Telecell-H - Technical Description

Telecell-H Technical Description
Wireless Local Loop
KRONE AG
Telecell-H
Telecell, Telecenter and Telelink are registered trademarks of KRONE
AG. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders
and are acknowledged.
The information given herein has been compiled as carefully as possible,
nonetheless errors and omissions may occur in this manual.
KRONE AG reserves the right to change specifications without notice.
KRONE AG
1993 1999
KRONE AG
Division WLL; GWM
Beeskowdamm 311
D-14167 Berlin
Germany
Tel: +49-30-8453-0
Fax: +49-30-8453-2225
Internet: www.telecell.de
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 i
Telecell-H
Technical Description
List of Contents
1 Version Control Information 1-1
2 Preface 2-1
3 Summary 3-1
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Applicational Areas 3-4
3.3 Telecell-H Advantages and Highlights 3-4
4 Overview over Complete System 4-1
4.1 System Components 4-1
4.2 The Significant System Functions 4-5
4.3 Interconnection to Overlay Network 4-6
4.3.1 PCM E&M 4-6
4.3.2 Telecenter-X 4-6
4.4 Upgrade Stages 4-9
4.5 Summary of Technical Data 4-11
5 Radio Signals 5-1
5.1 Frequency Band Structure and Access Procedure 5-1
5.2 Radio Transmission Parameters 5-4
5.3 Communication and Organisation Channels 5-5
6 Telecenter-H 6-1
6.1 Logical System Architecture 6-1
6.1.1 Communication Signal Path in the Transmission Direction (Switch to Air) 6-4
6.1.2 Communication Signal Path in Receiving Direction (Air to Switch) 6-6
6.1.3 Bus Systems 6-8
6.2 Telecenter-H Cabinets 6-8
6.2.1 GHF Cabinet 6-9
6.2.2 GVF Cabinet 6-12
6.2.3 GSV Cabinet 6-14
6.2.4 Compact Cabinet 6-16
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 ii
Telecell-H
6.3 Complete Block Diagrams 6-18
6.4 The Redundancy Concept 6-21
6.5 Telecenter-H Boards 6-21
6.5.1 Central Radio Controller FLS 6-22
6.5.2 Mass Memory Controller MSC 6-23
6.5.3 External Communication Controller KCT 6-23
6.5.4 Shelf Controller SCO 6-24
6.5.5 Voice and Tone Generator SPA 6-25
6.5.6 PCM30 Interface PCM 6-26
6.5.7 Communication and Organisation Channel Controller O/GKA 6-27
6.5.8 Splitter SVP and SVF 6-29
6.5.9 RF Section SKX, SKV, HYBS/HYBC and Antenna System 6-30
6.5.10 Service and Alarm Module SAC 6-31
6.5.11 Power Supply 6-32
6.5.12 Backplanes 6-34
6.6 Software 6-34
6.7 General Construction 6-36
6.7.1 Cabinets 6-36
6.7.2 Cooling 6-36
6.7.3 Cabling and Plugged Systems 6-37
6.7.4 Components 6-37
7 Telelink-H 7-1
7.1 Variants 7-1
7.2 Modules 7-2
8 Call Sequences 8-1
8.1 Incoming Call 8-1
8.2 Outgoing Call 8-3
8.3 Special Case: Priority Features 8-6
8.4 Link Tear-Down 8-7
8.5 Protection Against Unauthorised Access to Communication Channels 8-8
9 Operation, Service and Alarm Concept 9-1
9.1 Operation 9-3
9.2 Servicing 9-5
9.3 Alarm Concept 9-6
9.4 Monitoring of Radio Propagation Conditions 9-7
10 Technical Data 10-1
10.1 Telecell-H System 10-1
10.2 Radio System 10-2
10.3 Telecenter-H 10-4
10.4 Telelink-H 10-6
10.5 Options 10-8
11 Appendix 11-9
11.1 Notes Regarding System Selection 11-9
11.1.1 System Capacity 11-9
11.1.2 EIRP Charts 11-12
11.2 Technical Development and Trademarks 11-16
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 iii
Telecell-H
11.3 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 11-17
11.4 Index 11-23
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 iv
Telecell-H
List of Figures
Figure 3-1 The coverage of a given area with Telecell-H, cellular structure 3-2
Figure 3-2 Single Telecell-H system with connection to the overlay network 3-3
Figure 3-3 Connection of customer devices to the Telelink-H 3-3
Figure 4-1 Telecell-H basic configuration 4-3
Figure 4-2 Configuration example: One protocol converter, multiple radio base stations 4-4
Figure 4-3 Customer-identical and concentrated interconnections 4-8
Figure 4-4 Telecenter-H Compact 4-10
Figure 4-5 Telecenter-H Standard 4-11
Figure 4-6 Telecenter-H cabinet, dimensions (in mm) 4-14
Figure 4-7 Telelink-H 2, dimensions (in mm) 4-14
Figure 5-1 Telelink-H transmission (lower frequency) band structure 5-2
Figure 5-2 FDM baseband structure 5-3
Figure 5-3 Telecenter-H transmission (upper frequency) band sum signal 5-4
Figure 6-1 Telecenter-H, logical system architecture 6-3
Figure 6-2 Signal processing in the communication channel path, transmission direction 6-5
Figure 6-3 Signal processing in the communication channel path, receive direction 6-7
Figure 6-4 GHF cabinet 6-10
Figure 6-5 GVF cabinet 6-13
Figure 6-6 GSV cabinet 6-15
Figure 6-7 Compact cabinet 6-17
Figure 6-8 Telecenter-H Standard, block diagram at board level 6-19
Figure 6-9 Telecenter-H Compact, block diagram at board level 6-20
Figure 6-10 Block diagram of power supply, Telecenter-H Standard 6-33
Figure 6-11 Block diagram of power supply, Telecenter-H Compact 6-33
Figure 6-12 Telecenter-H, temporary and permanent files 6-35
Figure 7-1 Telelink-H block diagram 7-4
Figure 8-1 Signalling procedures, incoming call 8-2
Figure 8-2 Signalling procedures, outgoing call 8-5
Figure 9-1 Administration and monitoring concept 9-2
Figure 9-2 Alarm concept 9-2
Figure 9-3 OMS screen (all menus open; image montage) 9-4
Figure 9-4 OMS sample screen (Transmitter and Receiver Parameters) 9-4
Figure 10-1 Telecenter-H cabinet, dimensions with doors open 10-4
Figure 10-2 Telelink-H 2, dimensions 10-6
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 v
Telecell-H
Figure 11-1 System capacity at 5% blocking probability 11-10
Figure 11-2 System capacity at 1% blocking probability 11-11
Figure 11-3 Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the frequency 11-12
Figure 11-4 Broadcasting radius Telelink-H as function of the frequency 11-13
Figure 11-5 Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the Telecenter-H antenna
height 11-13
Figure 11-6 Broadcasting radius Telelink-H as function of the Telecenter-H antenna
height 11-14
Figure 11-7 Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the Telelink-H antenna
height 11-14
Figure 11-8 Broadcasting Telelink-H as function of the Telelink-H antenna height 11-15
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 vi
Telecell-H
List of Tables
Table 1-1 List of valid pages 1-2
Table 5-1 Parameters and minimum conditions for radio transmission 5-5
Table 11-1 System capacity at 5% blocking probability 11-10
Table 11-2 System capacity at 1% blocking probability 11-11
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 vii
Telecell-H
KRONE Publications Regarding Telecell-H
Title Order No. (Docu-
ment)
Description
Telelink-H Installation 400 003 Installation, commissioning and service of
the Telelink-H
Includes Telelink-H 2 Drilling Schematics
(400 040) and Telelink-H Check-
list/Questionnaire for Site Survey and/or
Installation (400 039; in printed version
only)
Telecell-H Technical Description 400 013 Technical description of the Telecell-H sys-
tem
Telecenter-H Installation
400 015
Hardware installation and commissioning
of the Telecenter-H
Telecenter-H Operation and Main-
tenance System (OMS)
400 021 Operation, maintenance and service of the
Telecenter-H (software manual)
Telecenter-H SAC Module 400 038 Service, troubleshooting and alerting
setup using the module SAC (boards SCD
and SCDA)
Telelink-H 2 User Information 400 039 End user (telephone customer) informa-
tion about the Telelink-H
Telecenter-H Service Reference 400 044 Reference manual for Telecenter-H, in-
cluding LEDs, Connectors, Frequencies,
Jumpers etc.
Contents
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 viii
Telecell-H
Title Order No. (Docu-
ment)
Description
Testlink TL2-M (360 ... 490 MHz,
800 ... 900 MHz)
400 055 Operating instructions for field strength
Testlink TL2-M (sub-range of frequency
range 360 ... 490 MHz or 800 ... 900 MHz)
The table above may list manuals that are not yet available. KRONE AG
preserve the right to issue any manual on its own discretion.
Version Control Information
Chapter 1
KRONE AG, Document number 400 013.11, Issue Jnauary 1999 1-1
Telecell-H
1 Version Control Information
Page Current Edition Note
i viii September 1997
1-1 1-2 September 1997 .07: New Chapter (i.e. all following Chapters were counted up by one)
2-1 2-2 April 1997 .04: Update
3-1 3-5 November 1998 .10: Corrections on Figure 3-1 The coverage of a given area with Tele-
cell-H, cellular structure, Figure 3-2 Single Telecell-H system with
connection to the overlay network
.04: Update
4-1 4-14 November 1998 .10: Corrections on Figure 4-2 Configuration example: One protocol
converter, multiple radio base stations
.10, Section 4.1 System Components: Amendments on OMS
.10, Section 4.5 Summary of Technical Data: 60 V DC Telecenter-H
supply voltage added, available frequency range extended, MTBF
values corrected
.09, Section 4.3 Summary of Technical Data: Power consumption cor-
rected to 1300 W
.06, Page 3-12: Correction to 1.6 MHz bandwidth
.04: Update
5-1 5-6 September 1997 .06, Page 4-5: Correction to 1.6 MHz bandwidth
.04: Update
6-1 6-37 November 1998 .10: Corrections on Figure 6-1 Telecenter-H, logical system architec-
ture; Figure 6-8 Telecenter-H Standard, block diagram at board
level; Figure 6-9 Telecenter-H Compact, block diagram at board
level
.10, Section 6.2.3 GSV Cabinet: Amendment on configurations with-
out GSV cabinet
.10, Section 6.5.7 Communication and Organisation Channel Controller
O/GKA: Information added that O/GKA as organisation or commu-
nication channel controller is also distinguished by different firm-
ware
.09, Section 6.5.4 Shelf Controller SCO: Amendment on power supply
information (SCO/48 and SCO/+5)
.08 Section 6.5.11 Power Supply, Figure 6-10: Amended
.05, Page 5-23: Correction on MSC board description
.05, Page 5-32: Amendment regarding the SPS redundancy
.05: Name alteration (SCD/SCDA to SAC)
.04: Update
7-1 7-4 April 1997 .04: Update
Version Control Information
Chapter 1
Telecell-H
8-1 8-9 November 1998 .10: Corrections on Figure 8-1 Signalling procedures, incoming call and
Figure 8-2 Signalling procedures, outgoing call
.10, Section 8.2 Outgoing Call: Off-hook-Link can be specified for each
Telelink-H individually (not each Telecenter-H in total)
.09, Section 8.2 Outgoing Call: Information on immediate communi-
cation channel setup after off-hook of handset added
.04: Update
9-1 9-7 January 1999 .11, Section 9.1 Operation: OMS functions edited
.10, Chapter 9 Operation, Service and Alarm Concept: Amendments to
text and figures to mention Telecenter-X management system, op-
tional integration of OMS and Telecenter-X management system,
alarm concept with software TC Alarm for Windows
.06: Name alteration (SCD/SCDA to SAC)
.04: Update
10-1 10-8 November 1998 .10, Section 10.1 Telecell-H System: Correction on list of external inter-
faces
.10, Section 10.2 Radio System: Extension of available frequency
ranges
.10, Section 10.3 Telecenter-H: 60 V DC Telecenter-H supply voltage
added, correction on MTBF values
.10, Section Telelink-H 2: Correction on MTBF value
.10, Section 10.5 Options: Custom developments and Telecenter-X
added
.09, Section 10.3 Telecenter-H: Power consumption corrected to
1300 W; Max. antenna cable length corrected to 100 m
.08, Section 10.1: Antenna socket types amended
.04: Update
11-1 11-24 September 1997 .06: Name alteration (SCD/SCDA to SAC)
.05, Page 10-20: Amendment of abbreviation RSSI
.04: Update
Table 1-1
List of valid pages
First edition of manual: September 1994
Preface
Chapter 2
Telecell-H
2 Preface
Use of this manual
This manual describes the Telecell-H system, its functions and features in
great detail. It is intended for service technicians, as supplement to ten-
der documents and for any other person interested who has a technical
background.
It is not intended, that this manual is read starting on the very first page
and finishing at the very last one. Choose the information you need and
start reading there. Or stop reading, when you think the information
goes into too much detail.
Convention on the use of board names
Boards are named following the convention:
XXX
where XXX is a number of alpha digits, usually 3 or 4.
In this manual, a numerical digit may be added to the board name XXX,
e.g. FLS2. In such cases, the board name itself is FLS, the last numerical
digit refers to the primary (1) or secondary (2) board of a board that is
available redundantly.
Ongoing development
Due to ongoing development, KRONE reserves the right to change or
modify specifications without notice.
Preface
Chapter 2
Telecell-H
Disclaimer
The information given herein is compiled as carefully as possible, none-
theless errors and omissions may occur in this manual.
Warning
Because this manual describes the function of the system and does not con-
tain any instructions, no warning or caution notes are given. Before starting
any installation, operation, maintenance, service, repair or any other work
on any part of the system, refer to the appropriate instruction manual for warning and caution
notes.
Warning
!
Summary
Chapter 3
Telecell-H
3 Summary
3.1 Introduction
The telecommunication infrastructure is a key factor in the economic
development of a region since it is surely true that the access to overlay
networks is essential for trade and transport. Traditionally access to
public telecommunication or overlay networks was only possible using
line connections. Such solutions can however be very time-consuming
not only in the planning and implementation phases but they can also
be very difficult and hence costly to transplant due to the local condi-
tions and climate. This can lead to a significant extension of the amorti-
sation periods.
Because of the significant advantages, more and more network opera-
tors are changing over to connecting new customers to the overlay
network without wires. The Telecell-H system is just such a wireless local
loop network. It is flexible in its configuration and can thus be adapted
to very different requirements. The Telecell-H system thus provides the
possibility of having cost effective and short-term cellular solutions in
densely populated town areas, the supplementation of line-connected
systems in suburban areas and the complete coverage of country areas
and remote villages with telecommunication services for speech, fax
and data.
The most important elements of the Telecell-H system are:
B Telecenter-X, the protocol converter (and interface adaptation unit)
as necessary
B Telecenter-H, the Radio Base Station (RBS)
B Telelink-H, the customer terminal unit and the
B OMS, the Operation and Maintenance System
Summary
Chapter 3
Telecell-H
The Telecell-H system corresponds in all its characteristics with ITU-T
standards and can thus be integrated into almost any overlay network.
The network-side connection is preferably via a PCM30 interface.
Should this type not be available, a corresponding adaptation unit can
be supplied as part of the system. The coupling may be by copper cable,
optical fibre, microwave (radio relay) or via a satellite link.
At the local loop side the Telecell-H system permits a broad capacity
spectrum with something like 10 to 118 radio channels in one system
(technical minimum: 2 radio channels). If required two or more systems
can be linked providing a cellular structure.
SAT
Telecenter-X Telecenter-H Rural Stand alone
Suburban area
Fibre optic
C
o
p
p
e
r
c
a
b
l
e
Urban area
Figure 3-1
The coverage of a given area with Telecell-H, cellular structure
Summary
Chapter 3
Telecell-H
Line customers
Radio customers with Telelink-H
Telecenter-H
(radio base station)
Local exchange
+ Telecenter-X
(protocol conversion)
Trunk,
public
network
SAT SAT
Figure 3-2
Single Telecell-H system with connection to the overlay network
Telephone
Fax
Modem
Figure 3-3
Connection of customer devices to the Telelink-H
Summary
Chapter 3
Telecell-H
3.2 Applicational Areas
Coverage of town (urban) areas
Telecell-H can fully cover town areas (high customer density) in a cellular
structure with up to six pairs of frequency bands (see Figure 3-1). Net-
works for any number of customers can be implemented in this way.
Coverage of country (rural) areas
In country areas (low customer density) the system can cover up to 4000
customers in an area with a radius of up to 30 km (19 miles) by radio
communication.
Coverage of temporary facilities
Temporary facilities such as major building sites, exhibitions, industrial
and/or housing development areas and suchlike with rapidly increasing
or changing communication requirements can be covered and recon-
figured quickly and without any permanent commitment of resources.
Obviously, a mix of any and all of the configurations named above is
possible to cover a certain area depending on local conditions and re-
quirements.
3.3 Telecell-H Advantages and Highlights
Investment and costs
In the applications mentioned above, particularly in the country areas
and thinly-populated outlying districts, the connection costs for a cus-
tomer are normally lower than for traditional line connection. During
operation there are no repair costs for a cable network.
Installation
B Installed in significantly less time than line based networks
B Existing lines can continue to be operated on a previously available
switch or an optional switch which is supplied with the system.
B The Telecell-H can also be installed where a cable network can only
be installed with great difficulty, for example under extreme geo-
graphical, geological or climatic conditions
B Quasi-stationary facilities, external workplaces, building sites etc. can
be connected to a local or a company's own overlay network ("Cor-
porate Network") with minimum investment and minimum work
B A quasi-stationary Telecenter-H version, which is connected to the
overlay network by a telecommunication satellite can be set up and
Summary
Chapter 3
Telecell-H
a overlay network can be ready to operate in an underdeveloped
area within hours.
B Spatial separation of the protocol converter and the radio system is
feasible (remote operation), including the operation of several radio
base stations via one protocol converter
Operation
B Large area coverage
B Maintenance and servicing-friendly concept based on remote control
B Low power consumption overall and relative to each communication
channel
B Switching within the particular cell (with co-supplied optional
switch). This means lower traffic load on the overlay network (less
channels required between switches)
B Short times for call link setup. Customers cannot detect any differ-
ence with modern, analog wire connections.
Security
B Protection against unauthorised and chance penetration into the sys-
tem
B Protection against non-permitted or non-approved use of the system
Emergency operation
B Priority call access
B Disaster mode feature
Flexibility
B Modular structure and standardised assembly concept over all up-
grade stages. This provides simple extension and the continued use
of earlier investments.
B Open interfaces according to international standards for integration
into any other system.
B The modular structure permits adaptation to new interface stan-
dards
Overview over Complete System
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
4 Overview over Complete System
4.1 System Components
Telecenter-H
The Telecenter-H is the radio base station (RBS) of the Telecell-H system.
It is normally installed in the centre of the area to be covered. The func-
tions of the Telecenter-H are:
B The implementation, administration and allocation of radio chan-
nels.
B The control and administration of the system.
The Telecenter-H consists of the components:
B Radio channel controller
PCM30 E&M interface between the protocol converter Telecen-
ter-X and the analog radio system (2.048 Mbit/s, 30 time slots for
communication channels, 1 time slot for signalling and 1 time slot
for synchronising)
Central radio controller (communication channel administration
based on the call requests from the protocol converter and the
Telelinks as well as general system administration)
Individual communication channel control.
Modulation/Demodulation and frequency conversion of the
communication channel signals between AF band and FDM base
band (SSB) in transmission direction and FDMA IF band (FM) in re-
ceive direction
Implementation of the organisation channel for continuous
communication between Telecenter-H and Telelinks
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
B Transmitter/receiver
Telecenter-H air interface
VHF or UHF transmitter and power amplifier for transmitter signal
VHF or UHF receiver for receive signal
Hybrid field for the coupling/decoupling of the transmis-
sion/receive signals between the antenna and the rest of the sys-
tem
Modulation and frequency conversion of the FDM base band
(SSB) to the VHF or UHF transmit frequency band and of the re-
ceive frequency band (again VHF or UHF) to the FDMA IF band
(FM)
B Power supply
Interface between the Telecenter-H and the public power supply
network.
Implementation of the individual voltages as required by the
Telecenter-H components.
Emergency power supply if the mains power fails.
The power supply can be partly dispensed with if local telecommuni-
cation battery systems (48 V DC) are available.
Telecenter-X
The Telecenter-X interfaces the Telecenter-H with the overlay network.
The Telecenter-X in its standard version is the protocol converter to
adapt almost any overlay network interface protocol to the PCM30 pro-
tocol as needed by the Telecenter-H. The protocol converter is not a
fixed component of the Telecenter but selected according to the actual
requirements. Optional it also may perform switching functions and
connect line customers to the Telecell-H system. The Telecenter-X can be
installed independently at a location apart from the Telecenter-H, it
also may serve several Telecenter-H at once. Functions (as necessary):
B Interfacing with the overlay network
B Protocol conversion
B Switching unit
B Billing administration
B Handling of radio cell internal traffic.
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
PCM 4
PCM 3
PCM 2
PCM 1
1
2
118
117
PCM
Telelink-H (1) Telelink-H (n)
Telecenter-X
Telecenter-H
P
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
Transceiver
Controller
Tip/Ring
interface
Operation and
Maintenance
System
Radio control server
T
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
Switched power supply
with controller and
rechargeable batteries
Channel
controller
Overlay
network
Mains
Figure 4-1
Telecell-H basic configuration
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Telecenter-H
C
Telecenter-H
A
Telelink-H B-1
Telelink-H C-1
Telelink-H A-1
Telelink-H C-2
Telelink-H C-y
Telelink-H B-x Telelink-H C-x
Telelink-H B-y
Telelink-H A-n
Telelink-H A-2
Telelink-H C-z
PCM30
OMS
Tele-
center
-X
Telecenter-H
B
Overlay
network
Figure 4-2
Configuration example: One protocol converter, multiple radio base stations
Telelink-H
The Telelink-H, the customer terminal unit (CTU) for one or more tele-
phone customers, contains an integrated VHF or UHF transmission and
receiving facility including power supply and it permits the connection
of a standard telephone apparatus or other standard equipment on a
Western Standard Modular plug (RJ-11). The antenna can be fitted di-
rectly to the unit or if unfavourable reception conditions exist, it can be
installed remotely. The unit is designed for wall mounting. Internal bat-
tery back-up for uninterrupted operation even during a mains failure is
available as an optional extra.
Operation and Maintenance System
The Operation and Maintenance System (OMS) permits administration,
monitoring, servicing and troubleshooting of the Telecenter-H and the
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Telelink-H. Messages, alarms and system events can be viewed via the
OMS.
An OMS can be assigned to one or more Telecenter-H. With modem
operation it is spatially independent of the Telecenter-H and can thus
provide an operator working at a central location with access to all
Telecenter-H belonging to the telephone network operator.
Optionally the Operation and Maintenance System may be integrated
with the management system of the Telecenter-X (since the Telecenter-
X depends on actual project and the choice of interconnection possibili-
ties refer to Section 4.3.2 Telecenter-X , its management system as
well may vary from project to project).
Software
The Telecell-H is program controlled in all its components. The system
software required for this is distributed between the components and
boards (distributed intelligence).
Each board with control or administrative functions has its own firm-
ware, which is stored on the individual boards in EPROM.
The system and customer data are stored in non-volatile memory and
loaded from there during boot-up.
4.2 The Significant System Functions
The Telecell-H system operates a digital organisation channel and a
number of analog communication channels (up to 118 per system). Link
set-up from and to the radio customers is controlled via the organisa-
tion channel. Following a call request from a Telelink-H or the overlay
network, the Telecenter-H assigns a communication channel to the de-
sired link and prompts the Telelink-H to switch over to this channel.
Once a communication channel has been assigned to the customer, dif-
ferent types of modulation are used in this duplex channel for both
transmission directions.
In the transmission direction from Telelink-H to Telecenter-H the Tele-
cell-H uses the conventional narrow band frequency modulation and in
the direction to the Telelink-H it uses broad band FM. This procedure in-
creases the effort required for unauthorised specific call interception. To
further increase security from interception, Telecell-H uses speech band
scrambling. This makes the transmitted speech signal incomprehensible.
To prevent targeted penetration into a radio link, a customer ID is es-
tablished for each Telelink-H, the telephone number is never transmit-
ted and channel assignment takes place absolutely randomly.
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
All the standard tone signals and voice messages found in telecommu-
nication systems such as customer busy or number unobtainable
are generated by the Telecell-H system and fed to the link for both in-
coming and outgoing calls. The messages are available in several lan-
guages in every system (according to system operator request), the lan-
guage can be set via the Operation and Maintenance System.
All the functions are transparent to the customers, they receive the
same service quality as wire customers no matter whether it is a normal
telephone call, a fax or a data application. The Telecell-H system permits
group G3 fax transmissions and data transmission rates of up to 9600
bit/s. Operation of the terminals and the signalling procedure is abso-
lutely identical to wire connections.
Emergency calls to defined emergency numbers are prioritised; if all
communication channels are busy another call selected by random but
not prioritised in itself is terminated to permit the emergency call. Indi-
vidual Telelink-H units can also be prioritised (VIP priority), so that all call
requests from that particular Telelink-H are served (i.e. if necessary, an-
other call will be terminated).
4.3 Interconnection to Overlay Network
The interconnection of the Telecell-H to the overlay network may be
done:
B Directly between Telecenter-H and overlay network using the
PCM E&M interface as implemented in the Telecenter-H; refer to
Section 4.3.1 PCM E&M
B Via a protocol converter (and adaptation unit as necessary) Telecen-
ter-X converting almost any standard overlay network protocol to
PCM E&M; refer to Section 4.3.2 Telecenter-X
4.3.1 PCM E&M
The PCM E&M interface follows the PCM30 standard G.703 defining a
2.048 Mbit/s interface with a time division scheme of 32 time slots. The
time slots are set up as:
B 1 digital synchronisation channel (time slot 0; also called frame
alignment signal)
B 1 digital signalling channel (time slot 16)
B 30 digital communication channels (time slots 1 15, 17 32)
If there is available a PCM E&M interface at the local exchange (without
the optional CRC-4 check), this type of interface is the preferred one for
interconnecting the Telecell-H to the overlay network.
4.3.2 Telecenter-X
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
If a direct connection of the Telecenter-H to the overlay network is not
possible or not feasible, the Telecenter-X can provide the necessary pro-
tocol conversion and interface adaptation. There are however, two
general interfacing modes, refer to Figure 4-3:
B Telephone customer identical interface
B Concentrated interface
Telephone customer identical interface
With the telephone customer identical interface, the local exchange
provides one channel for each telephone customer served by the Tele-
cell-H system. Thereby in the local exchange the concentrated interface
of the overlay network is split up into a customer identical interface
(e.g. Tip/Ring, PCM V5.1). The Telecenter-X reconcentrates this multi-
tude of channels to the number of channels available in the air inter-
face. Only in the air interface itself, the channels are assigned to the in-
dividual Telelink-H units, of which the summed capacity is higher than
the number of channels available. While this variant is sensible for
wired customers where you need one line from the local exchange to
each customer, employing radio in the local loop this configuration is
ineffective with respect to the hardware effort in the local exchange
and Telecenter-X, volume, power consumption, costs etc. and should be
avoided.
Concentrated interface
With the concentrated or channel-identical interfacing, the overlay
network provides one communication channel for every channel in the
air interface. Therefore no concentration of channels occurs, the Tele-
center-X provides only protocol conversion as necessary. Again as with
the customer-identical interfacing, the assignment of the channels to
the individual Telelink-H units takes place in the air interface.
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
T
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Figure 4-3
Customer-identical and concentrated interconnections
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
4.4 Upgrade Stages
The Telecell-H system is supplied in two basic versions, Compact and
Standard.
Telecenter-H Compact
The Telecenter-H Compact provides up to 26 communication channels.
It operates with almost no component redundancy and thus consists of
just one cabinet, in which all components including power supply, back-
up batteries, PCM30 interface to the overlay network as well as the VHF
or UHF power amplifier are installed.
The Telecenter-X may be fitted in the same cabinet or it can also be in-
stalled as a self-contained unit.
Whilst the Telecenter-H Compact can be installed with as little as 2
communication channels, commercial systems from about 10 communi-
cation channels are of more interest. The system can later be extended
in steps of two up to a maximum capacity of 26 communication chan-
nels after the initial installation, if necessary. This only requires to insert
new boards, all existing components continue to be used.
Connection to the overlay network or the prewired protocol converter
is implemented via one single PCM30 standard interface.
Mechanically the cabinet consists of three shelves:
B Power supply and RF section
B CFX with central radio controller and communication channel con-
troller
B Back-up batteries and/or protocol converter
The power amplifier is located in the top (dome) of the cabinet.
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Power
supply
Batteries
or protocol
converter
Central radio controller
+ radio channels 1...26
RF
section
Figure 4-4
Telecenter-H Standard
The Telecenter-H Standard provides up to 118 communication channels
and can thus be matched to the respective local requirements. It can
operate with redundancy on almost all components and consists of two
or three cabinets, according to the upgrade stage, in which all compo-
nents including power supply, standard back-up batteries, PCM30 inter-
faces to the Telecenter-X or overlay network as well as power amplifiers
are installed. If the protocol converter Telecenter-X is required it is self
contained.
Whilst theoretically as with the Telecenter-H Compact a system with
2 communication channels is possible, it becomes more efficient from
about 28 communication channels (i.e. Telecenter-H Compact for up to
26 channels). Below this figure a Telecenter-H Standard should only be
selected if redundancy or extendibility is an issue. The Standard system
may be extended at a later date in steps of two to a maximum capacity
of 118 communication channels. For this purpose it is only necessary to
insert new boards, all existing components continue to be used. Whilst
two cabinets are sufficient for up to 28 communication channels a third
cabinet is required for anything up from 30 channels.
Except for the first shelf with 28 communication channels, 30 communi-
cation channels are located in one shelf (a so-called CPM shelf). Each
CPM shelf operates completely independently of the other CPM shelves
in the system. If several CPM shelves are provided in the system, the sys-
tem continues to operate even if a complete shelf fails. However, in this
case it operates with a correspondingly reduced capacity.
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Connection to the Telecenter-X or overlay network is via PCM30 stan-
dard interfaces, one PCM30 interface per CPM shelf.
The cabinets, each with 3 shelves, are designated GSV, GHF and GVF ac-
cording to the modules they include.
GVF GHF GSV
RF section
Central radio
controller
Radio channels
1 ... 28
Radio channels
29 ... 58
Radio channels
59 ... 88
Radio channels
89 ... 118
Power supply
Batteries
Figure 4-5
Telecenter-H Standard
Line Customers
Connection of line customers is possible using the local switch or a suit-
able version of the Telecenter-X. The layout is implemented according
to the specific project.
4.5 Summary of Technical Data
External Interfaces
B Telecommunication
To the overlay network PCM 30
2.048 Mbit/s, any protocol via protocol
converter
To the customers Tip/Ring
according to local requirements (upon re-
quest)
B Service and Maintenance
Local interface RS 232
Remote servicing via modem and overlay network
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Radio frequencies and transmission power
B 700 ... 1000 MHz range
2 x 1.6 MHz in 700 ... 1000 MHz per system (118 channels)
(up to 2 x 10 MHz in cellular systems with up to 6 frequency pairs)
Duplex separation 45 MHz
B 300 ... 500 MHz range
2 x 1.6 MHz in 300 ... 500 MHz
Duplex separation 10 MHz
B RF transmission power
Telecenter-H 70 Watt / 48.5 dBm (adjustable in 8 steps;
Standard and Compact)
Overall power is independent of the
number of communication channels
Maximum power is dependent on the
radio conditions in the area covered
and any other influences
Telelink-H 1.6 Watt / 32 dBm
(the respective maximum power at the antenna socket)
B Minimum input signal level, receiver
Telecenter-H 96.5 dBm with
signal/noise ratio = 35 dB
Telelink-H 82.0 dBm with
signal/noise ratio = 35 dB
B Radio broadcasting range
Ideal wave propagation 30 km radius (19 miles)
Rural, typically 20 km radius (13 miles)
Urban, typically 10 km radius (6 miles)
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
Capacity
Radio Up to 118 communication channels
for up to 4000 radio customers
The actual customer capacity depends on the expected traffic load
and the acceptable blocking rate.
Power supply
B Telecenter-H
Supply voltage 48 V (... 60 V) DC
or
115/230 V AC, single phase, 47.5 ... 63 Hz
Power failure bridging time
2 ... 6 hours with internal batteries
Power consumption < 1300 W (118 channels)
B Telelink-H 2
Supply voltage 12 ... 32 V, external in-line power pack
Power consumption approx. 7 W standby
15 ... 25 W in operation
With internal batteries 5.5 hours nominal
at 100 mErl (1.5 ... 7.2 h)
Other types of power supply can also be supplied for Telecenter-H
and Telelink-H upon request.
MTBF values (mean time between failures)
Telecenter-H Standard 6.5 years
Telecenter-H Compact 3.7 years
Telelink-H 2 38.0 years
Weight and dimensions
B Telecenter
Dimensions Refer to Figure 4-6
Weight 220 kg max.
(350 kg with batteries)
Chapter 4
Telecell-H
B Telelink-H 2
Dimensions Refer to Figure 4-7
Weight ca. 1.1 kg without batteries
ca. 1.7 kg with batteries
1
5
3
0
1
3
9
2
9
3
1
900
4
7
0
1730
Front view Top view
Figure 4-6
Telecenter-H cabinet, dimensions (in mm)
2
5
5
7
8
190
Wall mounting feet
Front view Top view
Figure 4-7
Telelink-H 2, dimensions (in mm)
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
5 Radio Signals
The Telecell-H systems radio signals replace the customer copper line.
To ensure that communication is possible simultaneously in both direc-
tions, duplex frequency separation is used, in which each communica-
tion direction is transmitted in another frequency band. Radio commu-
nication can thus be seen to be similar to a 4 line connection.
The radio system is organised in star formation, with a central, station-
ary radio base station (Telecenter-H) and a series of fixed customer ter-
minal units (Telelink-H), which are each independent of one another.
The Telecenter-H radio system and each Telelink-H is designed for the
full band width assigned to the system.
5.1 Frequency Band Structure and Access Procedure
The available band width is subdivided into channel pairs which each
permit full duplex communication. Whilst the Telecenter-H transmits in
frequency-division multiplex operation and thereby groups all the
channels used, each Telelink-H transmits in one channel only whereby
the other channels can be assigned to other Telelink-H by the central
radio controller. This way each communication channel is capable of
carrying one telephone call. A fixed organisation channel is provided for
general organisation and administration. Each Telelink-H switches over
to this channel when idle to permit communication between the Tele-
center-H and the Telelink-H at all time.
An FDM base band signal (FDM Frequency-Division Multiplex) is first
set up in the Telecenter-H from single sideband modulated signals,
which then frequency-modulates the VHF or UHF carrier. An FM/FDM
signal is thus transmitted to the Telelinks. In the Telelink-H receiver the
received signal is first frequency-demodulated. From the FDM signal re-
sulting from this procedure and including the signals of all channels, the
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
signal intended for the respective Telelink-H is separated by the Telelink
by appropriate filtering.
The Telelink-H transmitter modulates its outgoing signal in the trans-
mission frequency assigned to the channel currently occupied by that
Telelink-H. Because all active Telelink-H units dynamically use different
transmission frequencies within the radio band assigned to the system,
an FDMA/FM signal is transmitted.
The digital organisation channel is transmitted in both directions by FSK
modulation (FSK Frequency Shift Keying) in an analog channel (chan-
nel 0). In the direction from the Telecenter-H to the Telelinks this is the
lowest channel in the frequency-division multiplex signal. In the direc-
tion from Telelink-H to Telecenter-H this is the channel in the centre of
the frequency band (see Figure 5-1). Access to this channel is controlled
by a radio switching protocol.
In the Telelink-H transmission band (lower band) the individual
communication channels are alternately grouped around the centre
frequency. With this communication channel arrangement the band-
width can be reduced for systems with fewer radio customers. The
channel in the centre of the band is the organisation channel. Every
Telelink-H transmits its signal within the narrow frequency band as-
signed to the channel (each channel possesses a discrete carrier fre-
quency).
. . . .
n n 1 2 1
. . . .
12.5
kHz
Communication
channels
Organisation
channel
Communication
channels
Centre frequency
Total band width of lower band
Transmission direction
Telelink-H Telecenter-H
(lower band)
Figure 5-1
Telelink-H transmission (lower frequency) band structure
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
In the Telecenter-H transmission band (upper band) the organisa-
tion channel occupies the lowest channel, followed by up to 118 com-
munication channels. The Telecenter-H first converts the signals from
the organisation and the communication channels into an FDM base-
band signal. This FDM baseband signal then modulates the VHF/UHF
carrier frequency (i.e. the individual channels are no longer assigned dis-
crete carrier frequencies in the transmission signal but instead are fre-
quency-modulated over the whole frequency range of the transmission
signal).
0
n 2 3 1 0
. . . .
f
Frequency
up to 520 kHz
(118 channels)
4.02
kHz
Organisation
channel
Communication channels
Telecenter-H Telelink-H
(FDM base band [SSB])
Figure 5-2
FDM baseband structure
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
Centre frequency
Upper band total band width
1.6 MHz (118 channels)
Transmission direction
(upper band)
FDM base band (sum)

modulated on an VHF/UHF carrier
Figure 5-3
Telecenter-H transmission (upper frequency) band sum signal
5.2 Radio Transmission Parameters
In the standard configuration the Telecell-H system uses frequencies in
the ranges:
B Telecenter-H Telelink-H
845 ... 1000 MHz or
360 ... 500 MHz
B Telelink-H Telecenter-H
800 ... 955 MHz or
350 ... 490 MHz
These thereby correspond with the frequencies normally available for
the purposes of terrestrial radio public telecommunication.
The different frequencies for the two transmission directions result from
the standard duplex frequency of 45 MHz and 10 MHz between the
two transmission directions. Other duplex frequencies may be provided
upon request.
The standard configuration is designed for a range of 30 km (19 miles)
in radius (ideal wave propagation conditions). Using sectorial antennas,
larger ranges may be covered if necessary. EIRP diagrams, which show
the mutual dependencies of transmission power, antenna gain, an-
tenna height, frequency and antenna spacing, are reproduced in the
appendix.
Table 5-1 shows certain significant parameters and minimum conditions
for the transmission system.
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
Transmission Direction
Telecenter-H to Tele-
link-H
Telelink-H to
Telecenter-H
VHF/UHF bandwidth at maximum (118
channels) [MHz]
1.6 1.6
Channel spacing [kHz] 4.02 12.5
Signal/noise ratio SNR (AF) at minimum
[dB]
35 35
Receiver sensitivity for SNR (AF) > 35 dB
[dBm]
82.0 96.5
Max. transmission power 70 W 1.6 W
Table 5-1
Parameters and minimum conditions for radio transmission
5.3 Communication and Organisation Channels
The Telecell-H system operates with one digital organisation channel
and two to 118 analog communication channels. Both types of channel
operate in full duplex mode (one frequency for transmission another
for receiving, see Section 5.1 Frequency Band Structure and Access Pro-
cedure). Whilst the Telecenter-H supports all channels simultaneously
(organisation plus communication channels), each Telelink-H can only
ever serve one channel, the organisation channel or a communication
channel.
Communication channel
The communication channel is for customer/customer communication.
One communication channel is activated, whilst a telephone link is set
up, and remains active until the link is terminated (see Chapter 8 Call
Sequences). For this the Telelink-H switches from the organisation
channel to the communication channel as assigned by the radio control
server (Telecenter-H) and transmitted in the organisation channel.
In the communication channel, if signalling is unavoidable during a call,
a short in-band signalling procedure may take place with digital in-
formation (e.g. Telelink-H acknowledgement after switching from the
organisation channel to the communication channel). Otherwise only
the organisation channel is used in principle for signalling.
During times when the system and the particular Telelink-H are not
utilised for calls, one communication channel can be used for special,
longer Telelink-H service routines so that the organisation channel is not
blocked with testing and servicing tasks.
Radio Signals
Chapter 5
Telecell-H
Organisation channel
The digital organisation channel is intended for:
B Signalling
B Organisation and administration
B Control
The organisation channel is active at the
B Telecenter-H: Constantly
B Telelink-H: When idle (receive)
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6 Telecenter-H
Starting with a summary of the logical relationships in the Telecenter-H,
this Chapter describes the Telecenter-H in its individual components:
Cabinets shelves boards. To help with orientation you will find
Figure 6-1 with the logical block diagram repeated in the form of a
large icon in each Section, whereby the modules dealt with in the re-
spective Section are given a grey background. The Chapter concludes
with information on the system software as well as the mechanical ar-
chitecture of the system.
6.1 Logical System Architecture
Between the Telecenter-H and the Telecenter-X or the overlay network,
from the telecommunications point of view there is only a PCM30 in-
terface. A PCM30 line using time-division multiplex procedure (32 time
slots) carries:
B 30 digital communication channels
B 1 digital signalling channel
B 1 digital synchronisation channel
The communication channels are connected via the Telecenter-H PCM
interface to the communication channel controllers, which in turn fol-
lowing D/A or A/D conversion (according to the direction) make these
channels available to the customers in analog form and via the radio
system (frequency splitter and RF section).
The signalling channel serves to exchange the necessary information
concerning link setup and tear-down, as well as administration between
the Telecenter-H and the network operators switch or the overlay net-
work. For this purpose the information from the signalling channel is
extracted in the PCM30 interface of the Telecenter-H and sent to the
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
central radio controller (or information in the opposite direction is sent
to the switch).
The central radio controller is the central unit which controls and moni-
tors all system operations via the bidirectional CAN bus to which all
other components are also connected. Apart from the processing of call
requests, call setup and tear-down, including the assignment of time
slots and thereby the specific communication channel controllers, the
processing of error messages, control of redundancy, initialising of serv-
ice routines etc. are included in its tasks.
Continuous communication with the Telelinks takes place in the digital
organisation channel (see Chapter 5 Radio Signals), which is imple-
mented on the Telecenter-H side by the organisation channel controller
and controlled by the central radio controller.
A speech and tone generator feeds voice messages and audio tones via
its own PCM30 bus into the communication channels as required by the
communication channel controller (e.g. busy tone; idle tone; an-
nouncement that the customer is not available).
A mass memory stores the different system data.
The external communication controller is for external communication
via an RS 232 interface and modem. Amongst other things the Opera-
tion and Maintenance System has access to the Telecenter-H via this
controller.
There are several internal fault detectors, so-called shelf controllers, dis-
tributed through the system for the detection of bus and voltage errors.
These shelf controllers also operate as bus drivers.
An optional service and alarm module can be installed for continuous
system monitoring and fault detection. Comprehensive functions and
commands permit the local measurement and monitoring of all the
relevant system parameters. In the case of alarms, local alarm signals
can be switched or alarm information can be issued as a voice message
via the telephone or as a data packet via modem.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
T
e
l
e
c
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n
t
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r
-
X
Figure 6-1
Telecenter-H, logical system architecture
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.1.1 Communication Signal Path in the Transmission Direction
(Switch to Air)
The various stages of signal processing in the communication channel
path in the transmission direction are shown in the following diagram
(for a description of the components referred to therein, please see Sec-
tion 6.5 Telecenter-H Boards).
In the transmission direction of the communication channel path, the
following takes place:
B Extraction of the interesting communication channel (time slots)
from the 30 channels of a PCM bus. (O/GKA)
B Conversion of the digital signal to an analog signal, which is ampli-
tude modulated via the frequency converter. In the following band
pass filter the upper sideband is filtered out, which as SSB signal (Sin-
gle Side Band) is converted in another frequency converter to the
frequency level of the FDM (SSB) base band assigned to this particu-
lar communication channel (signal frequency between 12 and 520
kHz with 4.02 kHz channel separation). (O/GKA)
B Summing up of the SSB signal frequency bands generated on the
communication channel controller boards to the FDM (SSB) base
band. (SVP and SVF)
B Frequency modulation to transmission frequency. (SKT)
B Signal amplification to transmission power. (SKV)
B Signal filtering and decoupling to antenna. (Duplex filter)
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
S
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Figure 6-2
Signal processing in the communication channel path, transmission direction
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.1.2 Communication Signal Path in Receiving Direction (Air to Switch)
The different steps of signal processing in the communication channel
path in the receiving direction are as follows (for a description of the
referenced components please see Section 6.5 Telecenter-H Boards):
B Signal decoupling from the antenna by filtering. The FDMA (FM) sig-
nal frequency band received consists of the individual signals from all
Telelinks, which transmit in the 12.5 kHz radio frequency pattern
(transmission frequency according to the assigned communication
channel). (Duplexfilter)
B Frequency conversion of the FDMA (FM) signal frequency band to a
intermediate frequency band with a center frequency of 45 MHz
(FDMA [FM] IF band). (SKX, submodul SKR)
B Signal splitting. (SVP, SVF)
B Filtering out the interesting signal in a band pass filter, frequency
demodulation to audible frequency and inversion of the signals,
which is finally digitized according to PCM specification. (O/GKA)
B Transfer of the digitized signal to the PCM bus (data insertion into
corresponding time slot). (O/GKA)
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
S
V
P
S
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b
a
4
5
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8
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0
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Figure 6-3
Signal processing in the communication channel path, receive direction
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.1.3 Bus Systems
The digital bus systems used for data exchange are implemented as
follows:
B The PCM bus (communication) with 2.048 Mbit/s provides 30 time
slots for calls in both outgoing and incoming directions (2 further
time slots are used for synchronization and signalling). In addition
the bus has a line for frame recognition and another for the basic
timing signal. The bus connects the PCM30 interface board (PCM
board) with the communication channel controllers (O/GKA boards).
B The PCM bus (voice and tone messages) is also a 2.048 Mbit/s bus. It
supplies the different voice and tone messages which are inserted
into the communication channels by the communication channel
controllers. The bus is single-sided and links the voice and tone mes-
sages generator (SPA board) with the communication channel con-
trollers (O/GKA boards).
B The CAN bus (CAN = Controller Area Network) is a symmetrical, serial
and asynchronous bus with CSMA/CA access procedure (Carrier Sense
with Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance), to which all boards con-
taining bus controllers have random access (multimaster operation).
When there is simultaneous access to the transmission medium the
information with the highest priority is transmitted first.
6.2 Telecenter-H Cabinets
Physically the Telecenter-H consists of cabinets, which in turn are subdi-
vided into shelves. Thereby there is a certain relationship between the
mechanical design and the logical function of the individual modules.
The Telecenter-H Standard consists of 2 or 3 cabinets according to the
upgrade level:
GHF with the modules of the central radio controller for the first 28
communication channels of the system and the RF section including
the antenna connection
GVF, extension cabinet according to requirements with the modules
for the remaining communication channels
GSV with power supply and back-up batteries
The Telecenter-H Compact consists of 1 cabinet.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.2.1 GHF Cabinet
PCM30
Telecenter-X
48 V
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Power
amplifier
SKV
RF section
Duplex
filter Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
RF
low
power
part
SKX
The GHF cabinet consists of the shelves:
B CFC with the central radio controller, the service boards and certain
RF modules
B CPM1, the shelf with the first 28 communication channels
B CHFS with the duplex filter and directional coupler
In the top (dome of the cabinet) there is also the RF power amplifier
which can be redundantly designed. The antenna cable is connected to
the GHF cabinet.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
CHFS
CFC
CPM1
GHF
HYBS
SKV1 + SKV2
S
S
K
2
S
S
K
1
S
K
X
1
S
K
X
2
S
C
O
S
P
S
P
C
M
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
A
C

(
S
C
D
/
S
C
D
A
)
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
P
S
S
C
O
F
L
S
F
L
S
M
S
C
M
S
C
K
C
T
K
C
T
S
V
F
S
O
/
G
K
A
S
P
A
S
P
A
O
/
G
K
A
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
00 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
00
Figure 6-4
GHF cabinet
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
CFC shelf
Telecenter-X
PCM30
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains 48 V
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The CFC shelf contains the central radio processor, various service boards
as well as the near-AF RF modules. All the necessary voltages are gener-
ated in the shelf from the 48 V shelf supply voltage. For a detailed
block diagram at the board level please see Figure 6-8.
CPM1 shelf
48 V
Telecenter-X
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
PCM30
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The CPM1 shelf implements the first 28 radio communication channels
in the system, including the PCM30 interface to the protocol converter
or to the overlay network. Towards the radio side, the interface is at the
transfer frequency level (transmit) or the intermediate frequency (re-
ceive). The CFC shelf boards are used for necessary service functions.
Note regarding the shelf capacity: The CPM1 shelf capacity is limited to
28 radio communication channels because with the SAC module two
PCM time slots are used by the Telecenter internally for communication
with remote service and alarm equipment. (For comparison refer to the
GVF cabinet with 30 radio communication channels each CPM shelf,
Section 6.2.2 GVF Cabinet.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
All the necessary voltages are generated from the 48 V shelf supply
voltage. For a detailed block diagram at the board level please see
Figure 6-8.
CHFS shelf
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
SVP
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The CHFS shelf essentially contains the duplex filter, which decouples
the transmission and receive signal which are both led via the same an-
tenna. Furthermore it holds the directional coupler, sensors and safety
devices which allow the monitoring of the operational status of the RF
section.
All the necessary voltages are generated from the 48 V shelf supply
voltage. For a detailed block diagram at the board level please see
Figure 6-8.
6.2.2 GVF Cabinet
48 V
Telecenter-X
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
PCM30
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The GVF extension cabinet consists of one to three CPM shelves each
with 30 communication channels (CPM2 to CPM4; generally identical to
shelf CPM1). The GVF cabinet is only required, if more than 30 commu-
nication channels are to be implemented.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
CPM4
CPM3
CPM2
GVF
S
C
O
S
C
O
S
P
S
S
P
S
P
C
M
P
C
M
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
00
00
03
03
04
04
05
05
06
06
07
07
08
08
09
09
10
10
11
11
12
12
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
S
C
O
S
P
S
P
C
M
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
V
P
S
V
P
00 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
13
13
13
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
Figure 6-5
GVF cabinet
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.2.3 GSV Cabinet
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The GSV cabinet only contains the uninterruptible power supply, in-
cluding the back-up batteries. If particularly lengthy power failures are
expected (more than six hours) an external battery system with corre-
spondingly long bridging times can also be fitted the internal batteries
would then be left out.
If a 48 V DC supply with sufficient power is already available locally,
the GHF and GVF cabinets can be directly connected to this, and the
GSV cabinet can be left out completely (see also Sections 6.2.1 GHF
Cabinet and 6.2.2 GVF Cabinet). The disadvantage of such configu-
ration is that the control signals between uninterruptible power supply
and central radio processor (CFC shelf) are not available so that the
power supply cannot signal mains failure and battery low (i.e. shut-
down of the supply imminent in order to avoid deep discharging of the
batteries) and the central radio processor cannot signal when it is ready
for shut down of the power supply.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
USVS
GSV
AKK1
Back-up
batteries
AKK1
Back-up
batteries
Figure 6-6
GSV cabinet
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.2.4 Compact Cabinet
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Power
amplifier
SKV
RF section
Duplex
filter Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
SVF
The Compact cabinet contains all Telecell-H modules including the
power supply and the back-up batteries. (In addition the protocol con-
verter Telecenter-X may also be integrated). The shelves are:
B CHFC with power supply and RF section
B CFX with central radio controller, service boards and up to 26 com-
munication channels (a combination of the CFC and CPM1 shelves of
the Telecenter-H Standard but without any redundancy)
B Back-up batteries or Telecenter-X
In the top (dome) of the cabinet is located the RF power amplifier as
well as the duplex filter for the decoupling of the transmission and re-
ceiving path.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
S
K
X
P
C
M
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
C
O
F
L
S
M
S
C
K
C
T
S
V
F
C
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
P
A
O
/
G
K
A
S
A
C

(
S
C
D
/
S
C
D
A
)
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
O
/
G
K
A
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02
USVC
CFX
CHFC
RDY
ADJ
26P 5P 48N 18P
18N
12P 5N
12N
RDY
ADJ
SKV + HYBC
Back-up batteries
Figure 6-7
Compact cabinet
CHFC shelf
The CHFC shelf contains the power supply for all voltages required in
the cabinet. The RF module in this shelf includes transmitter low power
amplifier, receiver amplifier, transceiver head controller.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
CFX shelf
The CFX shelf contains all the control, service, interface and radio chan-
nel controller boards. It actually combines the CFC and CPM1 shelves of
the Telecenter-H Standard system. For a detailed block diagram at the
board level please see Figure 6-9.
6.3 Complete Block Diagrams
The two block diagrams which follow represent the Telecell-H Standard
and the Compact at the board level. The boards are specifically assigned
to a shelf. All potentially redundant boards are clearly identified by a
second board (located behind the first one).
For a description of the individual boards see Section 6.5 Telecenter-H
Boards. For a description of the logical relationships see Section 6.1
Logical System Architecture.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
S
P
S
S
P
S
S
P
S
S
P
S
S
P
S
S
C
O
S
C
O
S
C
O
S
C
O
P
C
M
P
C
M
P
C
M
P
C
M
F
L
S
M
S
C
K
C
T
O
/
G
K
A
1
O
/
G
K
A
1
5
O
/
G
K
A
3
0
O
/
G
K
A
4
5
O
/
G
K
A
1
4
O
/
G
K
A
2
9
O
/
G
K
A
4
4
O
/
G
K
A
5
9
O
/
G
K
A
SKV
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
F
S
U
S
V
S
S
C
D
S
C
D
A
P
C
M
3
0
P
C
M
3
0
S
K
R
S
K
T
S
K
C
S
K
X
Telecenter-X
S
S
K
S
C
O
S
P
A
Figure 6-8
Telecenter-H Standard, block diagram at board level
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
S
C
O
S
C
O
P
C
M
F
L
S
M
S
C
S
P
A
K
C
T
O
/
G
K
A

1
O
/
G
K
A

1
3
O
/
G
K
A
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
F
C
U
S
V
C
S
C
D
S
C
D
A
P
C
M
3
0
S
S
K
S
K
R
S
K
T
S
K
C
S
K
X
Telecenter-X
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s

1
+
2
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s

2
5
+
2
6
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
C
A
N

b
u
s
P
C
M

b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
P
C
M

b
u
s
(
v
o
i
c
e

+

t
o
n
e

m
e
s
s
a
g
e
s
)
O
r
g
a
n
i
s
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
Duplex filter Power amplifier SKV
FDM (SSB)
base band
FDMA (FM)
IF band
Power supply
RF section
B
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
D
C

v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s

a
s

n
e
e
d
e
d
b
y

a
l
l

c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
M
a
i
n
s
C
F
X

s
h
e
l
f
Figure 6-9
Telecenter-H Compact, block diagram at board level
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.4 The Redundancy Concept
Module redundancy is only found in the Telecenter-H Standard, the
Compact system operates without redundancy. The exception are the
communication channel controller boards which are organised in
groups of two.
Redundant modules are automatically recognized by the system, the
system automatically selects the active module. In the case of a fault,
the system automatically switches from the defective to the redundant
module with no losses as far as is possible. For test purposes it is also
possible to issue a command at the OMS to switch between two redun-
dant modules.
In the control and service area (CFC shelf) as well as in significant parts
of the power supply unit, redundancy is implemented at board level.
Thereby the central radio controller (FLS board) also exists redundantly.
Failure of a board causes activation of the redundant board. Existing
communication links are not interrupted.
In the RF section, redundancy is implemented over the sum of all mod-
ules, the transmission and receive path is doubled. Failure of a part
module leads to the complete switching over of the transmission/re-
ception path. Existing communication links are not interrupted.
In the communication channels area redundancy is provided by the
number of communication channels. Communication channels which
are assigned to faulty or otherwise not available communication chan-
nel controller boards (e.g. board not inserted) will be indicated as dis-
abled to the protocol converter so that faulty or unavailable channels
cannot be assigned to calls.
Board failures and the switching over to redundant boards can be sig-
nalled, according to the configuration, locally by alarm units or re-
motely to a central office by telephone using a voice message or via a
modem as a data packet.
6.5 Telecenter-H Boards
In this Section each board is described in detail with its features and
characteristics. For a summary of the assignment of the respective board
in the complete system see Figure 6-1 Telecenter-H, logical system ar-
chitecture, Figure 6-8 Telecenter-H Standard, block diagram at board
level as well as Figure 6-9 Telecenter-H Compact, block diagram at
board level.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.5.1 Central Radio Controller FLS
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The FLS central radio controller forms the central part of Telecenter-H
control units. Amongst the main tasks of the FLS are:
B The control of all operations, in particular link setup and tear-down
B Monitoring of all Telecenter-H modules
B Administration of the files necessary for proper operation
The radio control server is supported by the microcontrollers of the
modules to be monitored and controlled. It is linked to them by CAN
buses.
For the control of the operations the status of the function units con-
cerned with setting up, maintaining and tearing down the links is cycli-
cally queried. In the normal case the cycle duration is about 1.5 minutes.
The maximum value is 3 minutes. Alarms and significant status changes
are automatically saved together with the time in a log file.
The FLS radio control server essentially consists of the following function
groups:
B Central processor with master/slave microcontroller
B CAN bus controller
B Real time clock
B Optical displays
A two-coloured LED signals the general operating status of the board
(initialising, fault, redundant). Two 7 segment LEDs display the respec-
tive processor operating status in coded form.
External data exchange with the OMS is handled via the CAN bus and
the KCT board.
The Telecenter-H Standard normally uses two FLS central radio proces-
sors which operate in hot stand-by mode. In case of a failure of the ac-
tive FLS the passive FLS will take over control without process interrup-
tion.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.5.2 Mass Memory Controller MSC
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The MSC mass memory controller is the central storage unit for all vari-
able Telecenter-H data. This data is filed in two memory banks in files
like system, customer, error, configuration and status. An externally ac-
cessible PC memory Card can be used in a similar way to a diskette for
exchanging the files in the memory banks between the Telecenter-H
and external facilities.
During system start-up the system parameters are read from the MSC
data banks by the FLS. This permits automatic starting up of the system
with the respective current data.
If errors are detected during continuous monitoring of the board, the
two-colour LED on the front panel is switched on and an error message
is sent to the FLS radio control server via the CAN bus. If one is provided,
the FLS then activates the redundantly operating MSC board.
6.5.3 External Communication Controller KCT
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The external communication controller KCT controls the necessary ex-
ternal data exchange between the Telecenter-H (FLS central radio con-
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
troller) and the Operation and Maintenance System. For this purpose
the KCT board is provided with several RS 232 interfaces as well as a
modem. The modem can be accessed via the telephone network if
wired to a Tip/Ring interface provided by a network operators switch or
the SAC module (refer to Section 6.5.10 Service and Alarm Module
SAC).
Also on the KCT board is found the reset logic including a reset key for
resetting the complete Telecenter-H.
the FLS then activates the redundantly operating KCT board.
6.5.4 Shelf Controller SCO
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
There is an SCO (Shelf Controller), essentially consisting of an internal
fault detector and bus driver, in each shelf. The tasks of these boards
are:
B Monitoring of the DC supply voltages in the shelf (+5 V [digital], +5 V
[analog], + 12 V, 12 V). Values outside the permitted limits are sig-
nalled to the central radio controller via the CAN bus.
B Monitoring and driving of the PCM signals on the PCM bus (voice
and tone messages). A transmission error or failure of the PCM signal
is displayed on four LEDs on the front panel and upon (automatic)
request will signal this to the central radio controller.
B Provision of the DC voltages 12 V and +5 V for the analog modules
which are installed in the same shelf.
The operating voltages on the SCO board are taken directly from the
-48 V cabinet supply (SCO/48) or, with the later SCO design, from the
+5 V of the shelf supply (SCO/+5). Both SCO types remain functional
even if the local shelf power supply (SPS board) of the shelf fails, and
can thus signal the fault to the FLS. (The SCO/48 operates independent
of the SPS board, whereas the +5 V of the SPS boards is connected in
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
parallel between the shelves so that the SCO/+5 would be powered by
the SPS board in a neighbouring shelf if the one in the own shelf should
fail.)
is sent to the FLS radio control server via the CAN bus.
6.5.5 Voice and Tone Generator SPA
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
The voice and tone generator generates simultaneously and continu-
ously up to 6 voice messages stored in EPROM and 6 sinusoidal tones
(300 ... 3400 Hz). The signals thus generated are transferred via the PCM
bus (voice and tone messages) to the communication channel control-
lers. The voice messages and sinusoidal tones are used for signalling
particular telephone connection conditions (Telecell-H radio connections
or line connections in the overlay network; e.g. busy tone; idle tone;
announcement that customer is not available).
The SPA board consists of:
B Voice message generator with 6 separate voice synthesizers. Condi-
tioning of the digital voice signal takes place according to the
ADPCM speech coding process
B Sinusoidal tone generator, consisting of 6 separate generators
B Driver for the PCM bus (voice and tone messages) via which the voice
and tone messages are transported to the communication channel
controllers.
B Level monitoring; which monitors the output level.
The frequency of the sinusoidal tone generators can be individually
programmed. Similarly, the output of each voice message generator
can be individually selected to be one of up to 32 different messages
stored in EPROM memory. The actual assignment of voice/tone message
and PCM bus (voice and tone messages) time slot is defined via the Op-
eration and Maintenance System (each generator occupies one time
slot). Because the PCM bus (voice and tone messages) is fully independ-
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
ent of the PCM bus (communication), the switching field on the O/GKA
board can apply any time slot on the PCM bus (voice and tone mes-
sages) onto the PCM bus (communication). As a result, in theory all 118
communication channels may carry one and the same voice or tone
message at once (for example the message Radio interference. Please
on-hook the handset).
the FLS then activates the redundantly operating SPA board.
6.5.6 PCM30 Interface PCM
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The PCM board is the interface between the Telecenter-H and the
front-end protocol converter (Telecenter-X) or overlay network.
In the receive direction it regenerates the PCM30 signals before they are
applied to the internal PCM bus (communication). Recovery of the clock
pulse and signal amplification also belong to this task. The signalling in-
formation in time slot 16 (condition of the individual communication
channels, line occupancy) is extracted and transferred via the CAN bus
to the central radio controller (FLS).
In the transmit direction the PCM board inserts the channel-related sig-
nalling information for the respective communication channel control-
ler as well as for the protocol converter (to the latter transmitted in the
signalling time slot 16). The PCM signal from all time slots is HDB3
coded to provide a DC-free line signal and to avoid longer zero bit se-
ries. This guarantees the safe clock pulse recovery on the receiver side.
The coded line signal is prepared for transmission with a 3 V transmit
level at 120 corresponding with ITU-T recommendation no. G.703.
In addition various clock pulse signals are generated on the PCM board
as required by the communication channel controllers for the formation
of the PCM time-division multiplex signal.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
is sent to the FLS radio control server via the CAN bus.
6.5.7 Communication and Organisation Channel Controller O/GKA
Although used for partly different tasks, the communication channel
controller and organisation channel controller are assembled identically
(O/GKA board). The organisation channel controller however does not
use various components on the board. The function of the board is de-
termined by the board position into which it is inserted and the firm-
ware installed on-board. On each board there are two channel control-
lers controlled by a common microprocessor.
Communication channel controller
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The communication channel controller forms the bidirectional interface
between the digital PCM bus (communication) and the analog radio
section of the Telecenter-H. Thereby the communication channel con-
troller takes over the D/A and A/D conversion of the voice signals. In ad-
dition the controller evaluates and pre-processes the signalling informa-
tion on the incoming and outgoing calls.
Each O/GKA board carries two communication channel controllers. Ac-
cordingly a PCM bus with 30 time slots corresponds with 15 O/GKA
boards. Within a shelf a specific time slot is assigned to each controller.
The time slot is determined by the current physical position of the con-
troller within the shelf as well as by the shelf number in the system. In
the same way the controller-specific frequency level of the channel sig-
nal band within the FDM (SSB) base band is also determined by the this
physical position (see Chapter 5 Radio Signals).
In the direction towards the radio customer the communication data in
the respective PCM time slot of the PCM bus (communication) is ex-
tracted, converted to an AF analog signal and transferred via a coupling
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
field to the transmission signal conditioning unit. As necessary the cou-
pling field switches to the voice messages or tone signals extracted from
the PCM bus (voice and tone messages) (see Section 6.5.5 Voice and
Tone Generator SPA). Also in the coupling field MFC signals coming
from the protocol converter in a digital form (e.g. the called customer
number) are branched to the on-board MFC receiver.
The transmission signal is converted as per Figure 6-2 to the frequency
level of the signal frequency band (SSB) assigned to the communication
channel controller and combined with the transmission signal of the
second controller on the board. Transferred onwards to the SVP/SVF
boards it is used for the construction of the FDM (SSB) base band.
In direction to the protocol converter the receive signal is filtered from
the intermediate frequency signal as per Figure 6-3, conditioned for AF
and applied to the coupling field. There the MFC signals required by the
overlay network for setting up a link are overlaid according to the dial-
ling information as well as voice messages and tone signals from the
SPA board. The composite signal thus obtained is digitised and applied
to the correct time slot (according to the board position) of the PCM bus
(communication).
If a communication channel controller fails, the respective controller
time slot is signalled as being busy in the PCM time slot, in order to pre-
vent channel assignment by the protocol converter. In addition, the
two-colour LED on the front panel is switched on.
Organisation channel controller
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organisation
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The organisation channel controller controls the organisation channel,
forms the organisation channel signal and converts it to the FDM (SSB)
base band at the assigned fixed frequency level. In addition the re-
ceived organisation channel signal is demodulated, the signalling in-
formation is conditioned and transferred onwards to the central radio
controller (FLS).
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
For the implementation of a digital organisation channel the O/GKA
board is fitted with a modem, which modulates the digital signals from
the microcontroller for the air interface (or demodulates the air inter-
face signals to the microcontroller).
The data and commands transmitted in the organisation channel are
preset by the central radio controller (FLS), which also evaluates the
data received.
Conditioning of the analog modem signals is done in the same way as
of the analog signals for the communication channel.
When used as an organisation channel controller, only one controller of
the two channel controllers on the O/GKA board is used.
6.5.8 Splitter SVP and SVF
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organisation
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The SVP and SVF boards combine the transmission signal of the individ-
ual communication channel controller and the organisation channel
controller in the respective signal frequency to the FDM (SSB) base band
and transfer it onwards to the RF section.
In the opposite direction the signal received from the RF section in the
FDMA (FM) IF band is filtered and distributed to all channel controllers.
Additionally, the SVF board provides a reference frequency of 12.8 MHz
which is forwarded to the other analog modules via the board SVP and
the backplane.
Frequency conversion or modulation does not take place on the SVP
and SVF boards.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.5.9 RF Section SKX, SKV, HYBS/HYBC and Antenna System
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organisation
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The RF section in the transmission direction conditions the FDM (SSB)
base band to transmittable VHF/UHF signals, including modulation and
amplification (see Figure 6-2). In the receive direction the VHF/UHF sig-
nal is converted to the FDMA (FM) IF band of the communication chan-
nel controllers (see Figure 6-3).
The RF section modules consist of:
B SKX with the transmission module SKT, the receiver module SKR and
the transceiver head controller SKC. The SKC also monitors the unin-
terruptible power supply (USV).
B SKV, the transmitter power amplifier
B HYBS (Telecenter-H Standard) or HYBC (Telecenter-H Compact) with
the duplex filter for separation of the transmission and receive sig-
nals for the transmission and receive path and with the directional
coupler which decouples proportional measuring voltages of the
forwarded and reflected transmission power.
Whilst the SKX and SKV modules can be designed to be fully redundant
on the Telecenter-H Standard, the HYBS module is only partially, and in-
ternally redundant. In cases of faults the complete transmission and re-
ception path is switched over from one SKX/SKV system to the other.
The antenna is directly connected to the HYBS (or HYBC) module via the
antenna socket on the cabinet and a suitable lightning protector. De-
sign of the antenna system must be done taking account of the local
conditions and the respective project. The antenna should be mounted
as high as possible in the centre of the area to be covered to provide
the maximum range at a minimum transmission power. At the same
time the antenna cable should be no longer than 30.
Omnidirectional and directional dipole antenna and antenna groups
with vertical polarisation are used. Antenna gain is up to 20 dBi ac-
cording to design.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.5.10 Service and Alarm Module SAC
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
RF
low
power
part
SKX
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
Splitter
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The SAC module, consisting of the SCD service board and the SCDA
piggy back alarm board, is a universal diagnosis, service and test mod-
ule. In addition it issues alarms. It can be inserted in almost any system
board position and can evaluate, monitor or output the voltages, fre-
quencies, voice and tone data of all the signals there. Because it is
equipped with several LEDs and seven segment displays, a loudspeaker,
test sockets for measurements free of feedback and two PC interfaces,
all the necessary information for installation, maintenance, fault-finding
and repairs can be output from the board.
The SCDA piggy-back board provides two Tip/Ring telephone interfaces
operating on the two PCM time slots if the SAC module is inserted into
the first PCM30 bus (communication) of the Telecenter-H (into an
O/GKA [communication channel] board position in shelf CPM1 or CFX).
Independent of the actual board position, the SAC module always oc-
cupies the time slots 30 and 31. Whilst any telephone equipment may
be connected to the Tip/Ring interfaces, they usually are used for a local
service telephone and the modem on the KCT board. Having the mo-
dem connected, alarms can be transmitted as modem strings to any
predefined remote modem and the Telecenter-H is accessible remotely
via the Operation and Maintenance System. The same two Tip/Ring in-
terfaces are used by the SAC voice message generator to output alarm
voice messages over the overlay network to any predefined phone
number. Finally the SAC board provides four decoupled alarm inputs
and four voltage free alarm outputs for the connection of local systems
with alarm outputs and of local alarm devices. These alarm inputs and
outputs are freely configurable.
The SAC module is not necessary for the correct system operation, how-
ever its installation is highly recommended in every system which does
not have system external Tip/Ring interfaces locally available. In these
cases, the SAC module is the only means for remote alarms and the re-
mote administration, system adjustment and diagnosis of the Telecen-
ter-H. This advantage is certainly worth the two communication chan-
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
nels on the PCM30 bus (communication) occupied by the SAC module
and hence in such configuration not available to the radio system. (The
data in this manual already account for the SAC module: Without the
SAC module the system capacity is 120 communication channels [Tele-
center-H Standard] and 28 communication channels [Telecenter-H
Compact].)
Also refer to Section 9.3 Alarm Concept.
6.5.11 Power Supply
Telecenter-X
PCM30
48 V
RF section
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Communication
channel
controller
O/GKA
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
PCM30
interface
PCM
Splitter
PCM bus
(voice and
tone messages)
SVP
Uninter-
ruptible
power
supply
Mains
P
C
M
b
u
s
(
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
)
SVF
Power
amplifier
SKV
Duplex
filter
RF
low
power
part
SKX
Central radio
controller
FLS
Mass memory
MSC
External com-
munication
controller
KCT
Internal
fault detector
and bus driver
SCO
Organization
channel
controller
O/GKA
Voice and
tone generator
SPA
CAN bus
Service
and alarm
module
SCD
SCDA
The power supply concept is virtually the same for both the Telecenter-
H Standard and the Telecenter-H Compact: 48 Volts is generated from
the locally available mains voltage which with battery back-up is the ba-
sis for all further voltage levels. However, whilst for the Telecenter-H
Standard the 48 V is generated in a central power supply module
(USVS power supply) and all the voltages required in the shelves are
generated in the respective shelf (SPS, SCO and SSK modules), in the
Telecenter-H Compact all the necessary levels are provided from one
compact power supply module (USVC). Also, within the Standard system
the SPS shelf power supply modules located in one and the same cabi-
net operate in parallel, i.e. if one of the SPS modules fails (e.g. in shelf
CPM3), the power will be supplied by the other SPS modules (e.g. in
shelf CPM2 and CPM4) to the corresponding shelf (e.g. CPM3).
The battery back-up (AKKx module) and thereby the maximum mains
failure bridging time is designed according to the specific project. The
standard variant (AKK1) with a bridging time of at least 2 hours can be
installed on both the Compact and the Standard systems in the Telecen-
ter-H cabinet together with the power supply. An optional (emergency)
power generator can be installed for an operation which is completely
independent of the mains supply.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
SKC2
SKC1
48 V (V )
IN
SSK1
SSK2
SPS SCO
SPS SCO
SPS SCO
SPS SCO
SPS SPS:
V (48 V)
+12 V
+ 5 V
5 V
48 N (48 V)
IN
SCO:
V (48 V)
12 V
+ 5 V analog
IN
SCO
RF section 1
RF section 2
Rechargeable
batteries
AKK1 (AKK2)
Mains
110/230 V
47.5 ... 63 Hz
Power
supply
USVS
SPS shelf power supply
SSK RF section power supply
SKC transmitter head controller
USVS control / USVS status signaling
CPM1 shelf
CFC shelf
CPM2 shelf
CPM3 shelf
CPM4 shelf
Figure 6-10
Block diagram of power supply, Telecenter-H Standard
SKC
Mains
115/230 V Ac
47.5 ... 63 Hz
Rechargeable
batteries
AKK1
CFX shelf RF section
Mains to
48 V DC
Voltages as needed by modules
Power supply USVC
USVC control / USVC status signaling
Figure 6-11
Block diagram of power supply, Telecenter-H Compact
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.5.12 Backplanes
The CFC, CPMx and CFX shelves each have a backplane, in which the in-
dividual boards are inserted, and which distribute the voltages, analog
and digital signals of the shelf.
So that every board in the system can be unambiguously addressed, the
three types of backplane are differently coded. Also, the shelf number is
set by jumpers on the backplane. Finally every board position is defined
by hard-wired shelf address lines. This permits unambiguous identifica-
tion of every board in the system which amongst other things is essen-
tial for redundancy control, the assignment of the PCM time slots and
the radio communication channels.
6.6 Software
All the main sequences in the Telecenter-H are program controlled.
Thereby every board with a microcontroller has its own software on the
board. Co-ordination and control of the modules is carried out by the
central radio controller (FLS).
The software is subdivided into six important program blocks:
B Link setting up and tearing down
B Module initialisation and cyclic tests
B Tx/Rx processes including monitoring and control of RF section and
system safety procedures
B Call data acquisition
B Data administration (permanent and temporary files)
B System control including external communication
Permanent and temporary files are created and maintained for se-
quence control. Permanent files are stored in the MSC and are read
from there during system start-up.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
FLS
Temporary files
MSC
Permanent files
Customer file Customer file
Switching file
Error file
Status file
Status config file
Access file
System data file System data file
Board file
CAN bus
continuous
update
At boot-up
Figure 6-12
Telecenter-H, temporary and permanent files
Temporary data files
The temporary files are stored in the FLS in its own RAM. This data is
lost after a system reset. The following files are updated constantly:
B Customer file with
Phone number
Radio call number
Serial number of Telelink-H
Customer ID number
Status of Telelink-H flags
B System data file with all necessary data for operation of system com-
ponents, e.g.
Global system data
Transmitter and receiver parameters
PCM timing
Tone tables
Emergency phone numbers
B Switching file with
Current status of the individual communication channels and the
PCM time slots
Logging of the occupancy states from start to finish of each call
Logging of which customer occupies which channel
Type of channel occupancy (incoming/outgoing call, service)
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
B Board file with current status of system components:
Present
Functionable
Shelf and board position address within the system
Status of hardware to be controlled
Permanent data files
The permanent files are stored on the MSC mass memory board. They
can still be accessed even after a system reset. The following files are
kept:
B Customer file (mirror of temporary file)
B System data file with all necessary data for operation of system com-
ponents (mirror of temporary file)
B Error file with error conditions in the system, system reaction with
date and time
B Status file with current system status information including call re-
quests and progress with date and time
B Status config file defining a filter for the information to be stored in
the status file
B Access file logging of all attempted and successful operator accesses
to the system with date and time and password level
6.7 General Construction
6.7.1 Cabinets
The Telecenter-H is installed in specially-constructed cabinets and
shelves, which permit simple and fast installation as well as problem-
free upgrading. Easy access for routine tests and repairs is provided
through doors at the front and back each with a 180 opening angle.
The shelves are each fixed into the cabinet with four screws. External
cables are connected via connectors and terminals at the top of the
cabinet (from cable troughs suspended from the ceiling). To secure the
cables, pre-installed cable bracings and cable channels are provided in
the cabinet.
The necessary EMC compatibility is achieved by appropriately earthing
all parts of the cabinet and with the use of RF sealing strips.
The cabinets are provided with ventilation openings at the top and the
bottom for cooling purposes.
6.7.2 Cooling
Most modules are cooled by convection cooling. However, each cabinet
contains fans to force-cool individual components and the cabinet as a
whole.
Telecenter-H
Chapter 6
Telecell-H
6.7.3 Cabling and Plugged Systems
The Telecenter-H is designed so that the work involved in cabling both
in the factory and locally is minimised. Cables have to be laid for:
B External connections (PCM30, mains)
B Inter-shelf links (CAN bus, communication and organisation channel
signals, PCM bus [voice and tone messages], 48 V supply voltage)
B High-frequency internal shelf links between two boards, which re-
quire to be screened (coaxial cable) to avoid interference (communi-
cation and organisation channel signals)
B Power supply cables to the RF section modules, which are not con-
nected to a common return cable.
All plugs are secured against unintentional removal. The cables are se-
cured with cable bracing and other appropriate fixing equipment.
6.7.4 Components
The components used in the Telecell-H system are specially selected for
their reliability. The once we would particularly like to denote are the
following:
B Integrated TTL circuits
B Fast RAM circuits with integrated battery back-up as well as powerful
microcontrollers
B Possible exclusive use of SMD components for resistors, capacitors,
diodes, LEDs, transistors and transmitters
B Mechanical filters for transmission-end channel conditioning
B Quartz and ceramic filters for the receive end.
Telelink-H
Chapter 7
Telecell-H
7 Telelink-H
The Telelink-H is the customer terminal unit of the Telecell-H system. It
provides:
B Radio connection to the Telecenter-H
B Tip/Ring interface to the telephone apparatus belonging to the cus-
tomer (Western Digital RJ-11 socket)
The Telelink-H system consists of:
B Plug-in power supply with optional rechargeable battery
B Transmission/receive module (interface to Telecenter)
B Tip/Ring interface emulation (interface to customers telephone)
B Electronics for the control, setting up, securing and tearing down of
the telephone link, transfer of call to the customers telephone and
the safeguarding of special services (e.g. metering pulses)
B Antenna
7.1 Variants
Variants of the Telelink-H are:
B With/without internal rechargeable back-up battery (with battery,
Telelink-H operation is ensured for a certain period even during
mains failure)
B With two Tip/Ring interface sockets in parallel circuitry design (single
line configuration) or with two Tip/Ring interface sockets, each of
them being assigned to an individual telephone number (party line
configuration). In standard configuration, the Telelink-H has only
one Tip/Ring interface socket
Note regarding the party line configuration: The Telelink-H has access
to only one air channel at any one time. This means, only one Tip/Ring
interface can be supported at any one time. If one Tip/Ring interface is
engaged already while a call setup is attempted via the second inter-
Telelink-H
Chapter 7
Telecell-H
face, a continuous tone of about 2400 Hz will be output to this second
interface.
Note regarding the predecessor of the current Telelink-H 2: While me-
chanically quite different from the current version, logically it was the
same design as described herein except for the second Tip/Ring inter-
face socket. This predecessor was named Telelink-H 1.
7.2 Modules
Logically the Telelink-H electronics are grouped with the transmis-
sion/receive unit and customer interface around the link controller, as
shown in the following block diagram.
Function
The signal received from the antenna passes the bandpass receive filter.
Because the signal received lies in the upper band, the transmitter sig-
nal is disabled by the receive filter.
The received signal is converted to the first intermediate frequency of
70.2 MHz, filtered again and frequency demodulated. The frequency-
division multiplex base band signal thus obtained is converted to the
second IF at 455 kHz. Whilst passing through the following bandpass fil-
ter the signal, which so far still carries all channels is reduced to the de-
sired channel (organisation or communication channel). After passing a
third bandpass filter the signal is now amplitude demodulated to the
AF frequency (telephone signal). This AF signal is distributed to the mo-
dem and expander.
B The modem demodulates the data sent from the Telecenter-H for
controlling the Telelink-H and passes it on to the link controller.
B The expander extends the amplitude range of the AF signal and
passes the signal to the summariser.
The summariser is fed from the tone generator as well as the expander
signal. The tone generator provides the free, busy and dialling tones as
well as the ringing signal. The AF signal collected from the receive signal
is only passed on by the summariser if a telephone call is in progress and
the signal is intended for the connected telephone apparatus. The sum
signal from the summariser is the AF input signal of the SLIC (Subscriber
Line Interface Circuit). The SLIC provides the interface to the customer
telephone apparatus. This interface is normally of the Tip/Ring type.
The SLIC (Subscriber Line Interface Controller) is a bi-directional inter-
face controller which also receives an input signal from the customer
line. The AF signal from the customers telephone apparatus is passed to
the DTMF receiver and the compander.
Telelink-H
Chapter 7
Telecell-H
B The DTMF receiver (DTMF = Dual Tone Multi Frequency) intercepts
the dialling signal and passes it to the link controller which checks
the first digits to see whether an emergency call (= higher priority) is
requested.
B The compander reduces the amplitude range of the telephone sig-
nal.
The inverter follows the compander. The inverter inverts the signal de-
pending on the link controller signal. The summariser adds the control
data generated by the link controller (modem signal) to the telephone
signal. (Here too the AF signal coming from the telephone apparatus is
disabled if no call is proceeding).
After this the signal is frequency modulated on the RF carrier with the
current channel frequency (organisation or communication channel),
amplified to the desired signal level (determined by the Telecenter-H
depending on the transmission characteristics) and beamed from the
antenna.
All Telelink-H functions are controlled by the intelligent link controller
with its own processor and memory. Parameters can be changed by
software and can be set from the Telecenter-H. The link controller is re-
sponsible for communication between Telecenter-H and Telelink-H, in-
sofar as is necessary for setting up and tearing down links as well as for
ensuring general system availability. The link controller also controls
channel usage (organisation and communication channels) according to
commands from the Telecenter-H and the call status.
Telelink-H
Chapter 7
Telecell-H
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Figure 7-1
Telelink-H block diagram
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
8 Call Sequences
A significant feature of the Telecell-H system is the short time required
for call setup for both incoming and outgoing calls. The radio system
customers cannot detect any difference between the Telecell-H system
and line ports. This is shown in this Chapter by using real sequences for
incoming and outgoing calls (Sections 8.1 Incoming Call and 8.2
Outgoing Call).
The Telecell-H system recognizes several customer priorities. Selected
customers obtain access to the overlay network even when the system
is fully utilised but at the expense of less privileged customers (Section
8.3 Special Case: Priority Features).
After information on call tear-down (Section 8.4 Link Tear-Down),
which in principle is nothing different from line-linked systems, this
Chapter contains information on system-security against tapping, hack-
ers and intruders (Section 8.5 Protection Against Unauthorised Access
to Communication Channels).
8.1 Incoming Call
An incoming call is registered by the Telecenter-X which then initiates a
line reservation towards the Telecenter-H. Within 350 ... 600 ms from
line reservation, the called Telelink-H sends the ringing signal to the
telephone (if all characters in the telephone number are immediately
available) in other words in significantly less than one second. In detail
the sequences are as follows (see Figure 8-1):
B Line allocation and transfer of the complete dialling information
(protocol dependent)
B Checking of existence, service class and availability of the customer
called.
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
B After recognising the desired radio customer the Telecenter-H issues
the ring back tone to the Telecenter-X and calls the Telelink-H in the
organisation channel with the request to change over to the com-
munication channel.
B The Telelink-H generates the ringing signal for the customer phone.
This task is completed in about 150 ... 200 ms, depending upon the
Telecenter-Hs traffic load.
B Telecenter-X, Telecenter-H and Telelink-H now wait for the tele-
phone customer to lift the handset. About 50 ... 100 ms after this the
link between the calling and called customers is set up, and both cus-
tomers are connected together.
^
1
5
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.
.
.

2
0
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m
s
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.

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Figure 8-1
Signalling procedures, incoming call
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
8.2 Outgoing Call
An outgoing call is requested by the customer via the Telelink-H (or-
ganisation channel) at the Telecenter-H, which sets up the link to the
Telecenter-X / overlay network. During call setup the Telecell-H system
requires about 950 ... 1700 ms for the internal procedures (assuming
that the desired telephone number is immediately available), in other
words significantly less than two seconds manual dialling of a tele-
phone number normally takes considerably more time. The time re-
quired for a link setup beyond this depends on the network operators
switch and the other telecommunication equipment used for the link.
In detail the sequences take place as follows (see Figure 8-2):
B The telephone customer lifts the handset, the Telelink-H detects this
and immediately issues the dialling tone.
B The customer starts to dial, the digits are stored in the Telelink-H.
B As soon as sufficient digits of the telephone number are available to
decide whether it is to be an emergency call (emergency calls are
predefined numbers, see Section 8.3 Special Case: Priority Fea-
tures), the Telelink-H waits to recognize the Free call command
issued to all Telelink-H units (command transmitted by the Telecen-
ter-H in the organisation channel). This command is transmitted
about every 100 ... 200 ms. (Please see also the Note on the com-
munication channel setup below.)
B Upon Free call the Telelink-H answers with a call request. The
Telecenter-H now registers a line reservation at the protocol con-
verter (reservation of a PCM30 time slot), which is confirmed by the
protocol converter (about 600 ... 1200 ms, depending on the actual
converter).
B The Telecenter-H now allocates a communication channel to the
Telelink-H, upon which the Telelink-H transmits all previously re-
ceived and stored call number digits in the communication channel.
B Additional call number digits are now transmitted from the cus-
tomer telephone directly to the protocol converter or the overlay
network in the communication channel, Telelink-H and Telecenter-H
now behave with complete transparency.
B After transmission of the complete call number the ringing tone is
sent directly to the customer telephone from the protocol converter /
overlay network. Once the called customer lifts the handset, the call
is set up.
Note on the communication channel setup
Optionally, the communication channel may be setup immediately after
off-hook of the handset. This allows to transfer the dial tone of the lo-
cal exchange directly to the telephone a feature sensible for certain
added services like call forwarding, where the current service state is
signalled to the telephone customer from the local exchange using dif-
ferent dial tones. The disadvantage of this option is a slightly higher
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
blocking probability because the communication channel is occupied
slightly longer for each call.
The type of communication channel setup (immediate or after start of
dialling) can be selected for each Telelink-H individually.
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
9
5
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.
.

1
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Figure 8-2
Signalling procedures, outgoing call
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
8.3 Special Case: Priority Features
The Telecell-H system is designed so that particular Telelink-H units (cus-
tomers) have access to the Telecenter-H even when the system is fully
utilised (all communication channels busy). Thereby three priority char-
acteristics can be defined:
B VIP priority (very important person) during normal operation
B Emergency phone numbers
B Disaster mode
VIP priority
VIP priority is assigned to selected Telelink-H units during installation or
at any later time. A Telelink-H with VIP priority in principle will always
obtain access to the Telecenter-H in normal operation and thereby to
the overlay network. If all communication channels are busy, another
link, selected by random, will be terminated after a corresponding voice
message to the customer. (Emergency calls and VIP links are not termi-
nated.).
VIP priority is mainly envisaged for doctors, hospitals, fire brigades, dis-
aster control services as well as any appropriate city authorities and
suchlike.
Emergency phone numbers
Up to eight emergency phone numbers can be defined in the Telecell-H
system. The link to an emergency phone number is fundamentally set
up. If all communication channels are busy, another link, selected by
random, will be terminated after a corresponding voice message to the
customer. (Emergency calls and VIP links are not terminated.).
Emergency phone numbers can be up to 18 characters long, it is how-
ever always best to use the shortest possible numbers.
Disaster mode
In disaster mode only Telelink-H units with VIP Disaster priority obtain
general access to the Telecenter-H. All other Telelink-H units can only
call emergency phone numbers. Disaster mode should be started in the
real situation (natural catastrophes, major fires or other incidents,
wherein the telecommunication needs of the customers exceeds the ca-
pacity of the Telecenter) by the Telecenter-H operator via the Operation
and Maintenance System.
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
8.4 Link Tear-Down
A link tear-down can arise for the following reasons:
B A customer hangs up
B Time-out
B Priority call request
A customer hangs up
If the radio customer hangs up, it is recognized by the Telelink-H and
signalled to the Telecenter-H. The Telecenter-H terminates the link and
signals this to the protocol converter. The Telelink-H returns to the or-
ganisation channel.
If the external customer hangs up, a termination is signalled to the
Telecenter-H by the protocol converter. The Telecenter-H then sends a
termination command to the Telelink-H. In turn the Telelink-H signals
the link tear-down with the busy tone to the telephone and switches
back to the organisation channel.
Time-out
Telecenter-H and Telelink-H constantly monitor the quality of the radio
transmission. If the quality over a predefined period of time is worse
than a predefined threshold value, the link is terminated. Telecenter-H
and Telelink-H behave just the same as if they had received a termina-
tion message from the other side (see above, A customer hangs up).
Additionally, a fixed time-out time may be specified via the OMS (1 ...
254 min). Every call exceeding this time will be terminated. With such
pre-set time-out time a lasting channel blockage due to an error situa-
tion can be prevented.
Priority call request
If a priority call is requested when all the radio channels are busy, an-
other link must be terminated. The link to be terminated receives a
short voice message from the Telecenter-H (announcing the termina-
tion of the link due to an emergency call) and a termination command
goes to the Telelink-H. The terminated Telelink-H signals the end of
the call to the telephone and returns to the organisation channel.
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
8.5 Protection Against Unauthorised Access to Communication Channels
Communication channels transmitted by radio are, like line-connected
customer terminals, subject to various types of outside access. Defensive
measures must be provided against this. Particular attention should
thereby be given to ensuring that:
B Outsiders cannot carry out costly telephone calls at the expense of a
Telecell-H customer
B Outsiders cannot listen in to calls.
Protection against unauthorised use
The Telecell-H system is protected in two ways from an unauthorised at-
tempt to penetrate into a Telelink-H link: Through a customer identity
number (TIN) and through a radio call number which is not identical to
the official call number.
The TIN is individually set for every Telelink-H, it is stored both in the re-
spective Telelink-H as well as in the customer file in the Telecenter-H. It
is changed by a command from the operator at the systems Operation
and Maintenance System: For this purpose the Telecenter-H generates a
code and transmits it to the Telelink-H. Telelink-H and Telecenter-H
then independently calculate the TIN using the code and an internal al-
gorithm. Only the right Telelink-H can calculate the TIN which the Tele-
center-H also calculates and then expects in future.
Furthermore the Telecenter-H assigns a radio call number to every offi-
cial phone number belonging to the customer which is changed at a
particular time upon the command of the operator. This radio call
number is then transmitted during link setup in place of the official
phone number.
Both the TIN, which is recalculated from the transmitted code word,
and the radio call number must match during the authorisation check,
which is carried out at the start of the link setup, with the values filed in
the Telecenters customer data file. If several successive rejections occur,
the Telelink-H will be blocked.
Protection against listening in
With respect to unauthorised listening in to radio-transmitted calls, the
different modulation and access procedures in the Telecell-H system in
both transmission and receiving directions offer a certain amount of
protection. In order to tap into (or bug) the Telecell-H system, a larger
amount of technical equipment would be necessary than with tradi-
tional analog systems. For the radio path from the Telelink-H to the
Telecenter-H there is additional protection through speech band scram-
bling. Targeted tapping is practically impossible because channel alloca-
Call Sequences
Chapter 8
Telecell-H
tion for the individual calls is completely random using any one of all
available channels and cannot be forecast, in addition to identify the
radio customer the potential listener would need to know the current
and changeable radio call number of the respective Telelink-H.
Operation, Service and Alarm Concept
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
9 Operation, Service and Alarm Concept
The Telecell-H system is designed for ease of use and maximum opera-
tor convenience. In fact, apart from when hardware faults arise, no
service technician or operator has to be present locally at the Telecen-
ter-H, and all administrative and monitoring tasks can be carried out
from a central office via modem and the overlay network. Alarm and
error signals can also be transmitted to this central office by modem
and/or as voice messages.
The Operation and Maintenance System (OMS), which can be installed
locally and/or remotely, is designed to carry out administrative and
monitoring tasks for the Telecenter-H and Telelink-H units. Alarms are
output by the SAC module. The modem on the KCT board is used for
modem connections. All alarms are also logged in the Telecenter-H in a
log file (MSC board) which can be accessed via the OMS.
The OMS may be integrated with the Telecenter-X management system
to a Telecell-H element manager depending on the Telecenter-X used.
(Being a separate unit, selected depending on the interface require-
ments towards the local exchange, the Telecenter-X has a management
system of its own that is covered in the Telecenter-X manuals.)
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
Telecenter-H
Figure 9-1
Administration and monitoring concept
Telecenter-H
Figure 9-2
Alarm concept
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
9.1 Operation
The Telecell-H is completely administered, monitored and operated via
a management system, which for the Telecenter-H and the Telelink-H is
the Operation and Maintenance System OMS. The OMS software by
KRONE runs on an industry-standard PC. The PC is linked to the Telecen-
ter-H via an RS 232 (local) or via a modem connection (remote). A PC
can control several Telecenter-H sequentially. In addition a Telecenter-H
can be administered, monitored and operated sequentially from several
OMS systems. With this form of multiple administration the data consis-
tency in the individual Telecenter-H is ensured by downloading the cur-
rent data from the respective Telecenter-H to the connected OMS at the
start of each session.
In addition to on-line data transfer, the current Telecenter-H data can
optionally also be retrieved from the Telecenter-H with a RAM card as
data carrier (PC Card) and read by a computer with a PC Card interface
(PC Card in mass memory controller MSC). Moreover, data can be writ-
ten to the Telecenter-H via the PC Card.
Functions
Amongst others the OMS provides the following functions:
B Configuration management
Setting of system parameters like system variables, transceiver pa-
rameters including radio power, acceptable minimum configura-
tion, communication channel parameters, mapping of tones and
voice messages to system states, alarm destinations etc.
Setting of operation mode (standard/disaster mode; switching off
of radio transmission)
B Security management
Customer administration at the Telelink-H level (number scheme)
including management of the services available to specific cus-
tomers
Password administration for OMS and Telecenter-H
B Fault and performance management
Tests of all or individual communication channels, boards, shelves
and Telelink-H units as well as the transmitter and receiver system
Monitoring of communication channel traffic
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
Figure 9-3
OMS screen (all menus open; image montage)
Figure 9-4
OMS sample screen (Transmitter and Receiver Parameters)
Metering and billing calculations are administered by the Telecenter-X
or other devices which are not part of this description.
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
9.2 Servicing
The servicing concept encompasses three problem areas:
B Remote servicing
B Local servicing
B Exchange (and repair) of hardware
Remote servicing
Remote servicing is carried out via the Operation and Maintenance Sys-
tem, see Section 9.1 Operation. The OMS provides all the functions to
permit remote testing of the Telecenter-H, the Telelinks and the radio
quality and to localise faults at board level. The error log file with in-
formation on faults which have occurred and error control information
can be read out via the OMS. In addition it is possible to switch between
redundant modules with the OMS.
Local servicing
Local servicing, in addition to the functionality of the OMS, also has
available the functionality of the service and alarm board (SCD), which
provides access to all the signals available in the current board position
(including voltages) and can evaluate and monitor them. The output is
via LEDs, seven-segment displays, loudspeaker, PC interface, oscilloscope
and multimeter sockets. The OMS and SCD together permit the com-
prehensive analysis of the Telecenter-H at module and signal levels.
Exchange (and repair) of hardware
The Telecell-H system is constructed in modular form. Apart from the
modules (e.g. particular power supply modules) which are critical for the
operation, all the units can be exchanged during operation. However,
whilst exchanging of modules is taking place, there may be capacity
limitations depending on the level of redundancy provided (see also
Section 6.4 The Redundancy Concept).
With the options provided by the OMS and the SCD board and follow-
ing a successful visit to an appropriate training course it is possible for
service technicians to carry out repairs to the Telecell-H system down to
module level. Assuming that regular maintenance has been carried out
and that timely action is taken after alarm occurrences, these repairs to
the Telecenter-H Standard are normally possible with the system run-
ning. With the Telecenter-H Compact it may be however necessary to
run down the system in a real situation due to the lack of redundancy.
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
9.3 Alarm Concept
The Telecenter-H can output alarms as voice messages and modem sig-
nals to predefined telephone numbers. The modem signals require the
optional KRONE alarm software TC Alarm for Windows. KRONE rec-
ommends connecting several modems at once to the alarm PC
(= modem pool) to ensure that several Telecenter-H signalling to the
same PC are provided with sufficient modem for immediate alarm
transmission. While voice alarms are repeated at customer definable in-
tervals until the cause of the alarm is rectified, TC Alarm for Windows
receives the alarm message once and after error rectification an
alarm removal message.
The alarms are classified in three alarm stages:
B Red system not ready to operate, the system may be shut down
and immediate action is required.
Examples:
Shelf controller (SCO) in CFC shelf has failed
Less than minimum configuration available
Battery voltage in mains failure mode has fallen below minimum
value
B Yellow urgent alarm, system still ready to operate but rapid action
is required, link setup still possible with limited quality parameters.
Examples:
Too high a bit error rate on the PCM connection to the protocol
converter / overlay network
Failure of system components, which are available redundantly.
B Green non-urgent alarm, system ready to operate, link setup pos-
sible, all quality parameters exist but there may be a reduction in sys-
tem capacity.
Examples:
Individual communication channel controllers (O/GKA boards)
have failed
Failure of mains voltage (system operating on battery power).
The alarms are generated and output using the SAC module. In addi-
tion to voice messages and modem signals, alarms can be alerted locally
to up to four alarm units (no-voltage, freely assignable relay contacts
are provided by the SAC for e.g. visible and audible alarm devices for
red alarms as well as one visible alarm device for yellow and one for
green alarms).
Four alarm inputs at the SAC module allow the connection of alarm
outputs of other local devices. This way, alarm conditions of these ex-
ternal devices can also be signalled remotely as voice message or data
string.
Chapter 9
Telecell-H
In order to be able to output alarms via the overlay network, two con-
figurations are possible:
B If a local switch with Tip/Ring interfaces is available, the KCT modem
port is to be connected to one of the Tip/Ring interfaces. In this con-
figuration only modem data packets can be output as alarm mes-
sages. (Please note: Without the SCD board inserted you do not have
any inputs for external alarms and outputs for local alarm devices
available.)
B If a local switch with Tip/Ring interfaces is not available (Telecenter-H
in remote operation) or if voice alarm messages are required, the
SAC module must be inserted into one of the communication chan-
nel controller board positions. In this configuration, the SAC module
will use two of the PCM channels in the shelf for communication
with telephones/modems on the overlay network, which limits the
maximum number of available communication channels on the Tele-
center-H Compact to 26, and on the Telecenter-H Standard to 118.
This configuration is the standard one.
9.4 Monitoring of Radio Propagation Conditions
Within a Telecenter-H system a test link can be defined, which monitors
the radio propagation conditions.
The test link monitors the data received in the organisation channel and
returns the results in a communication channel to the Telecenter-H. The
results determined by the Telelink-H are the number of frames re-
ceived, the number of frames with non-correctable errors, and the
number of correctable bit errors per time unit). These values can be
checked at the Operation and Maintenance System OMS.
A test link is a normal Telelink-H, which is defined locally by a special
parameter as a test link. Although the test function is immediately in-
terrupted in the case of a call request, customer Telelink-H units should
not as a rule be defined as a test link. If required, the test link should be
installed at a critical location with respect to radio propagation as a
permanent test link.
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
10 Technical Data
10.1 Telecell-H System
B External Interfaces
Telecommunication
To the overlay network Telecenter-H directly: PCM E&M, see PCM E&M
specifications below
Telecenter-H with Telecenter-X:
PCM V5.x, EDSS1 (V
2M
/S
2M
Euro-ISDN), MFC R2,
E&M
PABX protocols from different suppliers as
well as Q.SIG
Others on request
To the customers Tip/Ring
according to local requirements
(upon request)
PCM E&M specifications 32 time slots (TS) of 8 bit each according to CCITT
recommendation G.703:
TS 0: Synchronisation (without optional CRC-4
check)
TS 1 15: Communication
TS 16: Signalling (4 bit for each TS)
TS 17 32 Communication
Framing:
1 sequence of 32 time slots = 1 PCM30 frame
1 sequence of 16 PCM30 frames = 1 multi-
frame containing in TS 16 once the signalling
information for all 32 time slots (2 times slots
are served with each PCM30 frame)
HDB3 coded DC-free signal at 120
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
Service and Maintenance
Local interface RS 232
Remote servicing via modem and telephone network
B Capacity
Radio up to 4000 radio customers
The actual capacity depends on the expected traffic load and the acceptable
blocking rate.
10.2 Radio System
B Frequency range (VHF/UHF)
Frequency ranges available
300.0 ... 308.0 / 336.0 ... 344.0 MHz
360.0 ... 361.6 / 370.0 ... 371.6 MHz
380.0 ... 390.0 / 390.0 ... 400.0 MHz
406.0 ... 413.0 / 423.0 ... 430.0 MHz
415.5 ... 420.0 / 425.5 ... 430.0 MHz
453.0 ... 457.5 / 463.0 ... 467.5 MHz
735.8 ... 747.0 / 779.8 ... 791.0 MHz
811.0 ... 817.0 / 856.0 ... 862.0 MHz
824.0 ... 828.5 / 869.0 ... 873.5 MHz
890.5 ... 895.5 / 935.5 ... 940.5 MHz
898.5 ... 905.0 / 943.5 ... 950.0 MHz
Other frequencies in the range 300 ... 500 MHz and 700 ... 1000 MHz avail-
able upon request
B Frequency bandwidth
Bandwidth, single Telecenter-H
2 x 1.6 MHz
Frequency reuse factor (cellular configuration)
6
Bandwidth/cell 10 MHz
B RF Transmission power
Telecenter-H 70 Watt / 48.5 dBm (maximum power at the an-
tenna socket)
Total power is independent of the number of
radio channels
Maximum power used is dependent on the
radio conditions in the area covered and any
other influences
Telelink-H 1.6 Watt / 32 dBm (maximum power at the an-
tenna socket)
B Minimum input signal level, receiver
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
Telecenter-H 96.5 dBm with signal/noise ratio = 35 dB
Telelink-H 82.0 dBm with signal/noise ratio = 35 dB
B Modulation
FM (of one organisation channel and all commu-
nication channels)
FM (of one organisation or one communication
channel)
Speech transmission Telecenter-H to Telelink-H: Single side band
amplitude modulation
Telelink-H to Telecenter-H: FM modulation
Data transmission Frequency shift keying
(2 stage FSK with 2400 bit/s)
B Multiplex and access procedure
Communication channels
FDM
FDMA/FM
Digital organisation channel
TDM
TDMRA
B Broadcasting range
Ideal radio propagation 30 km radius (19 miles)
Rural area, typically up to 20 km radius (13 miles)
Urban area (town) up to 10 km radius (6 miles)
B Type of antenna sockets
Telecenter-H Type N
Telelink-H Type TNC
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
10.3 Telecenter-H
B Weight and dimensions, cabinet with 3 shelves
Height 1530 mm
Width 900 mm
Depth 470 mm
Weight 220 kg max. (350 kg with batteries)
1
5
3
0
1
3
9
2
9
3
1
900
4
7
0
1730
Front view Top view
Figure 10-1
Telecenter-H cabinet, dimensions with doors open
B Environmental conditions
Operating temperature 5 ... 40C
Storage temperature 20 ... 60C
Relative humidity 20 ... 80% (non-condensing)
Installation height < 3000 m above sea level
B Distance from Telecenter-H to antenna
Cable length Up to 100 m, depending upon project
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
B Power supply
Supply voltage 48 V (... 60 V) DC
or
115/230 VAC, single phase, 47.5 ... 63 Hz
Power consumption < 1300 W (system with 118 communication chan-
nels)
Uninterruptible power supply
According to planned battery capacity
2 to 6 hours with internal batteries.
Other types of power supply upon request
B Noise generation
Each cabinet 50 dBA max. (fans)
B MTBF value (mean time between failures)
Telecenter-H Standard 6.5 years
Telecenter-H Compact 3.7 years
B Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Corresponds to the standard
ETS 300279
B Electrostatic discharge
Voltage < 15 kV
Electrostatic voltages of less than 15 kV do not cause operating interrup-
tions.
B Excess voltage protection (inputs)
According to guideline IEEE 587-1980
B Lightning protection of antenna system
According to guideline VDE 0855
According to standard preliminary ETS 300279
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
10.4 Telelink-H 2
B Weight and dimensions
Height 255 mm
Width 190 mm
Depth 78 mm
Weight ca. 1.1 kg without internal battery
ca. 1.7 kg with internal battery
2
5
5
7
8
190
Wall mounting feet
Front view Top view
Figure 10-2
Telelink-H 2, dimensions
Installation height < 3000 m above sea level
B Distance of customers apparatus Telelink-H antenna
Customers apparatus (telephone) to Telelink-H
Up to 4 km (2.5 miles) of cable length
(910 loop resistance)
Telelink-H to antenna Up to 3 m (10 ft) of cable length
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
B Power supply
Input voltage 12 ... 32 V DC, from external in-line power supply
Power consumption Standby: approx. 7 W
Operation: 15 ... 25 W
5.5 hours nominal at 100 mErl
(depending on traffic load: 1.5 ... 7.2 hours)
B MTBF value (mean time between failures)
Telelink-H 2 38.0 years
B Noise generation
No mechanical moving parts and therefore no noise generation
Transport temperature 30 ... 60C
Climatic class 3K3 according to IEC 721
Installation height < 3000 m above sea level.
B Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
Corresponds to the standard
EN 55011 Class B
B Electrostatic discharge
Voltage < 15 kV
Electrostatic voltages of less than 15 kV do not cause operating interrup-
tions.
B Excess voltage protection (inputs)
Guideline IEEE 587-1980
B Lightning protection of the antenna system
Guideline VDE 0855
Standard preliminary ETS 300279
Technical Data
Chapter 10
Telecell-H
10.5 Options
The following optional extras can be realised/supplied (further options
upon request):
B Custom development of features, software and hardware to sup-
port special customer requirements
B Telecenter-X interface adaptation and protocol converter for inter-
connection of Telecenter-H and local exchange if other protocols
than PCM30 E&M are to be used
B Generator for operation of the Telecenter-H independent of the
mains supply
B Solar panels for operation of the Telelink-H independent of the
mains supply
B Telelink-H with and without party line
B Wire line telephone customer connections using project specific
switches in the local exchange
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
11 Appendix
11.1 Notes Regarding System Selection
11.1.1 System Capacity
The numbers of customers which can be supported (connected) by a
Telecenter-H and a given communication channel number depends on:
B The average traffic each customer generates (usually denoted in Er-
lang or Erl; value includes outgoing and incoming calls; a value of 1
Erl would mean that the customer is continuously using the tele-
phone line)
B The blocking probability which is acceptable by the opera-
tor/customers (usually denoted in %, meaning x out of 100 call re-
quests are responded to by the system with a busy tone due to a lack
of free channels). A too high blocking probability gives the impres-
sion of a service below standard.
The following two charts and the corresponding tables show for differ-
ent blocking probabilities (1 and 5%) the correlation between the traf-
fic load (in Erl), the number of communication channels available and
the number of telephone customers which can be supported by one
Telecell-H system. A higher acceptable blocking probability or a lower
traffic load per customer would result in higher connection rates.
However, please note that if more customers are connected to the Tele-
cell-H system than it was originally designed for, it will continue to op-
erate in the usual way, only the blocking probability will rise. The limit-
ing number is 4000 phone numbers, which is the maximum the Tele-
center-H can handle due to the logic of the organisation channel and
the central radio controller FLS.
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
For comparison: The German Deutsche Telekom AG usually assumes
rather high traffic values of:
B 0.1 Erl per customer (50/50 mErl outgoing/incoming)
B 1% blocking probability
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
12
28
60
90
118
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
3200
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10
Channels
Traffic [Erl]
Customers
Figure 11-1
System capacity at 5% blocking probability
Number of channels
Erl 12 28 60 90 118
0.04 200 570 1370 2100 2900
0.05 160 460 1090 1700 2320
0.06 130 380 910 1400 1950
0.08 100 290 680 1050 1450
0.10 80 230 550 850 1160
Table 11-1
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
12
28
60
90
118
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
2800
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10
Channels
Traffic [Erl]
Customers
Figure 11-2
Number of channels
Erl 12 28 60 90 118
0.04 150 470 1175 1870 2575
0.05 120 380 940 1500 2060
0.06 100 310 780 1250 1700
0.08 75 230 590 950 1290
0.10 60 190 470 750 1030
Table 11-2
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
11.1.2 EIRP Charts
The radio system is designed for a standard broadcasting range up to 10
... 30 km (radius) according to radio conditions and antenna type. The
following charts show the relations between transmitting power, an-
tenna gains, antenna heights, frequencies and antenna distances. In
each chart the maximum EIRP for the device in question is marked
(32 dBm for the Telelink-H corresponding to 1.6 W output power and
48.5 dBm for the Telecenter-H corresponding to 70 W output power).
(EIRP: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power of antenna.)
900 MHz
800 MHz
700 MHz
500 MHz
300 MHz
100 100
10
1
100 100
10
1
80
40
48
0
10
EIRP
[dBm]
Frequency
Distance in km
Antenna height Telecenter-H 30 m
Antenna height Telelink-H 5 m
Antenna gain Telelink-H 0 dB
Figure 11-3
Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the frequency
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
900 MHz
800 MHz
700 MHz
500 MHz
300 MHz
100 100
10
100 100
10
1
20
80
40
32
0
EIRP
[dBm]
Frequency
Distance in km
Antenna gain Telecenter-H 0 dB
Figure 11-4
Broadcasting radius Telelink-H as function of the frequency
80
40
48
100
10
1 10
EIRP
[dBm]
0
15 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
50 m
Distance in km
Height of antenna
Telecenter-H
Frequency 850 MHz
Figure 11-5
Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the Telecenter-H antenna height
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
15 m
20 m
30 m
40 m
50 m
100 100
10 1
80
40
32
0
EIRP
[dBm]
20
Height of antenna
Telecenter-H
Distance in km
Frequency 850 MHz
Figure 11-6
Broadcasting radius Telelink-H as function of the Telecenter-H antenna height
3 m
5 m
7 m
100
40
48
100
50
1 10
EIRP
[dBm]
0
Height of antenna
Telelink-H
Distance in km
Frequency 850 MHz
Figure 11-7
Broadcasting radius Telecenter-H as function of the Telelink-H antenna height
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
3 m
5 m
7 m
11 100 10 1 100 10 1
100
0
50
50
32
EIRP
[dBm]
Height of antenna
Telelink-H
Distance in km
Frequency 850 MHz
Figure 11-8
Broadcasting Telelink-H as function of the Telelink-H antenna height
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
11.2 Technical Development and Trademarks
Technical Development
The information given herein has been compiled as carefully as possible,
nonetheless errors and omissions may occur in this manual.
KRONE AG reserves the right to change specifications without notice.
Trademarks
Telecell, Telecenter and Telelink are registered trademarks of KRONE
AG. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders
and are acknowledged.
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
11.3 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Please note: Explanations given herein are not intended as definition of
a term!
A
AC Alternating Current
A/D Analog/Digital (conversion)
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
Modulation
AF Audio Frequency
AKK Back-up battery set of Telecenter
ASCII American Standard Code for Informa-
tion Interchange
B
C
CAN bus Controller Area Network bus
CFC Central radio controller; controller and
service shelf of Telecenter-H Standard
CFX Central radio controller, service and
communication controller shelf of
CHFS RF section shelf of Telecenter-H Stan-
dard
CLK Clock
COM1, 2 Serial interface 1, 2
CPM Communication channel shelf of Tele-
center-H Standard
CRC Cyclic redundancy check, error check-
sum
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense with Multiple Access /
Collision Avoidance (access technique
for limited resources)
D
D/A Digital/Analog (conversion)
dB Decibel
dBm Decibel milli Watt
dBW Decibel Watt
DC Direct Current
DOS Disk Operating System (= OMS oper-
ating system)
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency (a tele-
communication standard for dialling
tones)
E
E1 Telecommunication interface standard
(type of PCM30 interface)
E&M Ear and Mouth. Telecommunication
signalling standard
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
(of an antenna)
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
Erl Erlang (unit for traffic load on tele-
communication systems)
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only
Memory (digital memory IC)
F
FAS Fixed Access wireless local loop System
FDM Frequency Division Multiplex (signal
transmission technique)
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access (ac-
cess technique for multiple access to a
common frequency range)
FLS Central radio controller of Telecenter
FM Frequency Modulation
FSK Frequency Shift Keying (modulation
technique)
G
GHF Main cabinet of the Telecenter-H
Standard with the shelves CHFS, CFC
and CPM
GSF Power supply cabinet of the Telecen-
ter-H Standard
GVF Communication channel extension
cabinet of the Telecenter-H Standard
with up to 3 CPM shelves
H
h hours
HDB3 High Density Bipolar of Order 3 (signal
coding technique)
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
HYBC Hybrid coupler and hybrid duplex filter
module of Telecenter-H Compact
HYBS Hybrid coupler and hybrid duplex filter
module of Telecenter-H Standard
Hz Hertz
I
IC Integrated Circuit (of electronic com-
ponents)
ID Identification (number)
IF Intermediate Frequency
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU International Telecommunication Un-
ion (head organisation of the UNO for
telecommunication standardisation)
J
K
kbit/s kilo bit per second
KCT Communication controller board of
Telecenter
kg Kilogram
kHz Kilo Hertz
km Kilometre
L
LED Light Emitting Diode
M
m Metre
MARS Multiple Access Radio System (a tele-
communication system for very thinly
but in clusters populated regions)
Mbit/s Mega bit per seconds
MFC Multi Frequency Code
MHz Mega hertz
ms Milli seconds
MSC Mass Storage Controller board of Tele-
center
N
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
O
O/GKA Organisation or communication chan-
nel controller board
OMS Operation and Maintenance System
P
PC Personal Computer
PC Card Personal Computer Card. Standard for
computer modules of about the size of
a credit card (formerly named PCMCIA
card)
PCM Pulse Code Modulation. Within this
manual it refers to a either
a signal line/bus type standardised
for telecommunication purposes
and which carries 30 communica-
tion channels at once [300 ... 3,400
Hz each] coded by pulse code
modulation
a board being the PCM bus inter-
face between the Telecenter-H and
the front-end protocol converter or
the overlay network
PCM30 Telecommunication interface standard
for the transfer of 30 communication
channels at once [300 ... 3,400 Hz each]
with the individual signals being PCM
coded. The standard does not specify
the type of signalling on the line.
PRI Primary Rate Interface (type of ISDN
interface)
Q
R
RAM Random Access Memory (digital mem-
ory IC)
RBS Radio Base Station
RF Radio Frequency
RS 232 Serial interface standard
RSSI Radio Signal Strength Indicator
Rx Receive, Receiver
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
S
S
2M
Type of ISDN interface
SAC Service and alarm module of Telecen-
ter consisting of the service board SCD
and the piggy back alarm board SCDA
SAT Satellite earth station
SCD/SCDA Refer to SAC
SCO Shelf COntroller board of Telecenter
SKC Transceiver head controller
SKR Receiver module
SKT Transceiver module
SKV RF power amplifier module
SKX RF module consisting of transceiver
head controller (SKC), transmitter low-
power amplifier (SKT) and receiver
amplifier (SKR)
SLIC Subscriber Line Interface Circuit
SMD Surface Mounted Device (elec-
tric/electronic devices without pins but
mounted directly onto the board)
SNR Signal/Noise Ratio
SPA Voice and tone messages generator
board of the Telecenter
SPS Shelf Power Supply board of Telecen-
ter-H Standard
SSB Single Side Band (modulation)
SSK Transceiver power supply of Telecen-
ter-H Standard
SVFC Main frequency splitter board of Tele-
center-H Compact
SVFS Main frequency splitter board of Tele-
center-H Standard
SVP Secondary frequency splitter board of
Telecenter-H
Sync Synchronisation
T
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TDMRA Time Division Multiplex Random Ac-
cess
TF Transfer Frequency
TIN Customer Identity Number
Tip/Ring Telephone equipment interface stan-
dard (interface consisting of two wires
for two-way communication)
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic (voltage re-
quirements standard for digital ICs)
TS Time Slot
Tx Transmission, Transmitter
U
UHF Ultra high frequency
UPS Uninterruptible power supply
USV Uninterruptible power supply module
of the Telecenter-H (common term for
USVS and USVC)
USVC Uninterruptible power supply module
of the Telecenter-H Compact
USVS Uninterruptible power supply module
of the Telecenter-H Standard
V
V Volt
VHF Very High Frequency
VIP Very Important Person (in this manual:
referring to a priority access feature
for customers requiring unconditional
access to the telecommunication sys-
tem)
VPS Very important Person Source, source
priority (feature flag for telephone
customers)
VPD Very important Person Disaster, source
priority in case of disaster (feature flag
for telephone customers)
W
W Watt
WLL Wireless Local Loop
X
Y
Z
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
11.4 Index
A
access file 6-36
administration of Telecell-H 9-1
air interface 5-1
B
billing 4-2
blocking probability 11-9
board file 6-36
board names 2-1
C
CFC shelf, contents 6-11
CFX shelf, contents 6-18
CHFC shelf, contents 6-17
CHFS shelf, contents 6-12
communication channel 5-5
communication channel controller 6-27
Compact, Telecenter 4-9
Concentrated interface 4-7
country areas, coverage 3-4
CPM shelf, contents 6-11
CRC-4 check 4-6
CTU 4-4
customer file 6-35
customer identical interface 4-7
customer identity number 8-8
customer terminal unit 4-4
D
disaster mode 8-6
E
EMC compatibility 6-36
emergency operation 3-5
emergency phone numbers 8-6
Environmental conditions 10-4
error file 6-36
exchange of hardware 9-5
external Interfaces 10-1
F
FDM base band 5-1
FDMA/FM 5-2
flexibility of Telecell-H, advantages 3-5
four line connection 5-1
frame alignment signal 4-6
frequencie ranges 5-4
frequency range (VHF/UHF) 10-2
frequency-division multiplex 5-1
FSK modulation 5-2
G
green alarms 9-6
H
HDB3 coding 6-26
I
installation, advantages 3-4
investment and costs, advantages 3-4
ITU-T standards 3-2
K
key elements of Telecell-H 3-1
L
Line Customers 4-11
listening into calls 8-8
local servicing of Telecell-H 9-5
lower frequency band 5-2
M
monitoring of Telecell-H 9-1
MTBF value 10-5, 10-7
N
number of customers supported 11-9
O
OMS, overview 4-4
Operation and Maintenance System, overview 4-4
operation of Telecell-H, advantages 3-5
organisation channel 5-6
organisation channel controller 6-28
P
party line 7-1
PCM E&M 4-6
PCM E&M specifications 10-1
power supply, Telecenter components 4-2
priority call request 8-7
protection against listening in 8-8
protection against unauthorised use 8-8
R
radio call number 8-8
radio channel controller, Telecenter components 4-1
radio signals 5-1
receiver, Telecenter components 4-2
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H
red alarms 9-6
remote servicing of Telecell-H 9-5
repair of hardware 9-5
S
SAC module and alarm output 9-6
security 8-8
security, advantages 3-5
security, overview 4-5
signalling channel 4-6
SLIC 7-2
software of Telecenter-H, overview 4-5
Standard, Telecenter-H 4-10
status config file 6-36
switching file 6-35
synchronisation channel 4-6
system data file 6-35
T
tapping of calls 8-8
Telecenter-H, overview 4-1
Telecenter-X, overview 4-2
Telelink-H 1 7-2
Telelink-H 2 7-2
Telelink-H, overview 4-4
Telephone customer identical interface 4-7
temporary facilities, coverage 3-4
time-out, call link 8-7
TIN 8-8
town areas, coverage 3-4
traffic load and system capacity 11-9
transmitter, Telecenter components 4-2
U
upper frequency band 5-3
Use of this manual 2-1
V
VIP priority 8-6
W
wireless local loop 3-1
Y
yellow alarms 9-6
Appendix
Chapter 11
Telecell-H

Telecell-H - Technical Description

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Telecell-H Technical Description

Wireless Local Loop

FDM base band (sum)

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