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DHMNQOTH[OJOBHMÀL @ÔRGJ* ^G-BG* ^G-@LU ¸OUGT[OM QGOTNHTYLQL JL TLJ_K8
Qh`l* <; cumgh 19<<Qotoül otylühj-gmnjçt ko Bqlmdotdl Qh`lml* rgdoyqotgkom{l ko L@GDL
<29719<<
Egyoqtomtgagjgklk ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl w tomtgagjgklk |uà`gdl `ój{gyjo3 ¸kht dlqlt ko jl `gt`l `hmokl8
Yhq3 Bqlmdotdl Qh`lml Hqjlmkh* yoqghkgt{l w rgdoyqotgkom{l ko L@GDLRlqght oyoq{ht ko kgboqom{ot ylàtot ouqhyoht dhgmdgkom om lbgq`lq |uo jlegyoqtomtgagjgklk ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl ot uml omboq`oklk qolj* bàtgdl* w ylql ljnumht koojjht ot{l dhmkgdgôm ylqodo ot{lq ot{qgd{l`om{o qojldghmlkl dhm jl tomtgagjgklk |uà`gdl`ój{gyjo %T\@' Ot{l ot jl dhmdjutgôm koj
Dhmnqoth
![ojobhmàl `ôrgj* ^g-Bg* ^g-@lu3¸ougt{om qgotnht ylql jl tljk8
! 
* |uo to dojoaqô om oj Yljldgh @lqgmg - Dì`lql ko jhtKgyu{lkht* om Qh`l oj <; ko cumgh ko 19<<Oj orom{h* hqnlmgslkh yhq jl Lthdgldgôm ylql oj @okgh L`agom{o w oj Klüh Dqômgdh[ôgdh %
L@GDL
'* {urh dh`h haco{h yqhyhqdghmlq uml
 
rgtgôm nomoqlj thaqo jhtyojgnqht ylql jl tljuk rgmdujlkht l jl u{gjgsldgôm ko
kgtyhtg{grht gmljì`aqgdht
Oj
yqhbothq Kh`gmg|uo Aojyh``o
* hmdôjhnh* yqhbothq koj ehtyg{lj umgroqtg{lqghyokgì{qgdh Modfoq* cobo ko gmrot{gnldgôm ko jl judel dhm{ql oj dìmdoq %LQ[LD'* `ht{qô omtu dhmboqomdgl
!Yqh{hdhjht kglnmôt{gdht w {oqlyçu{gdht ylql jl gm{hjoqlmdgl l jht dl`yhtojod{qh`lnmç{gdht! 
* jht qotuj{lkht ko um
ot{ukgh altlkh om jl hatoqrldgôm djàmgdl ko`ìt ko ;?9 yldgom{ot
qongt{qlkht om{qo 1995 w 19<<Çj w tu o|ugyh u{gjgslm uml
{çdmgdl muorl ylql kglnmht{gdlq
l yoqthmlt |uo qobgoqomqolddghmot l jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht* uml dhmkgdgôm |uo yqobgoqo kobgmgq dh`h!gm{hjoqlmdgl l jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht! h !tàmkqh`o ko GDO! om junlq ko!egyoqtomtgagjgklk ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl!Jl muorl {çdmgdl ot oj !Odh-Khyyjoq yujtlkh! koj doqoaqh* |uo dh`agml oj odh-khyyjoqdhm um o|ugyh ylql orljulq jl yoqbutgôm
 
doqoaqlj L kgboqomdgl ko h{qht `ç{hkht* mh otyojgnqhth w mh g`yjgdl mgmnuml qlkgldgôm ghmgslm{oJht qotuj{lkht `uot{qlm |uo
jlt yoqthmlt dhm gm{hjoqlmdgl l jht dl`yhtojod{qh`lnmç{gdht {gomom uml yoqbutgôm qokudgkl om oj doqoaqh* otyodglj`om{o omjl ylq{o gs|ugoqkl koj ìqol jà`agdl koj doqoaqh
* om dh`ylqldgôm dhm oj nquyh kodhm{qhj Ot{l ot um ìqol `uw ylq{gdujlq* yhq|uo
ot jl ylq{o koj doqoaqh `ìt lm{gnul omoj dhm{qhj ko `udelt bumdghmot dhqyhqljot
!Ot{ht qotuj{lkht thm `uw g`yhq{lm{ot‐*
dh`om{ô Aojyh``o om oj Dhmnqoth* ‚
 yhq|uo yhq yqg`oql ros* th`ht dlyldot ko kobgmgq jl gm{hjoqlmdgl l jht dl`yhtojod{qh`lnmç{gdht dh`h uml omboq`oklk bàtgdl altìmkhmht om yquoalt haco{grlt
! Tu o|ugyh {l`agçm u{gjgsl
h{qlt yquoalt* dh`h jl khtgt ko egt{l`gml 
* ko yqh{oàmlT<99A w ko tehdf yhq jl yqh{oàml ety>9 w ety1> om tlmnqo
@G OT[QOJJL KO @LQ ~~~`g-ot{qojjl-ko-`lqajhntyh{dh`(< ko ?
 
Oj >9/ koj nquyh ko jht yldgom{ot hatoqrlkht `ht{qô uml toroql kgt`gmudgôm ko jhtmgrojot ko rg{l`gml K* lyqhg`lkl`om{o oj <-1/ ko jht yldgom{ot um lu`om{h ko jltyqh{oàmlt ety1> w ety>9* `gom{qlt |uo `ìt koj ;9/ ko jl `uot{ql {urh uml lj{l dgbql koegt{l`gml* um eodeh {h{lj`om{o dh`yl{gajo dhm uml gm{oqyqo{ldgôm bgtghjôngdl ko ot{otàmkqh`o Om {hqmh lj <9/ ko jht yldgom{ot {urh uml lj{l dlm{gklk ko yqh{oàml T<99A*|uo ot um `lqdlkhq ko jl yoq`olagjgklk ko jl alqqoql eo`ì{gdl doqoaqlj %AAA' Om jl{oqdoql ylq{o ko jl `uot{ql ko yldgom{ot* to hatoqrô uml qokuddgôm ko jl `ojl{hmgml omjl hqgml* jh |uo yuoko oyjgdlq tàm{h`lt dh`h jl bl{gnl* oj gmth`mgh w jl koyqotgôm omot{ht yldgom{ot
Ot{lt lj{oqldghmot thm alt{lm{o tg`gjlqot l jlt |uo to yqotom{lm om yldgom{ot dhmtomtgagjgklk |uà`gdl `ój{gyjo %T\@'
* ylq{gdujlq`om{o om jh |uo to qobgoqo l jlqokuddgôm ko jl yoqbutgôm doqoaqlj* jl gmbjl`ldgôm mouqhnçmgdl* oj lu`om{h koj ot{qçthgkl{grh w jl qokuddgôm ko jht `odlmgt`ht ko kobomtl
Oj eodeh ko |uo jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht %DO@' gmkusdlm jl lyoq{uql ko jlalqqoql eo`l{homdobìjgdl %AAA' yuoko gm{oqboqgq om jl yqh{oddgôm koj doqoaqh bqom{o l jht yqhkud{ht |uà`gdht {ôgdht
Ko eodeh* mh ot gmbqoduom{o |uo jht yldgom{ot dhmtàmkqh`o ko GDO {omnlm tàm{h`lt ko T\@* `gom{qlt |uo `udeht yldgom{ot dhm T\@{l`agçm qolddghmlm l jht DO@Oj
lu`om{h koj ot{qçt hgkl{grh om yldgom{ot ojod{qhtomtgajot
buo gkom{gbgdlkh yhq jl
khd{hql Rljoqgl Yldgbgdh
* |uo hbqodgô om Qh`l uml dhmboqomdgl thaqo jht
!Koto|ugjgaqght ko jht agh`lqdlkhqot `o{laôjgdht ko ôgkh-qokuddgôm w jltutdoy{gagjgklk l jl qlkgldgôm mh ghmgslm{o!
Ojjl {qlalcl om oj o|ugyh koj
Kq Deglql KoJudl 
om oj jlahql{hqgh Oyoqg`om{lj AGJLQL koj Gt{g{u{h Koq`hyl{gdh ko G``ldhjl{l omQh`l* |uo el yuajgdlkh rlqglt haqlt thaqo oj
ylyoj koj ot{qçt hgkl{grh om jl tomtgagjgklk l`agom{lj
 
V<* 1P
!
Ylql eldoq m kglnmôt{gdh ko ot{o tàmkqh`o ot modotlqgh otddelq yqg`oqh l jht yldgom{ot w roqgbgdlq tg otht tàm{h`lt `ochqlm ô kotlylqodom lj ljoclqto ko jltbom{ot ko qlkgldgôm ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl
‐* oyjgdô oj
yqhbothqAojyh``o 
Ylqlko`ht{qlq tg jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht thm jl dlutl qolj ko jlt lj{oqldghmotomdhm{qlklt om ot{ht yldgom{ot* jht yldgom{ot {urgoqhm |uo qoyo{gq jlt yquoalt lm{ot wkotyuçt ko um yoqàhkh ko {qot `otot ko ljocl`gom{h ko jlt buom{ot ko qlkgldgômojod{qh`lnmç{gdl Jht qotuj{lkht `uot{qlm |uo
kotyuçt koj yoqàhkh ko org{ldgôm* jhtmgrojot {gomkom l mhq`ljgslqto
Klkl jl
buoq{o dhqqojldgôm omdhm{qlkl yhq togt ot{ukght oygko`ghjôngdht thaqo jl oyhtgdgôm l jlt qlkgldghmot ojod{qh`lnmç{gdlt w jl omboq`oklk ko Ljseog`oq
* ojyqhb Aojyh``o dqoo |uo
l {hkh yldgom{o ojod{qhtomtgajo dhm lj{oqldghmot ko jl`o`hqgl koao kotdlq{ìqtojo oj ylkodg`gom{h ko jl omboq`oklk ko Ljseog`oq 
 Gmtgt{o omkot{ldlq oj eodeh ko |uo ojLjseog`oq ot uml yçqkgkl ko `o`hqgl l jlqnh yjlsh *`gom{qlt |uo oj tàmkqh`o ko gm{hjoqlmdgl ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl l `omukh g`yjgdl jl yçqkgklko `o`hqgl l dhq{h yjlsh *
 
 yoqh ot{o tàm{h`l yuoko
 
toq dhmtgkoqlkh dh`h
 
uml
 
dhmkgdgôm
 
 yqo- Ljseog`oq 
Oj
yqhbothq Hjjo Chelmtthm
* yqhbothq lthdglkh ko jl _mgklk ko Koq`l{hjhnàlOyoqg`om{lj koj Koylq{l`om{h ko Mouqhdgomdglt koj Gmt{g{u{h Flqhjgmtfl w yqhbothq kojGmt{g{u{h Qolj ko [odmhjhnàl ko Ot{hdhj`h* dhmboqomdgô om Qh`l thaqo
!Oj yqgmdgygh ko yqodludgôm3 ko jl Aghgmg{g{gro lj dhmtomth ko Tojo{um! 
 Kokgdô tu dhmboqomdgl l jltyoqthmlt lbod{lklt yhq jl gm{hjoqlmdgl ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl w oj tàmkqh`o ko tomtgagjgklk|uà`gdl `ój{gyjo yhq|uo !{gomom uml rgkl `uw kgbàdgj!Çj ot
umh ko jht dgom{àbgdht `ìt kokgdlkht l jl yqh`hdgôm ko jlt muorltkgqod{qgdot ko tonuqgklk
altlklt om jl aghjhnàl ko jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht
@G OT[QOJJL KO @LQ ~~~`g-ot{qojjl-ko-`lqajhntyh{dh`(1 ko ?
 
Ldukgô l Aomorom{h ylql jl qothjudgôm GDO@T om 1992* juonh l Jhmkqot om 199> ylqluml muorl qothjudgôm* w {l`agçm buo `go`aqh koj nquyh ko dgom{àbgdht gmkoyomkgom{ot|uo yuajgdô oj bl`hth Gmbhq`o AghGmg{gl{gro om 199>* |uo {urh um odh g`yhq{lm{o om jllnomkl yhjà{gdl Ko eodeh* nqldglt l ot{o gmbhq`o oj
Ylqjl`om{h Ouqhyoh
bgq`ô uml
qothjudgôm oj ; ko toy{go`aqo ko 1995*
ylql oyhmoq |uo jht jà`g{ot ko tonuqgklkld{ulj ylql jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht %DO@' ot{ìm hathjo{ht w ylql lkroq{gq l jhtnhagoqmht ko jl _O thaqo oj gmdqo`om{h ko muorlt omboq`oklkot ko hqgnom l`agom{ljdh`h jl gm{hjoqlmdgl ojod{qh`lnmç{gdl %OET'* oj tàmkqh`o ko tomtgagjgklk |uà`gdl`ój{gyjo %T\@' w oj tàmkqh`o ko jlt l`ljnl`lt kom{ljot ko `oqduqgh@ìt qodgom{o`om{o* oj yqhb Chelmtthm bhq`ô ylq{o koj nquyh ko dgom{àbgdht |uo ojlahqôoj
Dhmtomth ko Tojo{um
* yuajgdlkh om boaqoqh yltlkh* dhm jlt qorgtghmot thaqo TljukL`agom{lj
V4P
Om çj to gmkgdl |uo jlt mhq`lt ld{uljot mh yqh{onom l jl yhajldgôm`umkglj ko jht dl`yht ojod{qh`lnmç{gdht w |uo çt{ht koaom qokudgqto wl* om junlq kootyoqlq l jlt orgkomdglt kobgmg{grlt ko yojgnqh [l`agçm ot{lajodo |uo koaoqàldhmtgkoqlqto jl gmdlyldgklk bumdghmlj l jlt yoqthmlt |uo l|uoclm tàm{h`lt koojod{qhtomtgagjgklkOm
Tuodgl 
* yhq oco`yjh* jl OET* jl T\@ h jl bgaqh`gljngl wl ot{ìm djltgbgdlklt dh`hgmdlyldgklkot jlahqljot Ot{h tgnmgbgdl |uo jlt yoqthmlt lbod{lklt yhq ot{ltdhmkgdghmot mh thm dhmtgkoqlklt omboq`lt* yoqh
oj l`agom{o jot yqhkudo
 
jg`g{ldghmot* yhq jh |uo oj l`agom{o {gomo |uo toq dl`aglkh
Ot{o {gyh kodjltgbgdldgôm qoyqotom{l jl dhmdqodgôm yjoml ko jl
Dhmromdgôm ko jlt Mldghmot _mgkltthaqo jht Koqodeht ko jlt Yoqthmlt dhm Kgtdlyldgklk
* bgq`lkh yhq jht nhagoqmht oj49 ko `lqsh ko 199>
Ot{o dhmromgh koaoqàl toq tubgdgom{o ylql hajgnlq l {hkht jht nhagoqmht l omdhm{qlq oj o`yjlsl`gom{h lkodulkh w jlt `ochqot ot{ql{onglt ko agomot{lq ylql jlt yoqthmlt dhmtomtgagjgklk l`agom{lj w yhmoq bgm l jl kgtdqg`gmldgôm
V<P Ko Judl D o{ lj
Aghjhngdlj kobgmg{ghm hb `uj{gyjo deo`gdlj tomtg{grg{w bqh` qokh t{l{olmk dw{hfgmo yqhbgjgmn lmk mh{ bqh` yhjw`hqyegt`t hb omhagh{gd-`o{lahjgsgmn omsw`ot
[hgdhjhnw lmk Lyyjgok Yelq`ldhjhnw* W[LLY-<<5<56 M³ hb ylnot3 56 ;DV1P Ko Judl D o{ lj
[eo Tolqde bhq Qojglajo Agh`lqfoqt hb Kgtolto gm @uj{gyjoDeo`gdlj Tomtg{grg{w lmk H{eoq Omrgqhm`om{lj Gm{hjoqlmdot
 Gm{ C Omrgqhm Qot YuajgdEolj{e 19<<* 5* 1>>9-1>7>6 khg3<94479(gcoqye59>1>>9V4P Bqlnhyhujhu L o{ lj
Tdgom{gbgd ylmoj hm ojod{qh`lnmo{gd bgojk eolj{e qgtft3dhmtomtut yhgm{t* qodh``omkl{ghmt lmk ql{ghmljot
 Qor Omrgqhm Eolj{e 19<9 Hd{-Kod61?%;'349>-<>
--------------------------------------
[OU[H OM GMNJÇT
Ojod{qh`lnmo{gd Ewyoqtomtg{grg{w lmk @uj{gyjo Deo`gdljTomtg{grg{w3 {~h bldo{t hb {eo tl`o `oklj8
 
Yhq3 Bqlmdotdl Qh`lml Hqjlmkh* chuqmljgt{ lmk Rgdo Yqotgkom{ hb L@GDLToroqlj oyoq{t bqh` kgbboqom{ Ouqhyolm dhum{qgot lnqoo {el{ Ojod{qh`lnmo{gdEwyoqtomtg{grg{w gt l qolj* yewtgdlj gjjmott lmk bhq th`o hb {eo` {egt dhmkg{ghm too`t {hao t{qgd{jw qojl{ok {h @uj{gyjo Deo`gdlj Tomtg{grg{w %@DT' [egt gt ~el{ dl`o hu{ bqh` {eo
@G OT[QOJJL KO @LQ ~~~`g-ot{qojjl-ko-`lqajhntyh{dh`(4 ko ?
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