Sng Hng l con sng rt ring ca H Ni, ca t m Vit Nam.

Con sng y chng nhng bi p nn nn vn minh sng Hng mt trong 36 nn vn minh ca Th gii m cn l h thng song ln nht min Bc nc ta, ln th 2 trn bn o ng Dng (sau sng Mkong hay Cu Long). Vi chiu di 1126km, qua a phn Vit Nam l 556km chim 49,3%, din tch ton lu vc l 155.000 km2 chim 45.6% din tch. Ngoi ra, song Hng cn c tn 614 ph lu t cp 1 n cp 6, c nhng ph lu ln nh , L, Chy Sng Hng bt ngun t dy ni Nhy Sn (cao 1776m) gn h i L thuc huyn Nh , tnh Vn Nam, Trung Quc chy theo hng Ty Bc ng Nam in hnh vo Vit Nam H Khu (Lo Cai) qua 7 tnh ra bin bng 10 ca, ca chnh l ca Ba Lt (Nam nh). on sng Hng chy qua H Ni di 91 km, thuc phn h lu. Trc khi ngi Php t tn cho sng Hng, n c rt nhiu tn gi. Mi a phng c mt tn sng ring ca mnh, v d nh sng Thao, sng Ci, sng Nh H, sng Nam Sang, Hong Giang v th n cng c coi l con sng c nhiu tn nht. Mt trong nhng nt c th ca vn ha Vit Nam l sc thi sng nc. Cc th c trong lch s Vit Nam phn ln u gn lin vi sng nc: C Loa, Thng Long,Ph Hin, Hi An Trong vn ha t chc i sng c nhn, sc thi nc cng l mt yu t quan trng, ngi Vit cho rng mnh l con rng chu tin xut pht t truyn Lc Long Qun u C. Lc Long Qun lm vua nc Xch Qu, c dn gi l B nhng li sng Thy ph, t xng l ging rng ng u cc loi di nc. Ngi Vit c tc th Thy Thn. Thy thn c nhiu tn gi, tn ti di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, ph bin nht vng sng nc l tc th mu Thoi (c chch t mu thy t tn trng). T bao i nay, vo dp l hi ma xun v ma Thu, sng Hng li rn rng ting trng, ting ching ca nhng on thuyn Rng i ra tn gia sng rc nc sng M (sng Ci) v th v tm tng. Du lch ng sng gi khng cn l hnh thc mi na, nhng ti nguyn du lch ven sng c khng nh t lu v ngy cng hp dn du khch trong v ngoi nc. Chnh nhng cuc du ngon ca cc thi nhn mc khch xa nay cn in du trong cc truyn thuyt, trong nhng ng vn th. Sng hng cn c coi l mt di tch lch s ghi du chin cng chng xm lc. Nhng trn thng ln ca nhn dn ta trong lch s phn ln l nhng trn nh trn sng nc: Bch ng (938), (981) trn Ty Kt ln 1, Ty Kt ln 2, Chng Dng, Hm T (1285, Bch ng (1285), Rch Gm Xoi Mt (1785) khu vc dc Hng Than, u cu Long Bin (xa l inh B u) ni din ra trn nh oanh lit ca qun v dn ta (29/1/1285) nh bt 3 vn qun Mng C do Uri-ang Kha-ai cm u ra khi Thng Long, kt thc v vang cuc khng chin chng qun Mng C xm lc ln th 2 (1285). cnh khu vc bi t nhin thuc huyn Khoi Chu (Hng Yn) l bn Ty Kt ni din ra chin dch Ty Kt ln th nht do Chiu Thnh Vng, Hoi Vn Hu Trn Quc Ton, Nguyn Khoi ch huy. Nm 1285, a danh Hm T (Khoi Chu Hng Yn) l ni din ra chin dch Hm T do Chiu Vn Vng Trn Nht Dut ch huy Chng Dng l a danh din ra chin dch Chng Dng do Chiu Minh Vng Trn Quang Khi ch huy cng vo nm 1285. Nhng chin thng ny cn in du trong bi th Tng gi hon kinh s ca Trn Quang Khi:

ot sc Chng Dng Cm h Hm T quan Thi bnh tu tr lc Vn c th giang san

Khong ba bn trm nm trc, Sng Hng em li cho H Ni sc sng ca mt trung tm thng mi. Hng ha t min xui theo sng Hng v li ng bng, xui nhng bn b ln cc tnh min ni, hng lm sn min ni li theo sng Hng v ng bng. Nhng bn b sng Hng y snh ngang vi nhng bn cng sm ut ca Chu u, cc tu bun ca Php, Nht, , B o Nha tp np cp bn sng Hng trong cuc khng chin chngs Php, M. Sng Hng cn l nhn chng cho s hy sinh mt mt v nhng chin cng oanh lit ca qun v dn H Ni. Ti nguyn du lch sng Hng phi k n l h thng lng Vit. Trn sng Hng tn ti nhiu kiu lng vi nhng xm chi, lng chi nh mang m sc thi sng nc. Mt s lng tn ti vng t ven sng ngoi chnh, chng hn lng gm Bt Trng xa c m t St trng l nguyn liu lm gm, y cng l v tr thun li cho giao thng vn ti ng thy. Vic sng ngoi chnh lm cho ngi dn lun phi lo i ph vi l lt, nn dn c tho vng sng nc, hu nh nh no cng c thuyn do vy nn lng Xm Dng (Ninh S, Thng Tn, H Ty) c tn gi rt dn gian l Lng Dm. Sng Hng cn ni bt vi nhng di tch ghi du s kt tinh ca lao ng. Bn thn ng bng sng Hng l mnh t c ng cha ta ch bo v bng h thng iu kin c. C th so snh, ngi Ai Cp t ho v Kim T Thp, ngi Trung Quc t ho v Vn L Trng Thnh, ngi Vit Nam cng c quyn t ho v h thng sng, bin trn c nc, c th v nh Trng Thnh vn l ngn chn gic nc. Vi H Ni, k t khi xut hin C X vo thi L u th k XII (1108) bo v kinh thnh Thng Long dc sng Hng t Nghi Tm n Lng Yn v Quai Vc, h thng sng Hng ca H Ni c mt b dy lch s n hn 800 nm. Tnh H Tnh tr ra c gn 5000 km trong c 1580 km sng Hng. Bn cnh h iu, knh Bc Hng Hi gm mt h thng sng o, lnh mng, cng ln lm nhim v ti tiu cho 3 tnh: Bc Ninh, Hng Yn, Hi Dng. y l cng trnh thy li c tm c u tin c xy dng di ch X hi ch ngha vo nm 1958. Cng trnh c s tham gia ca lc lng ch lc l cn b chin s chuyn ngnh v hng vn lt dn cng.