‫اﻟﺼﻴﻎ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﺄ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎري ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻹﺣﺼﺎءات‬

‫‪σ‬‬
‫= ‪σx‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫)‪P(1 − P‬‬
‫= ‪σp‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪n‬‬

‫‪σ 12‬‬ ‫‪σ 22‬‬

‫= ‪σ x −x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪n1‬‬ ‫‪n2‬‬
‫‪P−P‬‬ ‫‪X −µ‬‬
‫و ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺮوض‪ -‬ﻋﻴﻨﺔ واﺣﺪة‪ :‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪σp‬‬ ‫‪σx‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ‪Z‬‬
‫‪P −P‬‬ ‫‪X −µ‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫=‪z‬‬
‫‪σ‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫) ‪P (1 − P‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ‪t‬‬
‫‪X −µ‬‬
‫‪df= n-1‬‬ ‫=‪t‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪s‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫) ‪( X 1 − X 2 ) − ( µ1 − µ 2‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺮوض‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻴﻨﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺘﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪σ x −x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ‪Z‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪σ 12‬‬ ‫‪σ 22‬‬
‫= ‪σ x −x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪+ 2‬‬ ‫أو‬ ‫= ‪σ x −x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪n1‬‬ ‫‪n2‬‬ ‫‪n1‬‬ ‫‪n2‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ‪t‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(n − 1) S1 + (n 2 − 1) S 2‬‬ ‫‪Sp 2 Sp 2‬‬
‫‪df = n1 + n2 − 2‬‬ ‫‪Sp‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= 1‬‬ ‫و‬ ‫= ‪σ x −x‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪n1 + n 2 − 2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪n1‬‬ ‫‪n2‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ آﺎى‬
‫‪( f0 − fe )2‬‬
‫‪df = r − 1‬‬ ‫‪OR‬‬ ‫)‪df = ( r − 1).(c − 1‬‬ ‫∑= ‪χ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪fe‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ‪ +‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ‪ +‬اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ‪ +‬درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ = ن – ‪ ، 1‬درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت = ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت – ‪1‬‬
‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت = ن – ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ) ف( )‪ = (F‬اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ‪ /‬اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬