Internet Protocol

By Sunny Vaghela

Session Flow
IP Addresses. Types of IP Addresses. Class Ranges. IP Addresses Versions. NAT Network Address Translation

IP Addresses
Every Computer that is connected to internet has unique IP Address. It is 32 bit number. Two types of IP Address. Static IP Remain Same at every session Dynamic IP Changed at Every Session.

IP Addresses
IANA manages global IP ranges space. IANA works in cooperation with five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to Local Internet Registries (Internet service providers) and other entities.

IP Addresses

Regional Internet Registries There are currently five RIRs in operation: American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) for North America and parts of the Caribbean. RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) for Europe, the Middle East and Central Asia. Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) for Asia and the Pacific region. Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) for Latin America and parts of the Caribbean region. African Network Information Centre (AfriNIC) for Africa

IPV4
IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP) and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. IPv4 uses 32-bit (four-byte) addresses, which limits the address space to 4,294,967,296 (232) possible unique addresses.

IPV6
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next-generation Internet Layer protocol for packet-switched internet works and the Internet IPv6 has a much larger address space than IPv4. This is based on the definition of a 128-bit address, whereas IPv4 used only 32 bits. The new address space thus supports 2128 (about 3.41038) addresses.

IP Address Classes

Class Class A Class B Class C Class D (multicast) Class E (reserved)

Leading bits 0 10 110 1110 1111

Start 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 192.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0

End 127.255.255.255 191.255.255.255 223.255.255.255 239.255.255.255 255.255.255.255

CIDR prefix /8 /16 /24 /4 /4

Default subnet mask 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 not defined not defined

IPConfig
Ipconfig is a DOS utility which can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings.

NAT
Network address translation (NAT) is the process of modifying network address information in datagram packet headers while in transit across a traffic routing device for the purpose of remapping a given address space into another.