gateways and media gateway controllers that will be handled by softswitches.

The concept behind these new networks is that media gateways，signaling gateways， media gateway controllers and application servers will be divided into separate logical network components，communicating with one another through the use of intraswitch protocols such as Media Gateway Control (Megaco)，Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)，SCTP/ M3UA and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).

Call control relates to the setup and tear-down of calls，including call routing (where the call is coming from and where it will be sent) and service selection (does the user have caller name service or some other enhanced service)．A softswitch also provides call authentication and authorization (what calls is the line allowed to make)，and accounting services by accessing information available in an existing Signaling System 7 (SS7) network．

The SS7 signaling interface lets the softswitch communicate with the SS7 network．Sometimes the signaling interface is separated into stand-alone hardware called a signaling gateway.

Softswitches do not replace anything in a network．A softswitch is part of a whole functioning switch．Part of the confusion when defining a softswitch is that some people consider only the media gateway controller when they think of a softswitch，some also include the signaling gateway，and others consider the softswitch to be the media gateway controller，signaling gateway and application server.

The one area of consensus is that no one includes the media gateway as part of the definition of a softswitch，although the media gateway is a significant part of the overall switching platform．A media gateway is the physical platform that handles traffic and physically interfaces to the public switched telephone network (PSTN)，IP and ATM

包语音的经济优势正在推动接入和核心语音网络从电路交换转向包交换。
在下一代的运营商的网络中，将通过由软交换机处理的媒体网关和媒体网关控制器，在传统
的语音网和新颖的基于包的网络之间引导语音流量。
这种新颖网络背后的概念是，媒体网关、信令网关、媒体网关控制器和应用服务器被分成若
干个逻辑网络部件，它们通过利用交换机内协议（如媒体网关控制（Megaco）、媒体网关控
制协议（MGCP）、SCTP/ M3UA 和会话开始协议（SIP）），实现相互之间的通信。

在最基本的层面上，软交换是媒体网关控制器软件，它为媒体网关提供呼叫控制和资源管理。 呼叫控制与呼叫的建立和中止有关，包括呼叫路由（即呼叫从何处来、到何处去）和服务选 择（用户是否拥有呼叫方名字服务或其他附加服务）。软交换还提供呼叫认证和授权（即该 线路允许进行什么样的呼叫），以及通过访问现有的7 号信令系统(SS7)网上可资利用的信息 提供记账服务。

关。
软交换没有代替网络中任何东西。软交换是一个全功能交换机的一部分。定义软交换时出现
混乱情况的部分原因是，有些人在看待软交换时只把它当做媒体网关控制器，有些人还包括
了信令网关，而其他人把软交换当做媒体网关控制器、信令网关和应用服务器。
有一点是一致的，那就是没有人把媒体网关包括在软交换的定义内，虽然媒体网关是整个交

The running battle between hackers and network security professionals has moved beyond the perimeter firewall to hand-to-hand combat at individual Web and corporate servers．

And new security weapons have emerged that use ingenious methods to protect Web sites and corporate networks from external and internal security threats．Here are some of the latest tools at your disposal.

Gilian G-Server doesn care how the hacker got in or what changes they may have made to your Web site．Gilian Exit Control technology prevents the world from seeing the consequences of a security breach．

Gilian G-Server sits between the Web server and the router or firewall that connects the Web server to the Internet,inspecting every piece of content that goes out.The Exit Control G-Server contains a collection of digital signatures made from authorized Web content during the publication process．

Signatures that don match send up a red flag which triggers the G-Server to immediately replace a bogus page with a secure archived copy of the original，while simultaneously alerting appropriate personnel．