Loi gidi thiéu
Trong cdc ky thi tiéng Anh, thi sinh thuong phai viét mét hay nhiéu bai luan
dé danh gid kha nang sir dung ngén ngit. Day 1a mét phan. thi thuong gay
kh6 khan cho thi sinh vi khong chi danh gid trinh do théng thao ngén ngit
ma con kiém tra kién thite va kha nang suy luan, dién gidi van dé cia thi
sinh vé mét cha dé nao dé.
Neudi hoc chi cé thé viét thudn thyc mét bai ludn hay mot 1a thy tiéng
Anh khi da trai qua mot qué trinh luyén tap Jau dai voi nhiing ti ligu huéng
dan cy thé, khoa hoc. Quyén séch "136 Best Model Essays — Cac Bai
Luan Mau Hay Nhat’ nay, voi cdc bai luan thuc té trong nhiéu tinh hudng
sinh dng khdc nhau, sé cung cap cho ngudi hoc khong chi cdc bai mau ma
con trinh bay nhimng cach thir va bi quyét dé viét mét bai ludn hode mét 14
thir theo mét cht dé cy thé, nho dé gitip hoc vién cé thé 4p dung, didu chinh
va viét g Anh m6t c4ch ty tin hon.
Cac dé tai vidt trong sdéch ag cap dén nhiéu linh vuc khdc nhau cia cudc
séng nhu thuong mai, chinh tri, x4 hi, khoa hoc, ng6n ngit, nzhé thuat, hoc
tap, vui choi giai tri...
Dé gitip ngudi hoc ty rén luyén cho minh mt théi quen va phong cach
viét, ching t6i chi dich song ngtr mot 86 bai tiéu biéu dé gidi thigu. Cac bai
sau, chting t6i chi tom luge dan bai va chti giai tir khé dé hoc vién ty luyén
tap.
Trong lan cap nhat nay, ching t6i cung cdp thém mot sé théng tin co ban
vé bai thi viet cia hai ky thi tiéng Anh quan trong hién nay 14 TOEFL va
JELTS. Dong thoi dé gidp sngudi hoc lam quen véi hai dang bai thi nay,
chiing t6i cé dua vao mét sé bai Iuan mau va dé bai dé hoc vién tham khao
thém.
Chiing t6i tin tuéng ring cudn séch nay sé 14 mét tai ligu tra ctu hitu ich
va cn thiét cho cdc ban hoc sinh, sinh vién va nhitng ngudi dang lim viéc
trong cdc linh vyc lién quan dén tiéng Anh.
BAN BIEN DICH FIRST NEWS
eSPHUONG PHAP VIET BAI LUAN
1. Tam quan trong cua bai luan viét
Bai luan viét 1a hinh thirc higu qua nhat trong, sé cdc dang bai tap lam van
nham dénh gid su tié b6 cia hoc vién vé tinh d6 tiéng Anh. Dé viét mot
bai ludn hay, ngudi viét phai hiéu rd chu dé cing nhu biét céch sip xép
va trinh | bay cdc su kién theo m6t trinh ty logic. Hon nita phai dién dat
quan diém, tinh cam, y tuong, nhan thirc r6 rang, mach lac va hap din
bén canh van phong truyén cam, Tat ca ddi hdi kién thisc tir vung ving
chic, trf twong tugng phong phi va cach dién dat rd rang, linh hoat. Vi
thé viéc tham khao nghiém téc nhimg cuén séch chon loc 1a rat cdn thiét,
vi nhimng kién thite hoc hoi khai théc duge tir nhiing tac pham hay déu
gop phan phat trién kha nang bién luan, tu duy va viét lich & mét mite 49
nao dé.
Kha nang viet luan khéng chi quan trong trong thi ctr ma con hién
quan dén nhiéu van dé c4 nhan. Phai thira nhan rang chting ta dang séng
trong mot thé giGi ma théng tin van ban, vi du nher thu tir, d6ng vai tro
rat quan trong. Ngay nay, méi mét ngwdi dan c6 trinh a6 van héa déu
phai biét viét. Kha nang doc viét that su quan trong trong cuéc séng hién
dai. Su nghiép co thanh céng hay khéng con tiy thudc vao kha nang
truyén dat trong Khi néi va viét. Vi vay moi hoc vién nén hay thudng
xuyén thyc hanh viét luan vé nhiéu chu dé khéc nhau dé phat trién kha
nang viét van tri chay va linh hoat.
2. Nhieng chu y khi lam van
Mot trong nhang diém mau chét 46 vidt ludn tét 1a y tuéng chung vé mot
48 thi cu thé. Neu ngudi viét khong c6 nhimg ¥ tong gid tri, bai ludn
chac chin sé nghéo nan. Hon nia, néu duge miéu ta, dién dat khéo léo
thi cdc sy viéc binh thudng cing sé tré nén th vi. Tuy nhién, diéu quan
trong nhat IA c4u vin phai ro rang, khéng qué hoa my.
Su dién dat rd rang phu thudéc vao. su mach lac cla y tudng. Thong
thuong, chi khi da trai nghiém qua mot diéu gi d6 ri thi ngudi ta mdi cé
y twéng chinh xdc vé ‘nO. Vi vay trong bai tho, hoc sinh nén chon dé tai
minh yéu thich va biét ré hoac mét dé tdi khéu ggi tu duy hay viét vé
kinh nghiém cé nhan.
7_Trong gid hoe va trong céc ky thi, cdc 48 tai duoc dura ra dé kiém tra
kién thie cua ngudi viet. Tuy nhién nhu vay khong cé nghia 1a hoc vién
chi can biét rd dé tai minh chon 1a du. Quan trong hon, ngudi viét phai
dién dat sy viée bang ng6n ngtt don gian, hap dan, 6 higu luc. Vi vay
nén chon cho minh mét dé tai phi hgp, va néu cd thé, nén viét vé kinh
nghiém riéng trong cudc séng.
Ngoai ra, nhiing luu ¥ khdc vé bai ludn viét cing duge ban dén trong
nhiing phan tiép theo day.
3. Cac dang bai luan viét
Tay theo muc dich, bai luan viét tam thoi duge chia thanh nhiing dang
sau:
(A) The NARRATIVE ESSAY — van tudng thuat vé mét cau chuyén
ngan. ,
(B) The DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY — van miéu ta, trong 46 ngudi_ viét
sip xép su kién theo trinh ty logic, miéu ta ngudi hoac noi chén.
(C) The ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY -— van tranh luan, trinh bay cho
ngudi doc y kién ciia tic gid vé mot van dé tranh cai. Vi du: ky
luat 6 nha truong.
(D) The REFLECTIVE ESSAY — van ty lun, thé hin suy nghi cia
téc gia vé mét de tai. Vi dy: mo ude cla ti khi trang thanh.
(E) The EXPOSITORY hay FACTUAL ESSAY - van binh giang,
giai thich vé mét van dé cu thé, ching han: cach thire hoat déng
cua mdy dién thoai
(F) The GENERAL ESSAY ~ luan van tong, hop trinh hay chung
chung vé mét dé tai: may bay, tién bac v.v..
(G) The STRUCTURAL ESSAY - luan van két cdu, 6 day ngudi viét
dugc yéu cau viét theo nhiing chit diém cy thé.
Tuy nhién, khdéng nén bd hep vao sy phan loai trén. M6t dé tai c6 thé
duge viét dudi nhiéu thé loai. Ching han dé tai "Lam wun" 6 thé duge
viét theo 161 miéu ta hay tong hgp, nhung can thiét phai phan loai dé tai
true chit khong phai sau khi viét luan.
184. Cach thu thap tai ligu cho bai luan
Thé loai cua bai Ivan phai duge xdc dinh truéc khi bat dau viét bai. Mot
khi da phac hoa dan ¥ cua bai luan, ngudi viét dé dang x4y dung cau tric
cua phan than bai, phan chinh cia bai van truyén dat thong tin cla
ngudi viet cho ngudi doc.
Néu cé it théng tin vé dé tai mt bai binh ging chang han, ngudi viét
nén nghién ctru thém. Hay dén thu vién dé doc sich tham khao, tir dién
bach khoa toan thu, béo chi va nhing nguén van chuong thich hgp khéc
rat hitu dung. Khi doc can tém tat cdc su kién chit khéng nén sao chép
trong séch. Tuy nhién d6i khi mot hodc hai cum ti cing gitip fch rat
nhiéu cho viéc trau ddi tr vung va phong cach viét. Di vay, that may
min 1a trong cdc ky thi & trréng, cdc dé bai luan thudng don gian va céc
su kién dé tim. Mic 46 yéu cau tir duy va tri tuéng tugng cing khéng
cao lim.
"Nhung d6i khi cam himng va ngudn tai liéu that doi dao dén ndi ngwai
viét khong biét nén chon cdi gi va bé cdi gi. Vi vay chi cdn chon tr
ngu6n tai liéu nhiing gi can thiét cho dé tai sau khi suy xét ky cang. Cac
théng tin Iya chon phai 1a nhiing théng tin thd vj va hitu ich nhat.
Ngoai ra, tai ligu dé viét van cing c6 thé lay tr séch, béo, tap chi dinh
ky vA cdc loai tap chi khdéc. C4c chuong trinh phét thanh, trayén hinh,
phim anh cing gép phan lam phong phi kién thttc cia hoc sinh néu biét
cach str dung.
Cudi cing, phai thia nhan rang tri nho la site manh. BG nao cé thé luu
gitt mét lugng I6n théng tin va kién thie néu hoc vién chiu khé suy nghT
trong khi thu thap tu liéu dé viét dé tai. Ban bac va thao ludn voi ban bé
cling kich thich tri nho va vi vay thuong cung cap nguén y tuéng va kién
thie phong phu cho bai Iuan.
5. Cach lap dan y mét bai luan
Sau khi thu thap tai liéu, buéc tiép theo 1a lap dan y. Diéu nay doi hdi
. Ong viéc va suy nghi can than, béi vi sy thanh céng cua bai luan phy
thugc phan Idn vao dan y.
Trudéc tién, ngudi viét phai ghi chi ngay nhing sw kién va y tong
vita nay ra trong dau 6c minh. Sau dé phai sip xép va phan nhém cac su
ict phai xem xét ky cdc sy kign va y roi viét tiéu dé dé phan
. Chic tigu dé sé dai dién cho ting doan cua bai ludn van.
19Sau méi tiéu dé, ngudi viét phai sp xép sy kién va y¥ tudng theo trat
ty miéu ta.
D6 1a cong viée chuan bj dan y so lug¢. Dan | y nay can duge xem lai
va stra chita. Nhiing sy kién va y tuéng khéng can thiét, sau khi xem xét
can luge bd. Nhitng sy ki¢n va chi tiét mdi chgt nay ra trong suy nghi
cua ngudi viet can duge dua vao ché chinh xdc trong bai van. Can
chuyén nhiing su kién duge phan nhém sai vé dung vj tri cua né.
6. Nhieng nét quan trong cua dan bai
Nhing nét dc trung ctia dan bai va bai van duge viét tir dan bai 1A ma
bai va két ludn.
Thong thuong én mo bai mot cach ty nhién. Mé bai nén cung cap
thdng tin can thiét 48 hiéu phan than bai. Vi vay o phan mo bai nén dua
vao tén cdc nhan vat, canh tugng hay tinh huong cia bai van. T6m lai
phan mo bai chi 1a mt doan ngin cia dan y.
Phan két luan cia bai van nén gay an tugng cho ngudi doc néu 6 thé.
M6t bai lugn hay 6 thé bj 1am hong hoi mot két luan nghéo nan. Hon
nita chinh phan két luan 48 lai nhing An tuong cudi cing quyét dinh
diém cba bai van. Vi vay phan két ludn nén bao gém mot cau hay doan
van ngin t6m tit toan bd van dé bai juan. Phan nay can xudt hién trong
dan y dudéi hinh thirc mét doan van ngan.
Cu6i cing, cdn chi y dén su can déi cia dan ¥ cing nhu cua bai Ivan.
Trong tam chi y 1a 6 nhiing van dé quan trong, chiém phan Ion bai Ivan.
Nhiing van dé kém quan trong hon duge viét ngin hon va phan nao it
quan trong nhat duge viét ngan nhat.
Sau day 1a vi dy cia m6t dan bai vai cha 4 "Gid tri cita du lich".
Gia tri cia du lich.
Doan 1: MG bai: So sdnh khat vong du lich cla con ngudi voi nhu cau duge
bay cua chim.
Doan 2: So sanh su di lai truéc day va hién nay:
Trude day (i) khong c6 dudng sé; (ii) khong c6é phuong tign. Vi vay
di lai rat khé khan, hoat d6ng con ngudi bi han ché,
Hién nay: (i) rat nhiéu dudng sé, (ii) rat nhiéu phuong tién giao
théng. Vi vay hoat dng cita con ngudi khéng bi han ché nita, cho
thay nhu cau manh mé vé di lai.
20Doan 3: Du lich cung cap cho con ngudi nhing co héi nhu: mé rong kién
thitc — gap gé nhiéu ngudi 6 nhiéu ving, mién khdc nhau — hiéu biét
nhing phong tuc van hhéa nude ngoai - tham viéng nhimg danh lam
thang canh — mé r6ng tam nhin — hoc ngoai ngir.
Doan 4: {ch igi cia du lich
Viée tiép xc vi nguéi mréc ngoai gitip ching ta:
(i) hiéu nhiing suy nghi va théi d6 cua ho.
(ii) biét vé 161 séng va niém tin cla ho
(iii) hoc hoi kinh nghiém tir sy that bai va thanh céng cla ho
(iv) thiét lap quan hé ban bé
(v) dy lai méi nghi ngo
(vi) hop tac va trao déi ¥ kién, kién thirc, quan diém voi nhau
Doan 5: Két juan
Khat vong phiéu luu va hoc hoi cia con ngudi 14 v6 tén. Con ngudi
sé lu6n luGn thich du lich.
THE ESSAY:
When man first looked at the bird flying in the sky and wandering away
into the unknown regions of the earth, he at once felt the urge to travel
and visit the lands beyond his immediate confines. This urge to travel is
still so strong that people everywhere are always going to other lands to
satisfy the urge.
That travel improves the mind and adds to a person's knowledge
cannot be denied. When a person travels he visits people of all races and
places. He meets people whose customs and habits are not the same as
his. He passes through areas of different climates and regions where even
the plants and animals are different from those found in his own country.
As he sees all these things he begins to realise how different the people
and places are in different parts of the world. He also begins to learn that
the struggles and occupations of the people in all parts of the earth are
not the same. The work of the people of a country is influenced by
geographical factors and religious beliefs.
The traveller also learns that though the people of the world do not
follow the same customs and do the same kind of work everywhere, yet
their feelings, hopes and desires are the same everywhere. A man in the
21North Pole has the same feelings of love, sympathy and desperation as
another in another distant part of the earth. They both laugh at and fight
and struggle for the same thing such as food, love and security for their
families and themselves. They also have the same hopes and desires.
Knowledge of all these things improves the mind of the traveller to a
great extent. He ceases to suspect strangers and becomes more friendly
with people who are not of the same race, religion and customs as he is.
Finally, travel helps one to know about the geographical differences
of the various countries of the world. One sees with one's own eyes and
rernembers things which are not written about in any book. Such
knowledge broadens one's mind and makes one a better and more
reasonable person. The value of travel is therefore not difficult to realise.
BAI LUAN
22
Khi lan dau tién nhin vé nhimng canh chim tung bay trén bau troi va luét
xa din vé nhiing ving dat chua timg duge biét dén trén tréi dat, con
ngudi ngay lap tic cam thy sur théi thie phai ra di va viéng tham nhitng
ving dat bén kia ranh sidi quen thugc cia minh, Sy théi thtic ay gid day
van con manh mé dén ni 6 dau va Itic nao cing cd nhing ngudi dang du
lich dén nhitng xir sé khdc dé théa man sy thiic giuc nay.
Kuong thé pha nhan rang chinh du lich da mé mang tri 6c va kién
thie con ngudi. Khi du lich ta c6 thé tham viéng ngudi din thude moi
ching tdc va xir so. Ta cé thé gap g@ nhttng ngudi c6 phong tuc va théi
quen khong giéng minh. Ta cé thé di qua nhiing ving dat c6 khi hau
khac nhau va nhiing noi ma ca cay céi va thi vat fing khdc véi 6 nude
minh. Khi chimg kién nhimg diéu nay, ta bat dau nhan ra su khdc biét
gitta con ngudi y va canh vat 6 nhitng phan khéc nhau cia thé gidi. Ta
cting bat dau hiéu ring nhitng cugc dau tranh va chiém hétu cua con
ngudi trén trai dat khong nhu nhau. Céng vigc cla ngudi dan 6 mot quéc
gia bj anh hung boi cdc yéu té dia ly va tin ngudng.
Nguoi hay du lich cing hiéu duge rang cho di cc dan téc trén thé
gidi khong cé cing phong tuc tap quan va cling khéng lam cdc céng viée
gidng nhau, nhung nhimng tinh cam, hy vong va mo udc cua ho thi 6 dau
cing vay. Mét ngudi & séng & Bic cyc cing c6 cam gidc yéu thuong,
cam théng va tuyét vong nh bat ky ai khéc - song tai mét ving dat khac
trén trai dat. Ca hai cling cudi, cing tranh dau va vat 16n vi nhiing ly do
nhu nhau nhu thuc pham, tinh yéu thuong va su an toan cho gia dinh va
ban than. Ca nhimng uéc mo va khat vong cua ho cing giéng nhau.Kién thite vé nhimg diéu nay giip mo mang trf tué cua nha du lich rat
nhiéu. Ta sé kh6ng con nghi ng& nhing ngudi la nita, va tro nén than
thién hon véi nhitng ngudi khong cing ching téc, tén gido va phong tuc
cua minh.
Cudi cing, du lich gitip ta hiéu biét vé nhing khac biét dia ly gitta cdc
quéc gia khac nhau trén thé gidi. Ta duge nhin tan mat va ghi nhé 5 nhimg
diéu ma khéng mét quyén sach nao da timg ghi chép. Nhing kién thir
nhu thé mo rong tri 6c va lam cho ngudi ta tot hon, dé chiu hon. Gid tri
cua du lich vi the rat dé nhan thay.
. Mét diém quan trong ctia bai luan
Mét dac diém quan trong trong bai luan 1a “sy chuyén tig > hay tha
thudt chuyén y tr mét doan sang doan tiép theo. Nguoi viét khong nén
nhay tir y nay sang y khdc ma khong chi ra sy lién hé cla doan sau véi
doan trudc. Phan cudi cia mot doan 1a chuan bi cho doan ké tiép. DGi khi
can vid mot cau 6 cudi doan chi don thuan dé cho thay su lién hé voi
nhiing gi tiép sau ma kh6ng phai cung cap thém théng tin.
Trong mét bai luén, can phai chii trong dén nhiing diém sau:
(i) Ngit phap
(ii) Trat tw chinh xdc cua tir
(iii) Dau cham
(iv) Bién déi d6 dai va hinh thitc cau van
(v) Sy trong sing
Nén trénh nhiing diéu sau:
(i) Te I6n
(ii) Ter viet tat, ngoai trir nhimg tr duge chap nhan nhu 'Mr"
(iii) Su: dung thudng xuyén tir "tdi"
(iv) Ng6n ngif gia tao
Cudi cing, sau khi da viét xong bai luan nén doc lai can than. Cn stra
46i va bd sung nhimng ché can thiet.
2324
1. LIFE IN THE CITY
Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of
people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is
broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open,
students flock' to their schools and the day's work begins. The city now
throb’ with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers’,
tourists and others visit many places of interest in the city while
businessmen from various parts of the world arrive to transact business‘.
Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close.
Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other
means of transport’. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. As a
result of this rush, many accidents occur. One who has not been to the
city before finds it hard to move about at this time. Soon, however, there
is almost no activity in several parts of the city. These parts are usually
the business centres.
With the coming of night, another kind of activity begins. The streets
are now full of colourful lights. The air is cooler and life becomes more
leisurely. People now seek entertainment. Many visit the cinemas, parks
and clubs, while others remain indoors to watch television or listen to the
radio. Some visit friends and relatives and some spend their time reading
books and magazines. Those who are interested in politics discuss the
latest political developments. At the same time, hundreds of crimes are
committed’, Thieves and robbers who wait for the coming of night
become active, and misfortune’ descends upon* many. For the greed? ofa
few, many are killed, and some live in constant fear. To bring criminals
to justice", the officers of the law are always on the move",
Workers and others who seek advancement in their careers attend
educational institutions which are open till late in the night. Hundreds of
them sit for various examinations every year. The facilities'* and
opportunities that the people in the city have to further their studies and
increase their knowledge of human affairs are indeed many. As a result,
the people of the city are usually better informed than those of the
village, where even a newspaper is sometimes difficult to get.
The city could, therefore, be described as a place of ceaseless activity.
Here, the drama of life is enacted every day.NEW WORDS:
1. flock [flok] (v) /0 lot kéo dén; tu tdp, qudy quan
throb [@rab] (v) rén rang, rén lén; rung déng
. Sight-seer ['sait,si:a] (n) nguéi di tham quan
. transact [treen'zeekt] (v) thuc hién, tién hanh; giai quyét
- Means of transport [mi:nz av 'treenspo:t] phuong tién van chuyén
. commit [ka'mit] (v) pham phai
. misfortune [mis'fa:tfn] (n) su‘ rui ro, su bat hanh; diéu khéng may
. descend upon [di'send a'pon] (v) dp xudng bat ngd, dén bat ngo
. greed [gri:d] (n) tinh tham lam
10. to bring s.o. to justice [brin ta 'd3astis] dem ai ra toa, truy té ai
tai toa
11. on the move [5n da mu:v] di chuyén
12. facility [fe'siliti] (n) diéu kién thudn loi, phuong tién dé dang
WONANRWN
Cuge séng é thanh thj
Cusc séng 6 thanh thi rét nhén nhip. Tit t6 mo sdng hang tram nguoi ta
ra khoi nha nhw dan kién vé 16. Chang bao lau sau duéng pho dong
nghet xe c6. Cac cita hang va van phong mo cita. Hoc sinh hoi ha cap
sdch dén trucng va mor ngay ld lam viéc bat ddu. Gid day thanh pho hoa
d6ng nh6n nhip va day ap tiéng huyén ndo. Hang trim nguoi ngoan
canh, du khdch va nhiéu ngudi khdc viéng tham nhitng thang canh cua
thanh phé trong khi cdc doanh nhan tit nhiéu noi trén thé gioi dén trao
doi cong vige lam an.
Tréi vé chiéu, nhiing van Phong va trong hoc bat dau dong cua.
Nhiéu cia hang cling déng cita. Lic nay dién ra mét cudc dé x6 d6n xe
buyt va cdc phuong tién van chuyén khdc. Duéng nhuc moi nguoi déu voi
vd vé nha.
Két qua cua su voi va nay la nhiéu tai nan xay ra. Nhing ai chua
timg dén thanh pho cam thdy khé ma di lai vao gid nay. Tuy vdy, khong
bao léu sau mt 56 khu vec ctia thanh pho nhu ngimg hoat dong. Nhiing
noi nay thong la cdc trung tam kinh doanh.
Dém xuéng, mét hinh thite hoat d6ng khéc ai bat déu. Duong pho
tran ngdp dnh dén mau. Bau khong khi diu xudng va cuéc séng tro nén
2526
the tha hon. Gio’ day nguwodi ta tim dén nhitng thi vui gidi tri. Nhiéu
nguoi dén rap chiéu béng, céng vién va cau lac bd, trong khi nhitng
ngwoi khdc &' nha xem ti vi va nghe dai phat thanh. Cé ngudi di tham ban
bé va ba con. Cé nguoi danh thi gid doc sch va tap ché. Nhiing ngudi
quan tam dén chinh tri ban ludn vé nhitng sw kién chinh tri ndng héi.
Cling trong thoi gian nay, hang tram vu trom cup dién ra. Trém cuép
cho dém audng dé hoat dong, va van rui s€ dp xudng nhiéu nguoi. Chi vi
long tham cia mot 86 it nguoi ma nhiéu ngwoi da bi giét, va nhiéu nguci
khdc phai song trong canh so hai trién mién. Dé dua téi pham ra trudc
cong ly, cdc vien chitc ludt phap ludn luén sain sting hanh déng.
Nguoi lao déng va nhitng ngudi muén tién trién trén con duong céng
danh su nghiép cua minh thi tham gia cdc lop hoc ban dém. Méi nam cé
hang tram nguci trong so ho tham dir vao nhiéu ky thi khde nhau. Céc
phuong tién va co héi danh cho nguci dan thanh thi dé mo rong hoc hdi
va gia tang kién thite nhdn sinh the sue rat phong phi. Do d6 nguéi dan
6 thanh phé luén ném bat théng tin nhanh hon nguoi dan ving néng
thén, noi ma cé khi ngay dén mét té bdo ciing khé kiém.
Tom lai thainh thi c6 thé néi la noi cia nhitng hoat déng khéng nging
nghi. Chinh tai day, vo kich cudc doi tai dién mdi ngay.
2. LIVING IN A MULTIRACIAL COMMUNITY
Living in a community where there are people of various races' could be
a rewarding and an exciting experience. Such a community is like a
small world with many types and races of people in it.
Everyone, young or old, enjoys listening to stories about people in
other lands. We read books and newspapers to learn about the habits,
customs and beliefs” of people who do not belong to our race, but when
we live in a community composed* of many races, we have the
opportunity to meet and talk with people or various races. We can tearn
about their customs and beliefs directly from them. In this way, we have
a better understanding of their ways of life. For example, in Singapore
and Malaysia, which are known as multi-racial’ countries, Malays,
Chinese, Indians and others have lived together for several decades?
They have learnt a lot about the cultures of one another, more than what
they could have learnt by reading books or newspapers. By living
together, they have also absorbed® many of the habits of one another to
their common benefit.Further, living in a multi-racial community teaches us how to respect
the views and beliefs of people of other races. We learn to be tolerant and
to understand and appreciate the peculiarities’ of those who are not of
our race. In this way, we lear to live in peace_and harmony with®
foreigners whose ways of life are different from ours in several respects.
We become less suspicious of strangers and foreigners.
The relationship that develops among the people from common
understanding in a multi-racial community makes life in such a
community very exciting. Any celebration of any race becomes a
celebration of all the other races. Thus, there is a lot of fun and
excitement during every celebration. In this way, better understanding is
promoted” among the peoples of the world. Through each of the races of
the people in a multi-racial community, we come to know about their
respective countries. For example, through the Chinese and the Indians in
Malaysia or Singapore we have come to know much about China and
India. As a result, we have a better understanding of the peoples of China
and India as a whole’,
It could therefore be said that life in a multi-racial community teaches
us many useful lessons in human relations.
NEW WORDS:
1. race [reis] (n) chung téc, giéng nguéi
2. belief [bi'li:f] (n) tin nguéng
. composed [kam'pawzd] (adj) gdm cd, bao gém
. multi-racial [malti'reif!] (adj) da chung téc, nhiéu ching téc
. decade ['dekeid] (n) thdi ky mudi ndm, thdp ky
. absorb [ab'so:b] (v) Adp thu
. peculiarity (pi,kju:li'eerati] (n) tinh chat riéng, nét riéng biét, nét
dac biét
8. in peace and harmony with [in pi:s and 'ha:mani wid] trong hod
binh va hoa thuén
9. promote [pra'mast] (v) ndng cao; xuc tién, day manh
10. as a whole [az a heal] adi chung, todn bd
NOUR
27Séng trong m6t céng dong da ching téc
Sdng trong mét céng déng ma cdc cu dan thuéc nhiéu ching tbc khdc
nhau c6 ‘thé la m6t trai nghiém thi vi va bé ich. M6t cng déng nhue thé
ciing giéng nhue mot thé gidi thu nho gdm nhiéu sdc t6c va kiéu tinh cach.
Tat cd moi ngudi, dit gia hay tré, déu thich nghe chuyén ké vé nhitng
ngudi dan xtr khdc. Ching ta doc sdch, bdo dé biét vé nhitng thoi quen,
Phong tuc va tin nguéng ctia cdc dan t6c khdc, nhung khi ching ta song
trong mét cong déng da sdc t6c, ching ta cé co hdi gap 36 va trd chuyén
vdi ngudi dan thuéc nhiéu ching t6c khdc nhau. Ching ta cé thé truc
tiép hoc hoi vé nhimg phong tuc va tin nguéng cia ho. Bang cach nay,
ching ta cé thé hiéu nhiéu hon vé Idi séng cia ho. Chang han nhu tai
Singapore va Malaysia, nhiing nude dugc xem la da sac t6c, ngudi Ma
Lai, Trung Quéc, An Dé va cdc sée dan khéc da chung séng voi nhau
qua vai thap ky. Ho da hoc hoi rat nhiéu vé van héa cua nhau ma viéc
doc sdch bdo khéng thé sénh bang. Qua viéc chung séng véi nhau, ho
cing da tiép thu nhiéu tap quan ctia nhau dé mang lai loi ich chung cho
céng dong.
Thém vao dé, cudc song trong mét cong dong da sdc téc day cho ta
biét t6n trong quan diém va tin ngudng cia dan téc khde. Ching ta biét
khoan dung, hiéu biét va danh gid cao nét dac tha cia nhiing ngudi
khéng thugc ching téc minh. Bang cach nay, ching ta hoc chung song
trong héa binh va hoa thudn voi nhiing nguoi ngoai quéc ma Idi séng
cua ho khdc ching ta trén vai phuong dién. Ching ta tro nén it nghi ngai
nhitng ngudi la va ngudi nwdc ngodi.
Méi quan hé nay sinh gitta cdc dan téc tie se hiéu biét chung trong
m6t cOng déng da sac toc fam cho cuge séng trong cong déng nhw thé
vui thich va thit vi trong moi mét dip ie AGi. ining cach nay, su hiéu b
lan nhau giita cdc dan t6c trén thé gidi duoc day manh. Théng qua mdi
mot dan t6c trong cong dong da ching 6c, ching ta dan dan hiéu biét vé
quoc gia mat ho la dai dién. Chang han, thong qua ngudi Trung Quée va
An Bé 6 Malaysia hay Singapore, ching ta biét nhiéu vé Trung Hoa va
An Dé. Vi vay ching ta hiéu nhiéu hon vé tong thé dan téc va dat nudc
Trung Hoa va An Dé.
Vi thé c6 thé néi rang cuéc song & mé6t cng déng da ching t6c day
cho ta nhiéu bai hoc hitu ich vé méi quan hé ctia con ngudi.
283. A VISIT TO A FAMOUS CITY
. A few months ago my father and I visited Singapore, one of the most
famous cities in Asia.
Singapore, a small island, lies at the southern and of West Malaysia.
A long and narrow piece of land joins Singapore with Johore Hahru, the
southern-most town of West Malaysia. Singapore is now an independent
state,
The city of Singapore is extremely beautiful. It is well known for its
centres of business and other activities. There are many places of
interest’ such as the Tiger Balm Garden, the Botanical Gardens and
Raffles Museum. There are also many important centres of learning such
as the University of Singapore, Science Centre, the Nanyang University
and the Polytechnic. Being a famous city, hundreds of people come
every day from various parts of the world to do business or to enjoy the
sights of the city. Singapore therefore has large and beautiful airports and
its harbours are full of ships.
There are many night schools where people who cannot go to the day
schools for some reason or other can continue their studies. And, the
government of Singapore is still doing its best to make further
improvements in the city for the benefit of the people.
During my stay in Singapore, I went out every day with my father to
see the beautiful and interesting places and things in the city. One day we
went to the Tiger Balm Garden where I saw several statues of people,
animals and other strange creature” beautifully made and kept. The sea
near this garden makes this a pleasant place to visit. We spent almost half
of the day at this place.
Another day we visited the museum where I saw hundreds of curious’
things preserved for scholars‘ and others. It was indeed an education to
see all those things. There is so much to learn here that every visit by any
person is sure to add to his knowledge.
[also visited some of the harbours and saw the large ships anchored?
there. The sight of the ships aroused a desire® in me to cross the oceans
and go round the world. I was indeed deeply impressed” by the activities
at the harbour.
Then every night, I went round the town and visited some of the parks
and other places of interest. The numerous lights" and the constant
29stream of traffic kept the city alive. I visited a few of the cinemas as well.
In short, I enjoyed every moment of my stay in this famous city of
Singapore.
NEW WORDS:
1 places of interest [pleisiz av 'intrast] nAding vung dang chi y, nhiing
vung thi vi
. strange creatures [streind3 'kri:t{a] ming sinh vat la
. curious [‘kjuarias] (adj) ham hiéu biét; to mo, hiéu ky
anchor [‘aenka] (v) 6d neo, thé neo
arouse a desire [a'ravz a di'zaia] gov /én su’ khao khat
. impress [im'pres] (v) gay an tuong
numerous lights ['nju: maras laits] nhiéu dnh dén
. scholar ['skaia] (n) thanh phan tri thitc
MONANARYWN
Tham viéng m6t thanh phé néi tiéng
Cach day vai thang, bo ti va toi di tham quan Singapore, mét trong
nhiing thanh phé néi tiéng nhat chau A.
Singapore la m6t hon dao nho nam & phia nam va thudc mién Trung
Tay Malaysia, M6t dai dat nhé va hep néi lién Singapore voi Johore
Bahru, thanh phé cue nam cia ving Tay Malayxia. Singapore hién nay
la mét quéc gia déc ldp.
Thanh phd Singapore cuc kp diém 1é. N6 noi tiéng boi nhiing trung
tam budn bdn va cdc hogt déng khdc. C6 nhiéu thang canh nhw Vuwon
Tiger Balm, Von sinh hoc va Vién Bao tang Raffles. Ngodi ra con cb
nhiéu trung tam nghién ctu quan trong nhu Dai hoc tong hop Singapore,
Trung tdm khoa hoc, Dai hoc Nanyang va Dai hoc Bach khoa. Vi la mot
thanh pho n ig nén hang ngdy cé hang trém ngwoi te cdc nwéc khdéc
nhau trén thé gidi dén dé lam viéc hay chiém nguéng canh quan thanh
phd. Vi thé Singapore 6 nhimg san bay 10 va dep, con nhiing hai cang
cua nd lic nao ciing tap ndp tau be.
C6 nhiing lép hoc ban dém cho nhiing ngudi khéng thé dén trucing
vao ban ngay vi mot ly do nao dé dé ho tiép tuc hoc tap. Ya hién nay
chinh phi Singapore dang lam hét stec minh dé ngay cang phat trién
thanh phé vi loi ich cho nguoi dan Singapore.Trong khi ding chan o Singapore, hang ngdy tdi ra pho dao choi voi
bo va ngam nhin canh vat thi vi va dep dé cua thénh pho. M6t ngay no
106i dén vitén Tiger Balm noi t6i thay cé vai bite twong nguoi, nhiéu lodi
thi va nhiing tao vét la kp duoc tao tac va gin giit rat céng phu. Chiing
106i & dé gan nia ngay.
Chiing t6i ciing tham quan vién bao tang, 6 d6 toi thdy hang tram thi
quy gid duoc gitt gin cho cdc hoc gid va nhiing nguoi khéc. That la mét
Gp Khi. duoc xem tat ca céc vat nay. O day cé rat nhiéu diéu
dé hoc hoi dén ndi bat ck ngudi nao dén tham vién bdo tang cting cé
thém kién thitc cho minh.
Téi ciing di thm vai hai cang va thay nhitng con tau lon tha neo &
a6. Canh tong, tau bé khudy d6ng trong 16i woc muén vuot dai duong ai
vong quanh | thé gidi. Cac hoat dong & bén cang that sue gdy cho toi dn
tuong sdu sdic.
Roi méi dém 16i déu di i quanh thanh phé viéng tham nhiing cong vién
va thang canh khéc. V6 sé anh dén va dong xe c6 bat tan lam thanh pho
rat song dong. Téi cing dén tham m6t vai rap chieu bong. Tém lai toi
yéu thich méi khodnh khac ti song tai thanh phé Singopore néi tiéng
nay.
4. MODERN INVENTIONS
Modern inventions have made life more comfortable’ than what it was
before. More and more new things are being made in all countries
throughout the world to make life even more comfortable.
In the past men had great difficulty in® ploughing their lands to grow
food. But, today, giant’ machines are used to plough* thousands of acres
of land. As a result’, more food can be grown in a shorter time than was
possible before. Food grown in one country is sent to another country
where it is needed badly. To carry the food motor-vehicles, steam-ships®
and various other means of transport have been invented. Shortage of
food’ in one place no longer causes anxiety* as it can be brought from
another place within a very short time.
The invention’ of the means of transport has also made it possible for
people to work in places miles away, and children can attend schools in
distant places. In the past, this was not possible. The children of today
are therefore better educated than those of the past. Invention of the
31means of transport has also increased human activity. A man can now go
to several places, and do a variety of things in a day's time.
Other inventions like the radio and the telephone have also
contributed much to human progress'’. The radio keeps us informed
about developments'' in other parts of the world. We do not have to
travel to know what is happening in places away from our homes. The
telephone too is a convenient means of knowing about others, miles
away. It helps in business transactions by reducing time and travel. A
businessman in one town can talk to another in another town, several -
miles away, to do some important business. In all these ways, people are
able to do many things without much loss of time'®.
In the same way, every invention has helped to increase our comforts.
Television, for example, now makes it possible for people to stay at
home and enjoy. At the same time, however, modern inventions have
caused many deaths and much sorrow"? to many people. Motor vehicles
and other machines have killed hundreds of people. Many have lost their
hands or legs, and accidents continue to occur in every increasing
numbers. Yet modern inventions have made the world what it is today.
NEW WORDS:
1. comfortable ['kamfatabl] (adj) tién lol, du tién nghi; dm cing; dé
chiu, thoai méi
. have great difficulty in [haev greit ‘difikalti in] gap nhiéu khdé khan
trong viéc
. giant [‘d3aiant] (adj) khdng 16, phi thutng
. plough [plaw] (v) cay, bua, xdi
. as a result [zez a ri'zalt] két qua /a
. steam-ship ['sti:mfip] (n) tau chay bang hoi nuéc
. shortage of food ['So:tid3 av fu:d] su thiéu thén thuc phém
. anxiety [aen'zaiati] (n) mdi lo au; mdi ban khodn; su‘lo fing
. invention [in'venfn] (n) su‘ phat minh, su sdng ché
10. human progress [‘hju:man 'praugres] su phat trién cua nhén loai
11. development [di'velapmant] (n) su phat trién
12. without much loss or time [wi'davt matf los av taim] Khdng mét
nhiéu thoi gian
13. sorrow (n) ['sorav] (n) su’ dau khé, su’ budn phién; néi dau buén
N
CONOUDW
32. \
Nhing phat minh hién dgi
Nhimg phat minh hién dai dé lam cho doi song dé iu hon trudc, Cang
ngay cang cé nhiéu vat dung mdi dwgc san audt & tat ca céc nuée trén
thé gidi lam cho cuéc song thoai mdi hon.
Truéc day con nguoi vap phai khé khan 1 trong viéc cay dat dé trong
trot. Nhung ngay nay nhitng may méc khéng 16 duoc sit dung dé cay
hang ngan mau dat. Vi thé ngudi ta cé thé thu hoach dugc nhiéu thuc
pham hon chi trong mé6t thoi gian ngdn so voi truéc day. Thee pham
trong & mot nudc duoc giti toi nhitng nudbc khdc cé nhu cau. Nhing xe
gan dong co, tau thity hoi nuéc va cde Phuong tién giao thong khéc da
dugc phat minh dé chuyén cho thuc pham. Su thiéu thon thc pham o
m6t noi nao dé khéng con 1a moi lo ngai nita vi ngudi ta co thé mang
thuc pham tit noi nay sang noi khde trong m6t thdi gian rat ngan.
Nhiing phat minh khéc nhu méy thu thanh va dign thoai cing gop
phan vao sw tién b6 ctia nhén logi. Méy thu thanh gitip ching ta nam
dugc thong tin vé nhiing su phat trién cia cdc quoc sia trén thé gidi.
Ching ta khéng phai di dén nhimg noi xa xbi dé biét bién tinh hinh
6 a6. Dién thoai ciing la mét phuong tién thudn loi dé bi 41 nhimg gi xay
ra G noi khdc cach dé hang dam. N6 nit ngan thdi gian va gidm viéc di
lai trong kinh doanh giao dich. Doanh gia ctia m6t thanh pho 6 thé néi
chu Gi déi tc lam an 6 mét thanh phé khdc cach 6 vai dam dé trao
déi vé mét thuong vu quan trong. Negay nay voi nhiing phat minh hién
dai ngudi ta cé thé lam nhiéu chuyén ma khong phdi mat thoi gian.
Méi mé6t phat minh déu gdp phan lam gia tang sw tién nghi trong doi
song ching ta. Chdng han nhue ngay nay ching ta cé thé G nha xem v6
tuyén truyen hinh, Tuy nhién cing hic dé, nhimng phat minh hién dai da
gy chét chée va dau buén cho moi ngudi. Xe gan may va nhimg may méc
khée da giét chét hang tram ngudi. Nhiéu nguéi mat tay hoac mat chan va
tai nan lién tuc xudt hién theo con sé. ngay cang gia tang. Tuy nhién ciing
chinh nhing phat minh hién dai da lam nén thé gidi ngay nay.
5. ADVENTURE IN A FOREST
A few months ago some of my -mates' and I made a trip to Borneo
with our Geography teacher to seek adventure in the forests of Borneo.
Soon after our arrival in Borneo, we made all the preparations and
began our journey to the forest early one morning. After miles of travel
33through the forest, we arrived at an open space. As it was already late in
the evening, we decided to erect” our tent’ and spend the night there.
Night soon fell on this place and we lighted our oil lamp.
Feeling tired, we had our meal early and went to bed. There was
silence all around; but soon, creatures that love the night world became
active. The forest was now full of frightful noise. Breaking through this
noise, came another noise, more frightening; the noise of native drums.
And as the minutes slipped by, it seemed to come nearer and nearer. We
all froze into* deathly silence’. The tension mounted rapidly, but still
nothing happened. Then, as suddenly as it began, the noise stopped. We
were alarmed. We were now sure that some natives has seen us and we
would he attacked. In such a situation, we could not sleep. Death might
come at any time.
Minutes lengthened to hours; but in our anxiety to preserve our lives,
we hardly noticed the coming of day. Then, all of a sudden®, we found
ourselves surrounded by half-naked natives’ with spears in their hands.
Surprised and terrified, we remained speechless" for some time. Then,
one of them, presumably” their leader, uttered a word. He seemed eager
to talk, but there was no language in which we could understand cach
other.
Our teacher, who is always full of ideas, then offered a cigarette to the
man who uttered" the word. The man, however, seemed to suspect our
teacher's intentions. He refused to accept the cigarette. Our teacher then
"put it between his own lips and after lighting it, began to puff'’ at it. The
man now made a sign which showed that he would not mind having a
cigarette after all. At once our teacher gave him one and helped him fo
light it. As he was puffing at it, we observed signs of satisfaction".
Realising that in this way we could become friends, our teacher gave him
a few more cigarettes. The man was so delighted at this demonstration’?
of friendship that he uttered some words, and soon all those who came
with him, began to dance and sing.
After they had stopped singing, they made several gestures'* which
showed that they had enjoyed our company. They left us after about an
hour with smiles on their faces. Our journey into the interior! of Borneo
was indeed an adventure.ENE NIRS
1. classmate [‘kia:smeit] (n) ban cung ldp
2. erect [i'rekt] (v) dung (/éu)
3, tent [tent] (n) /éu, rap, tang
4, freeze [fri:z] (v) d6ng lai (vi lanh), lanh cing; thdy On lanh, thay
ghé ghé
5. silence ['sailid3] (n) swim /éng; su nin thinh
6. all of a sudden [9:1 av a 'sadn] bat thinh linh; mét cdch bat nge
7. half-naked native [ha:f 'neikid 'neitiv] thd’ ddn dé tran nita nguéi
8. remain speechless [ri'mein 'spi:tflis] /3ng di khéng thét ndi mét
tiéng
9. presumably [pri'zju:mabli] (adv) cd thé dodn chung Ia; co 1é; han
la, chéc la
10. utter ['ate] (v) ndi, ni ra; phat biéu, bay td
11. puff [paf] (v) hut bap bap, hut tung hoi ngdn (thudc 14)
12. signs of satisfation [sainz av, seetis'feek fn] nhiing déu hiéu cua su’
thoa man
13. demonstration [,demans'treifn] (n) su’ thé hién, su‘ biéu hién
14, gesture [‘d3estfa] (n) diéu bd; cu chi
15, interior [in'tiaria] (n) di dia
Cuéc phiéu luu trong rimg
Cach day vai thdng téi va vai ngudi ban cing lép dén Borneo voi thay
gido dia ly dé phiéu luu trong khu ring cia Borneo.
Negay khi dén Borneo, ching t0i stta soan dé dac va bat ddu chuyén
du ngoan toi khu ring | vao mét budi sdng som. Sau khi di hang dam
trong rimg, ching tdi dén mét khodng dat trong. Vi tréi da toi ching 16i
quyét dinh cang léu va ngu dém & dé. Chang bao lau sau, béng dém
hon toan bao trim lén khu rimg va ching t0i thap sdng bang den dau.
Cam thay méi mét, ching t6i an sém va di ngui. Xung quanh rat im
lang, nhung chang bao lau cdc sinh vat ban dém bat dau hoat dong. Khu
rimg gio day tran ngdp nhiing tiéng dong ghé so. Tiéng déng nay di qua
tiéng dong khdc lai den, she | ron hon: tiéng trong ctia ngudi ban xt. Va
ting phiit tréi qua, tiéng tréng nhw cang gan hon Tat ca ching tdi on
lanh trong su im lang chét chéc. Su cang thang dang cao, nhung van
khéng co gi xay ra. Roi cing dot nggt nhu khi bat dau, tiéng on do chdm
dist, Ching 16i duoc bdo déng. Gio day ching t6i biét rang nhitng ngudi
35ban xi di nhin thdy ching 16i va rang ching 16i sé bj tan cong. Trong
tinh cainh nlur thé ching t6i khng thé nao ngu dugc. Cai chét c6 thé dén
bat cit hic nao.
Méi hit tr6i qua dai nhu mét gic; nhung trong su lo sg bao ton sinh
mang gia minh ching téi hau nhu khéng dé ¥ rang ngay da dén. Thé roi
that bat ngé, ching t6i thay minh bj bao vay boi nhitng thé dan chi mac
quan do che kin m6t nia than thé cam gido trong tay, Roi mot ngudi
trong 86 a6, c6 1é la thii linh, bat déu n6i. Anh ta cé vé noi rat ham hé
nhung khéng cé ng6n ngit nao dé ching ti hiéu nhau.
Thay gido ctia ching tdi lic nao cing cé séng kién lién dua cho
nguoi dan dng dang n6i mot diéu thuéc ld. Tuy nhién, duong hu anh ta
mh yg dink cua thay gido. Anh ta khéng nhan diéu thudc 14. ‘Thay
sido dit diéu thudc vao méi roi méi liza ve bat ddu hit. Lic bdy gic
ngudi dan éng moi ra hiéu rang anh ta san long hut mot diéu thuéc.
Nhén thay ching t6i cé thé lam ban voi ngudi thé dan bang cach nay,
thay gido ching 16i biéu cho anh ta vai diéu thudc nita. Neudi dan éng
rat hai long v6i su bay 16 hitu nghj d6, anh ta néi gi d6, roi tat cd nhiing
nguci di theo anh ta bat dau nhay mia.
Sau khi cdc thé dan ngimg hat, ho ra hiéu rang ho rdt thich lam ban
voi ching ti. Khodng mot gio sau d6 ho tam biét ching ti voi nu cudi
trén guong mat. Chuyén du ngoan ciia ching toi vao n6i dia Borneo that
su la mét cugc phiéu luu.
6. AN. UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITY | HAD
Seldom does one have opportunity of seeing a fight between a tiger and a
crocodile. I, however, had this opportunity one day when I went with my
father into a forest, in search of some wild plants.
Thad never been to a forest before. Therefore, whatever I saw in that
forest interested me greatly. I looked at the rich vegetation all round as
well as the variety of colourful flowers and birds, large and small. I saw
the activity of some of the wild creatures, such as snakes, squirrels and
insects. Occasionally, I heard the cry of some strange animal in pain,
perhaps while being eaten by a larger animal. I also heard some rustling
noises' in the undergrowth; but I was not afraid of all these. Such things,
I knew, were natural to the forest.
My father whose only interest was in the type of plants he wanted for
my mother's garden, however, paid little attention to the sounds and
36movements in these green depths”. He continued his search for more and
more of those plants until we reached one of the banks of a large river in
the forest. There we stopped for a while to enjoy the sights around.
The scene was peaceful. Then, to our surprises and horror, we saw a
tiger on the other side of the river. It was moving quietly and cautiously’
towards the water for a drink. A hush* fell upon the jungle. My father
and I were now too frightened to move from there.
However, as the tiger put its mouth into the river there was a sudden
swirl’ of the waters, and before the tiger could rush out, it was seized by
a huge crocodile. The tiger's howl® of pain and anger filled’ me and my
father with terror’. Yet we waited there to see the end of the struggle
between these two lords of the forest and the river. The crocodile had the
advantage from the beginning. It used all its strength to pull the tiger
deeper into the water, and the tiger too fought desperately to free itself
from the jaws of the merciless” reptiles'; but the tiger soon gave up the
struggle and all was quiet, again. I now felt pity for the tiger which had
died just to slake its thirst'’.
Then, my father reminded me of the narrow escape that we had
ourselves had. If the tiger had been on this side of the river, one of, us
might have died in the way the tiger did, a victim of animal appetite. And
as we were returning home, I began to think of the struggle for life and
savagery’? that lurks’? beneath peaceful scenes.
NEW WORDS:
1 rustling noise ['raslin naiz] (n) tiéng dong sét soat, xdo xac
2. in these green depths trong sdu thém cua khu ring, trong cung
thém cua khu ring
. cautiously ['ko:Sasli] (adv) cdn thdn, than trong
hush [haf] (n) swim léng
. swirl [swa:l] (n) chd nude xody, ché nuéc cuén
. howl [hazl] (n) tiéng rd (dau dén)
. fill [fil] (v) am tran ngdp, lam day
. terror ['tera] (n) su’ kinh hodng; néi khiép so
. merciless ['ma:silis] (adj) nhdn tam, tan nhdn
10. reptile ['reptail] (n) /odi bo sat
11 slake one’s thirst [sleik @a:st] (v) /am cho dé khdt, giai khat
CONAN AW
3712. savagery ['seevid3ari] (n) su‘tan bao, su’ déc éc; hanh vi tan bao,
hanh vi d6c dc
13. lurk [la:k] (v) ngdm ngdm; én ndp, nip, trén
M6t co hi hiém hoi toi da gap
Rat hiém khi ngudi ta cé dip xem mot trén dénh nhau giita mét con hé va
Tuy nhién t6i dai timg c6 co h6i nay vao mét ngay no, khi
cling vi bé t6i vao rimg dé tim cay dai.
Trude dé, t6i chua bao gid buéc chan vao ritng. Vi thé bat ctr diéu gi
16i thdy trong khu rig dé ciing lam cho t6i thich thi, Toi nhin nhitng
logi thao méc sum xué 6 khap noi cing nhir nhitng loai hoa cé vei chim
mudng lén nho sdc sé dil mau. Téi thay nhitng lodi thi hoang nh ran
s6c va c6n tring dang hoat d6ng. Thinh thoang ti nghe tiéng kéu cia
mé6t lodi thi la bj thong, c6 1é la bj mét con thi lén hon Gin thit. Toi con
nghe thay tiéng xdo xac cia nhiing lim cay thdp; nhung tdi khong so.
Téi biét nhiing diéu nay la phai cé trong mot khu ring.
Cha ti chi: quan tam dén nhiing loai cay ma éng muén tréng trong
vueon cia me nén it dé ¥ tdi nhitmg dm thanh va hoat dong trong khu rieng
ram sau tham nay. Ong mai mé tim thém nhiéu cay dai cho dén khi
ching toi dén bén be m6t con séng lén trong ritng. Ching t6i ding lai
d6 mét chéc dé ngdm canh vat xung quanh.
Khung canh rat thanh binh. Thé réi hél strc ngac nhién va so hdi,
ching t6i thdy mét con 6 bén kia bo séng. N6 dang lang lé va than
trong tién t6i dé udng nude. Im lang bao trim lén khu rimg ram. Ca cha
106i va t6i déu kinh so ding chén chan mét ché.
Tuy nhién, khi con hé citi sau xudng mat séng, bat ngo mot | xody nude
x6ng lén va, khéng kip chay thodt, con ho da bi m6t con cd sdu khong 16
t6m chat. Tiéng rit dau don va gidn dit cia con hé lam t6i va cha t6i hét
stec kinh hodng. Nhung chiing toi van ding dé xem két cuc ctia tran quyét
chién giita hai lodi chiia té cia rimg xanh va song nude.
Con ca sau cé loi thé ngay te hic déu. NO ding hét sitc kéo con hé
xudng née, vacon hé citing chién ddu mét cach tuyél vong dé thodt khoi
ham con cd sau tan bao, Nhung chéing bao ldu sau con hé thua cuge va
im lang Iai trim lén khu rig. Liic dé toi cam thay ding thong cho con
hé bj chét chi vi khdt rede.
Thé réi cha t6i nhdc toi nhé dén sw thodt chét mong manh vita qua.
Néu con hé 6 bo séng bén nay, han la mét trong hai ching t6i da chét
38nhue con ho, nan nhdn cua lodi thi khdt mau. Va trén sudt quang duong
vé nha, toi bat déu nghi vé suc tranh dé sinh ton va sy bao tan an sdu
ditoi cdi vé thanh binh cia cudc song.
7. THE VALUE OF LIBRARIES
A good library is an ocean of information, whose boundaries continue to
extend with the -endless contribution of the numerous streams of
knowledge. Thus, it has a peculiar fascination’ for scholars, and all those
whose thirst for knowledge is instable”
The usefulness of libraries in the spread of knowledge has been
proved through the years. The field of knowledge is so extensive and life
is so brief that even the most avid* reader can never expect to absorb it
all. Those who have a love for knowledge, therefore, try to master only a
small fraction’ of it. Even this requires reading of hundreds of books,
cheap and expensive, new and old. But few people are able to buy all the
books on the subject in which they wish to attain proficiency’. It is
therefore necessary for them to visit a good library, where they can read
a great variety of books oni the subject they love. Besides, many old and
valuable books on certain subjects are found only in a good library. Even
the original manuscript® of an author, who died several years ago, can be
found in it, sometimes.
Today, men everywhere have discovered the benefits of learning.
More and more books are being written to extend human knowledge and
experience. Governments and individuals throughout the world are,
therefore, opening more and more libraries to enable people to read as
many books as possible. Libraries have been opened even in the remotest
regions of the earth, so that people who are unable to buy books from the
towns can still gain access to’ the various sources of knowledge. Mobile
libraries serve the people in various parts of the earth.
The importance of libraries, however, is felt most acutely’ by students
in schools and universities, where most students are engaged in deep
studies. The number of books that a student has to study, especially at a
university, is so large that unless he comes from a rich family, he can
hardly buy them all. Besides, many of the books may not be available in
the book-shops within his reach. It is therefore to his advantage to visit a
good library.
39Some people even have their own private libraries in which they
spend their leisure, reading the books that they have collected over the
years, and drive great intellectual® benefit? and pleasure.
In short, libraries have contributed so much to the extension of
knowledge that they have become almost indispensable” to all literate
uN
men.
NEW WORDS:
1. fascination [,feesi'neifn] (n) su thdi mién; su’ mé hodc, su‘ quyén ri
. instable [in'steibl] (adj) Khédng én dinh
. avid ['eevid] (adj) Khao khdt, thém khat, them thuéng
. fraction ['fraekfn] (n) phan nhd, miéng nhd
. to attain proficiency [a'tein pra'fifnsi] (v) tro’ nén thanh thao, gidi
giang
6. manuscript ['mzenjuskript] (n) ban viét tay
7. acutely [a'kju:tli] (adv) sdu sdc
8. intellectual [,inti'lektjual] (adj) (thudc) tr/ dc; (thuéc) tri tu
9. to drive great intelectual benefit theo dudi loi ich tri thifc lon
10. indispensable [,indis'pensabl] (adj) tuyét dé cn thiét; khéng thé
thiéu duge
11. literate men [‘litarit men] (n) ahding nguoi cé hoc
WVbpUN
Gid tri cla ther vign
M6t the vign lon la m6t dai duong cia thong tin ma ranh gidi cha nd
tiép tuc mo rng voi su déng gdp v6 tan nhitng dong sudi tri thitc khong
bao gig ngimg lai. Vi vay né cé strc quyén rit dac biét déi voi cdc hoc gia
va nhing nguoi khat khao chan troi kién thitc.
Su hitu dung cua thw vign trong viée truyén ba kién thitc da duoc
minh chitng hang bao nam qua. Canh dong cua tri thitc thi qué rong va
cuge doi thi qué ngdn cho nén ngay ca nhing d6éc gid tham lam nhdat
cting dig bao gid mong rang sé doc duge tat cd. Vi thé, nhing nguoi
yéu mén tri thite chi nam ving mét phan nao a6 ma thoi. Ma chi thé thoi
ciing phai doc hang tram quyén sdch, ré va dat, moi va cit. Nhung tt ai
C6 thé mua tat ca, nhitng quyén sdch vé chuyén mén ma ho muén thanh
thgo. Vi thé ho can phai dén the vién noi ho cé thé doc that nhiéu sach
vé chi dé yéu thich. Hon nita nhiéu quyén séch qui gid chi cé trong thevign. Déi khi ca m6t ban thao nguyén gc cia m6t thc gia qua doi cach
day vai nam ciing cé thé tim thay trong thu vién.
Ngdy nay con ngudi 6 khdp noi da phat hign ra loi ich cia viée hoc
tap.Ngay cang cé nhiéu cudn sdch dugc viét dé mo réng kién thitc va
kinh nghiém con nguéi. Vi thé cde chinh phi va cé nhan trén thé gidi
khOng ngitng mo nhiing the vién givip ngudi ta doc cang nhiéu sdch cang
t6t. Thu vién cting xuat hign tai ngay ca G nhitng ving xa x6i
tri dat dé nhiing ai khong thé mua sdch tir thanh phé van co thé tiép thu
nhiing nguon kién thizc da dang. Nhitng thu vién di dong phuc vu ngudi
doc sdch 6 moi noi trén thé gidi.
Tuy nhién tam quan trong cia the vién la dé thay nhdt & sinh vién,
hoc sinh cdc incong phé théng va dai hoc, noi ma phan lén hoc sinh luén
ban rn nghién citu. Con sé nhitng quyén séch ma mot sinh vién phai
nghién cuu, dac bigt 6 truéng dai hoc la kha lon dén néi gan nhu khéng
thé mua het duoc, trit khi gia dinh cua anh ta hét site gidu cd. Hon nita,
nhiéu quyén sdch “6 thé khong cé san trong hiéu sch dé anh ta mua. Vi
vay dén thu vién rat la tign Igi.
M6t 56 ngudi c6 the vién riéng dé khi nhan r6i doc nhimg quyén sch
ho da suu tap hang bao nam tréi va mang vé niém vui va nguén tri thie
to lon.
Tém lai, the vién da dong 85} rét nhiéu trong viéc mo mang kién thitc
dén néi né tro nén khong thé thiéu duge déi voi tat ca nhitng con nguoi
van minh.
8. AHORRIBLE SIGHT
On the main roads of West Malaysia accidents occur almost every day.
Most of them are caused by young drivers who are long of speed. The
vecblessness has caused the death of even careful drivers. What I am
ut to” relate concerns the death of some young people, resulting from
the reckless driving of a young man.
On the day in question’, I was travelling with my brother to Ipoh. As
my brother's car was old, he had to drive slowly. We left Singapore, our
hometown, very eatly in the moming, so that we could reach our
destination before dark. The slow journey soon made me so tired that I
fell asleep. However, we broke our Journey at Yong Peng, a small town
in Johore, for some refreshment. When we resumed’ our journey, we saw
a number of badly damaged vehicles in front of the Police Station of that
, atown. My brother then began to talk about the various accidents that he
had seen on that road. I began to grow uneasy about the rest of the
journey. My brother had told me that most of the accidents occurred
within a few miles of that town. I now began to fear for our own safety.
Then, suddenly, a car, running at great speed, outtook our car. My.
brother then predicted that the car would be involved in an accident soon.
After that my heart began to beat fast.
The car was soon out of sight. My brother, however, assured me that I
would have an opportunity to see a very bad accident, and sure enough, °
we soon arrived at a distressing scene.
The car that had overtaken® our car was in a ditch® and four young
girls were lying dead on the road-side. Their faces and clothes were
covered with blood. Some people were trying to extricate” the other
occupants® , including the young driver, who were still alive in the car.
But all of a sudden, the car was on fire, and their efforts failed. Thus, the
occupants in the car were burnt alive, and it was indeed heart-rending? to
hear their last screams. Soon a fire engine and the police arrived with an
ambulance, but it was too late.
This was indeed a horrible sight, and even today the mention of
accidents reminds me of those piteous"’ screams of the dying ones in that
car.
NEW WORDS:
1, recklessness ['reklisnis] (n) tinh thiéu than trong, tinh khinh sudt,
tinh liéu linh
. to be about to [a'baut ta] dinh lam gi ngay, sap lam gi
. in question [in ‘kwestfan] duge nbi dén, duoc ban dén
. resume [ri'zju:m] (v) bat du /ai, lai tiép tuc (sau khi nghi, dung)
. overtake - overtook - overtaken [,ouva'teik] (v) vuot qua
. ditch [ditf] (n) Ado, rénh, muong
. extricate ['ekstrikeit] (v) 9% 9@ thodt, gidi tnodt
, occupant [‘pkjupant] (n) ngudi sé hdu, ngudi su’ dung
. heart-rending ['ha:t,rendin] (adj) dau /éng, -ndo long, thuong tém,
xé ruét
10. piteous ['pitias] (adj) tham thuong, ding thuong hai
CONAKDEAWHN
42M6t canh twong khing khiép
Trén nhieng con duéng chinh of Tay Malayxia tai nan xay ra hau nhe mdi
ngay. Phan lén cde tai nan la do nhiing tay Idi tré wa thich toc a6. Su
liéu linh cia ho ad gay nén cdi chét cia nhitng Idi xe than trong khée.
Nhiing gi t6i sap ké sau day lién quan dén cdi chét cha mot sé thanh nién
gay ra do su khinh sudt ctia m6t tai xé tré.
Vao mot ngay nhw véy, t6i dang trén dudng dén Ipoh véi anh toi. Vi
chiéc xe dé cit, anh t6i phai ldi rat chém. Ching tdi tir gid Singapore ue
huong ching t6i vao budi sang sém dé 6 thé dén noi truéc khi troi tdi.
Chuyén khoi hanh chém chap chang may chéc lam toi buén chdn dén
* ngu thiép di. Tuy nhién, ching t0i dimg lai 6 Yong Pens, mét thi tran nho
& Johore dé mua thue phdm tuoi. Khi lén duéng tré lai, ching ti thay
vai chiéc xe hong nang trudc so canh sdt cua thanh phe. Anh 16i bat déu
ké nhimg tai nan anh da ching kién trén con duong dé. Con 161 cam
thay bén chén sudt ca quang duong con lai. Anh téi bao téi rang phén
l6n cde tai nan xay ra cach thi tran dé vai dam. Liic dé t6i cam thay lo
so cho sie an toan cua ching tdi. Thé réi bong nhién mot chiéc xe hoi
chay hét luc vuot qua xe chiing tdi. Anh t6i dodn rang thé nao chiéc
xe kia ciing gay tai nan. Sau dé tim toi bat dau dép nhanh hon.
Chang bao lau, chiéc xe chay khudt dang. Nhung anh t6i ca quyét véi
161 rdng 16i sé duge dip nhin thay mét tai nan 16i 16, va ding nlue thé, mét
lat sau chiing tdi di dén m6t quang canh thé long.
Chiéc xe da vuot xe "ching 16i hic nay dang nam trong con muong, va
bén cé } gdi tré nam chét trén duéng pho. Mat va quan Go ho bé bét mau.
Mot 56 ngudi co site Sidi thodt hanh khach con song trong xe, va nguoi
tai xé tré; nhung thét bat ngo, chiéc xe bing chdy va no luc cua ho tiéu
tan, Thé la nhieng nguodi trong xe bi thiéu song va ting | gao hap hoi cla
ho nhw xé long. Ngay sau d6, xe cttu hoa va canh sat dén voi xe cdp citu
nhung dé qué mugn.
Day that la mot canh tuong kinh hodng va cho dén tan hom nay, khi
n6i dé tai nan t6i lai nhov dén nhitng ting kéu cin tham khéc ctia nhieng
nguoi sap chét trong chiéc xe kia..
439. DISCUSS THE PART THAT MONEY PLAYS
IN OUR LIVES
Money plays an important part! in our lives. In several aspects” it is the
most important thing in life. It is therefore much sought after.
Without money we could not buy our food, clothes and all the other
things that we need to live comfortably. We require money to travel, to
buy medicine when we are ill and also to pay for the services rendered*
to us by others. In truth* money is almost indispensable to our survival’.
Most of our activities are therefore directed towards earning as much
money as possible.
We use money not only to meet the basic needs of life but also® to pay
for our own advancement. We use it for education which helps us to live
a Better life. Thousands of students are. unable to’ attend school or
continue their studies for want of money. Lack of® money also causes
great hardship’ and sorrow in hundreds of families, Thousands of people
are dying everyday throughout the world because they are not able to pay
their doctors fee or because they cannot buy nutritious food.
. As money is so important, many crimes are committed everyday in all
parts or the world to gain possession of it. Some are driven by hunger
and desperation to steal, rob, and even kill to get at least'? what they
require to keep body and soul together. Others commit the most serious
crimes out of sheer'! greed for money. Such people cause much trouble
and unpleasantness in society, and to bring them to justice, large sums of
money are spent by every government.
Today, millions of dollars are being spent by the various governments
in the world for the betterment of the people. Numerous schools and
hospitals are being built, and hundreds or acres or land are being
cultivated to produce more food for the growing population of the world.
As a result, the world is gradually becoming a better place to live in.
At the same time'?, however, much money is being wasted in
producing deadly weapons of war. Countries which have more money
than the others have become more powerful by strengthening their armed
forces. This has led to rivalries among the powerful nations, and several
parts of the world are in turmoil’. All this shows what an important part
money plays in human affairs'*.NEW WORDS:
1. play an important part [plei an im'po:tant pa:t] déng mét vai tro
quan trong
. in several respects [in 'sevral ri’spektz] ¢ mét vai khia canh
. render ['renda] (v) render a service gitip dé
in truth [in tru:0] thdt su; thét ra
. survival [sa'vaivl] (n) su’ sdng cén; su’ tén tai
. not only... bul also... khéng nhdng... ma con...
. be unable to [bi an'eibl ta] KAéng thé
. lack of [laek av] (+noun) thiéu
. hardship [ha:dfip] su gian khé, su‘ thu thdch gay go
. at least [eet list] # nhdt
. sheer [fia] (adj) chi la
. at the same time [zt da seim taim] cung lic dé
. in turmoil [in 'ta:mpil] trong tinh trang réi loan, hén dén
. affairs [a'feaz] (n, pl) cdng viéc, cudc séng
POnNaAnaAUWN
ee
ro
ee
RON
Hay thdo lugn vai tré cia tién trong doi song ching ta
Tién git? vai tro quan trong trong doi song chiing ta. Trén mot vai
phuong dién nao dé, tién la quan trong nhat trong cuéc song. Vi vay
nguoi ta chay theo tién.
Khong cé tién chiing ta khéng thé mua thyc pham, do quan va tat a
nhiing vat dung can thiét cho mot cudc song tién nghi. Ching ta can tién
dé di lai, mua thuéc khi dau 6m va tra cho nhitng dich vy ma ngudi khdc
lam cho ching ta. N6i cho ding, tién héu nh khong thé thiéu voi su ton
tai cia ching ta. Phan lon céc hoat déng cia ching ta vi thé huéng toi
viée kiém ra cang nhiéu tién cang 161.
Ching ta ding tién bac khong chi dé thoa man nhiing nhu cdu ti
thiéu trong cuge song ma con dé nang cap cude séng ctia minh. Ching ta
ding tién trong gido duc dé c6 cudc song tot hon. Hang ngdn hoc sinh
khéng thé dén trong hay tiép tuc hoc tép chi vi thiéu tién. Viée thiéu tién
gay ra khé khan va noi lo lon cho hang tram gia dinh. Trén thé gidi hang
ngan ngudi dang chét dan vi ho khéng cé tién dé dén bac si hay vi ho
khéng c6 tien dé mua thuc pham gidu chat dinh dong.Vi tién quan trong nh thé nén hang ngay trén thé gidi dién ra rat
nhiéu vu pham phdp dé gitinh lay quyén 5 hitu tien. CO nguci dién
khing vi d6i khdt va tuyét vong phdi di an cap, dn trém va ngay cd giét
nguoi dé it nhat git cho phan hon va phan xéc cia ho khdi phai lia
nhau. Cé ngudi pham anhitng 16i dc nghiém trong nhat don gian chi vi
tham tién. Nhitng nguoi nh vay say ra rat nhiéu phién todi va khé chiu
trong xd hgi va dé dua ho ra truéc céng ly, moi mét quoc gia phai bd ra
nhitng mén tién rat lon.
_ Ngay nay, nhiéu quéc gia dang bé ra hang triéu dé la dé cai thién d6i
song nhan dan. Nhiéu truéng hoc va bénh vién dang duoc xay ding.
Hang tram mau dat dang duoc trong trot dé san xuat ra nhiéu thc pham
cho dan sé dang gia tang trén thé gidi. Vi vay thé gidi dan dan tré thanh
m6t noi cu ngu tét hon.
Tuy nhién cing lic dé, rat nhiéu tién bi hoang phi dé xudt nhitng
vii khi giét ngudi trong, chién tranh. Nhing quéc gia nhiéu tién hon tro
nén hing manh hon bang cach tang cudng luc luong vil trang cua ho.
Diéu nay lam cdc cwong | quoc di dén thi dich va nhiéu noi trén thé gidi
dang trong tinh trang réi loan. Tat cd nhitng diéu dé ndi lén rang tién
quan trong nhu thé nao trong cugc séng con nguwéi.
10. SCIENCE AND ITS EFFECTS
One of the most striking’ features of the present century is the progress
or science and its effects on almost every aspect of social life. Building
on the foundation” laid by the predecessors’ the scientists of today are
carrying their investigation into ever-widening fields of knowledge.
Modern civilization depends largely on the scientist and inventor. We
depend on* the doctor who seeks the cause and cure of disease, the
chemist who analyses* our food and purifies® our water, the entomologist
who wages war on the insect pests, the engineer who conquers time and
space, and a host of other specialists who aid in the development of
agriculture and industry.
The advance of science and technology has brought the different parts
of the world into closer touch with one another than ever before. We are
able to reach distant lands within a very short time. We are also able to
communicate with’ people far away by means of the telephone and the
wireless. The invention’ of the printing machine has made it possible for’
us to learn from books and newspapers about people in other lands.Indeed, man's curiosity’ and resourcefulness have been responsible
for the steady stream of inventions that have created our civilization.
At the same time, however, there have been harmful’ effects. Our
machine civilization is responsible for numerous accidents and industrial
rivalries among nations. Everyday hundreds of people are dying from
serious wounds and injuries. Further, the rapid tempo of modern life
results in wide-spread nervous disorder. Moreover, science, which has
helped man to secure control over nature, has also made it possible for
him to develop more deadly weapons or war. More and more countries
are competing'' with one another in the production of war material. But
in these instances the fault lies not with science, but rather with man's
intention’? to misuse the discoveries of science.
Science is admittedly the dominating intellectual force of the modern
age.
NEW WORDS:
1, striking ['straikin] (n) nd7 bat, thu hut su chi y, thu hut si quan
tém; dang chi y, gay &n tuong
. foundation [faun'deifn] (n) nén tang; nén mong
. predecessor ['pri:disesa(r)] (n) ngudi di trudc; nguoi tién nhiém
. depend on [di'pend 9n] (v) phy thuéc vao
. analyse ['‘senalaiz] (v) phan tich
. purify ['pjuarifai] (v) /am sach, loc trong, tinh chE
communicate with [ka'mju:nikeit wid] (v) /ién lac vdi; giao thiép voi
. invention [in'venfn] (n) su‘ phat minh, su‘ sdng ché
. curiosity [,kjuari'ssiti] (n) su’ ham tim hiéu; tri to mo; tinh hiéu ky
10. harmful ['ha:mful] (adj) gdy tai hai, cd hai
11. compete [kam'pi:t] (v) dua tranh, ganh dua, canh tranh
12. intention [in'tenfn] ¥ dinh, muc dich
PONANAWN
Khoa hoc va nhitng tic dng cia né
M6t trong nhiing dac diém néi bac nhat trong thé ky hién nay la se tién
b6 ctia khoa hoc va anh hung ctia né trén hau nh moi mat cia cuge
song xd hdi. Xdy dung trén nén tang cua nhing ngudi di tredc, cdc nha
khoa hoc ngay nay dang tién hanh nghién citu nhitng linh vuc kién thite
Ién chua timg cé.
47Nén van minh hién dai phu thuéc phan lon vao cdc nha khoa hoc va
nha phat minh. Cudc séng ching ta phu thuéc vdo cdc bac si trong viéc
tim kiém nguyén nhan va céch chita bénh, vao cdc nha hod hoc phén tich
thyc pham va lam sach nguén nudc udng, vao cdc nha cén tring hoc .
chién ddu voi cdc logi cén tring gay hai, vio kf sw chinh phuc théi gian
va khéng gian va rat nhiéu nhimg chuyén gia khdc gop phan vao su phat
trién cia néng nghiép va cong nghiép.
Su tién b6 cua khoa hoc va ky thudt da lam cho céc nuéc khdéc nhau
trén thé giéi xich lai gan nhau hon bao gia hét. Ching ta cé thé. én
nhiing vung dat xa x6i trong m6t thoi gian rat ngdin. Ching ta cé thé lién
lac vi nhitng ngudi 6 xa qua phucong tién dién thogi va may v6 tuyén,
Viée phdt minh ra mdy in givip chiing ta doc sdch, bdo vé con ngudi
nhitng dat nuéc khdc.
That vdy tri to mo va tai thdo’ vat cua con ngudi la nguyén nhan ctia
nguén phat minh bén vitng tao ra thoi dai van minh ctia ching ta ngay
nay.
Tuy nhién, bén canh dé khoa hoc ciing cé nhing anh hudng tai hai.
Théi dai van minh may méc cia ching ta la nguyén nhdn cia v6 sé tai
“nan va nhimg su déi dau vé cong nghiép giita cac quée gia. Hang ngay
48
hang tram nguoi dang hap hoi vi cdc thuong tich tram trong. Hon nita
nhip a6 tat b@t cia cuéc song hién dai gay nén su réi loan than kinh
dang ngay cang lan réng. Bén canh dé, chinh khoa hoc da gitip con
ngudi det duoc quyén kiém sodt thién nhién, nhitng ciing chinh khoa hoc
a gitip con ngudi tao ra cang nhiéu vii khi giét nguoi trong chién tranh.
Ngay cang nhiéu quéc gia canh tranh voi nhau san xual ra trang thiét bj
chién tranh. Nhung trong nhitng truong hgp nay Idi lam khéng thuée vé
khoa hoc ma thudc vé con nguoi da sit dung sai lam nhing phat minh
khoa hoc.
Khoa hoc dugc céng nhdn la luc luong tri thirc then chét cia ky
nguyén hién dai ngay nay.
11. THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF A CITIZEN
Almost every modern state, especially a democracy’, allows its
citizens several rights”; but in return, it expects its citizens to perform
certain duties.
Among the rights enjoyed by the citizen in a democracy are the right
to pursue his own affairs as he prefers; the right to express his views,however silly they may appear to others, and the right to move about as
he pleases. The citizen is considered so important that his rights are
protected by the law of the state, and whenever they are infringed’, he
can secure redress*.
But in a totalitarian’ state, the rights of the citizen are so restricted that
he has practically no freedom. The citizen is supposed to exist for the
state. His interests are always subordinated® to those of the state. Thus,
his duties exceed his rights.
Even in a democracy, however, the citizen is expected to exercise his
rights within the limits of the law. He should not do or say anything that
may affect the rights of others. In exercising his right to act as he pleases,
for example, he should not try to elope with another man’s wife or say
anything slanderous’ about her or anyone. In the same way, his actions
should not cause injury or damage to any individual or his property. He
cannot kill as he pleases. If his conduct infringes the rights of others,
then those who have been affected by his misconduct® could take legal,
action against him and he will be punished according to the law of the
state. In this way, the state protects its citizens and their rights from the
thoughtlessness” of any individual in the state. This means, of course,
that every citizen in the state is expected to do his duty to his fellow
citizens.
The citizen is also expected to give his services for the protection of
the state in times of war, and to maintain law and order in his state, at all
times.
Thus, every citizen who is conscious’ of his rights should also be
conscious of his duties to the state and his fellow citizens.
NEW WORDS:
1. democracy [di!mokrasi] (n) én dan chu; ché d6 dan chi
2. rights [raits] (n) cdc quyén loi
3. infringe [in'frind3] (v) x4m pham, vi pham
4, redress [ri'dres] (n) su‘ sia sai, su’ uén nan; su dén bu, su béi
thuéng
5. totalitarian [,tavteli'tearian] (adj) cue guyén, chuyén ché
6. subordinated to [sa'bo:dinat] (v) /am cho phu thudc vao
7. slanderous ['sla:ndaras] (adj) vu khéng; phi bang50
8. misconduct [mis'kondakt] (n) Aanh vi sai trdi
9. thoughtlessness ['@9:tlisnis] (n) su’vé y thic; néng can, héi hot
10. conscious ['konfas] (adj) biét duoc, nhdn ra, cé ¥ thife
Quyén loi va nghia vu cua céng dfn
Hau nh moi mét quéc gia hign dai, dac biét la mét quéc gia dan chi,
déu cho phép céng dan cé nhitng quyén loi nhdat dinh; nhung nguoc lai
nha nuéc cting yéu cau cong dan thi hanh nhiing bon ‘phan cua minh.
Trong s6 cdc quyén loi ma céng dan cia mét quoc gia dan chi dugc
huong thu, cé bao gam quyén theo dudi nhig viéc anh ta thich, quyén
dugc : bay té cdc quan diém ctia minh di cho ching nghe cé vé ngo ngan
di nita, va quyén dwoc di lai tity thich. Nguoi cong dan rat duge ton
trong dén mic cc quyén loi cua céng dan duoc luat phdp nha nuéc béo
vé, va. bat ky ltic nao nhitng quyén nay bi vi pham nguoi cong dan cé thé
yéu cdu bdi thang.
Nhung trong mot quoc gia 6c tai, cdc quyén loi ctia céng dén bj han
ché nhiéu dén ndi trén thc te anh ta chang cé chit ty do nao. ngudi
céng dan duoc xem la phai tén tai vi nha nudc. Cac loi ich cia anh ta
luén bi xem nhe so vi loi tch ctia nha nude. Nhu vay, nghia vu cia céng
dan vugt qué quyén loi ctia ho.
Tuy nhién ngay ca trong ché d6 dan chi ngueoi cOng dan van phdi sit
dung quyen loi ctia minh trong gidi han cia phdp lugt. Anh ta khéng
duoc lam hay ndi diéu gi anh hung dén quyén loi cia ngudi khdc.
Chang han trong khi ste dung quyén dugc lam nhitng gi minh muén, anh
ta khong duoc co gang tén tinh vo ngwoi khdc hay vu khéng cé ta hode
bat ky nguoi nao khdc. Tuong tu, nhitng hanh déng cia anh ta khong
duoc gdy thuong tich hay ton hai dén bat ky cd nhén nao cting nh tai
san cia ho. Néu anh ta vi pham quyén loi cia ngudi khdc thi nhing
ngudi bi anh hung béi hanh vi sai trdi cia anh ta c6 thé nho dén ludt
phap xét xtr anh ta vé anh ta sé bj tring tri theo phap ludt nha nude.
Bang cach nay, nha nuéc bao vé cdc cong dan va quyen loi cua ho khoi
suc vé ¥ thite cia bat ky cdc cd nhén ndo trong dat nubc. Duong nhién
diéu nay c6 nghia la moi cong dan trong nude phai thuc hién nghia vu
cua minh véi nhitng cng dan khdc.
Nguoi céng dan cing durgc yéu cdu thc hién nghia vu bdo vé t6 quéc
trong chién tranh, duy tri trét tw va ludt phép trong moi thoi diém.ng dan hiéw biét vé quyén loi cing nén hiéu biét vé é nghia
vi quéc gia va cdc cong dan khéc.
Vi thé moi
vu cua minh do
12. THE MOST IMPORTANT DAY IN MY LIFE
The most important day in my life was the day when my parents decided
to send me to school.
I was then about seven years old. I had been playing with the children
living around my house for some years. I had no thought of ever going to
school. I enjoyed playing to catch fish from the shallow streams near by.
Sometimes we went to the forest to catch birds and squirrels’, and I had
always thought that life would continue to be the same for me. But, one
day, to my great sorrow, my parents suddenly announced that I was no
longer to play about and that I was to go t6 a school.
Words can hardly describe how sad I felt at the thought or having to
go toa school. I had often heard that school teachers were very strict and
cruel. I had also been told that there were many difficult subjects to learn
in school, and I could not bear the thought of being compelled to learn
them. But everything had been decided for me and I had no choice but to
go to school.
Soon after I was admitted to school, however, I discovered to my
great joy that learning in school was a pleasure. I began to learn about
the people and other wonderful things spread throughout the world. The
teachers were very kind and friendly and they often told many interesting
stories. The subjects that they taught were also very interesting. As a
result of? all this, I began to take a keen interest in my lessons and I no
longer wanted to waste my time playing about.
Today, I am older and I am in a secondary school, learning more and
more about the world around us. The knowledge that I have gained has
enriched my mind and I have a better understanding of human problems.
Iam also able to speak the English language with some ease’, and I know
that my knowledge of English will prove of great value in all my future
activities. I also know that if I can pass all my examinations, I wall some
day occupy an important Position in some profession. I might even
become a minister‘ in the government of my country or a well-known
person in some way.
Therefore, when I now think of the day when my parents arrived at
the decision to send me to school, I am filled with love for them. That
51was indeed the most important day in my life, a day which has changea
the whole course of my life.
NEW WORDS:
1. squirrel {'skwiral] (n) con sdc
2. as a result of [zz a ri'zalt av] do, vi
3. ease [i:z] (n) su’dé dang; su thodi mai
4. minister ['minista] (n) B6 truéng
Ngay quan trong nhat trong cuge doi téi
Ngay quan trong nhdt trong doi t6i la ngay ba me tdi quyét dinh goi toi
dén trudng. Lic dé 16i lén bay. Téi dé rong choi vai ndm vdi cdc tré em
quanh nha. Toi chua bao gid nghi dén viéc di hoc. Téi thich chai cau cé
trong con sudi can nudc gan dé, Doi khi ching 106i vao rimg bat chim va
s6c, va t6i luén nghi rang cudc doi sé mai nhue thé. Thé nhung vao mot
ngdy no, that buon cho t6i, cha me t6i bat ngo tuyén bé rang t6i khong
dugc rong choi nita ma phai dén truéng.
Khong cé tt nao dién té ndi buén, cua ti khi phai di hoc. Toi thong
nghe rang cdc thay gido & truong rat nghiém khdc va dit ton. Téi cing
nghe n6i rang cé nhiéu mén-hoc rat khd & truéng va t6i khéng tdi nao
chiu dugc ¥ nghi rang minh bi budc phdi hoc ching. Nhung moi viéc da
dinh san cho ti. T6i khng cdn su lya chon nao khdc ngoai viéc dén
trong.
Tuy nhién, chang bao Jau sau khi ung thudn di hoc, t6i vui suéng thay
rang di hoc that la thi vj. Téi bat déu hoc vé con ngudi va nhing diéu kp
diéu khac dang dién ra trén khap thé gidi. Cééc thay sido rat tot bung va
than mét, ho thong ké nhiéu cau chuyén Ly thi. Vi thé 10i bat dau yéu
thich cdc bai hoc va khéng con muén phi thai gian rong choi nita.
Gio day 161 da lén hon va la mét hoc sinh trung hoc dang hoc ngay
cang nhiéu vé thé giéi xung quanh ching ra. Nhim, kién thitc t6i thu
lugm duge lam phong phii trt 6c toi va 161 da hiéu biét nhiéu hon vé cdc
van dé cua nhan logi. Téi ciing cé thé néi tiéng Anh luu lodt, va 16i biér
rang kién thitc tiéng Anh cia 161 sé c6 gia trj trong cuéc song tuong lai
cia minh, Téi cing biét rang néu 16i 46 t6t ca cdc ky thi, mét ngay nao
G6 t6i sé giit mé6t vi tri quan trong trong mét nganh nghé nao a6. Biét
dau tham chi t6i sé tro thanh mét b6 treéng trong chinh quyén nha nude
hay mét nhén vét néi tiéng trong mét linh vuc nao dé.Vi thé nghi vé cdi ngay ba me quyét dinh gui 101 dén hoc during, trong
106i tran ngGp yéu thuong. Dé thuc su la ngay déng nho nhdt trong cugc
G63 t6i, dé la ngay da thay doi toan b6 cugc doi téi.
13. THE SUBJECT I CONSIDER MOST IMPORTANT
Of all the subjects that I study in school, I think that English is the most
important subject. Iti is mainly through the English language that we gain
access to the various! sources of knowledge.
English is a language which is spoken and understood by many
people in most countries of the world. It is, in fact, the most important
means of communication among the various countries of the world.
Knowledge, of new discoveries and inventions in one country is
transmitted” to other countries through English for the benefit of the
world. In this way English helps to spread knowledge and progress’.
It is true, however, that in the modern age, the study of Science and
Mathematics too should be considered very important. Science has
conferred* many benefits in man. But it requires little thought to realise
that scientific principles cannot be understood well without a good
knowledge of a language. And, though other languages such as German
and Russian are important in the world of Science, it is English that plays
the most important role* in spreading scientific knowledge. There is in
fact no branch of study that has not been communicated in English. The
original writings of great scientists, economists, ilosophers®,
psychologists’ and others who did not speak and write the English
language have all been translated into English. Therefore, one who has a
good knowledge of English has access to all the sources of information.
Further, as the English language is used by people of different lands
and cultures, it has become very rich. It contains so many words, ideas
and thoughts that a good knowledge of English enriches the mind and
enables one to express oneself well. It also helps one to think better and
to understand the people of other lands. It is for all these reasons that I
consider English the most important subject in school.
NEW WORDS:
1. various [‘vearias] (adj) khdc nhau, thudc vé nhiéu loai; da dang
2. transmit [treenz'mit] (v) truyén di (qua cdc phuong tién théng tin
dai ching)
5354
. progress ['praugres] (n) su’ tién bd; su tién trién, su phét trién
. confer [kan'fa:] (v) trao, tang; ban bac, hGi y, hoi ¥ kién
. role [reel] (n) chute nang, vai tro
. philosopher [fi'losafa(r)] (n) nha triét hoc; triét gia
. psycholocist [sai'koladzist] (n) nha tam ly hoc
NOUR W
Mén hoc téi cho 1a quan trong nhat
16i nghi rang tiéng Anh la quan
ép
Trong tat ca cde mén hoc & invons
trong nhdt. Chu yeu nho thong qua tiéng Anh ma ching ta cé thé
céin nhiéu nguon kién thitc da dang.
Tiéng Anh la ngén ngit duoc noi va hiéu boi rét nhiéu ngudi dang
song tai phan lin cde quoc gia trén thé gidi. Trén thyc té tiéng Anh la
phuong tién giao tiép quan trong nhdt giita nhiéu quéc gia khdc nhau
trén thé gidi. Kién thire vé nhiing phat minh va khdm Phd mdi trong mét
nuéc duge truyén sang ctic nudc khdc thing qua tiéng Anh dé mang lai
loi ich cho cong déng thé gidi. Bang cach nay tiéng Anh gdp phan truyén
ba kién thite va su tién b6.
Tuy nhién, hodn toan ding khi cho rang trong yy nguyén hién dai,
viée nghién cttu Khoa hoc va Toén ciing nén dugc xem trong. Khoa hoc
da ban cho lodi nguoi nhiéu tch loi. Nhung khéng can suy nghi ciing
nhan thay rang nguoi ta khong thé biét cdc nguyén ly khoa hoc me
khéng cé kién thitc vé ngén ngiz. Va mac da cdc ngdn ngit khdc nhur tiéng
Duc va tieng Nga ciing quan trong trong gidi khoa hoc, nhung chinh
tiéng Anh chiém git vai tro quan trong nhat trong viéc truyén bd kién
thitc khoa hoc.
That vdy, khéng cé nganh nghién ciru nao ma khéng lién quan dén
tiéng Anh. Tét ca nhimg cong trinh nghién citu nguyen ban cia cdc nha
Khoa hoe, kinh té hoe, triét hoe, tam ly hoc. vi dai déu da dugc dich sang
tiéng Anh. Vi thé nhitng ai hiéu biét vé tiéng Anh cé thé tiép can duge
moi nguon théng tin.
Hon nita vi duge sve dung boi nhiéu ngudi cua nhiéu ddt nude va nén
van héa khdc nhau tiéng Anh tro nén rat phong phi. N6 bao gém rat
nhiéu tir ngit, ¥ kién va tw twong, cho nén mét su hiéu biét sau sdc vé
tiéng Anh sé lam phong phi tré tué va gitip ta dién dat ¥ tuong cua minh
16t hon. N6 cing giup ta suy nghi tot hon va hiéu biét vé con nguroi cua
nhiing dat nc khdc. Voi tat cd nhitng ly do nay t6i cho rang tiéng Anh
la mén hoc quan trong nhdat 6 truong.14. AN INCIDENT I SHALL NEVER FORGET
Certain incidents! so impress us that they leave an indelible? mark on our
memory. I was once involved in an incident of which I shall always have
vivid? recollections,
The incident occurred when I visited a village in India together with
my parents, sometime during my holidays last year.
Early in the morning on the day the incident occurred, I was talking
with a few of my new friends in that village. All of a sudden‘, a boy of
my age came rushing towards us to break the news that violence had
broken out in the neighbourhood. Alarmed at this news, we began to
protect ourselves, and before long the violence spread like wild fire
throughout our area.
Twas a little confused* at first for I had no idea about the cause of the
outbreak of violence there. One of my friends told me that the area had
been notorious® for such occurrence owing to’ rivalry® between two
parties. Each party tried to destroy the influence of the other in that area,
and the bad blood that existed between them had caused several deaths
and great misery to innocent people for a long time. Official influence
could not be exercised effectively in this area owing to its remoteness?
from the centres of authority. The members of the rival parties therefore
enjoyed almost complete freedom of action. The police arrived only
when there was news of violence, and often long after the damage has
been done.
While I was listening to this account of facts and events, the situation
suddenly took an ugly turn. A man who had been standing a short
distance away from us ran into his house most unexpectedly, and within
minutes his house was ablaze'®, My friends and I then ran towards his
house to put out the fire; but we were stopped by a few burly men who
were holding lethal weapons! in their hands. They threatened to kill if
we offered any help to anyone. One of them had even struck me on my
head with a stick. We realised instantly that we were no match for them
and that discretion was the better part of valour'?. We therefore decided
to proceed no further.
Soon the fire from that house began to spread and several houses were
burning. There were frantic!’ cries for help. Men, women and children
were running in all directions in their desparate’ attempts to save
whatever they could from the fire, in spite of the interference of the
55gangsters. A few of the unfortunate ones were burned to death, including
the man who had set fire to his own house. We then concluded" that the
man must have been so disgusted'* with what we had seen for so long
that he had no more desire to live, and this was his way of putting an end
to himself. It was indeed a pathetic sight.
Then, after several hours, the police arrived when more than a quarter
of the village had already been burned to ashes. They asked us several
questions to find out if we had ourselves participated in the violence. As
I was foreigner who would be leaving that village the’ following day, I
had the courage to answer all their questions and to point out the men
who had threatened to kill us. Those men were then arrested together
with other suspects.
Early next morning, my parents and I left the village with no more
desire to re-visit this place; but my memory of this incident will remain
fresh forever.
NEW WORDS:
1. incident ['insidant] (n) bién ch
2. indelible [in'delibl] (adj) kKhéng thé gét sach, kh6ng thé tay sach,
con vét mai
3. vivid ['vivid] (adj) sdng déng, manh mé
4. all of a sudden [9:1 av a ‘sadn] b&t thinh linh; mét cach bét ngo
5, confused [kan'fju:zd] (adj) bé/ réi, hing tung, nguong
6. notorious [nax'to:rias] (adj) khét tiéng; cé tiéng xdu
7. owing to ['auin ta] (adj) do vi, bdi vi
8. rivalry ['raivalri] (A) su’ kinh dich, su dua tai, su ganh dua
9, remoteness [ri'mautnis] (n) su’xa xdi, héo lanh
10. ablaze [a'bleiz] (adj) ruc chdy, boc chdy
11. lethal weapons ['li:@al 'wepan] vi khi chét ngudi
12. discretion was the better part of valour /iéu linh dting ché thi mdi
dang liéu finh
13. frantic [‘freentik] (adj) dién cudng, dién rd
14, desperate [‘desparit] (adj) tuyét vong; liéu mang, liéu linh
15. conclude (kan'klu:d] két /udn
16. disgusted [dis'gastid] (adj) chdn ghét, phan néM6t bién cé t6i khong bao gid quén
C6 nhiing su viée ma dn twong vé ching manh mé é dén mitc dé lai dau dn
khéng thé x6a nhoa trong ky ttc ching ta. Mot lan t6i da ching kién mét
sur kién ma ky tke vé nd van mdi séng dong trong t6i.
Su viée xay ra khi t6i viéng tham m6t lang qué An D6 cing véi bé me
ti trong ky nghi nam ngodi.
Vao budi sang sim ngay xay ra cdu chuyén, tdi dang trd chuyén voi
vai ngudi ban moi trong lang. Bong nhién, mé6t dita con trai trac tudi téi
chay vé phia ching t6i bdo tin rang bao déng da xdy ra o ving lan cén.
Duoc bdo d6ng, chiing 10i bat dau ty vé va chang bao lau cuéc bao d6ng
da lan nhanh nhu lita chdy qua ving ching tdi.
Thoat ddu t6i hoi béi ré vi khong biét nguyén nhan nd. ra bao déng &
46. M6t ngudi ban cho t6i biét rang ving nay khét tiéng vé nhitng su viéc
nhur thé do str thi nghich giita hai dang phdi. Dang nay co gang triét ha
Gnh hiong cia dang kia trong khu vec va sy mau thudn gitta ho da lam
mot 86 nguwéi thiét mang va gay ra su bat hanh cho nhitng ngudi v6 t6i
trong mét thoi gian dai. Nhiing anh huong cia chinh quyén khong co
hiéu qua 6 ving nay béi nd qué xa cdc trung tam quyén lye. Cac phan te
cua hai dang phdi thi nghich vi thé hdu nh dugc te do hogt d6ng. Canh
st chi xudt hién khi cé tin tic vé vu bao déng va thong la rét lau sau
khi cdc thiét hai da xay ra.
Trong khi toi lang nghe giai thich vé tin nec va su viéc nay, tinh thé da
béng chuyén sang m6t buéc ngodt nguy hiém. Mét nguci dan éng ding
cach ching téi khong xa béng chay vao nha, va chi trong vai phit ngdi
nha ctia 6ng ta béc lisa. Cac ban t6i va t6i chay vé phia ngdi nha dé dap
tat lita, nhung ching t6i bi ngdn can béi nhing ngudi dan ong luc luéng
mang vil khi giét ngudi trong tay. Ho doa sé giét ching t6i néu ching t6i
gitip do bat Ay ngudi nao. M6t ngudi trong so ho tham chi da dung gdy
dénh vao dau toi. Ngay lap tite ching tdi dy minh khéng phai la doi thi
cla ho, déng thoi cing nhan ra rang liéu linh luc nay la khéng thich
hop. Vi thé ching ti quyét dinh khéng tién thém buéc ndo nita.
Trong phiit choc lita tir ngéi nha chdy lan ra va vai ngdi nha khdc
cting bi chdy. Day d6 vang lén nhiing tiéng kéu citu dién cudng. Dan
ng, dan ba va tré em chay tan logn trong se né luc tuyét vong dé-citu
ldy bat cite cdi gi cd thé tir ngon lita bat ké se can thiép cua nhitng tén
con dé. Mét vai nguci nii ro bi thiéu cho dén chét, trong sé dé cé ngudi
5758
dan ng da dét nha minh. Sau d6 ching toi két ludn rang han la nguoi
dan éng dé vi qué ghé tom vi nhéing gi ching tdi dé ching kién trong
m6t thoi gian dai dén ndi 6ng ta khéng muén song nita va day la cach
dng két thiic cuéc doi 6 Ong. That la mgt canh tong bi thuong.
Réi sau d6 vai id canh sat xudt hién khi hon mét phdn tw ngoi lang
da chéy ra tro. Ho chat van ching toi dé xem ching t6i cé tham dy vao
cuge bao déng hay khéng. Vi la mét ngudi ngoai quoc sé roi lang vao
ngdy hém sau, t6i da can dam tra loi tat ca cde cau héi va diém mat
nhiing ké da de doa giét chiing toi. Nhiing nguoi nay bj bat git cing voi
nhiing nguwoi bi tinh nghi khdc.
Sdng sém hém sau, bé me ti va t6i tam bigt ngdi lang ma khéng
mong tro lai; nhung ky tc vé swe kién nay sé mai mdi khéng phai mo
trong téi.
15. THE VALUE OF MUSIC IN THE HAPPINESS
OF MAN
Music has always been a source of happiness to all men on the earth.
From their primitive days, men's love of music has led them to make
instruments' of all descriptions to produce beautiful music for their
enjoyment and happiness.
Without music the world would indeed be a very dull place to live in.
Even nature is full of music. There is music in the movements of the
winds, the sea, as well as the trees; there is music in the calls of the birds,
flies and insects and also in the flight of the birds and animals. It is from
all these things that, men have learnt to appreciate’ the value of music.
The same things have also taught men how to produce music from the
simplest of things such as sticks, bamboos, and animal horns. Men make
many kinds of flutes’ with bamboos which produce beautiful music.
That music is very important for men's happiness is hard to deny.
Music removes men's depression and fills them with gladness. It is for
this reason that music is played even in hospitals to cheer up the sick
people.
As music has the capacity’ to make men happy, it contributes greatly
to men’s success in life. A happy man is a good and hard worker. He
works happily among people and earns the good-will or all around.People like to associate’ with him and to employ him in all kinds of
work. Thus, he leads a happy and successful life.
The value of music in the happiness of man is therefore great.
NEW WORDS:
1, instrument [‘instrumant] (n) nhac cu
2. appreciate [a'pri:fieit] dénh gid dung, danh gid cao, hiéu ré gid tri,
thuong thitc
3. flute [flu:t] (n) dng sdo
4. capacity [ka'peesiti] (n) cd kha néng
5. associate [a'savfiit] (v) két giao; giao thiép
Gié trj cia dm nhac trong niém vui con nguoi
Am nhac luén luén la nguén hanh phiic cho moi ngudi trén trai dat nay.
Tir thud ban so, long say mé am nhac dé khién con ngudi sGng tao nhitng
nhac cu dti loai dé tao ra am digu tuyét voi mang lai thich thi: va hanh
Phiic cho minh.
Khéng cé dm nhac thé gidi thye su tré thanh noi cw ng buén té.
Ngay ca thién nhién ciing tran day Gm nhac. Cé tiéng du duong trong
nhiing chuyén dong cia gid, cua bién ca cling nhw cha cay xanh, Cé dm
diéu réo rat trong tiéng hét cha chim chée, tiéng vo ve cia rudi mudi va
cén tring ciing nhu am thanh trong tiéng vd cdnh bay di hay chay nhay
cua chim va thi rimg.
Tit d6 con nguoi da biét cam nhan gid trj cha Gm nhac. Ciing chinh
nhitng dm thanh do da gitip con ngudi tao ra Gm nhac tit nhitng dung cu
thé so nhdt nhu gay, tre va sing déng vat. Con nguoi da ché tao ra
nhiéu loai sdo bang tre phat ra nhieng di dm thanh du duong.
Kh6 ma phi nhén rang nhac rat quan trong véi hanh Phuic con ngudi.
Am nhac xoa diu ndi buon cia con nguoi va lam ho tran day niém vui.
D6 la ly do tai sao dm nhac duge sie dung trong bénh vién dé khich lé
tinh than bénh nhan.
Vi dm nhac c6 thé lam cho con nguoi hanh phic, nod gop phén quan
trong cho su thanh cong cia con nguoi trong cuGc song. MGt ngudi hanh
phic la mét nguwoi lam viéc tét va siéng nang. Anh ta lam viéc giita moi
nguoi va luén dugc moi ngudi yéu mén. Nguoi ta thich két ban voi anh
5960
ta, thich thué anh ta lam moi cong vigc. Vi thé cugc song cua anh ta luén
sung suéng va thanh cong.
T6m lai dm nhac cé gié tri to lén trong hanh phic con ngudi.
16. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF THE CINEMA
The influence that the cinema exerts on the minds of those who visit it is
at once beneficial and harmful.
Today, there is a cinema in almost every town. The cinema provides
so much entertainment! that few people fail to visit it One or the reasons
for the popularity of the cinema is that, it entertains” all types or people,
young and old, literate and illiterate? Because it is so Popular, it must
exercise some influence on those whom it attracts.
The films shown in the cinema are often very instructive and
informative. Almost every film shows something about the activities and
customs of the people in other lands. By seeing such films, one learns a
lot about human activities. One also gains a better understanding of
people of the world.
Further, some films show the battles that were fought in the past.
They also sometimes show very vividly how man has struggled‘ through
the centuries to remove discomfort from his life. In this way, some films
have given many people an insight into the past. Even illiterate people
have benefited from such films. What they cannot acquire’ from books
owing to their inability to read, they can acquire from films. School
students, too, often benefit from a visit to the cinema. What they see and
hear in the cinema makes a better impression on their minds than only
the spoken words or their teachers. For example, a teacher of history can
hardly describe a battle scene to his students as vividly as a film does.
For all these reasons, the cinema is often regarded® as an important
means of spreading knowledge.
It must be admitted, however, that some films have exerted an evil
influence on many people. Films which show the activities of criminals
have encouraged many youths to commit’ acts or crime. Other films, too,
such as those dealing with sex and other natural weaknesses® of man,
have corrupted? the morals'? of many people. As a result, the
governments of many countries have been compelled to interfere in the