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Chapter 1
Objectives
• Use a periodic table to name elements, given their symbols.
(Duh)
Point of interest
• The periodic table has only recently been put into
common use
• Why is that?
Types of Elements
Metals
• A metal is an element that is a good electrical
conductor and a good heat conductor.
• Properties of metals
• most are solids at room temperature
• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled
into thin sheets
• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire
• conduct electricity and heat well
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Types of Elements
• Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals
Types of Elements
Nonmetals
• A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of
heat and electricity.
• Properties of nonmetals
• many are gases
• solids are brittle
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
Types of Elements
• Various nonmetal elements
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Types of Elements
Metalloids
• A metalloid is an element that has some
characteristics of metals and some characteristics of
nonmetals.
• Properties of metalloids
• all metalloids are solids at room temperature
• semiconductors of electricity
Types of Elements
Noble Gases
• elements in Group 18 of the periodic table
• generally unreactive
• gases at room temperature
A note on Noble Gases
• Remember, argon was the substance used to
contain the cesium and rubidium
• Only the unreactive environment provided by
noble gases can contain cesium and rubidium
Multiple Choice
1. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce
magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The
reactants in this reaction are
Multiple Choice
1. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce
magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. The
reactants in this reaction are
Multiple Choice
• Matter that has a definite shape and a definite
volume is
A. a liquid.
B. an element.
C. a solid.
D. a gas.
Multiple Choice
• Matter that has a definite shape and a definite
volume is
A. a liquid.
B. an element.
C. a solid.
D. a gas.
Multiple Choice
• We know that air is a mixture and not a compound
because
Multiple Choice
• We know that air is a mixture and not a compound
because
Multiple Choice
4. Matter can be defined as anything that
A. has weight.
B. has mass and volume.
C. is uniform throughout.
D. exhibits both chemical and physical properties.
Multiple Choice
4. Matter can be defined as anything that
A. has weight.
B. has mass and volume.
C. is uniform throughout.
D. exhibits both chemical and physical properties.
Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is best classified as a
homogeneous mixture?
A. pizza
B. blood
C. hot tea
D. copper wire
Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is best classified as a
homogeneous mixture?
A. pizza
B. blood
C. hot tea
D. copper wire
Multiple Choice
1. A compound differs from a mixture in that a
compound
Multiple Choice
1. A compound differs from a mixture in that a
compound
Multiple Choice
7. Which of the following is not a physical state of
matter?
A. solid
B. gas
C. element
D. liquid
Multiple Choice
7. Which of the following is not a physical state of
matter?
A. solid
B. gas
C. element
D. liquid
Multiple Choice
8. Three of the following must contain two or more kinds
of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more
kinds of atoms?
A. element
B. compound
C. homogeneous mixture
D. heterogeneous mixture
Multiple Choice
8. Three of the following must contain two or more kinds
of atoms. Which one does not contain two or more
kinds of atoms?
A. element
B. compound
C. homogeneous mixture
D. heterogeneous mixture
Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following symbols does not match the
element name given?
A. Al, aluminum
B. Co, copper
C. K, potassium
D. P, phosphorus
Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following symbols does not match the
element name given?
A. Al, aluminum
B. Co, copper
C. K, potassium
D. P, phosphorus
Short Answer
10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether
each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give
three examples of compounds.
Short Answer
10. Give three examples of mixtures, and tell whether
each one is homogeneous or heterogeneous. Give
three examples of compounds.
Short Answer
11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we
observe the following properties. Tell whether each
one is a chemical property or a physical property.
A. Its mass is 124.3 g.
B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature.
C. It is easily etched by nitric acid.
D. It melts when heated to 670°C.
E. It is 31.7 centimeters long.
F. It is a good heat conductor.
G. It burns in air.
H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy.
Short Answer
11. In trying to identify a sample of a pure substance, we
observe the following properties. Tell whether each
one is a chemical property or a physical property.
A. Its mass is 124.3 g. physical property
B. It is a shiny solid at room temperature. physical property
C. It is easily etched by nitric acid. chemical property
D. It melts when heated to 670°C. physical property
E. It is 31.7 centimeters long. physical property
F. It is a good heat conductor. physical property
G. It burns in air. chemical property
H. It is a good conductor of electrical energy. physical
property
Extended Response
12. Describe the difference between a chemical change
and a physical change. Give one example of each
kind of change.
Extended Response
12. Describe the difference between a chemical change
and a physical change. Give one example of each
kind of change.
Extended Response
13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids.
Extended Response
13. Describe general properties of metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids.
Answer:
metals: shiny; good conductors of heat; good conductors of
electricity; malleable or ductile; most are solids at room
temperature
nonmetals: poor conductors of heat; poor conductors of
electricity; many are gases at room temperature; those that are
solids are brittle rather than malleable or ductile
metalloids: properties intermediate between those of metals and
nonmetals; less malleable than metals but not as brittle as solid
nonmetals; most are semiconductors of electricity
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