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TQM - Capability Analysis - Histogram
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
1
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
Process
Capability
Analysis
(Histogram)
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
Normality and Customer
specifications
• We have studied that the data should be
normally distributed.
• Lets place supplier specification limits on
normally distributed histogram.
• Next chart shows Histogram of soft drink
filled in 250 ml bottles. It is a normally
distribution.
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
254
252
250
248
246
Medi an
Mean
250.2
250.1
250.0
249.9
249.8
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
V ariance
5.97
Skew ness
-0.00000
Kurtosis
-1.07147
N
690
Minimum
246.00
A -Squared
1st Quartile
248.00
Median
250.00
3rd Quartile
252.00
Maximum
254.00
95% Confidence I nterv al for Mean
249.82
9.66
250.18
95% Confidence I nterv al for Median
250.00
250.00
95% Confidence I nterv al for StDev
2.32
2.58
P-Value <
0.005
Mean
250.00
StDev
2.44
95% Confidence Intervals
Summary for Soft drink filled (ml)
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
Control Limits
• Suppose the supplier requirements were 250
+ & - 2 ml
• Putting limits on histogram shows liquid in
some bottles is out of specification limits.
• We calculate weather a process is capable
of meeting customer specifications or not?
TQM - Capability Analysis - Histogram
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
2
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
254
252
250
248
246
Medi an
Mean
250.2
250.1
250.0
249.9
249.8
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
V ariance
5.97
Skew ness
-0.00000
Kurtosis
-1.07147
N
690
Minimum
246.00
A -Squared
1st Quartile
248.00
Median
250.00
3rd Quartile
252.00
Maximum
254.00
95% Confidence I nterv al for Mean
249.82
9.66
250.18
95% Confidence I nterv al for Median
250.00
250.00
95% Confidence I nterv al for StDev
2.32
2.58
P-Value <
0.005
Mean
250.00
StDev
2.44
95% Confidence Intervals
Summary for Soft drink filled (ml)
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
== Deviation
=
=
4.00
14.64
Standard
0.27
2.44
6 X 2.44
52 - 48
PROCESS CAPABILITY
Cp
=
USL - LSL
6
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
USL - X
X - LSL
Smaller of the two values
3
3
OR
3 X 3.11
252 - 250
2
9.33
250-248
3 X 8.23
2
9.33
0.21
0.21
===
===
Cpk =
=
Process Capability Index
Irfan Rashid Farooqui
Measure capability
• If Cp or Cpk < 1, process not capable.
• If Cp or Cpk = 1, process tightly capable.
• If Cp or Cpk > 1.33 process is capable.
Best if Cp or Cpk = 2
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