0471727563

Sections

Principles of Experimental Design
2.1 CONFIRMATORY AND EXPLORATORY EXPERIMENTS
2.2 STEPS OF DESIGNED INVESTIGATIONS
2.2.1 Statement of the Problem
2.2.2 Subject Matter Model
2.2.3 Three Aspects of Design
2.2.4 Modeling the Response
2.2.5 Choosing the Response
2.2.6 Principles of Analysis
2.3 THE LINEAR MODEL
2.3.1 Three Qpes of Effects
2.3.2 Experimental and Observational Units
2.3.3 Outline of a Model
2.4. ILLUSTRATING INDIVIDUAL STEPS: STUDY 1 41
2.4 ILLUSTRATING INDIVIDUAL STEPS: STUDY 1
2.4.1 The Questions and Hypotheses
2.4.2 The Experiment and a Model
2.4.3 Analysis
2.4.4 Alternative Experimental Setup
2.5 THREE PRINCIPLES OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
2.6 THE STATISTICAL TRIANGLE: STUDY 2
2.6.1 Statement of the Problem
2.6.2 Four Experimental Situations
2.8. COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENTIST AND STATISTICIAN 53
2.8 COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENTIST AND STATISTICIAN
2.9.1 General Model
2.9.2 Outline of the ANOVA
2.10 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 ERROR-CONTROL DESIGNS
3.3 TREATMENT DESIGNS
3.5 SAMPLING DESIGNS
3.6 ANALYSIS AND STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
3.7 SUMMARY
Linear Model Theory
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 The Concept of a Model
4.2. REPRESENTATION OF LINEAR MODELS 73
4.1.2 Comparative and Absolute Experiments
4.2 REPRESENTATION OF LINEAR MODELS
4.3 FUNCTIONAL AND CLASSIFICATORY LINEAR MODELS
4.3.1 Functional Models
4.3.2 Classificatory Models
4.4 THE FITTING OF y = XP
4.4.1 The Notion of Identifiability
4.4.2 The Notion of Estimability
4.4.3 The Method of Least Squares
4.4.4 Theory of Linear Equations
4.5 MOORE-PENROSE GENERALIZED INVERSE
4.6 CONDITIONED LINEAR MODEL
4.6.1 Affine Linear Model
4.6.2 Normal Equations for the Conditioned Model
4.6.3 Different Qpes of Conditions
4.6.4 General Case
4.7 TWO-PART LINEAR MODEL
4.7.1 Ordered Linear Models
4.7.2 Using Orthogonal Projections
4.7.3 Orthogonal ANOVA
4.8 SPECIAL CASE OF A PARTITIONED MODEL
4.9 THREE-PART MODELS
4.10. TWO- WAY CLASSIFICATION WITHOUT INTERACTION 95
4.10 TWO-WAY CLASSIFICATION WITHOUT INTERACTION
4.11 K-PART LINEAR MODEL
The General Model and Its Sums of Squares
4.11.2 The Means Model
4.12.1 Factors, Levels, and Partitions
4.12.2 Nested, Crossed, and Confounded Factors
4.12.3 The Notion of Balance
4.12.4 Balanced One-way Classification
Two-way Classification with Equal Numbers
4.12.6 Experimental versus Observational Studies
4.12.7 General Classificatory Structure
4.12.8 The Well-Formulated Model
4.13.1 Two-Fold Nested Classification
4.13.2 Two-way Cross-Classification
4.13.3 Two-way Classification without Interaction
4.14 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE MODEL
4.14.1 The Question of Explaining Data
4.14.2 Obtaining the ANOVA Table
4.14.3 The Case of One Covariate
4.14.4 The Case of Several Covariates
4.15 FROM DATA ANALYSIS TO STATISTICAL INFERENCE
4.16. SIMPLE NORMAL STOCHASTIC LINEAR MODEL 123
4.16 SIMPLE NORMAL STOCHASTIC LINEAR MODEL
4.16.1 The Notion of Estimability
6.6.1 Moments of the Test Statistic
6.6.2 Approximation by the F-Test
6.6.3 Simulation Study
6.7. CRD WITH UNEQUAL NUMBERS OFREPLICATIONS 179
6.7 CRD WITH UNEQUAL NUMBERS OF REPLICATIONS
6.7.1 Randomization
6.7.2 The Model and ANOVA
Comparing Randomization Test and F-Test
6.8 NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS
6.8.1 Power of the F-Test
6.8.2 Smallest Detectable Difference
6.8.3 Practical Considerations
6.9 SUBSAMPLING IN A CRD
6.9.1 Subsampling Model
6.9.2 Inferences with Subsampling
6.9.3 Comparison of CRDs without and with Subsampling
6.10 TRANSFORMATIONS
6.10.1 Nonadditivity in the General Sense
6.10.2 Nonconstancy of Variances
6.10.3 Choice of Transformation
6.10.4 Power Transformations
6.11 EXAMPLES USING SAS@
6.12 EXERCISES
Comparisons of Treatments
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2.1 Treatment Contrasts
7.2.2 Orthogonal Contrasts
7.2.3 Partitioning the Treatment Sum of Squares
7.3 ORTHOGONALITY AND ORTHOGONAL COMPARISONS
7.4 COMPARISONS FOR QUANTITATIVE TREATMENTS
7.4.1 Comparisons for Treatments with Equidistant Levels
7.4.2 Use of Orthogonal Polynomials
7.4.3 Contrast Sums of Squares and the ANOVA
7.5 MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES
Multiple Comparisons and Error Rates
7.5.2 Least Significant Difference Test
7.5.3 Bonferroni t-Statistics
7.5.4 Studentized Range Procedure
7.5.5 Duncan's Multiple Range Test
7.5.6 Scheffh’s Procedure
7.5.7 Comparisons with a Control
7.5.8 Alternatives to Tests Based on Normality
7.6 GROUPING TREATMENTS
7.7 EXAMPLES USING SAS@
7.8 EXERCISES
9.5.3 Several Missing Observations
9.6 NONADDITIVITY IN THE RCBD
9.6.1 The Problem of Nonadditivity
9.6.2 General Model for Nonadditivity
9.6.4 Testing for Nonadditivity
9.6.5 Tukey's Test for Nonadditivity
9.6.6 Generalizations
9.6.7 Several Blocking Factors
9.6.8 Dealing with Block-Treatment Interaction
9.7 GENERALIZED RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN
9.7.1 Definition
9.7.2 Derived Linear Model
9.7.4 Analyzing Block-neatment Interaction
9.7.5 A More General Formulation
9.7.6 Random Block Effects
9.7.7 Using Satterthwaite’s Procedure
9.8 INCOMPLETE BLOCK DESIGNS
9.8.2 Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
9.8.3 Balanced Treatment Incomplete Block Designs
9.8.4 Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
9.8.5 Extended Block Designs
9.8.6 Some General Remarks
9.9 SYSTEMATIC BLOCK DESIGNS
9.9.1 Dealing with Trends
9.9.2 Trend-free Designs
9.10 EXAMPLES USING SASs
9.11 EXERCISES
Latin Square Type Designs
10.1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION
10.2 LATIN SQUARE DESIGN
10.2.1 Definition
10.2.2 Transformation Sets and Randomization
10.2.3 Derived Linear Model
10.2.4 Estimation of Treatment Contrasts
10.2.5 Analysis of Variance
10.2.7 Consequences of Nonadditivity
10.2.8 Investigating Nonadditivity
10.2.9 Miscellaneous Remarks
10.3 REPLICATED LATIN SQUARES
10.3.1 Different Scenarios for Replication
10.3.4 Rows and Columns Nested in Replications
10.3.5 Replication x Treatment Interaction
10.4 LATIN RECTANGLES
10.5 INCOMPLETE LATIN SQUARES
10.6. ORTHOGONAL LATIN SQUARES 395
10.6 ORTHOGONAL LATIN SQUARES
10.6.1 Graeco-Latin Squares
10.6.2 Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares
10.7 CHANGE-OVER DESIGNS
10.7.1 Two-Treatment Change-Over Design
10.7.2 Change-Over Designs for More than Two Treatments
10.7.3 Some Variations and Extensions
10.8 EXAMPLES USING SAS@
10.9 EXERCISES
Factorial Experiments: Basic Ideas
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 INFERENCES FROM FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
11.3 EXPERIMENTS WITH FACTORS AT TWO LEVELS
11.3.1 Definition of Main Effects and Interactions
11.3.2 Estimation of Main Effects and Interactions
11.3.3 Sums of Squares for Main Effects and Interactions
11.4 INTERPRETATION OF EFFECTS AND INTERACTIONS
11.5 INTERACTIONS: A CASE STUDY
11.5.1 The Experiment
11.5.2 The Model
11.5.4 Separate Analyses
11.5.5 Blocking by Intrinsic Factor Only
11.5.6 Using the Half-normal Plot Technique
11.5.8 Summary
11.6 2" FACTORIALS IN INCOMPLETE BLOCKS
23 Factorial in Blocks of Size 4
11.6.2 23 Factorial in Blocks of Size 2
11.6.3 Partial Confounding
11.7 FRACTIONS OF 2" FACTORIALS
11.7.1 Rationale for Fractional Replication
11.7.2 1/2 Fraction of the 23 Factorial
11.7.3 The Alias Structure
11.7.4 1/4 Fraction of the 28 Factorial
11.7.5 Systems of Confounding for Fractional Factorials
11.8 ORTHOGONAL MAIN EFFECT PLANS FOR 2" FACTORIALS
11.9 EXPERIMENTS WITH FACTORS AT THREE LEVELS
11.9.1 The 32 Factorial
11.9.2 Extensions
11.9.3 Formal Definition of Main Effects and Interactions
Systems of Confounding for the 3" Factorial
11.9.5 Fractions of 3" Factorials
11.9.6 Highly Fractionated 3" Factorials
11.10.1 Asymmetrical Factorial Experiments
11.10.2 Confounding in 2" x 3" Factorials
Blocks of Size 18:
Blocks of Size 12:
Blocks of Size 9:
Blocks of Size 6:
Blocks of Size 4:
11.11 EXAMPLES USING SASs
11.12 EXERCISES
Response Surface Designs
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
12.3 FIRST-ORDER MODELS AND DESIGNS
12.3.1 First-Order Regression Model
12.3.3 Alternative Designs
12.4 SECOND-ORDER MODELS AND DESIGNS
12.4.1 Second-Order Linear Regression
12.4.2 Possible Designs
12.4.3 Central Composite Designs
12.4.5 Box-Behnken Designs
12.5.1 Variance and Bias for the One-Factor Case
12.6 SEARCHING FOR AN OPTIMUM
12.7. EXPERIMENTS WITH MIXTURES 519
12.7 EXPERIMENTS WITH MIXTURES
12.7.1 Defining the Problem
12.7.2 Simplex-Lattice Designs
12.7.3 Simplex-Centroid Designs
12.7.4 Axial Designs
12.7.5 Canonical Polynomials
12.7.6 Including Process Variables
12.8 EXAMPLES USING SAS@
12.9 EXERCISES
Split-Plot Type Designs
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 SIMPLE SPLIT-PLOT DESIGN
13.2.1 Superimposing Two Randomized Complete Block Designs
13.2.2 Derived Linear Model
13.2.3 Testing of Hypotheses
13.2.4 Estimating Treatment Contrasts
13.2.5 Testing Hypotheses about Treatment Contrasts
13.3 RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SPLIT-PLOT DESIGN
13.4.1 SPD(CRD, RCBD)
13.4.2 Split-Plot Design in Time
13.4.3 SPD(CRD, LSD)
13.4.4 SPD(LSD, RCBD)
13.4.5 SPD(CRD, IBD)
13.4.6 SPD(GRBD, RCBD)
13.4.7 SPD(GRBD, IBD)
13.4.8 SPD(IBD,RCBD)
13.4.9 SPD(RCBD, GRBD)
13.4.10 Summary
13.5 SPLIT-BLOCK DESIGN
13.5.1 The Layout
13.5.2 Linear Model and ANOVA
13.5.3 Estimating Treatment Contrasts
13.6 SPLIT-SPLIT-PLOT DESIGN
13.7 EXAMPLES USING SAS@
13.8 EXERCISES
Designs with Repeated Measures
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 METHODS FOR ANALYZING REPEATED MEASURES DATA
Comparisons at Separate Time Points
14.2.2 Use of Summary Measures
14.2.3 Trend Analysis
14.2.4 The ANOVA Method
14.2.5 Mixed Model Analysis
14.3 EXAMPLES USING SASs
14.4 EXERCISES
Epilogue

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10/04/2011

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