Big ae YOCS PHAN Past g yapocuir 92-AL PUY LA un! | (7 Biatking Scheme i - z Marks j (8) Steady Mow { = liquid elevwents which start at a given potat always follow the same pails, 1 t % and have the same velocity at each point on the path = stesuntin g Turbulent flow n = liquid elements which start at a given point take random paths ‘and their velocities vary in magnitude and direction “flew Consider. a cross-gélion of the pipe, the Tiquid layer touching the pipe wall i always slatisnacy ue to puhesive fares between the liquid moiecules and pipe wall 4 The velocity of fiquid is gcealest at the conte. ulema fietion exists between liquid layecs with diferent velocities because of intermolecular forces So velocity falls off gradually as the pipe wall is approached = tb) (©) Liquid in contact with the bottom surface of the block moves atthe block's velocity v s Uiquid in contact ith the floor is stationary. c To a velocity geet ¥ fe vp in th gud of thiknes ” i So, force required = liquid frictional force vs . % | = yx Area x Velocity gradient : C = a ‘ ¥ i Tv ’ Assumptions + : ' rc nifornethickness-of liquid * i ANY. «= the liquid is Newtonian = ” t THREE 4 ~ constant velocity gradient across the thickness of liquid ‘4 } = “only the liquid lying below the block moves (ignore edge effet) “ad i Levinas [lero il ” i ig lm] Marker A . i} o | fotting ball-bearing ! ; rE ong glass tube | felting - | hey led £ fe ‘ lan] Harber, B | a | ~The diameter of the tube is large compared with the diameters, pf ball-bearings 1 so that treamine conitions are sais.’ = °° ” 7 + Marker A fs for enough beloiy the lid iirfoce 1 fr the tl-baig to have is eine velosty tA ane sath adel or sel ne assets ANY. + Dip the ball-bearing in the ‘and thereby coated, Gelore dropping $0 85 1 FOUR to reduce the chance of ait bubbles adhering to the falling ball-bearing 4 (e = Avoid ttsing ball-hearings of large radii as 1 . theie terminal velocities ate high and vortices may form 4 + Release the ball-besring atthe centre ofthe tube - U fe . to reduce the effect ofthe wall of the tuhe on the streamlines ” = Marker B is at's considerable distance from the bottom of the tube so as 1 ~ to Fedues the-effect of the bottom of the tube on the streamlines “6 {- 5 shite mow. 4 spins amg 2, 3 . 7 / ic oo | : RESTRICTED .Wabscee a aeo Dba bed ERE AE A bare ee eed ‘ALLULY. ae Ui pare lacking Scheine A, roostessive waves totignary waves = waveform advanced ai time goes on “waveform aes wat Advaice {HBB is ransmilled slong the direction - gnergy is.confined within the teplon 7 = ‘aL teavel ofthe ave, ' ‘Sulina siffesent ail ace iii phase iL particles oe Some patieles (at nodes) have no vibeation, -amaplitude is maximum at or im partion VMs tone hen ee stationary wave is formed wl - — : di 5 oo ‘At Ty. the waves arrive jn phase (o produce x loud sound 7 Phase difference then increases between the Waves duc to different frequencies. ACT, the waves are completely ott of phase, liltle or no sound is heard. Later at T,, the waves ace in phase again and a loudnole is heard. tervitant ~ Beano to sae), 1 (©) Gi) Suppose the beat period = T, then in time T | ' number of cycles of fy =f Mee esa ae cr umber of cycles of f, = fT ops supe s ‘Assume f greater than f, then (t- GT =) ie heh d T 2 beat frequency = f= 6 (@) Radar installed near the cond sends microvenves of Frequency f, to » travelling ear, then the microwaves ace reflected back to the radari.—t¥mvlis) eve) cr Duo to Doppler effect, the observed frequency fy of the Hence by comparing, the transmit = [Aa the beat frequency (» f, ~ ) depends on'the ear speed, JABS fiedied microwaves it slighily different-trom f.- ted and reflected microwaves, beatstare formed. cae speed.enn be checked. 4 eae thRES EKIC bee ryarare Q3-AL-PHY IIA Marking Scheme 2 : : ark (ay > (yr averngocdsift velocity += 10" Gnls). mW ms % |. Gi) speed of electrical signal : ~ 10" (v/s) eee % In a current-carrying conductor, electrons tend to accelerate along the opposite = dicection of the electri field inside, % Due to collisions between electrons and atoms (ions) ofthe conductor, 4 igang paths dieypome wes pl “ ‘and drift with small displacement in unit time. % b alecteig field divzetion ———_ with electric field == = without elects field small displacement Elect fed aves at an external hl speed ina civui oh 1 so electrons at every point of the circuit are influenced by the electric fel 4 nearly simultaneously as the switeh is closed, J enek ay clectrical signal results at one. (b) v= average drift velocity ongdng b ep siclronleeaaae 7 Ye amack for ANY TWO of them A = area of cross-section of the wire * ua = no, of conduction electrons pee unit volume Suppose electeons drift a distance along a wire in time tthe chargé o lows dhrngh a erose-seetion of the wire is, : q= alae % Drift velocity val ” Current in the wire i= 4 % alas ‘‘ Th Pa