S liu kinh t v m

Cc mc tiu kinh t v m, vai tr ca chnh ph Tnh thu nhp quc dn Cc loi ch s lm pht

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Cc mc tiu kinh t v m
Chc nng c bn ca nn kinh t: - Sn xut hng ho, dch v no? - Hng ho dch v c sn xut nh th no? - Sn xut hng ho cho ai - c phn chia nh th no?

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Cc mc tiu kinh t v m
Mc tiu sn lng Mc tiu vic lm Mc tiu n nh gi c Mc tiu kinh t i ngoi Phn phi cng bng

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T chc nn kinh t
Nn kinh t tp qun truyn thng: - Sn xut ci g, nh th no, cho ai c quyt nh theo tp qun truyn thng, c truyn t th h trc sang th h sau. Nn kinh t ch huy - k hoch ho tp trung: - Chnh ph ra mi quyt nh v sn xut v phn phi. Nn kinh t th trng: - Cc chc nng c bn ca nn kinh t c thc hin thng qua th trng (tng tc gia h gia nh, doanh nghip). Nn kinh t hn hp: Cc chc nng ca nn kinh t c thc hin thng qua th trng, cc chnh sch ca chnh ph.
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Vai tr ca chnh ph
Chnh ph: Sn xut v tiu th hng ho, dch v Chc nng ca chnh ph: - m bo hiu qu - m bo cng bng - m bo n nh

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Tnh tng sn lng quc dn

Thu nhp v chi tiu ca nn kinh t lun phi bng nhau

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Thu nhp v chi tiu ca nn kinh t lun bng nhau

V tng th nn kinh t: thu nhp phi bng vi chi tiu:
Mi giao dch u c ngi mua v ngi bn. Mi n v tin t trong chi tiu ca ngi mua cng l mt n v tin t trong thu nhp ca ngi bn.

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Tng sn phm quc ni GDP

GDP - Gross domestic product l thc o thu nhp v chi tiu ca nn kinh t, c gi tr l tng gi tr th trng ca tt c hng ho v dch v cui cng c sn xut ra trn phm vi mt quc gia trong mt thi k nht nh.

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Biu 1: M hnh hai khu vc

Th trng Doanh thu Hng ho v dch v c bn Hng ho v Dch v Hng bn H gia nh mua Chi tiu =GDP Hng ho v dch v c mua

Hng Sn xut v bn hng ho v dch v Thu,s dng yu t sn xut

H gia nh Mua v tiu dng hng ho v dch v S hu v bn cc yu t sn xut

Nhn t sn xut

Th trng Cc yu t sn xut

Lao ng t ai, vn Thu nhp = chu chuyn u vo v u ra = chu chuyn tin

Lng, a t, li sut, li nhun = GDP

H gia nh bn Hng mua

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M hnh hai khu vc

GDP = C + I = W + i + r + p

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M hnh ba khu vc
H gia nh: thu nhp t cc yu t sn xut lng, a t, li sut, li nhun Chnh ph: thu nhp t cc khon thu, chi tiu cho cc d n cng cng Doanh nghip (hng): thu cc yu t sn xut t h gia nh.

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M hnh bn khu vc
GDP = C + I + G + X M = W + i + r + p +Te +K X: Xut khu M: Nhp khu N = X M = Xut khu rng

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Tng sn phm quc dn - GNP

Tng gi tr th trng hng ho, dch v cui cng m mt quc gia sn xut ra trong mt thi k nht nh. Hng ho v dch v do cng dn mt nc sn xut ra GNP = GDP + Thu nhp rng t ti sn nc ngoi

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Sn phm quc dn rng - NNP

NNP = GNP - K Thu nhp quc dn Y = NNP Te = GNP K Te Thu nhp kh dng: YD = Y Td + Tr Td: thu trc thu; Tr: Tr cp chnh ph

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Cc i lng thu nhp quc dn

Thu nhp Thu nhp Khu hao rng rng (K)

N GNP G I C GDP
Thu gin thu (Te)

NNP

Thu trc thu - Tr cp (TdTr)

YD=C+ S
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Cc i lng thu nhp quc dn

PA1.Trong m hnh hai khu vc: YD = Y; S = I ?? PA2. thu rng T = Te + Td Tr; K = 0; Trong m hnh bn khu vc: S + T + M = I + G + X => (T G) = (I S) + N

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GDP danh ngha

GDP danh ngha: l GDP tnh theo gi ti thi im xc nh GDP. V d: GDP danh ngha ca Vit Nam nm 2004 l 40 t USD c hiu l tng gi tr hng ho dch v cui cng c sn xut ra trn lnh th Vit Nam trong nm 2004, tnh theo gi nm 2004, l 40 t USD.

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GDP thc t
GDP thc t: l GDP tnh theo gi ca nm c s hay nm gc. V d: GDP thc t theo gi nm 1995 ca Vit Nam nm 2004 l 20 t USD c hiu l tng gi tr hng ho dch v cui cng c sn xut ra trn lnh th Vit Nam trong nm 2004, tnh theo gi nm 1995 l 20 t USD

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Bng 1: GDP danh ngha, GDP thc t

Vit Nam ch sn xut go v du th Gi nm c s 1995 Gi nm 2004 Gi nm 2005 Sn lng nm 2004 GDP danh ngha 2004 GDP thc t 2004 (gi ca nm c s 1995) Sn lng nm 2005 GDP danh ngha 2005 GDP thc t 2005 (gi ca nm c s 1995) Thay i GDP danh ngha 2005/2004 Tng trng thc t 2005/2004 Go (tn) 1 t USD/tn 2 t USD/tn 2,5 t USD/tn 5 tn Du th (tn) 2 t USD/tn 4 t USD/tn 4,5 t USD/tn 7,5 tn

40 t USD (= 5 x 2 + 7,5 x 4) 20 t USD (= 5 x 1 +7,5 x 2) 6 tn 8 tn

51 t USD (= 6 x 2,5 + 8 x 4,5) 22 t USD (=6 x 1 + 8 x 2) (51-40)/40x100%=27,5% (22-20)/20x100%=10%

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 ngha ca vic tnh GDP thc t v danh ngha

Cho bit thay i GDP danh ngha v tng trng thc t, i lng cn quan tm trong kinh t v m l tng trng thc t c tnh n yu t gi hay yu t lm pht. Biu 3: GDP Vit Nam giai on 1989-2002
160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 GDP
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USD

1998

2000

2002

Ch s iu chnh GDP - GDPdef

Ch s iu chnh GDP - GDPdef o s thay i gi ca tt c hng ho v dch v trong GDP qua cc nm. GDPdef = (GDP danh ngha/GDP thc t)x100 Iji = (GDPdef-j - GDPdef-i )/GDPdef-i x 100%
Bng 2: Ch s iu chnh GDP GDPdef-1995 16/16 x 100 = 100 GDPdef-2004 GDPdef-2005 Lm pht 2004/1995 Lm pht 2005/2004 40/20 x 100 = 200 51/22 x 100 = 231,8 (200100)/100 x 100% = 100% (231,8200)/200 x 100% = 15,9%
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Ch s gi tiu dng - CPI

Ch s CPI o s thay i gi hng ho dch v m ngi tiu dng mua v phi tr trong qu trnh tiu dng. CPIi l ch s gi tiu dng nm i, Cii l tng chi tiu cho tiu dng nm i tnh theo gi nm i, Cig l tng chi tiu cho tiu dng nm i tnh theo gi nm gc, nm c s, Ij/i l t l lm pht nm j so vi nm i.

CPIi

Cii x100 Cig

I j /i

CPIj CPI i CPIi

100%

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Bng 3: Ch s gi tiu dng - CPI

Vit Nam ch sn xut v tiu dng go v xng Tiu dng Gi nm c s 1995 Gi nm 2004 Gi nm 2005 Tng chi tiu nm 1995 Tng chi tiu nm 2004 Tng chi tiu nm 2005 CPI1995 CPI2004 CPI2005 Lm pht 2005/2004 Go (tn) 4 tn 1 t USD/tn 2 t USD/tn 2,5 t USD/tn Xng (tn) 6 tn 2 t USD/tn 4 t USD/tn 4,5 t USD/tn

16 t USD (= 4 x 1 + 6 x 2) 32 t USD (= 4 x 2 + 6 x 4) 37 t USD (= 4 x 2,5 + 6 x 4,5) 16/16 x 100 = 100 32/16 x 100 = 200 37/16 x 100 = 231,25 I2005/2004 = (CPI2005 - CPI2004)/ CPI2004 x 100% = (231,25-200)/200 x 100% =15,625%
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 ngha ca cc loi ch s
L c s cho vic tnh ton mc tng trng thc ca nn kinh t L c s cho vic thc thi cc chnh sch kinh t. L ch s quan trng i vi hot ng ca nn kinh t.

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 PA1. Ti sao thu nhp ca nn kinh t li ng bng chi tiu cho nn kinh t? PA2. Ti sao gi tr sn lng hay GDP bng tng thu nhp? PA3. Phn bit chi tiu mua sm hng ho v dch v ca chnh ph v cc loi chuyn khon. PA4. Nm 2005, B m bn mua mt chic mt Honda mi tng bn nhn dp bn thi vo HVQHQT. Nm nay bn khng thch chic xe v bn cho ngi khc. Giao dch trn ca bn nh hng nh th no ti GDP nm 2005? PA5. Phng php tnh thu nhp theo chi tiu? theo chi ph?
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 PA6. Cch tnh ch s iu chnh GDP PA7. Cch tnh ch s gi tiu dng GDP PA8. Ti sao cc nh kinh t li s dng GDP thc t nh gi phc li kinh t? PA9. ngha ca cc loi ch s danh ngha, ch s thc? Khi no th s dng CPI v khi no th s dng GDPdef? PA10. Cc ng nht thc kinh t v m quan trng: S = I, (T G) = (I S) + N ni ln iu g trong vic theo ui cc chnh sch kinh t v m?
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