The Effects of Temperature and Other Factors on Plastics and Elastomers

Sections

1.1 Plastics and Polymers
1.1.1 Polymerization
1 Introduction to Plastics and Elastomers
1.1.2 Copolymers
1.1.4 Molecular Weight
1.1.5 Thermosets vs Thermoplastics
1.1.6 Crystalline vs. Amorphous
1.1.7 Blends
1.1.8 Elastomers
1.1.9 Additives
1.1.9.1 Fillers and Reinforcement
1.1.9.2 Combustion Modiﬁers, Fire and Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants
1.1.9.3 Release Agents, Lubricants, Slip, and Antiblocking Agents
1.1.9.4 Catalysts
1.1.9.5 Impact Modiﬁers and Tougheners
1.1.9.6 UV Stabilizers
1.1.9.7 Antistatic Agents
1.1.9.8 Plasticizers
1.1.9.9 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, Mica
1.1.9.10 Coupling Agents
1.1.9.11 Thermal Stabilizers
1.2 Testing of Plastics
1.2.1 Mechanical Property Testing of Plastics
1.2.1.1 Tensile Properties
1.2.1.2 Compressive Properties
1.2.1.3 Shear Properties
1.2.1.4 Flexural Properties
1.2.2 Impact Property Testing of Plastics
1.2.2.1 Izod Impact Strength and Charpy Impact Strength
1.2.2.2 Gardner and Falling Dart Impact Strength
1.2.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastics
1.2.3.1 Heat Deﬂection Temperature
1.2.3.2 Vicat Softening Temperature
1.2.3.3 Melt Flow Index
1.2.3.4 Glass Transition Temperature ( T
1.2.3.5 Melting Point T
1.2.3.6 Coefﬁcient of Thermal Expansion
1.3 Principles of Plastic Product Design
1.3.1 Rigidity of Plastics Materials
1.3.2 The Assessment of Maximum Service Temperature
1.3.2.1 Assessment of Thermal Stability
1.3.3 Toughness
1.3.3.1 The Assessment of Impact Strength
1.3.3.2 Time Dependent Behavior
1.3.3.3 Selection Guides
1.4 Summary
References
2.1 Background
2.1.1 Polystyrene
2.1.2 Acrylonitrile-Styrene- Acrylate (ASA)
2 Styrenic Plastics
2.1.3 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN)
2.1.4 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene- Styrene (ABS)
2.1.5 Styrene-Maleic Anhydride (SMA)
2.1.6 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs)
2.1.7 Blends
2.2 Polystyrene
2.3 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate (ASA)
2.4 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN)
2.5 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene- Styrene (ABS)
2.6 Styrene-Maleic-Anhydride (SMA)
2.7 Styrenic Block Copolymers (SBCs)
2.8 Styrenic Blends and Alloys
3.1 Background
3.1.1 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer)
3.1.2 Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer)
3 Polyether Plastics
3.1.3 Modiﬁed Polyphenylene Ether/Polyphenylene Oxides (PPE or PPO)
3.2 Acetals—Polyoxymethylene POM
3.3 Acetal-Copolymer
3.4 Modiﬁed Polypropylene Ether (PPE)
4.1 Background
4.1.1 Polycarbonate (PC)
4 Polyesters
4.1.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)
4.1.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
4.1.4 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs)
4.1.5 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT)
4.1.6 Polyester Blends and Alloys
4.2 Polycarbonate (PC)
4.3 Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)
4.4 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
4.5 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs)
4.6 Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate (PCT)
5.1 Background
5.1.1 Polyetherimide (PEI)
5.1.2 Polyamide-Imide (PAI)
5 Polyimides
5.1.3 Polyimide (PI)
5.1.4 Imide Polymer Blends
5.2 Polyetherimide (PEI)
5.3 Polyamide-Imide (PAI)
5.4 Polyimide (PI)
6.1 Background
6 Polyamides (Nylons)
6.1.1 Nylon 6
6.1.2 Nylon 11
6.1.3 Nylon 12
6.1.4 Nylon 66
6.1.5 Nylon 610
6.1.6 Nylon 612
6.1.7 Nylon 666 or 66/6
6.1.8 Amorphous Nylon
6.1.9 Nylon 46
6.1.10 Polyphthalamide/ High-Performance Polyamide(PPA)
6.1.11 Polyarylamide (PAA)
6.2 Nylon 6 (PA6)
6.3 Nylon 11 (PA11)
6.4 Nylon 12 (PA12)
6.5 Nylon 66 (PA66)
6.6 Nylon 610 (PA610)
6.7 Nylon 612 (PA612)
6.8 Nylon 6/66 (PA666)
6.9 Nylon Amorphous
6.10 Nylon 46 (PA46)
6.11 Polyphthalamide (PPA)
6.12 Polyarylamide (PAA)
6.13 Polyamide Blend (PPA)
7.1 Background
7.1.1 Polyethylene (PE)
7 Polyoleﬁns and Acrylics
7.1.2 Polypropylene (PP)
7.1.3 Polytrimethyl Pentene (PTP)
7.1.4 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
7.1.5 Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
7.1.6 Cyclic Oleﬁn Copolymer (COC)
7.1.7 Polyacrylics
7.2 Polyethylene (PE)
7.1.8 Other Oleﬁn/Acrylic Polymers
7.4 Polymethylpentene (PMP)
7.5 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
7.6 Rigid Polyvinyl-Chloride (PVC)
7.7 Cyclic-Oleﬁn-Copolymer (COC)
7.8 Polyacrylics
8.1 Background
8.1.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPUs)
8 Thermoplastic Elastomers
8.1.2 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs)
8.1.3 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers
8.2 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU)
8.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-Es or COPEs)
8.4 Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) Thermoplastic Elastomers
9.1 Background
9.1.1 Polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE)
9 Fluoropolymers
9.1.2 Polyethylene Chlorotriﬂuoroethylene (ECTFE)
9.1.3 Polyethylene Tetraﬂuoroethylene (ETFE)
9.1.4 Fluorinated- Ethylene-Propylene (FEP)
9.1.5 Perﬂuoro-Alkoxy (PFA)
9.1.6 Polychlorotriﬂuoroethylene (PCTFE)
9.1.7 Polyvinylidene-Fluoride (PVDF)
9.1.8 THV™
9.1.9 HTE
9.1.10 Fluoroplastic Melting Points
9.2 Polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE)
9.3 Ethylene Chlorotriﬂuoroethylene (ECTFE)
9.4 Ethylene Tetraﬂuoroethylene (ETFE)
9.5 Fluorinated- Ethylene-Propylene (FEP)
9.6 Perﬂuoro Alkylvinylether (PFA)
9.7 Polychlorotriﬂuoroethylene (PCTFE)
9.8 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
10.1 Background
10.1.1 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
10.1.2 Polyethersulfone (PES)
10.1.3 Polyphenylene Sulﬁde (PPS)
10 High Temperature Polymers
10.1.4 Polysulfone (PSU)
10.1.5 Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
10.2 Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
10.3 Polyether Sulfone (PES)
10.4 Polyphenylene Sulﬁde (PPS)
10.5 Polysulfone (PSU)
11.1 Background
11 Tables of Selected ISO 10350 Properties
11.7 Polyoleﬁ ns and Acrylics
11.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers
11.9 Fluoropolymers
11.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics
12.1 Background
12 Tables of Selected Thermal Properties
12.2 Styrenic Plastics
12.3 Polyethers
12.4 Polyesters
12.5 Polyimides
12.6 Polyamides (Nylons)
12.7 Polyoleﬁ ns and Acrylics
12.8 Thermoplastic Elastomers
12.9 Fluoropolymers
12.10 Miscellaneous High Temperature Plastics
Appendix 1: Abbreviations
Appendix 2: Trade Names
Appendix 3: Unit Conversion Tables
INDEX

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