Topic 2 / Unit 8 [ Suggested answers to in-text activities ] Discussion (page 134) No fixed answer. This discussion serves as the starting point for the unit only. Students probably cannot explain he propetties of the solids by their structures at this Discussion (page 139) False Potassium bromide do not conduct electricity in solid state because the ions in it are held together by strong ionic bonds. The ions are not free to move. Diamond is very hard because it has a giant structure consisting of a network of covalent bonds, Discussion (page 144) 1 False Copper is a good conductor of heat due to the movement of mobi electror 2 False Oxygen has a low boiling point because the oxygen molecules are held together by weak van der Waals forces. 3. False Diy ice has a simple molecular structure while quartz has a giant covalent structure, ~@" Check Your Understanding (page 146) 1 a) tonic bond b) Giant ionic structure ¢) i) Zhas high melting point and boiling point. To melt or boil it, a lot of heat energy is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. ii) Zconduets el lectricity in molten state or aqueous solution because mobile ions are present. 2a ¥ b)_Y has a high melting point because a lot of heat energy is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms X has a low melting point bet energy is needed to separate the molecules. the van der Waals’ forces between the molecules are weak. Lit 164/ a) b) 22 3 7HPcneck Your Understanding (page 149) a) Substance Y has a high melting point and is a good conductor of el b) Substance X X has a high melting point and is very soluble in water. 2 Zis a covalent compound. The elements forming Z are non-metals, the 3 The attractive forces between water molecules are quite strong. The weak attractive forces between the molecules of Z and water molecules are not strong enough to overcome the attractive forces between the water molecules ong [ Suggested answers to exere Non-metal atoms Inpure erecrontansferbetween | electron sharing between metal mnatal atoms and non: non-metal atoms otal ato — ¥ _ ™ i ¥ Metalic tonic Covalent nd ond ond t gives substance ives substance gives substance with with with y Y 1 Giant metalic Giant ionie t \ structure structure Giant covalent Simple molecular | structure structure forces between forces within molecules molecules Zoeny! me fran 2 [ Covalent bonds is ito<= J ‘Substance Giant ionic jiant covalent |Simple molecul: Giant metallic 9 ucture | “vate” | "aucture" stture r : T a 1 |g” | sch IE a Electrical conductiviy| Good conductor in | Nor-conductor Usually anee? Potassium chioride | Quartz Water Aluminium ee Sue 4 | ‘Type of forces of attraction Sodium atoms in soaium metal | Metallic bonds b) Potassium bromide ©) Diamond Diamond consists of a network of covalent bonds, Element A is potassium and element B is oxygen. They react to form an ionic compound called potassium oxide (K,0). The compound is a solid and is soluble in water, It conducts electricity in molten state or aqueous solution