Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GCE
January 2008
Publications Code UA019777
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Edexcel Ltd 2008
Contents
General Introduction p ii
Unit Codes and Unit Titles p iii
General Information p iv
Mark Schemes
The schemes in this document are the final mark schemes used by the examiners in this
examination and include the amendments made at the meeting. They do not include any details
of the discussions that took place in the meeting, nor do they include all of the possible
alternative answers or equivalent statements that were considered to be worthy of credit.
It is emphasised that these mark schemes are working documents that apply to these papers in
this examination. Every effort is made to ensure a consistent approach to marking from one
examination to another but each marking point has to be judged in the context of the
candidates' responses and in relation to the other questions in the paper. It should not be
assumed that future mark schemes will adopt exactly the same marking points as this one.
Edexcel cannot under any circumstances discuss or comment informally on the marking of
individual scripts. Any enquiries about the marks awarded to individual candidates can be
dealt with only through the official Enquiry about Results procedure.
ii
Unit Codes and Unit Titles
These Mark Schemes cover the units offered in this examination for Advanced Subsidiary
Biology and Biology (Human) (8040 and 8042) and Advanced Biology and Biology (Human)
(9040 and 9042). The units available in this examination series for the complete
qualifications are listed in the table below.
Cashing in
The following tables show the units that must be taken in order to obtain an award for AS or
Advanced GCE Biology, or for AS or Advanced GCE Biology (Human).
Advanced Subsidiary
Advanced GCE
iii
GENERAL INFORMATION
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed out work can be ignored. If the
candidate has crossed out work but written no new text, the crossed out work for that question or part
question should be marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs but not subsequently.
The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in later parts of the question by correct
reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers, except for the essays in
the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into account as follows:
• the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be unambiguous
e.g. for amylase, ‘ammalase’ is acceptable whereas ‘amylose’ is not
e.g. for glycogen, ‘glicojen’ is acceptable whereas ‘glucagen’ is not
e.g. for ileum, ‘illeum’ is acceptable whereas ‘ilium’ is not
e.g. for mitosis, ‘mytosis’ is acceptable whereas ‘meitosis’ is not
• candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
• a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same part of an answer gains
no mark – irrelevant material should be ignored
iv
Unit 1 (6101)
Question Answer Mark
Number
1
Statement Glycogen Cellulose
Consists of ß glucose X 9
Is a branched molecule 9 X
2 1. (simple ) diffusion ;
2. facilitated diffusion ;
3. active transport ;
4. ATP ; 4
1
Question Answer Mark
Number
3 (a)(ii) hydrolysis ; 1
3 (b) H
H O
N C C
H CH2 OH
OH ; 1
2
Question Answer Mark
Number
3
Question Answer Mark
Number
5 (a)(iii) 2/3 ; 1
4
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. divided by 50 000 ;
3. correct length in µm ; 3
6 (b)(iii) {resolution not high enough / eq} / damage / {angle of section / eq} / {poor
printing of photograph / eq} ; 1
5
Question Answer Mark
Number
4. the more {copper ions / inhibitor} the more active sites are blocked ;
max
5. reduces enzyme activity / eq ; 3
6
Question Answer Mark
Number
7 (d)(ii) idea that the {maximum rate/ Vmax} (with copper ions present) is lower (than
without inhibitor) / if it was active site-directed it would take longer to reach
same maximum rate ; 1
7
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (a) A phosphate
B deoxyribose ; 1
8 (b)(ii)
1. a purine always bonds to a pyrimidine ;
2. % thymine must equal % adenine / eq ;
3. guanine and cytosine must make up rest of molecule / eq ;
max
4. % guanine = % cytosine / eq ; 3
8
Question Answer Mark
Number
9
Unit 2B (6102)
1 1. monocytes ;
2. antibodies / immunoglobulins ;
3. eosinophils / basophils ;
4. nucleus ; 4
10
Question Answer Mark
Number
5. increases diffusion ;
11
Question Answer Mark
Number
amylase ;
glucose and
galactose ;
sucrose ; sucrase ;
4
12
Question Answer Mark
Number
5. oxygen diffuses out of {blood / red cells / capillaries} (to heart max
muscle) ; 3
5. idea that the impulse travels to ventricles via {bundle of His / max
Purkyne tissue / eq} ; 3
13
Question Answer Mark
Number
NB paired points
2. to attach to substrate / eq ;
NB paired points
14
Question Answer Mark
Number
6 (a) 1. insect ;
4. to attract insects ;
15
Question Answer Mark
Number
3. which is waterproof / eq ;
16
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (a) E D C B A ;;
NB All correct = 2 marks, 1 error (i.e. one letter out of sequence) = 1 mark 2
8 (b) (i) 46 ;
(ii) 23 ; 2
17
Unit 2H (6112)
1 1. monocytes ;
2. antibodies / immunoglobulins ;
3. eosinophils / basophils ;
4. nucleus ; 4
18
Question Answer Mark
Number
5. increases diffusion ;
19
Question Answer Mark
Number
amylase ;
glucose and
galactose ;
sucrose ; sucrase ;
4
20
Question Answer Mark
Number
5. oxygen diffuses out of {blood / red cells / capillaries} (to heart max
muscle) ; 3
5. idea that the impulse travels to ventricles via {bundle of His / max
Purkyne tissue / eq} ; 3
21
Question Answer Mark
Number
5 (a) Frostbite:
Trench foot:
22
Question Answer Mark
Number
23
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. solar radiation ; 2
5. increased haemoglobin ;
24
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (a) E D C B A ;;
all correct = 2 marks, 1 error (i.e. one letter out of sequence) = 1 mark 2
8 (b) (i) 46 ;
(ii) 23 ; 2
25
Unit 3 Paper 3 (6103/03)
26
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. reference to respiration ; 2
2 (b)(i) photosynthesis ; 1
642.2 x 106 ha ; 2
27
Question Answer Mark
Number
28
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. light duration / eq ;
3. light wavelength ;
4. temperature ;
6. pH ;
max
7. named aquatic pollutant ; 2
29
Question Answer Mark
Number
3 (c)(ii) 1. idea that {more leaves / detritus / eq} added with distance from
source / more leaves shed in winter / (more dead material because)
algae die down in winter ;
30
Unit 4 Core (6104)
C = cerebellum ; 2
6. reference to speech ;
max
7. reference to {personality / emotion} ; 2
31
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. effect is slower / eq ;
32
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. therefore {more Na+ channels must open / more Na+ must enter} ;
max
3. to reach threshold level / eq ; 2
33
Question Answer Mark
Number
4 (b)(ii) rate is constant (throughout the 20 minutes) / rate is slower in sucrose than
in glucose (in first 6 to 8 minutes) / respiration does not stop ; 1
4 (b)(iii)
1. to prevent oxygen entering (solution) / keep conditions anaerobic ;
34
Question Answer Mark
Number
35
Question Answer Mark
Number
4. by diffusion ;
36
Unit 4A (6104/01)
37
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. between 1985 and (some of) 1988 more cases were caused by
Staphylococcus ;
7 (b)
Endotoxin Exotoxin
Lipopolysaccharide protein ;
Released from dead released from living bacteria / eq ;
bacteria/damaged cell wall
Delay in release immediate release ;
Low toxicity / eq high toxicity ;
Released from gram positive released from Gram negative and max
Gram positive ; 2
38
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (c) (48-36) ;
39
Question Answer Mark
Number
2. could have seen more colonies (on any one plate) as contaminants grew
too / could have seen colonies on plates where none were found before
as the contaminants could grow at these pHs / could have seen fewer
colonies due to inhibition/competition ;
6. fewer colonies seen due to bacteria on top of each other / inaccurate max
counting due to overcrowding in one place ; 4
40
Unit 4B (6104/02)
41
Question Answer Mark
Number
7 (b) 1. obesity ;
2. genetic ;
3. viral infection ;
4. high fat ;
5. high calorie ;
6. high sugar ;
max
7. reference to less insulin / inactivity of insulin ; 2
42
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (d)(i) 0.73-0.07 ;
/0.07 x 100 ; 2
43
Question Answer Mark
Number
5. there is still some vitamin C left in the chilled vegetables at the end of
20 days ;
max
6. comparative manipulation of figures to give quantitative comparisons ; 3
2. DCPIP is a dye ;
44
Unit 4C (6104/03)
45
Question Answer Mark
Number
46
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (a) 1. age;
2. gender;
3. level of fitness / eq ;
5. diet / weight ;
6. heart conditions / eq ;
8. drugs ;
max
9. height / eq ; 2
2. / 1000 ;
3. subtraction = 0.71 ; 3
2. systolic increases ;
5. diastolic decreases ;
47
Question Answer Mark
Number
9 (a) A alveolus
B blood vessel
C bronchiole ;;
9 (b)(i) 1. number of deaths greater in men than women (in all years) ;
2. between 1930 and 1960 increase in death rate in men but {stayed
constant in women / only increased slightly} ;
3. between 1960 and 1980/1990 death rate increased in men and women ;
5. after 1990 number of deaths fell in men but still rose in women ;
max
6. manipulated comparative quantitative comment ; 3
2. radiotherapy ;
max
3. chemotherapy ; 2
48
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Order Code UA 019777 January 2008
49